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3. The treatment of uncertainty and learning in the economics of natural resource and environmental management

Author

LaRiviere, J, Kling, D, Sanchirico, JN, Sims, C, and Springborn, M

Subjects
Agricultural Economics & Policy, Applied Economics, Environmental Science and Management
Abstract

Environmental and resource economists often use models that include uncertainty and ways to reduce that uncertainty through learning. Using a standard environmental and resource economics framework, this article parses several different forms of uncertainty and learning that are commonly considered in the literature. We then review the applied theory literature using that framework to assess whether there is support for four hypotheses associated with uncertainty and learning in environmental management that have been raised in policy circles. We find that these hypotheses are often true for one type of uncertainty or learning but not another, highlighting how a lack of clarity can lead to confusion among researchers and policymakers.

Published
2018

8. Steady-state bioavailability of prescription omega-3 on a low-fat diet is significantly improved with a free fatty acid formulation compared with an ethyl ester formulation: the ECLIPSE II study

Author

Offman E, Marenco T, Ferber S, Johnson J, Kling D, Curcio D, and Davidson M

Subjects
Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract

Elliot Offman,1 Ted Marenco,1 Sandy Ferber,2 Judith Johnson,3 Douglas Kling,3 Danielle Curcio,3 Michael Davidson3 1Clinical Pharmacology Sciences, Celerion, Montreal, QC, Canada; 2Array Biostatistics LLC, Evanston, IL, USA; 3Omthera Pharmaceuticals Inc, Princeton, NJ, USA Abstract: The systemic bioavailability of free fatty acid (FFA) forms of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) compared with ethyl ester (EE) forms is dependent on the presence of intestinal lipases and is highest during consumption of high-fat meals. Given that patients with cardiovascular disease are advised to reduce dietary fat intake, potentially lowering the bioavailability and therapeutic benefit, the hypothesis that FFA forms provide for higher bioavailability compared with EE forms under low-fat diet conditions was tested where the pharmacokinetics of the FFA form (Epanova™) were compared with those of an ethyl ester form (Lovaza®) following repeat dosing. Fifty-two healthy male and female subjects were equally allocated to one of two open-label, parallel-group cohorts. Following a Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes diet for a minimum of 7 days, blood samples were drawn for endogenous values for EPA and DHA over a 24-hour period. Subjects were then administered 4 × 1 g capsules of either Epanova (OM3 FFA) or Lovaza (OM3 EE) once daily for 14 days, following which serial blood samples were drawn over a 24-hour period to characterize the bioavailability of EPA and DHA from the respective formulations. In addition, changes from baseline in lipid profile were explored. Systemic bioavailability, as measured by area under the curve from time zero to 24 hours (AUC0–τ) and the maximum measured plasma concentrations during the 0–24 hour dosing interval (Cmax,ss) of unadjusted total plasma EPA + DHA were approximately 3-fold and 3.9-fold higher, respectively, for Epanova relative to Lovaza. Following baseline adjustment, the magnitude of difference in bioavailability was approximately 5.8-fold and 6.5-fold higher in AUC0–τ and Cmax,ss, respectively, for Epanova relative to Lovaza. Serum triglycerides were reduced by a significantly greater extent (P = 0.013) for Epanova relative to Lovaza (21% versus 8%). The bioavailability of the FFA forms of EPA and DHA in Epanova are significantly greater than the bioavailability from the EE forms present in Lovaza under low-fat dietary conditions normally recommended for patients with cardiovascular disease. This increased bioavailability may lead to improved triglyceride-lowering in patients with hypertriglyceridemia. Keywords: hypertriglyceridemia, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, pharmacokinetics

Published
2013

16. Study of the pharmacokinetic interaction between simvastatin and prescription omega-3-acid ethyl esters

Author

McKenney, J.M., Swearingen, D., Di Spirito, M., Doyle, R., Pantaleon, C., Kling, D., and Shalwitz, R.A.

Subjects
Hyperlipidemia -- Drug therapy -- Complications and side effects, Drug interactions -- Observations -- Complications and side effects -- Health aspects, Omega-3 fatty acids -- Health aspects, Health, Drug therapy, Observations, Complications and side effects, Health aspects
Abstract

The coadministration of prescription omega-3-acid ethyl esters (P-OM3) with a statin may present a treatment option for patients with mixed hyperlipidemia. This open-label, randomized, 2-way crossover, drug-drug interaction study evaluated [...]

Published
2006

34. Towards complete male individualization with rapidly mutating Y-chromosomal STRs

Author

Ballantyne, KN, Ralf, A, Aboukhalid, R, Achakzai, NM, Anjos, MJ, Ayub, Q, Balažic, J, Ballantyne, J, Ballard, DJ, Berger, B, Bobillo, C, Bouabdellah, M, Burri, H, Butler, J, Capal, T, Caratti, S, Carracedo, A, Cartault, F, Carvalho, EF, Cheng, B, Coble, MD, Comas, D, Corach, D, D'Amato, ME, Davison, S, de Carvalho, EF, de Knijff, Peter, de Ungria, M, Decorte, Ronny, Dobosz, T, Dupuy, BM, Elmrghni, S, Gliwinski, M, Gomes, SC, Grol, L, Haas, C, Hanson, E, Henke, J, Hill, CR, Holmlund, G, Honda, K, Immel, U, Inoue, S, Jobling, MA, Kaddura, M, Kim, JS, Kim, SH, Kim, W, King, TE, Klausriegler, E, Kling, D, Kovacevic, LL, Kovatsi, L, Krajewski, P, Kravchenko, S, Larmuseau, Maarten, Lee, EY, Lee, SH, Lessig, R, Livshits, LA, Marjanovic, D, Minarik, M, Mizuno, N, Moreira, H, Morling, N, Mukherjee, M, Nagaraju, J, Neuhuber, F, Nie, S, Nilasitsataporn, P, Nishi, T, Oh, HH, Olofsson, J, Onofri, V, Palo, JU, Pamjav, H, Parson, W, Payet, C, Petlach, M, Phillips, C, Ploski, R, Prasad, SPR, Primorac, D, Purnnomo, GA, Purps, J, Rangel, H, Rebala, K, Rerkamnuaychoke, B, Rey, D, Robino, C, Rodríguez, F, Roewer, L, Rosa, A, Sajantila, A, Sala, A, Salvador, J, Sanz, P, Schmitt, C, Sharma, AK, Silva, DA, Shin, KJ, Sijen, T, Sirker, M, Siváková, D, Skaro, V, Solano-Matamoros, C, Souto, L, Stenzl, V, Sudoyo, H, Syndercombe-Court, D, Tagliabracci, A, Taylor, D, Tillmar, A, Tsybovsky, IS, Tyler-Smith, C, van der Gaag, K, Vanek, D, Völgyi, A, Ward, D, Willemse, P, Winkler, C, Yap, EPH, Yong, RYY, Zupanic Pajnic, I, and Kayser, M

Subjects
haplotypes, paternal lineage, RM YSTRs, Y-STRs, forensic, Y-chromosome
Abstract

Relevant for various areas of human genetics, Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) are commonly used for testing close paternal relationships among individuals and populations, and for male lineage identification. However, even the widely used 17-loci Yfiler set cannot resolve individuals and populations completely. Here, 52 centers generated quality-controlled data of 13 rapidly mutating (RM) Y-STRs in 14,644 related and unrelated males from 111 worldwide populations. Strikingly, >99% of the 12,272 unrelated males were completely individualized. Haplotype diversity was extremely high (global: 0.9999985, regional: 0.99836–0.9999988). Haplotype sharing between populations was almost absent except for six (0.05%) of the 12,156 haplotypes. Haplotype sharing within populations was generally rare (0.8% nonunique haplotypes), significantly lower in urban (0.9%) than rural (2.1%) and highest in endogamous groups (14.3%). Analysis of molecular variance revealed 99.98% of variation within populations, 0.018% among populations within groups, and 0.002% among groups. Of the 2,372 newly and 156 previously typed male relative pairs, 29% were differentiated including 27% of the 2,378 father–son pairs. Relative to Yfiler, haplotype diversity was increased in 86% of the populations tested and overall male relative differentiation was raised by 23.5%. Our study demonstrates the value of RMY-STRs in identifying and separating unrelated and related males and provides a reference database. ispartof: Human Mutation vol:35 issue:8 pages:1021-1032 status: published

Published
2014

35. Toward Male Individualization with Rapidly Mutating Y-Chromosomal Short Tandem Repeats

Author

Ballantyne, K.N., Ralf, A., Aboukhalid, R., Achakzai, N.M., Anjos, M.J., Ayub, Q., Balazic, J., Ballantyne, J., Ballard, D.J., Berger, B., Bobillo, C., Bouabdellah, M., Burri, H., Capal, T., Caratti, S., Cardenas, J., Cartault, F., Carvalho, E.F., Carvalho, M., Cheng, B.W., Coble, M.D., Comas, D., Corach, D., D'Amato, M.E., Davison, S., Knijff, P. de, Ungria, M.C.A. de, Decorte, R., Dobosz, T., Dupuy, B.M., Elmrghni, S., Gliwinski, M., Gomes, S.C., Grol, L., Haas, C., Hanson, E., Henke, J., Henke, L., Herrera-Rodriguez, F., Hill, C.R., Holmlund, G., Honda, K., Immel, U.D., Inokuchi, S., Jobling, M.A., Kaddura, M., Kim, J.S., Kim, S.H., Kim, W., King, T.E., Klausriegler, E., Kling, D., Kovacevic, L., Kovatsi, L., Krajewski, P., Kravchenko, S., Larmuseau, M.H.D., Lee, E.Y., Lessig, R., Livshits, L.A., Marjanovic, D., Minarik, M., Mizuno, N., Moreira, H., Morling, N., Mukherjee, M., Munier, P., Nagaraju, J., Neuhuber, F., Nie, S.J., Nilasitsataporn, P., Nishi, T., Oh, H.H., Olofsson, J., Onofri, V., Palo, J.U., Pamjav, H., Parson, W., Petlach, M., Phillips, C., Ploski, R., Prasad, S.P.R., Primorac, D., Purnomo, G.A., Purps, J., Rangel-Villalobos, H., Rebala, K., Rerkamnuaychoke, B., Gonzalez, D.R., Robino, C., Roewer, L., Rosa, A., Sajantila, A., Sala, A., Salvador, J.M., Sanz, P., Schmitt, C., Sharma, A.K., Silva, D.A., Shin, K.J., Sijen, T., Sirker, M., Sivakova, D., Skaro, V., Solano-Matamoros, C., Souto, L., Stenzl, V., Sudoyo, H., Syndercombe-Court, D., Tagliabracci, A., Taylor, D., Tillmar, A., Tsybovsky, I.S., Tyler-Smith, C., Gaag, K.J. van der, Vanek, D., Volgyi, A., Ward, D., Willemse, P., Yap, E.P.H., Yong, R.Y.Y., Pajnic, I.Z., Kayser, M., Hjelt Institute (-2014), Forensic Medicine, PaleOmics Laboratory, and Genetic Identification

Subjects
Male, Rural Population, haplotypes, Y-chromosome, Y-STRs, RM Y-STRs, paternal lineage, forensic, Asia, Forensic Science, Urban Population, Cell- och molekylärbiologi, education, Paternity, Gene Frequency, Humans, Alleles, Chromosomes, Human, Y, 1184 Genetics, developmental biology, physiology, Genetic Variation, DNA Fingerprinting, RM Y-STRs, Y-STRs, Y-chromosome, forensic, haplotypes, paternal lineage, Pedigree, Europe, Genetics, Population, Africa, 3111 Biomedicine, Americas, Cell and Molecular Biology, Microsatellite Repeats, Rättsmedicin
Abstract

Relevant for various areas of human genetics, Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) are commonly used for testing close paternal relationships among individuals and populations, and for male lineage identification. However, even the widely used 17-loci Yfiler set cannot resolve individuals and populations completely. Here, 52 centers generated quality-controlled data of 13 rapidly mutating (RM) Y-STRs in 14,644 related and unrelated males from 111 worldwide populations. Strikingly, >99% of the 12,272 unrelated males were completely individualized. Haplotype diversity was extremely high (global: 0.9999985, regional: 0.99836-0.9999988). Haplotype sharing between populations was almost absent except for six (0.05%) of the 12,156 haplotypes. Haplotype sharing within populations was generally rare (0.8% nonunique haplotypes), significantly lower in urban (0.9%) than rural (2.1%) and highest in endogamous groups (14.3%). Analysis of molecular variance revealed 99.98% of variation within populations, 0.018% among populations within groups, and 0.002% among groups. Of the 2,372 newly and 156 previously typed male relative pairs, 29% were differentiated including 27% of the 2,378 father-son pairs. Relative to Yfiler, haplotype diversity was increased in 86% of the populations tested and overall male relative differentiation was raised by 23.5%. Our study demonstrates the value of RMY-STRs in identifying and separating unrelated and related males and provides a reference database. Published 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.**

Published
2014

45. Toward Male Individualization with Rapidly Mutating Y-Chromosomal Short Tandem Repeats

Author

Ballantyne, K. (Kaye), Ralf, A. (Arwin), Aboukhalid, R. (Rachid), Achakzai, N.M. (Niaz), Anjos, T. (Tania), Ayub, Q. (Qasim), Balažic, J. (Jože), Ballantyne, J. (Jack), Ballard, D.J. (David), Berger, B. (Burkhard), Bobillo, C. (Cecilia), Bouabdellah, M. (Mehdi), Burri, H. (Helen), Capal, T. (Tomas), Caratti, S. (Stefano), Cárdenas, J. (Jorge), Cartault, F. (François), Carvalho, E.F. (Elizeu), Carvalho, M. (Margarete) de, Cheng, B. (Baowen), Coble, M.D. (Michael), Comas, D. (David), Corach, D. (Daniel), D'Amato, M. (Mauro), Davison, S. (Sean), Knijff, P. (Peter) de, Ungria, M.C.A. (Maria Corazon) de, Decorte, R. (Ronny), Dobosz, T. (Tadeusz), Dupuy, B.M. (Berit), Elmrghni, S. (Samir), Gliwiński, M. (Mateusz), Gomes, S.C. (Sara), Grol, L. (Laurens), Haas, C. (Cordula), Hanson, E. (Erin), Henke, J. (Jürgen), Henke, L. (Lotte), Herrera-Rodríguez, F. (Fabiola), Hill, C.R. (Carolyn), Holmlund, G. (Gunilla), Honda, K. (Katsuya), Immel, U.-D. (Uta-Dorothee), Inokuchi, S. (Shota), Jobling, R., Kaddura, M. (Mahmoud), Kim, J.S. (Jong), Kim, S.H. (Soon), Kim, W. (Wook), King, T.E. (Turi), Klausriegler, E. (Eva), Kling, D. (Daniel), Kovačević, L. (Lejla), Kovatsi, L. (Leda), Krajewski, P. (Paweł), Kravchenko, S. (Sergey), Larmuseau, M.H.D. (Maarten), Lee, E.Y. (Eun Young), Lessig, R. (Rüdiger), Livshits, L.A. (Ludmila), Marjanović, D. (Damir), Minarik, M. (Marek), Mizuno, N. (Natsuko), Moreira, H. (Helena), Morling, N. (Niels), Mukherjee, M. (Meeta), Munier, P. (Patrick), Nagaraju, J. (Javaregowda), Neuhuber, F. (Franz), Nie, S. (Shengjie), Nilasitsataporn, P. (Premlaphat), Nishi, T. (Takeki), Oh, H.H. (Hye), Olofsson, S. (Sylvia), Onofri, V. (Valerio), Palo, J. (Jukka), Pamjav, H. (Horolma), Parson, W. (Walther), Petlach, M. (Michal), Phillips, C. (Christopher), Ploski, R. (Rafal), Prasad, S.P.R. (Samayamantri P.), Primorac, D. (Dragan), Purnomo, G.A. (Gludhug), Purps, J. (Josephine), Rangel-Villalobos, H. (Hector), Reogonekbała, K. (Krzysztof), Rerkamnuaychoke, B. (Budsaba), Gonzalez, D.R. (Danel Rey), Robino, C. (Carlo), Roewer, L. (Lutz), Rosa, A. (Anna) de, Sajantila, A. (Antti), Sala, A. (Andrea), Salvador, J.M. (Jazelyn), Sanz, P. (Paula), Schmitt, C. (Christian), Sharma, A.K. (Anisha K.), Silva, D.A. (Dayse), Shin, K.-J. (Kyoung-Jin), Sijen, T. (Titia), Sirker, M. (Miriam), Siváková, D. (Daniela), Škaro, V. (Vedrana), Solano-Matamoros, C. (Carlos), Souto, L. (L.), Stenzl, V. (Vlastimil), Sudoyo, H. (Herawati), Syndercombe-Court, D. (Denise), Tagliabracci, A. (Adriano), Taylor, D. (Duncan), Tillmar, A. (Andreas), Tsybovsky, I.S. (Iosif), Tyler-Smith, C. (Chris), Gaag, K. (Kristiaan) van der, Vanek, D. (Daniel), Völgyi, A. (Antónia), Ward, D. (Denise), Willemse, P. (Patricia), Yap, E.P.H. (Eric), Yong, Z-Y. (Ze-Yie), Pajnič, I.Z. (Irena Zupanič), Kayser, M.H. (Manfred), Ballantyne, K. (Kaye), Ralf, A. (Arwin), Aboukhalid, R. (Rachid), Achakzai, N.M. (Niaz), Anjos, T. (Tania), Ayub, Q. (Qasim), Balažic, J. (Jože), Ballantyne, J. (Jack), Ballard, D.J. (David), Berger, B. (Burkhard), Bobillo, C. (Cecilia), Bouabdellah, M. (Mehdi), Burri, H. (Helen), Capal, T. (Tomas), Caratti, S. (Stefano), Cárdenas, J. (Jorge), Cartault, F. (François), Carvalho, E.F. (Elizeu), Carvalho, M. (Margarete) de, Cheng, B. (Baowen), Coble, M.D. (Michael), Comas, D. (David), Corach, D. (Daniel), D'Amato, M. (Mauro), Davison, S. (Sean), Knijff, P. (Peter) de, Ungria, M.C.A. (Maria Corazon) de, Decorte, R. (Ronny), Dobosz, T. (Tadeusz), Dupuy, B.M. (Berit), Elmrghni, S. (Samir), Gliwiński, M. (Mateusz), Gomes, S.C. (Sara), Grol, L. (Laurens), Haas, C. (Cordula), Hanson, E. (Erin), Henke, J. (Jürgen), Henke, L. (Lotte), Herrera-Rodríguez, F. (Fabiola), Hill, C.R. (Carolyn), Holmlund, G. (Gunilla), Honda, K. (Katsuya), Immel, U.-D. (Uta-Dorothee), Inokuchi, S. (Shota), Jobling, R., Kaddura, M. (Mahmoud), Kim, J.S. (Jong), Kim, S.H. (Soon), Kim, W. (Wook), King, T.E. (Turi), Klausriegler, E. (Eva), Kling, D. (Daniel), Kovačević, L. (Lejla), Kovatsi, L. (Leda), Krajewski, P. (Paweł), Kravchenko, S. (Sergey), Larmuseau, M.H.D. (Maarten), Lee, E.Y. (Eun Young), Lessig, R. (Rüdiger), Livshits, L.A. (Ludmila), Marjanović, D. (Damir), Minarik, M. (Marek), Mizuno, N. (Natsuko), Moreira, H. (Helena), Morling, N. (Niels), Mukherjee, M. (Meeta), Munier, P. (Patrick), Nagaraju, J. (Javaregowda), Neuhuber, F. (Franz), Nie, S. (Shengjie), Nilasitsataporn, P. (Premlaphat), Nishi, T. (Takeki), Oh, H.H. (Hye), Olofsson, S. (Sylvia), Onofri, V. (Valerio), Palo, J. (Jukka), Pamjav, H. (Horolma), Parson, W. (Walther), Petlach, M. (Michal), Phillips, C. (Christopher), Ploski, R. (Rafal), Prasad, S.P.R. (Samayamantri P.), Primorac, D. (Dragan), Purnomo, G.A. (Gludhug), Purps, J. (Josephine), Rangel-Villalobos, H. (Hector), Reogonekbała, K. (Krzysztof), Rerkamnuaychoke, B. (Budsaba), Gonzalez, D.R. (Danel Rey), Robino, C. (Carlo), Roewer, L. (Lutz), Rosa, A. (Anna) de, Sajantila, A. (Antti), Sala, A. (Andrea), Salvador, J.M. (Jazelyn), Sanz, P. (Paula), Schmitt, C. (Christian), Sharma, A.K. (Anisha K.), Silva, D.A. (Dayse), Shin, K.-J. (Kyoung-Jin), Sijen, T. (Titia), Sirker, M. (Miriam), Siváková, D. (Daniela), Škaro, V. (Vedrana), Solano-Matamoros, C. (Carlos), Souto, L. (L.), Stenzl, V. (Vlastimil), Sudoyo, H. (Herawati), Syndercombe-Court, D. (Denise), Tagliabracci, A. (Adriano), Taylor, D. (Duncan), Tillmar, A. (Andreas), Tsybovsky, I.S. (Iosif), Tyler-Smith, C. (Chris), Gaag, K. (Kristiaan) van der, Vanek, D. (Daniel), Völgyi, A. (Antónia), Ward, D. (Denise), Willemse, P. (Patricia), Yap, E.P.H. (Eric), Yong, Z-Y. (Ze-Yie), Pajnič, I.Z. (Irena Zupanič), and Kayser, M.H. (Manfred)

Abstract

Relevant for various areas of human genetics, Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) are commonly used for testing close paternal relationships among individuals and populations, and for male lineage identification. However, even the widely used 17-loci Yfiler set cannot resolve individuals and populations completely. Here, 52 centers generated quality-controlled data of 13 rapidly mutating (RM) Y-STRs in 14,644 related and unrelated males from 111 worldwide populations. Strikingly, >99% of the 12,272 unrelated males were completely individualized. Haplotype diversity was extremely high (global: 0.9999985, regional: 0.99836-0.9999988). Haplotype sharing between populations was almost absent except for six (0.05%) of the 12,156 haplotypes. Haplotype sharing within populations was generally rare (0.8% nonunique haplotypes), significantly lower in urban (0.9%) than rural (2.1%) and highest in endogamous groups (14.3%). Analysis

Published
2014
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