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High-dosage stosstherapy of cyclophosphamide was administered, as far as possible optimally synchronized with plasmapheresis, to 12 patients with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. The basis for such synchronization lies in experimental data pointing to an increased antibody production after plasmapheresis (antibody rebound). Initial large-volume plasmapheresis was followed by high-dose immunosuppression in the phase of likely maximal proliferation of antibody-producing cells. The serum creatinine level in the 12 patients was 7.7 +/- 3.3 mg/dl before treatment. Eight patients required dialysis. After a period of observation of one year, ten patients are still alive. In one patient treatment had to be discontinued because she did not tolerate it. In the other nine patients renal function stabilized on a dialysis-free level. After one year the serum creatinine level averaged 2.5 +/- 1.2 mg/dl. With one exception no maintenance immunosuppressive treatment is required after one year. These preliminary results suggest that this treatment concept further improves the prognosis of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis.