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Background. The significance of the problem of treatment of acute pancreatitis is due to an increase in the incidence with an increase in the number of necrotizing forms, accompanied by a high incidence of severe complications and high mortality.Objective. To identify the impact of regionally used extracellular microvesicles of mesenchymal stromal cells on the endogenous intoxication markers in acute necrotizing pancreatitis in the experiment.Material and methods. Acute pancreatitis was induced by the introduction of a 0.3 ml of 5% solution of non-ionic polyethylene glycol octylphenol ether detergent into the caudal part of the rat pancreas. The study was conducted on 42 adult Wistar rats, which were randomly divided into 4 groups. Group I (n=6) included intact animals, Group II (control group) (n=12) included rats with pancreatitis without treatment, Group III (n=12) consisted of rats with pancreatitis treated with analgesia + infusions of 0.9% sodium chloride solution (saline), Group IV (n=12) included rats with pancreatitis treated with analgesia+ saline infusions + regional application of extracellular microvesicles of mesenchymal stromal cells. Cells were obtained from the bone marrow of healthy animals. Microvesicles were obtained by differential centrifugation under sterile conditions. Microvesicles were administered one day after the pancreatitis induction through the catheter installed into the pathologically altered part of the pancreas. The dose of microvesicles was calculated as equivalent to (derived from) 1 million mesenchymal stromal cells. The hematological parameters, markers of the systemic manifestation of the pathological process (alpha-amylase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase), the endogenous intoxication markers (lipid peroxidation activity, nitric oxide level), the systemic inflammatory response markers (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6) were studied on the 3rd and 7th day from the start of disease modeling.Results. Regional use of extracellular microvesicles of mesenchymal stromal cells in the treatment of acute experimental necrotizing pancreatitis at an early stage helped to normalize the level of blood platelets, reduce enzymeemia, elements of endogenous intoxication (interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha), and the nitric oxide level.Conclusion. The early application of extracellular microvesicles of mesenchymal stromal cells in the treatment of acute necrotizing pancreatitis in an experiment has a positive effect on parameters, which are key links of pathogenesis and leading markers of this disease severity.

Background. The significance of the problem of acute pancreatitis is due to an increase in the incidence with an increase in the number of common forms of pancreatic necrosis, accompanied by a high incidence of severe complications.Aim. To determine the effect of regional application of mesenchymal stromal cells on the systemic manifestations of severe acute experimental pancreatitis.Material and methods. This experimental study was carried out on 42 adults Wistar rats. Acute pancreatitis was induced by administering 0.3 ml of 5% solution of non-ionic polyethylene glycol octylphenol ether detergent into the caudal part of the pancreas. The animals were randomly divided into 4 groups: Group I (n=6) consisting of intact animals, Group II (control group) (n=12) of rats with untreated pancreatitis, Group III (n=12) of rats with pancreatitis treated: anesthesia + infusions of 0.9% sodium chloride solution (saline), and Group IV (n=12) of rats with pancreatitis treated: anesthesia + infusions of saline + regional application of mesenchymal stromal cells. Animals were taken out of the experiment by euthanasia on the 3rd and 7th day. The hematological parameters, markers of systemic manifestation of the pathological process (pancreatic amylase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, urea, creatinine), markers of endogenous intoxication (lipid peroxidation activity, nitric oxide level), markers of systemic inflammatory response (C-reactive protein, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6) have been evaluated.Results. The application of mesenchymal stromal cells in the early stages of acute pancreatitis made a favourable effect on the platelet count, the level of glycemia, helped to reduce the content of endogenous intoxication elements (malonic dialdehyde, nitric oxide) and of those of the systemic inflammatory response (interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, C-reactive protein), which are key links in the pathogenesis of severe acute pancreatitis.Conclusion. Comparison of different treatment regimens for acute experimental pancreatitis has shown that the early use of mesenchymal stromal cells has a systemic positive effect and confirms the therapeutic efficacy of the method in the treatment of this disease.

The leaf surface micromorphology and the size of the stomatal complex of hybrids in the eighth seed generation from the crossing of ×Trititrigia cziczinii × Elymus farctus (f11814) on the wheat-like wheat-wheatgrass hybrid w107 were investigated by performing scanning electron microscopy of frozen samples (cryoSEM). The micromorphological characteristics of the paternal plants (w107) were dominant in the hybrid leaves. Costal long cells with silicified wavy walls, characteristic of w107 but absent in the mother plants f11814 and E. farctus, were observed in all hybrid samples examined. Conversely, shield-shaped prickles, a characteristic feature of E. farctus, were retained only in some hybrids. In addition, the maternal feature of Ω-shaped junctions of long epidermal cells in the intercostal zone was completely absent in hybrids. Quantitative parameters of the stomatal apparatus showed a weak correlation with micromorphological markers. Stomatal density on the adaxial side was inversely correlated with stomatal size, while variation in these parameters on the abaxial side occurred independently. The prevalence of paternal micromorphological traits in the hybrids seems to be a consequence of the elimination of genetic material from E. farctus, analogous to the loss of chromosomes from wild species observed in other distant crosses.

As part of the project “The Tree of Cultural-Historical Psychology” an interview with Boris Danilovich Elkonin is presented — Doctor of Psychology, Professor, Head of the Laboratory “Psychology of the Junior Schoolchild” of the Psychological Institute of the Russian Academy of Education, editor-in-chief of the journal “Cultural-Historical Psychology”.

Purpose: The COVID-19 crisis experience is shaping new guidelines for learning activities that need to be developed from an interdisciplinary and holistic perspective based on the analysis and assessment of potential impacts and social expectations. Design/methodology/approach: The research is devoted to the study of modern e-learning challenges in the context of social distance, the analysis of learning experience, problems and opportunities associated with online learning. The research was carried out at the "Blinded for peer review" and involved 300 graduate students. A qualitative method based on a two-step process was used in the study. The discussion allowed participants to discuss and compare personal learning experiences primarily related to the COVID-19 crisis. Findings: The results of the study demonstrated that online learning is an efficient tool for the development of hard skills while being less effective for the improvement of soft skills; they also allowed us to identify important aspects of professional personnel training which should be taken into account while developing a strategy for harmonizing on-campus and online education with the diversification of curricula by various pedagogical technologies and digital tools, as well as bringing social interactions into classroom activities. Originality/value: Due to the fact that most study participants were technical and economic students, it was concluded that the e-learning format is an effective methodology for the development of technical and digital skills of students.

Relevance. Trititrigia (×Trititrigia cziczinii Tzvel.) this is a new synthetic grain feed crop. The modern collection of the Department of Remote hybridization of the GBS RAS has more than 250 promising samples with a number of economically valuable features. The unique ability of trititrigia in one year to produce a stable yield of high-quality grain (3.0-3.2 t/ha) and nutritious green fodder (27.7-35.1 t/ha) allows us to recommend it for cultivation in regions with unfavorable cultivation conditions for grain crops. Promising samples should be used as donors of valuable traits in breeding for quality and adaptability in order to obtain modern high-quality and adaptive wheat varietiesMaterial and methods. The research was carried out in the Department of Remote Hybridization of the N.V. Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow region, village of Rozhdestveno) in 2008-2016. The objects of research were: promising long-term and grain-feed lines of trititrigia of the collection of MBG RAS. All samples of trititrigia were obtained in the department of distant hybridization in different years.Results. As a result of the research, it was found that the studied samples are stable lines with a characteristic feature for trititrigia to ripen from top to bottom, the ability to grow in one place for 2- 3 years under favorable conditions, as well as the ability to regenerate after harvesting for grain or mowing for green mass, unique for cultivated cereals. The studied samples have a productive bushi- ness of 8-20 stems per plant. The length of the main ear consistently exceeds the Moscow winter wheat standard 39 and averages 12-13 cm, in which 41 to 97 grains are formed. The grain yield in the competitive variety testing during the research was 3.2-4.1 t/ha, the mass of 1000 grains was 30.1-39.8 g. The Pamyati Lubimovoy variety, selected for a number of economically valuable characteris- tics, passed State registration and became the first trititrigia variety registered in the territory of the Russian Federation.

Relevance. In terms of the richness of colors, shapes and sizes of inflorescences and relative unpretentiousness during cultivation, as well as the duration of flowering of a dahlia, the cultural has no equal. Basically, this flower crop is grown in the open field and used for landscaping areas. Dahlias, due to their decorative properties, are a promising crop for cutting. But the growth in the volume of industrial cultivation of cut dahlias has long been constrained by two negative factors - the low life expectancy of cut flowers, and the fact that not all varieties of cultivated dahlias are suitable for cultivation in greenhouses. Therefore, the search for varieties that meet the aforementioned properties is an especially urgent task.Material and methods. The material for the study was 10 varieties of Dahlia × cultorum Dutch selection. They belong to different groups of dahlias – spherical: Souvenir d'Eté, The Voice, Jowey Winnie; decorative – Orion, Café au Lait, Fleurel, Karma Choc and pompom dahlias: Little William, Cornel Bronze, Petra's Wedding, All tubers were planted in phytotron beds. Phenological observations of plants were carried out according to the Methodology of State Variety Testing of Ornamental Crops. During the growing season, the following indicators were determined: the onset of phenological phases of development, the dynamics of plant growth, the number and size of inflorescences, the length of the peduncle, the duration of flowering.Results. It was found that all the studied varieties of cultural dahlias have a high decorative effect and are suitable for growing for cutting in greenhouse conditions. Growing plants in a phytotron allows you to get a high-quality cut almost two months ahead of time, as well as have a longer and more abundant flowering. It was found that the Café au Lait cultivar is not entirely suitable for cut cultivation in greenhouses or requires the development of cultivation technology that is individual for this cultivar. It was found that the Fleurel variety surpasses other studied varieties in terms of decorativeness, inflorescence size, peduncle length, onset time and flowering duration. A significant disadvantage of the variety is its high growth and fragility of the peduncles. The most popular cut varieties were Fleurel, Petra's Wedding, Jowey Winnie and Little William. It was found that the studied varieties of cultural dahlias were distinguished not only by high decorativeness, but also by high durability in a vase from 5 to 7 days.

Relevance. When forcing tulips in the early spring period in conditions of protected soil, the effectiveness of fertilizers has not been sufficiently studied. Manufacturers and suppliers of planting material do not give clear recommendations on the timing and doses of the use of mineral fertilizers in the distillation process.Material and methods. The object of study was 6 varieties of tulips of the Dutch selection of the mid-early flowering period. In the experiment, a "9-degree distillation technology"was used. For mineral fertilizing of tulips, a solution of calcium nitrate – Ca(NO3)2 was used in concentrations of 0.1% and 0,2%. The repetition of the experience is fourfold. To assess the effect of fertilizing on the growth and development of tulips, the dynamics of changes in biomorphological indicators was studied: the height of the plants, the diameter of the flower, the mass of cut flowers, as well as the output of commercial products. Results. It was found that the use of calcium nitrate fertilization at a concentration of 0,2% at the early stages of plant development contributes to the formation of a larger cut in the studied varieties, characterized by a high strong stem exceeding the control by 3,83-43,8%, the formation of large peduncles with a diameter of 3,24-5,85 cm and an increase in the yield of marketable products reaching 98%. The profitability of this variant of applying calcium nitrate fertilizing is on average 42% for varieties.Results. It was found that the use of calcium nitrate fertilization at a concentration of 0,2% at the early stages of plant development contributes to the formation of a larger cut in the studied varieties, characterized by a high strong stem exceeding the control by 3,83- 43,8%, the formation of large peduncles with a diameter of 3,24-5,85 cm and an increase in the yield of marketable products reaching 98%. The profitability of this variant of applying calcium nitrate fertilizing is on average 42% for varieties.

The overview presents the literature data and the results of our own research on prospects of using the chicken eggs as the basis of functional foods. The composition of chicken eggs and their components, characteristics of egg white proteins properties are presented thereto. The biologically active compounds included into egg composition are analyzed. The data on the biological value of egg white are given. The characteristic of egg white foaming ability is presented. It has been shown that the ability of proteins to form stable intermolecular structures, especially with partially denaturated proteins, allows them forming viscoelastic superficial films that ensure foam stability. The high foaming ability of chicken egg protein macromolecules is directly related to their interphase properties, i. e. the ability to form interphase layers at the “liquid — gas” interface. The foaming properties of the various egg proteins are not equal, and therefore they contribute to foaming properties at various extents. The model of egg white proteins gelation is considered and the factors influencing the gelation process are described. It has been shown that very important changes in proteins properties are caused by denaturation. The proteins lose their ability to hydrate; the protective aqueous shell around the globules disappears, the proteins stick together, grow larger and lose solubility. This process is called coagulation. The influence of denaturation and aggregation on variations of protein properties is described below. Data on protein fortification with functional ingredients (calcium, iodine, plant polyphenols) and creation of functional egg and meat foods are presented here.

The genetic platforms of Deinococcus species remain the only systems in which massive ionizing radiation (IR)-induced genome damage can be investigated in vivo at exposures commensurate with cellular survival. We report the whole genome sequence of the extremely IR-resistant rod-shaped bacterium Deinococcus ficus KS 0460 and its phenotypic characterization. Deinococcus ficus KS 0460 has been studied since 1987, first under the name Deinobacter grandis, then Deinococcus grandis. The D. ficus KS 0460 genome consists of a 4.019 Mbp sequence (69.7% GC content and 3894 predicted genes) divided into six genome partitions, five of which are confirmed to be circular. Circularity was determined manually by mate pair linkage. Approximately 76% of the predicted proteins contained identifiable Pfam domains and 72% were assigned to COGs. Of all D. ficus KS 0460 proteins, 79% and 70% had homologues in Deinococcus radiodurans ATCC BAA-816 and Deinococcus geothermalis DSM 11300, respectively. The most striking differences between D. ficus KS 0460 and D. radiodurans BAA-816 identified by the comparison of the KEGG pathways were as follows: (i) D. ficus lacks nine enzymes of purine degradation present in D. radiodurans, and (ii) D. ficus contains eight enzymes involved in nitrogen metabolism, including nitrate and nitrite reductases, that D. radiodurans lacks. Moreover, genes previously considered to be important to IR resistance are missing in D. ficus KS 0460, namely, for the Mn-transporter nramp, and proteins DdrF, DdrJ and DdrK, all of which are also missing in Deinococcus deserti. Otherwise, D. ficus KS 0460 exemplifies the Deinococcus lineage.

The aim of the review is to provide an analysis and generalization of the main directions of research in the sphere of pharmaceutical services, and their characteristics associated with the determination of their main development trends.Materials and methods. For the analysis, the information store on the basis of scientific publications by Russian and foreign scientists, devoted to research in the field of pharmaceutical services (PSs), has been used. The search for publications was carried out in the open and accessible sources of the latest twenty years (the retrospective period of 2001-2021), located in scientific and technical libraries of institutions, as well as in electronic databases: Elibrary, Medline / PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Cyberleninka, Google-academy, J-stage. When forming the information array, the search for publications was carried out according to the following requests: pharmaceutical services (pharmaceutical care services), the provision of pharmaceutical services, the quality of pharmaceutical services. For the conceptualization of the study, 87 scientific publications obtained as a result of information retrieval, have been used.Results. In the course of the study, a logical and structural analysis of the main directions in which research in the field of providing PSs in our country is developing, has been carried out. The main trends in the study of the providing services’ activity in the sphere of drug circulation, are characterized. A comprehensive analysis of the category of "pharmaceutical service" has been carried out. The terminological content of this concept, the groups of features characterizing the economic and social essence of educational institutions have been generalized, and the most characteristic features that make up the structure and content of educational institutions, have been identified. The existing approaches to the development of the nomenclature and types of PSs have been analyzed and the systematization of pharmaceutical works and services using the process approach, have been proposed by the authors.Conclusion. The conducted study indicates the presence of several directions in the development of research in the field of providing PSs, aimed at improving the quality of services for the population in pharmaceutical organizations. However, the most important role in the research is assigned to the study and assessment of the quality of educational institutions, the development of approaches to its optimization. As evidenced by the results of the analysis and generalization, the most successful activity in the provision of services in the field of drug circulation requires the implementation of a process approach and the implementation of Quality Management Systems (QMSs).

Relevance. The specifics of the fresh cut flowers market in the Russian Federation is such, that 85-100% of the total volume of flowers sold is imported. The most popular flowers among Russian consumers are roses (up to 60% in the total share of fresh flowers), chrysanthemums and carnations, all of which require certain growing conditions. Recently, the market of local seasonal flowers has begun to develop, the main players in which are small farms or household plots. Material and methods. This article presents the data about market analysis of fresh cut flowers in Russia for the last five years (2015-2020). For this analysis were used the methods applied in economics. The main information database of this research includes data from official state statistics; open data from analytical centers; federal and regional regulations; data from the Federal agency for technical regulation and Metrology; reference materials of specialized data on research field; data from industry-specific portals; sites; articles and reviews written by producers of fresh cut flowers in Russia and worldwide. Results. Russia is one of the top six importers of fresh cut flowers in the world. The most popular flower among Russian consumers is a rose. There is not much suitable soil and climatic conditions in Russia for growing it on a commercial scale in the open ground. In 2018-2019 according to Rosstat data the number of flowers, grown for cutting in Russia, was estimated 263,3 billion pieces. However, now Russian flower producers are not able to meet domestic demand for fresh flowers, so there is no almost export.

Relevance. Morphological features of 10 sorts of tulips in the conditions of early-spring forcing explored. An assessment of the influence of tulip bulb preplanting on the rate of plant growth and development as well as final product yield (cut flowers) taken. Material and methods. 10 varieties of tulips of early and middle-early flowering period: Algarve (DHT), Аvocado (TT), Crispion Sweet (FT), Davenport (FT), Destination (TT), Double Price (DVT), Luba (TT), Surrender (TT), Largo (DVT) и Snowboard (TT) were selected as objects of study. Country of origin - Netherlands. Before planting one part of tulip bulbs were completely peeled of cover scale and the other part were left unpeeled. Each variant of bulb preparation for bedding were evaluated by growth and development rate of plants, as well as the number of cut flowers on the plot. During the growing season, we studied the following morphological characteristics: plant height, flower diameter, flower height, number of leaves. Results. Studies conducted have found that all varieties under research are suitable to early spring forcing and they differ in decorativeness and fully correspond to saleable quality standards. It was found out that in case of complete removing of cover scale, the tulip bulbs root faster, start to bloom faster and give much higher percentage of flowering plants in the plots in comparison with unpeeled samples.

The changes in the amino and fatty acid profiles in the semifinished foodstuffs (SFFs) based on broiler meat and coagulated chicken egg melange after different types of thermal treatment (water or steam boiling, braising, baking, frying) were studied. The amino acid profiles were determined on Knauer analyzer; tryptophan by standard method. The biological value of the treated products was assessed using amino acid balance coefficients calculated by the method of N. N. Lipatov. It was found that the changes in the initial amino acid profiles of the SFFs were the least after water and steam boiling; braising and baking were found to increase the contents of the essential amino acids. The amino acid profiles in the treated SFFs were close to the reference values. The best criteria of their biological value (coefficient of rationality of amino acid composition, comparable redundance) were found after water and steam boiling. It was found that all types of thermal treatments insignificantly affected the parameters of fatty acid balance within the SFFs; the changes found were primarily related to slight increase in total content of saturated fatty acids and increase in total content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in compare to initial profiles, by 2.64–3.88% depending on the treatment type. The changes in ω‑6/ω‑3 PUFAs ratios were more substantial especially after braising

Implementing the provisions of the State Program for the Development of Agriculture and the regulation of agricultural products, raw materials and food markets, the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation annually monitors the gross collection and evaluation of commodity and consumer quality of grain harvested in the current year. In the current paper there has been carried out an estimation of the gross yield and productivity of winter rye; there has been characterized a ratio of the volumes of the produced food grain and non-food (feed) grain. There has been given an information on grain according to their classes and quality indicators, which allows quickly generating batches of grain balances, in order to make a balanced decision on the volume of grain export or import, on introducing grain into the state intervention fund, on a rational use of grain resources, both inside Bryansk region, and the country as a whole. It is possible to build a reliable grain balance on the basis of the monitoring results of the grain quality of the new yield in the scope of studies of composite samples taken from at least 50% of the gross yield.

ABSTRACT Denham Harman’s oxidative damage theory identifies superoxide (O2•−) radicals as central agents of aging and radiation injury, with Mn2+-dependent superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) as the principal O2•−-scavenger. However, in the radiation-resistant nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme MnSOD is dispensable for longevity, and in the model bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans, it is dispensable for radiation resistance. Many radiation-resistant organisms accumulate small-molecule Mn2+-antioxidant complexes well-known for their catalytic ability to scavenge O2•−, along with MnSOD, as exemplified by D. radiodurans. Here, we report experiments that relate the MnSOD and Mn-antioxidant content to aging and oxidative stress resistances and which indicate that C. elegans, like D. radiodurans, may rely on Mn-antioxidant complexes as the primary defense against reactive oxygen species (ROS). Wild-type and ΔMnSOD D. radiodurans and C. elegans were monitored for gamma radiation sensitivities over their life spans while gauging Mn2+-antioxidant content by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, a powerful new approach to determining the in vivo Mn-antioxidant content of cells as they age. As with D. radiodurans, MnSOD is dispensable for radiation survivability in C. elegans, which hyperaccumulates Mn-antioxidants exceptionally protective of proteins. Unexpectedly, ΔMnSOD mutants of both the nematodes and bacteria exhibited increased gamma radiation survival compared to the wild-type. In contrast, the loss of MnSOD renders radiation-resistant bacteria sensitive to atmospheric oxygen during desiccation. Our results support the concept that the disparate responses to oxidative stress are explained by the accumulation of Mn-antioxidant complexes which protect, complement, and can even supplant MnSOD. IMPORTANCE The current theory of cellular defense against oxidative damage identifies antioxidant enzymes as primary defenders against ROS, with MnSOD being the preeminent superoxide (O2•−) scavenger. However, MnSOD is shown to be dispensable both for radiation resistance and longevity in model organisms, the bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Measured by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, small-molecule Mn-antioxidant content was shown to decline in unison with age-related decreases in cell proliferation and radioresistance, which again are independent of MnSOD presence. Most notably, the Mn-antioxidant content of C. elegans drops precipitously in the last third of its life span, which links with reports that the steady-state level of oxidized proteins increases exponentially during the last third of the life span in animals. This leads us to propose that global responses to oxidative stress must be understood through an extended theory that includes small-molecule Mn-antioxidants as potent O2•−-scavengers that complement, and can even supplant, MnSOD.

The aim of the study is a theoretical justification and development of a mechanism for the implementation of quality management systems (QMS) in the activities of retail trade in pharmaceutical products.Materials and methods. The study is based on the analysis of scientific literature data and Analytical Normative Documents regulating various aspects of QMS functioning in pharmaceutical organizations. Methods of documentary content analysis of international and national ISO standards, Series 9000, were used as the basis for the development and implementation of QMS organizations despite the type of their activities.Results. In the course of the study, the organization of the production process has been studied and the main production (business-) operations of seven structural subdivisions of “Apteka-Alex” LLC in Angarsk have been analyzed. The basic principles of QMS functioning are set forth and the author’s methodology for its development for retail trade in pharmaceutical products has been presented, taking into account the specifics of the organizational structure and production activities of pharmacy organizations. The mechanisms and successive stages of the QMS implementation have been specified and given grounds for. In accordance with the requirements of GOST R ISO 9000:2015, the definitions and classification of the main production operations (business processes) of the studied pharmacies have been made up. In addition, the list of mandatory (core) and basic standard operating procedures (SOPs), detailing the main production (business-) processes, has been made up, and an algorithm for developing and testing SOPs has been outlined.Conclusion. The results of the study allowed us to justify and propose a step-by-step methods of QMS implementation into the work of pharmaceutical organizations in the retail sector. The first results of the approbation and use of the developed methodology show that it contributes to the rational construction and functioning of the QMS, in accordance with the requirements of the existing standards, as well as the optimization of administrative management of all production (business-) processes.

The article highlights the importance of exploring comforting strategies in the context of the modern social situation of development in young people. The authors emphasize its dramatic negative effect on young people’s mental health and describe current trends in psychological research to resist destructive social processes and to value comforting, compassion and self-compassion strategies as important for psychological well-being. The article presents a modification of F. Vasilyuk and E. Sheryagina’s Comforting Strategies Technique. The key element of the modification is a new methodology of data processing which relies on the concept of social support and the reflection and activity approach to dealing with learning challenges. The authors discuss outcomes of a validation study which used independent expert ratings and correlation analysis on a sample of 282 subjects that included school and college students, students of university programmes in psychology and teacher training, practicing psychologists and IT-specialists. The modified technique can be used to carry out differentiated evaluation of the support quality in different age and professional groups by identifying the correlation between the types of support differing in the efficacy to normalize emotional state and to create conditions for the development of mind.

Studies on fungicides’ effect on new varieties and lines of winter triticum-wheatgrass hybrids and winter triticale were conducted in the conditions of the Central zone of the Russian Federation. The results showed that the preparations Alto Super, CE and Falcon, CE effectively cope with the suppression of brown leaf rust on new varieties in the dosages recommended by manufacturers. They allow to reduce the prevalence of brown rust by 15.2-35.6%, the development degree of the disease - by 9.9-18.0%. The spread of septoria decreases by 7.7-8.8%, the intensity of plant damage - by 1.0-2.2%. The use of these preparations allowed to increase crop yields by 1.2-1.7 times compared to the option with no fungicidal treatments.

We present a review of recent empirical studies of different family factors influencing the development of empathy in children and adolescents that confirm the close relationship between empathy and attachment in adolescents. Parental sensitivity to the child’s condition proves to be the basis for secure attachment and empathy development during adolescence. Parenting style is considered as one of the most important factors influencing the development of empathy and the formation of secure attachment. We describe J. Stern’s conceptual model linking empathy and attachment, and the results of empirical studies confirming this model. Conclusions: the quality of attachment and empathy in adolescents are linked; parenting style mediates and defines this link between empathy and attachment; empathy and attachment have a common phylogenetic ground, that is, parental sensitivity to the child’s moods and needs. Psychoeducation with parents or couples planning to have children should be aimed at developing the ability to form a secure attachment with a child.

Lymphotoxin-α (LTA) is a major pro-inflammatory cytokine produced at the early stages of vascular inflammation, taking part in the formation of arterial atherosclerosis and development of coronary heart disease. Functional changes in the gene encoding LTA production may influence the development of coronary heart disease with unfavorable progression. However, studies for associations between rs1041981 (C-804A) LTA gene variant and development of acute cerebrovascular accidents, myocardial infarction, and severity of coronary atherosclerosis have yielded contradictory results. The purpose of our study was to investigate an association of rs1041981 gene LTA with risk of adverse events within five years of follow-up in the patients with acute coronary syndrome without ST elevation ST (nonST-ACS). 178 patients with nonST-ACS from the Kemerovo Cardiology Center Registry were included into the study. Genotyping of rs1041981 site variable LTA gene was performed by TaqMan technique using an “iCycler iQ” device (BIO-RAD, USA). Results: we have found that the A allele and A/A genotype polymorphism in LTA gene (rs1041981) have been associated with development of adverse cardiovascular events over five years of observation (respective p levels were 0.02 and 0.036). In patients with A/A genotype, the rs1041981 polymorphism in LTA gene was associated with 3.8-fold increase in adverse cardiovascular events, compared to patients having A/C or C/C genotype. Carriage of A allele in LTA gene (rs1041981) doubles the risk of adverse cardiovascular events in patients with nonST-ACS at long observation terms. By means of Kaplan-Meier method, we have determined that survival to the first endpoint occurred more often in carriers of the genotype A/A of LTA gene (rs1041981). The A/A genotype of LTA gene (rs1041981) proved to be more significant (p = 0.016) for development of adverse outcomes, when combining the patients with A/C and C/C genotypes. One may draw a conclusion that A allele and A/A genotype of rs1041981 LTA polymorphism is associated with development of adverse cardiovascular events during the five-year period following the index event in patients with nonST-ACS.

The article is devoted to the study of the relationship between empathy and learning activity position in adolescence and young. We present the results of empirical research of 78 assisting professions students (psychologists and teachers) and 42 Polytechnic College students with the techniques of studying empathic abilities (questionnaire of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index of M. Davis in the adaptation of TD Karyagina, projective technique "Consolation Strategies" Vasiluk and EV Sheryagina, processing in the modification of AB Kholmogorova), and the the subject position (the questionnaire "Subject Position in studying activity" by Yu.V. Zaretsky and V.K. Zaretsky). Students less likely to use emotional support, the objective position is more clearly expressed and less subjective in relation to learning activity. Subjects with a subjective learning activity position have stronger empathy, perspective taking and the ability to provide support. Subjects with a subject position often use emotional support.

We present the results of the study of the relationship between empathy and the quality of interpersonal relations in adolescents and students. Interpersonal relations are operationalized through attachment styles — secure, anxious—preoccupied and avoiding. We review studies of the impact of attachment on empathy development. The present study involved 169 people, including school, college, and university students. We used the Interpersonal Reactivity Index by M. Davis and forced-choice attachment paragraphs by C. Hazan and F. Shaver. Students with secure attachment have the lowest level of personal distress. Empathic concern and the perspective taking indicators are higher in the ambivalent attachment group in comparison with the avoidantly attached students. It is concluded that avoidance of intimacy with other people is accompanied by less pronounced empathy than striving for intimacy and a simultaneous fear of rejection.

Abstract The genetic platforms of Deinococcus species remain the only systems in which massive ionizing radiation (IR)-induced genome damage can be investigated in vivo at exposures commensurate with cellular survival. We report the whole genome sequence of the extremely IR-resistant rod-shaped bacterium Deinococcus ficus KS 0460 and its phenotypic characterization. Deinococcus ficus KS 0460 has been studied since 1987, first under the name Deinobacter grandis, then Deinococcus grandis. The D. ficus KS 0460 genome consists of a 4.019 Mbp sequence (69.7% GC content and 3894 predicted genes) divided into six genome partitions, five of which are confirmed to be circular. Circularity was determined manually by mate pair linkage. Approximately 76% of the predicted proteins contained identifiable Pfam domains and 72% were assigned to COGs. Of all D. ficus KS 0460 proteins, 79% and 70% had homologues in Deinococcus radiodurans ATCC BAA-816 and Deinococcus geothermalis DSM 11300, respectively. The most striking differences between D. ficus KS 0460 and D. radiodurans BAA-816 identified by the comparison of the KEGG pathways were as follows: (i) D. ficus lacks nine enzymes of purine degradation present in D. radiodurans, and (ii) D. ficus contains eight enzymes involved in nitrogen metabolism, including nitrate and nitrite reductases, that D. radiodurans lacks. Moreover, genes previously considered to be important to IR resistance are missing in D. ficus KS 0460, namely, for the Mn-transporter nramp, and proteins DdrF, DdrJ and DdrK, all of which are also missing in Deinococcus deserti. Otherwise, D. ficus KS 0460 exemplifies the Deinococcus lineage.

The article discusses the connection between the phenomena of empathy and subjectivity from the standpoint of cultural and historical psychology (L.S. Vygotsky) and the reflexive-activity approach (V.K. Zaretsky and others). We conduct a meth- odological analysis of the sources of empathic abilities and subjectivity (sense of agency, intentionality) in anthropogenesis (M. Tomasello), investigate the common roots of these phenomena in the development of dialogical thinking in ontogenesis (C. Fernyhough), and postulate a hypothesis on the interrelation of their higher, mature forms. We present the results of the empirical study of empathy and subjec- tivity in university and college students (N=154). In the group of university students, the relationship between empathic ability, perspective taking, emotional support and position of agency in learning is revealed. College students have a lower level of em- pathic abilities and a greater degree of objective (passive) and negative positions in the learning activity, their position of agency is weakly connected to perspective tak- ing and shows a significant negative correlation with personal distress. Conclusion: students with a more pronounced subjective position (stronger sense of agency) have a stronger empathic ability, which confirms the initial hypothesis. This article was prepared with the financial support of a grant from the Russian Science Foundation (grant № 14-18-03461) at the Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology under the Ministry of Public Health of the Russian Federation.

The article investigates the influence of modern means of communication on the development of empathy in adolescents and young adults.The article contains an analytical overview of current research in this area with the fixation of the contradictory findings about the nature of virtual communication influence on empathic ability in adolescents and young adults.We propose that the balance of virtual communication and direct contact plays leading role for the development of social cognition.The article presents study results of indicators of severity of empathy in adolescents and universities students according to channels of communication with other people they prefer – face-to-face contact, social networking, phone, Skype and various sites on the Internet.The study involved 170 people of Moscow's educational institutions (colleges, schools and universities), which offers a questionnaire aimed at identifying the preferred communication channels, as well as the technique of "Interpersonal Reactivity Index" M.Davis tests the empathic abilities.The main conclusions are made on the basis of the data: most of today's adolescents and university students from all channels of communication prefer face-to-face communication; they differ from those who prefer to communicate in social networks, higher rates of empathic abilities. This article was prepared with the financial support of the Russian Science Foundation (project N 14-18-03461) on the base of Federal State Budgetary Institution «V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Narcology» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.

This article is devoted to the validation of Social Avoidance and Distress Scale — SADS (D. Watson, R. Friend, 1969) and a Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale — BFNE (Leary, MR, 1983) — two questionnaires for the study of social anxiety in the modern adolescent sample. 246 students of Moscow schools and colleges were involved in the study. It has been shown that the sex and age factors do not affect social anxiety, test responses are normally distributed. Standard intervals were identified for both questionnaires. Both questionnaires also showed high internal consistency and internal validity. In order to test the external validity of the questionnaires part of the sample filled out M. Kovac’s childhood depression and A.M. Prihozhan’s trait anxiety scales, previously validated in Russian adolescent samples. The resulting correlations confirm the external validity of the scales. This article was prepared with the financial support of a grant from the Russian Science Foundation (grant № 14-18-03461) at the Federal Medical Research Centre of Psy- chiatry and Narcology under the Ministry of Public Health of the Russian Federation.

The article considers the main fields and onotogenetic development processes of men- talization and empathy. The neural measures and psychological studies results show that there is an active formation process of mentalization and empathy in adolescence. The article highlights the disputable character of the results of modern studies of social cognition in adolescence. The neural measures require further interpretation. The differences in mechanisms of empathy and mentalization are discussed, specifically the order of empathy components (cognitive or emotionally) forming in the onotogenetic development process. The various results of studies showing the proximity of these processes and prove their relative independence (including at the level of neural networks). The article contains the evidence that strong mentalization reduces the risk of emotional maladjustment and aggressive behavior, while its deficits correlate with bullying. We consider the current study of mentalization and empathy family factors. Particular attention is paid to the E.Mains study, which summarizes the research of social cognition ontogenetic development factors in building on the cultural and historical theory development of the of the psyche L.S. Vygotsky. The study was performed by a grant from the Russian Science Foundation (grant № 14- 18-03461) at the Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology under the Ministry of Public Health of the Russian Federation.

It is reviles stages of cognition and comprehension according to natural genetic determinate pass of cognition, modern discovery in methodology and archetype code of cognition/comprehension, saving up in Slavonic culture.

CAR T-cell immunotherapy is a new development in the treatment of leukemia, promising a new era in oncology. Although so far, this procedure only helps 50–90% of patients and, like other cancer treatments, has serious side effects. In this work, we have proposed a controlled model for leukemia treatment to explore possible ways to improve immunotherapy methodology. Our model is described by four nonlinear differential equations with two bounded controls, which are responsible for the rate of injection of chimeric cells, as well as for the dosage of the drug that suppresses the so-called “cytokine storm”. The optimal control problem of minimizing the cancer cells and the activity of the cytokine is stated and solved using the Pontryagin maximum principle. The five possible optimal control scenarios are predicted analytically using investigation of the behavior of the switching functions. The optimal solutions, obtained numerically using BOCOP-2.2.0, confirmed our analytical findings. Interesting results, explaining, why therapies with rest intervals (for example, stopping injections in the middle of the treatment interval) are more effective (within the model), rather than with continuous injections, are presented. Possible improvements to the mathematical model and method of immunotherapy are discussed.

Highly concentrated radionuclide waste produced during the Cold War era is stored at US Department of Energy (DOE) production sites. This radioactive waste was often highly acidic and mixed with heavy metals, and has been leaking into the environment since the 1950s. Because of the danger and expense of cleanup of such radioactive sites by physicochemical processes, in situ bioremediation methods are being developed for cleanup of contaminated ground and groundwater. To date, the most developed microbial treatment proposed for high-level radioactive sites employs the radiation-resistant bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans. However, the use of Deinococcus spp. and other bacteria is limited by their sensitivity to low pH. We report the characterization of 27 diverse environmental yeasts for their resistance to ionizing radiation (chronic and acute), heavy metals, pH minima, temperature maxima and optima, and their ability to form biofilms. Remarkably, many yeasts are extremely resistant to ionizing radiation and heavy metals. They also excrete carboxylic acids and are exceptionally tolerant to low pH. A special focus is placed on Rhodotorula taiwanensis MD1149, which was the most resistant to acid and gamma radiation. MD1149 is capable of growing under 66 Gy/h at pH 2.3 and in the presence of high concentrations of mercury and chromium compounds, and forming biofilms under high-level chronic radiation and low pH. We present the whole genome sequence and annotation of R. taiwanensis strain MD1149, with a comparison to other Rhodotorula species. This survey elevates yeasts to the frontier of biology's most radiation-resistant representatives, presenting a strong rationale for a role of fungi in bioremediation of acidic radioactive waste sites.

The article presents the results of a study of social anxiety and social anhedonia symptoms in adolescents from different social groups, depending on channels of communication with other people they prefer — face-to-face contact, social networking, smartphones, Skype and various sites on the Internet. The study involved 110 people from two Moscow colleges and orphanage. In this study we have used complex of four methods, one of which — “Questionnaire of the channels of social communication” — used for the first time. Based on these results it is concluded that the most common ways of communication in mod-ern adolescents — face-to-face contact and social networks, which are used by them about equally often, however, the majority of adolescents prefer face-to¬face contact to all other channels of communication. Adolescents who prefer face-to-face contact to all other ways of communications, are more prosperous in terms of the two questionnaires of social anxiety (scale of social avoidance and distress — SADS; Watson, Friend, 1969; brief scale of fear of social evaluation — BENE; Leary, 1983) and the scale of the social anhedonia (RSAS; Eckblad et al, 1982) and ones who prefer to communicate in social networks have higher rates in all three questionnaires. It is suggested that the relationship between social anxiety and the frequency of use of social networking is not direct, but mediated by avoiding face-to-face contact. The mechanism of anxiety response leads to amplification of avoidance of face-to-face contact in everyday social situations and further strengthen of social anxiety. This article was prepared with the financial support of the Russian Science Foundation (grant No. 14–18–03461).

Interleukin-3 (IL-3) is capable of supporting the proliferation of a broad range of hematopoietic cell types, whereas granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and macrophage CSF (M-CSF) represent critical cytokines in myeloid differentiation. When this was investigated in a pluripotent-stem-cell-based hematopoietic differentiation model, IL-3/G-CSF or IL-3/M-CSF exposure resulted in the continuous generation of myeloid cells from an intermediate myeloid-cell-forming complex containing CD34+ clonogenic progenitor cells for more than 2 months. Whereas IL-3/G-CSF directed differentiation toward CD45+CD11b+CD15+CD16+CD66b+ granulocytic cells of various differentiation stages up to a segmented morphology displaying the capacity of cytokine-directed migration, respiratory burst response, and neutrophil-extracellular-trap formation, exposure to IL-3/M-CSF resulted in CD45+CD11b+CD14+CD163+CD68+ monocyte/macrophage-type cells capable of phagocytosis and cytokine secretion. Hence, we show here that myeloid specification of human pluripotent stem cells by IL-3/G-CSF or IL-3/M-CSF allows for prolonged and large-scale production of myeloid cells, and thus is suited for cell-fate and disease-modeling studies as well as gene- and cell-therapy applications.

Understanding chronic ionizing radiation (CIR) effects is of utmost importance to protecting human health and the environment. Diverse bacteria and fungi inhabiting extremely radioactive waste and disaster sites (e.g. Hanford, Chernobyl, Fukushima) represent new targets of CIR research. We show that many microorganisms can grow under intense gamma-CIR dose rates of 13-126 Gy/h, with fungi identified as a particularly CIR-resistant group of eukaryotes: among 145 phylogenetically diverse strains tested, 78 grew under 36 Gy/h. Importantly, we demonstrate that CIR resistance can depend on cell concentration and that certain resistant microbial cells protect their neighbors (not only conspecifics, but even radiosensitive species from a different phylum), from high-level CIR. We apply a mechanistically-motivated mathematical model of CIR effects, based on accumulation/removal kinetics of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants, in bacteria (3 Escherichia coli strains and Deinococcus radiodurans) and in fungi (Candida parapsilosis, Kazachstania exigua, Pichia kudriavzevii, Rhodotorula lysinophila, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Trichosporon mucoides). We also show that correlations between responses to CIR and acute ionizing radiation (AIR) among studied microorganisms are weak. For example, in D. radiodurans, the best molecular correlate for CIR resistance is the antioxidant enzyme catalase, which is dispensable for AIR resistance; and numerous CIR-resistant fungi are not AIR-resistant. Our experimental findings and quantitative modeling thus demonstrate the importance of investigating CIR responses directly, rather than extrapolating from AIR. Protection of radiosensitive cell-types by radioresistant ones under high-level CIR is a potentially important new tool for bioremediation of radioactive sites and development of CIR-resistant microbiota as radioprotectors.

AIM: To make a prediction scale using a set of clinical and laboratory prognostic variables for patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) on their electrocardiograms (ECG) who have undergone percutaneous coronary intervention/MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study enrolled 154 STEMI patients who had undergone percutaneous coronary angioplasty with stenting of the artery supplying blood to the area of an ischemia. Enzyme immunoassay was used to determine the levels of cytokines and selectins on days 1 and 10/RESULTS: During a year, the authors identified the following independent risk factors of a poor outcome (PO): symptoms of Killip Class III-IV heart failure; a history of smoking; rhythm and conduction disturbances on day 1 of the disease; tumor necrosis factor-α levels determined on day 1 of the disease; IL-1α and sP-selectin levels measured on day 10. In the made prediction scale, a score was assigned to each independent prognostic variable to estimate the risk of PO. The borderline values of summing the scores, which divided the patients into groups at low, moderate, and high risk for PO, were determined for the practical application of the scale, by using the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. The performance of the model was tested using an independent sample of STEMI patients (n=50). The probability that the classification of the model was correct amounted to 89.6% (p

The article focuses on the role of cultural codes in forming value orientations. The cultural code is considered as the “ideal unit”, which attributes symbolic meanings to objects and phenomena, and creates the basis for forming notions about the value of these objects and phenomena to the individual. The cultural codes form the system of subjective coordinates within which the individual's life-activity unfolds.

A whole class of devices has been developed and tested in the paper. These devices have appeared as a result of fundamental investigations of multi-phase flows in centrifugal power floors, mechanism understanding of processes which are occurring there and their mathematical description for optimization. It is for the first time when the paper proposes an efficient method for reduction of steam pressure and temperature in vortex pressure-reducing and desuperheating stations and steam cooling devices.

Investigations concern heat utilization and reduction of hazardous emissions occurring in residential buildings and accompanying operation of a great number of industrial enterprises in particular heat and power objects, and firstly, heat-generating units of small power located in densely populated residential areas without centralized heat supply.The investigation target is to reduce cost of heat produced by independent system of building heat supply, reduction of air pollution due to hazardous gas emissions and reduction of heat pollution of the environment as a result of building ventilation system operation, ventilation of their internal and external sewerage network and higher reliability of their operation.The target is achieved because the device with complex system for heat utilization and reduction of hazardous air emissions has additionally an assembly tank for mixing flue gases, ventilation emissions and atmospheric air, heat pump. Evaporation zone of the pump is a condensator of the gas mixture and its condensate zone contains a heat supply line for a heat consumer. The line is equipped with assembling and distributing collectors, pipeline connecting the heat supply line with the system of direct and return delivery water from a boiler house, a separator for division of liquid and gaseous mixture phases, neutralizing devices for separate reduction of concentrations of hazardous and odorous substances being released in gaseous and liquid portions of the mixture, a pipeline for periodic supply of air with higher concentration of hazardous and odorous substances in the boiler furnace. The supplied air is obtained as a result of its passing through gas filters at their regeneration when their exchange capacity is exhausted.

The aim of this research was to study the functional coronary reserve and frequency of miocardium infarction in patients with cardiologic syndrome X (CX) in comparison with patients with stenosing atherosclerosis of coronary artery (ACA). 54 patients with CX and 83 patients with ACA were examined. Coronaroventriculography,veloergometry, echo, daily ECG monitoring were conducted. It was proved that functional coronary reserve in CX patients is lower than in ACA patients. However risk of miocardial infarction development is higher in ACA patients. In the first place, functional coronary reserve depends on state of terminal sectors of coronary arterial channel both in CX and ACA patients. At the same time risk of miocardial infarction development is above all conditioned by damage of subepicardial arteries, i.e. presence of atheromas in them and relatively little depends on volume of coronary channel’s damage.

Background Inhibitors of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase have recently been validated as therapeutic targets in leukemia, but the mechanism of leukemogenic transformation downstream of this enzyme is unclear.Design and Methods Here, we evaluated whether nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase’s effects on aberrant proliferation and survival of myeloid leukemic cells are dependent on sirtuin and delineated the downstream signaling pathways operating during this process.Results We identified significant upregulation of sirtuin 2 and nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase levels in primary acute myeloid leukemia blasts compared to in hematopoietic progenitor cells from healthy individuals. Importantly, specific inhibition of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase or sirtuin 2 significantly reduced proliferation and induced apoptosis in human acute myeloid leukemia cell lines and primary blasts. Intriguingly, we found that protein kinase B/AKT could be deacetylated by nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase and sirtuin 2. The anti-leukemic effects of the inhibition of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase or sirtuin 2 were accompanied by acetylation of protein kinase B/AKT with subsequent inhibition by dephosphorylation. This leads to activation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 β via diminished phosphorylation and, ultimately, inactivation of β-catenin by phosphorylation.Conclusions Our results provide strong evidence that nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase and sirtuin 2 participate in the aberrant proliferation and survival of leukemic cells, and suggest that the protein kinase B/AKT/ glycogen synthase kinase-3 β/β-catenin pathway is a target for inhibition of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase or sirtuin 2 and, thereby, leukemia cell proliferation.