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18 results on '"Klein, Malin"'

7. Spatial distribution of atmospheric microplastics in bulk deposition of urban and rural environments of Northern Germany

Author

Klein, Malin and Fischer, Elke Kerstin

Subjects
forest canopy, atmospheric deposition, nile red, rural, µRaman, urban
Abstract

The magnitude and patterns of atmospheric microplastic deposition rates are crucial factors for calculating the input of microplastics in the environment. Nevertheless, long-term and spatially diverse studies are scarce. In this study, the spatial distribution of atmospheric microplastic particles in urban, sub-urban and rural areas of Northern Germany was investigated in cooperation with the Hamburg Luftmessnetz and as part of the MICROLIM project (German Research Foundation, DFG). Therefore, eleven structurally diverse locations in Hamburg and Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania were equipped with bulk-deposition samplers in triplicates and sampled monthly between August 2019 and July 2020. The resulting 306 samples were treated with hydrogen peroxide (30%) and sodium hypochlorite (6-14%) to digest biological organic matter. The filters were subsequently stained with the lipophilic dye Nile Red (1 mg/ml in chloroform) and underwent microplastic identification via fluorescence microscopy (Axioscope 7, Zeiss). A subset of particles identified as synthetic particles were analysed for their composition using μRaman spectroscopy (DXR2xi Raman Imaging Microscope, Thermo Fisher Scientific). Particles and fibers were quantified down to a cut-off size of 10 µm. The results were compared to the small-scale meteorological data recorded at each investigation site. The study shows that the microplastic deposition rate for Northern Germany (89 ± 61 MP/m²/day) is in the same order of magnitude as those reported by previous studies. Significant differences in microplastic deposition rates and particle morphology were found between urban, sub-urban and rural sampling sites. Population density was identified as an important factor for larger amounts of microplastics and higher shares of fibers in urban samples. Special attention was given to the canopy cover at two forested sampling sites. Sampling throughout the leaf-bearing and leafless period revealed an influence of the comb-out effect on atmospheric microplastic deposition rates for deciduous forests. Also see: https://micro2022.sciencesconf.org/424719/document, In MICRO 2022, Online Atlas Edition: Plastic Pollution from MACRO to nano

Published
2022
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9. Decreasing relatedness among mycorrhizal fungi in a shared plant network increases fungal network size but not plant benefit

Author

van 't Padje, Anouk, Klein, Malin, Caldas, Victor, Oyarte Galvez, Loreto, Broersma, Cathleen, Hoebe, Nicky, Sanders, Ian R., Shimizu, Thomas, Kiers, E.T., van 't Padje, Anouk, Klein, Malin, Caldas, Victor, Oyarte Galvez, Loreto, Broersma, Cathleen, Hoebe, Nicky, Sanders, Ian R., Shimizu, Thomas, and Kiers, E.T.

Abstract

Theory suggests that relatives will cooperate more, and compete less, because of an increased benefit for shared genes. In symbiotic partnerships, hosts may benefit from interacting with highly related symbionts because there is less conflict among the symbionts. This has been difficult to test empirically. We used the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis to study the effects of fungal relatedness on host and fungal benefits, creating fungal networks varying in relatedness between two hosts, both in soil and in-vitro. To determine how fungal relatedness affected overall transfer of nutrients, we fluorescently tagged phosphorus and quantified resource distribution between two root systems. We found that colonization by less-related fungi was associated with increased fungal growth, lower transport of nutrients across the network, and lower plant benefit - likely an outcome of increased fungal competition. More generally, we demonstrate how symbiont relatedness can mediate benefits of symbioses.

Published
2022

13. Data belonging to: Decreasing relatedness among mycorrhizal fungi in a shared plant network increases fungal network size but not plant benefit

Author

van 't Padje, Anouk, Klein, Malin, Caldas, Victor, Oyarte Galvez, Loreto, Broersma, Cathleen, Hoebe, Nicky, Sanders, Ian R., Shimizu, Thomas, Kiers, E.T., van 't Padje, Anouk, Klein, Malin, Caldas, Victor, Oyarte Galvez, Loreto, Broersma, Cathleen, Hoebe, Nicky, Sanders, Ian R., Shimizu, Thomas, and Kiers, E.T.

Abstract

Dataset beloning to the publication: "Decreasing relatedness among mycorrhizal fungi in a shared plant network increases fungal network size but not plant benefit" in Ecology letters (2021). R script used to analyse the data in the .csv files, Dataset beloning to the publication: "Decreasing relatedness among mycorrhizal fungi in a shared plant network increases fungal network size but not plant benefit" in Ecology letters (2021). R script used to analyse the data in the .csv files

Published
2021

16. Mycorrhizal Fungi Respond to Resource Inequality by Moving Phosphorus from Rich to Poor Patches across Networks

Author

Whiteside, Matthew D., primary, Werner, Gijsbert D.A., additional, Caldas, Victor E.A., additional, van’t Padje, Anouk, additional, Dupin, Simon E., additional, Elbers, Bram, additional, Bakker, Milenka, additional, Wyatt, Gregory A.K., additional, Klein, Malin, additional, Hink, Mark A., additional, Postma, Marten, additional, Vaitla, Bapu, additional, Noë, Ronald, additional, Shimizu, Thomas S., additional, West, Stuart A., additional, and Kiers, E. Toby, additional

Published
2019
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17. Decreasing relatedness among mycorrhizal fungi in a shared plant network increases fungal network size but not plant benefit.

Author

van 't Padje A, Klein M, Caldas V, Oyarte Galvez L, Broersma C, Hoebe N, Sanders IR, Shimizu T, and Kiers ET

Subjects
Fungi, Phosphorus, Plant Roots, Plants, Symbiosis, Mycorrhizae genetics
Abstract

Theory suggests that relatives will cooperate more, and compete less, because of an increased benefit for shared genes. In symbiotic partnerships, hosts may benefit from interacting with highly related symbionts because there is less conflict among the symbionts. This has been difficult to test empirically. We used the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis to study the effects of fungal relatedness on host and fungal benefits, creating fungal networks varying in relatedness between two hosts, both in soil and in-vitro. To determine how fungal relatedness affected overall transfer of nutrients, we fluorescently tagged phosphorus and quantified resource distribution between two root systems. We found that colonization by less-related fungi was associated with increased fungal growth, lower transport of nutrients across the network, and lower plant benefit - likely an outcome of increased fungal competition. More generally, we demonstrate how symbiont relatedness can mediate benefits of symbioses., (© 2021 The Authors. Ecology Letters published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Published
2022
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18. Temporal tracking of quantum-dot apatite across in vitro mycorrhizal networks shows how host demand can influence fungal nutrient transfer strategies.

Author

Van't Padje A, Oyarte Galvez L, Klein M, Hink MA, Postma M, Shimizu T, and Kiers ET

Subjects
Apatites, Nutrients, Phosphorus, Plant Roots, Symbiosis, Mycorrhizae
Abstract

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi function as conduits for underground nutrient transport. While the fungal partner is dependent on the plant host for its carbon (C) needs, the amount of nutrients that the fungus allocates to hosts can vary with context. Because fungal allocation patterns to hosts can change over time, they have historically been difficult to quantify accurately. We developed a technique to tag rock phosphorus (P) apatite with fluorescent quantum-dot (QD) nanoparticles of three different colors, allowing us to study nutrient transfer in an in vitro fungal network formed between two host roots of different ages and different P demands over a 3-week period. Using confocal microscopy and raster image correlation spectroscopy, we could distinguish between P transfer from the hyphae to the roots and P retention in the hyphae. By tracking QD-apatite from its point of origin, we found that the P demands of the younger root influenced both: (1) how the fungus distributed nutrients among different root hosts and (2) the storage patterns in the fungus itself. Our work highlights that fungal trade strategies are highly dynamic over time to local conditions, and stresses the need for precise measurements of symbiotic nutrient transfer across both space and time.

Published
2021
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