33 results on '"Klein, Juliane"'
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2. Amyloid precursor protein (APP) and copper homeostasis in the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y
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Klein, Juliane
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611 - Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterised by cerebellar accumulation and aggregation of amyloid beta (Aβ), a cleavage product of the transmembrane amyloid precursor protein (APP). APP contains a range of functional domains in its large extracellular portion, among which are two copper-binding motifs and one zinc-binding motif. The copper-binding motifs are present in the amino-terminal region of APP and within the Aβ region of the protein and readily reduce Cu(II) to Cu(I), thus APP and its cleavage products are linked to copper metabolism and have been hypothesised to participate in cellular copper homeostasis. In this project human neuroblastoma cell lines SH-SY5Y were utilised to determine the effect of expressing a familial AD mutation on intracellular copper concentrations and possible functional alterations or deficits of enzymes that require copper as a co-factor. The familial AD mutation first found in a Swedish population was previously shown to increase the total amount of released Aβ. Direct phenotypic comparison between SH-SY5Y APPWT cell lines expressing endogenous levels of APP and APPswe Coupling native two dimensional liquid chromatography with metal analysis, SDS-PAGE and Principal Component Analysis identified one major copper and zinc containing pool as copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) in soluble whole cell protein extracts. Comparative analysis of metal content between APP cell lines overexpressing APP carrying the Swedish mutation was performed in standard culture and manipulated copper concentrations. WT and APPswe cultures indicated a difference in metallation of SOD1 with copper. APPswe cultures displayed reduced metallation of SOD1, whereas SOD1 metallation with zinc remained unaltered. Functional analysis of copper-binding enzymes, such as SOD1 and cytochrome c oxidase (CCO), using standard biochemical approaches, identified lower activities for both enzymes during standard cell culture in APPswe cells. Upon treatment of cultures with increasing concentrations of exogenous copper APPWT enzyme activities remained unaltered but enzyme activities in APPswe cultures increased in direct correlation with increasing copper concentrations. Combined with phenotypic analysis of growth, survival and intracellular metal content it appears that APPswe cultures are copper deficient, but this can be overcome by copper supplementation. Lower copper accumulation also enables greater survival of APP swe Overall, these data suggest that APP cells in elevated copper. swe overexpression in SH-SY5Y cells results in functional copper deficiency which can be rescued by supplementation of cultures with exogenous copper. APPswe further confers resistance to copper toxicity not only via increased Aβ release, but also via increased copper delivery to enzymatic target proteins improving cellular antioxidant response and energy metabolism. These data are consistent with a function of APP in copper efflux either in a regulatory capacity or directly contributing to copper egress.
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- 2011
3. Roquin Suppresses the PI3K-mTOR Signaling Pathway to Inhibit T Helper Cell Differentiation and Conversion of Treg to Tfr Cells
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Essig, Katharina, Hu, Desheng, Guimaraes, Joao C., Alterauge, Dominik, Edelmann, Stephanie, Raj, Timsse, Kranich, Jan, Behrens, Gesine, Heiseke, Alexander, Floess, Stefan, Klein, Juliane, Maiser, Andreas, Marschall, Susan, Hrabĕ de Angelis, Martin, Leonhardt, Heinrich, Calkhoven, Cornelis F., Noessner, Elfriede, Brocker, Thomas, Huehn, Jochen, Krug, Anne B., Zavolan, Mihaela, Baumjohann, Dirk, and Heissmeyer, Vigo
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- 2017
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4. Glucocorticoid activation by HSD11B1 limits T cell-driven interferon signaling and response to PD-1 blockade in melanoma
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Martins Nascentes Melo, Luiza, primary, Herrera-Rios, Dayana, additional, Hinze, Daniel, additional, Löffek, Stefanie, additional, Oezel, Irem, additional, Turiello, Roberta, additional, Klein, Juliane, additional, Leonardelli, Sonia, additional, Westedt, Isa-Vanessa, additional, Al-Matary, Yahya, additional, Egea-Rodriguez, Sara, additional, Brenzel, Alexandra, additional, Bau, Maja, additional, Sucker, Antje, additional, Hadaschik, Eva, additional, Wirsdörfer, Florian, additional, Hanenberg, Helmut, additional, Uhlenbrock, Niklas, additional, Rauh, Daniel, additional, Poźniak, Joanna, additional, Rambow, Florian, additional, Marine, Jean-Christophe, additional, Effern, Maike, additional, Glodde, Nicole, additional, Schadendorf, Dirk, additional, Jablonska, Jadwiga, additional, Hölzel, Michael, additional, and Helfrich, Iris, additional
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- 2023
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5. Innovation group: Matters of research assessment and its implementation (MAI) - Part: Implementation (MAI-I)
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Hempel, Fabian, Klein, Juliane, and Kip, Miriam
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appointments of professors ,institutional change ,individual researcher ,research assessment system ,higher education institutions (HEI) ,implementation ,tenure track evaluation ,responsible research assessment ,research assessment ,research assessment reform - Abstract
MAI-I is a practice-oriented project that involves the local actors at the Berlin University Alliance (BUA) partners. It focuses on the joint development of strategies to align current research assessment practices for appointments of professors and tenure track evaluations to developments in responsible research and innovation (RRI) practices at the BUA institutions.
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- 2023
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6. Researching Individuals’ Media Repertoires: Challenges of Qualitative Interviews on Cross-Media Practices
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Klein, Juliane, primary, Walter, Michael, additional, and Schimank, Uwe, additional
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- 2017
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7. Reference-guided assembly of four diverse Arabidopsis thaliana genomes
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Schneeberger, Korbinian, Ossowski, Stephan, Ott, Felix, Klein, Juliane D., Wang, Xi, Lanz, Christa, Smith, Lisa M., Cao, Jun, Fitz, Joffrey, Warthmann, Norman, Henz, Stefan R., Huson, Daniel H., and Weigel, Detlef
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- 2011
8. Theoretical study of the initial stage of the aluminium-induced layer-exchange process
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Sarikov, Andrey, Schneider, Jens, Klein, Juliane, Muske, Martin, and Gall, Stefan
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- 2006
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9. Paired-end RAD-seq for de novo assembly and marker design without available reference
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Willing, Eva-Maria, Hoffmann, Margarete, Klein, Juliane D., Weigel, Detlef, and Dreyer, Christine
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- 2011
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10. Suppression of nucleation during the aluminum-induced layer exchange process
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Schneider, Jens, Klein, Juliane, Sarikov, Andrey, Muske, Martin, Gall, Stefan, and Fuhs, Walther
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- 2004
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11. Transferring Professional Knowledge and Skills : The Case of Central and Eastern European Migrant Physicians in German Hospitals
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Klein, Juliane and Klein, Juliane
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- 2016
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12. Binding of NUFIP2 to Roquin promotes recognition and regulation of ICOS mRNA
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Rehage, Nina, primary, Davydova, Elena, additional, Conrad, Christine, additional, Behrens, Gesine, additional, Maiser, Andreas, additional, Stehklein, Jenny E., additional, Brenner, Sven, additional, Klein, Juliane, additional, Jeridi, Aicha, additional, Hoffmann, Anne, additional, Lee, Eunhae, additional, Dianzani, Umberto, additional, Willemsen, Rob, additional, Feederle, Regina, additional, Reiche, Kristin, additional, Hackermüller, Jörg, additional, Leonhardt, Heinrich, additional, Sharma, Sonia, additional, Niessing, Dierk, additional, and Heissmeyer, Vigo, additional
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- 2018
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13. Transferring Professional Knowledge and Skills
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Klein, Juliane, primary
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- 2016
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14. Gewürze und ihre verborgene Heilkraft - mit Genuss zur Gesundheit
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Klein, Juliane, additional
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- 2016
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15. The Europeanisation of Everyday Life: Cross-Border Practices and Transnational Identifications Among EU and Third-Country Citizens State of the Art Report
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Favell, Adrian, Recchi, Ettore, Kuhn, Theresa, Solgaard Jensen, Janne, and Klein, Juliane
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This paper illustrates the research questions, the main underlying concepts and the relevant literature of the EUCROSS project. It reports on the existing literature in sociology, anthropology, political sciences and social psychology related to the project which seeks to examine the relationship between the manifold activities of EU residents (nationals, mobile EU citizens, and third country nationals) across the borders of nation states and their collective identities. It raises questions about 1) how to map out individuals’ cross-border practices as an effect of European integration and globalisation; and 2) assess the impact of these practices on collective identifications, while also controlling for the inverse causal process. Which cross-border practices are more likely to foster some form of identification with the EU – e.g., contacts with foreign friends and/or unwanted foreigners, periods of labour mobility abroad, business and tourist travel, or consumer relations with international companies? Under which contextual and individual conditions do these experiences promote a higher sensitivity to ‘Europe’ – rather than the ‘local’ or the ‘global’ – as an identity catalyst? Which social groups are more likely to adopt a European mindset in the wake of the Europeanisation of everyday life? While substantial separate literatures about ‘Europeanisation’, ‘European identity’, ‘cross-border practices’ and ‘cosmopolitanism’ can be found, we argue that seldom are these concepts treated altogether to specify the link between spatially and culturally situated behaviours on the one hand and collective identifications and value orientations on the other. Moreover, few studies examine socio-cultural Europeanisation and supernational identifications comparatively, and none include simultaneously native and immigrant populations, who in fact may attest of different modalities in which the behaviour-identity link can take place.
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- 2011
16. The Europeanisation of Everyday Life:Cross-Border Practices and Transnational Identifications among EU and Third-Country Citizens
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Favell, Adrian, Recchi, Ettore, Solgaard Jensen, Janne, Klein, Juliane, and Kuhn, Theresa
- Abstract
This paper illustrates the research questions, the main underlying concepts and the relevant literature of the EUCROSS project. The project examines the relationship between the manifold activities of EU residents (nationals, mobile EU citizens, and thirdcountry nationals) across the borders of nation states and their collective identities.Specifically, the project intends to:1) map out individuals’ cross-border practices as an effect of European integration and globalisation; 2) assess the impact of these practices on collective identifications (also controlling for the inverse causal process). Which cross-border practices are more likely to foster some form of identification with the EU – e.g., contacts with foreign friends and/or unwanted foreigners, periods of labour mobility abroad, business and tourist travel, or consumer relations with international companies? Under which contextual and individual conditions do these experiences promote a higher sensitivity to ‘Europe’ – rather than the ‘local’ or the ‘global’ – as an identity catalyst? Which social groups are more prone to adopt a European mindset in the wake of the Europeanisation of everyday life?In addressing these questions, we use the concepts of ‘Europeanisation’, ‘European identity’, ‘cross-border practices’ and ‘cosmopolitanism’ drawing on and elaborating from their meaning in the contemporary social science literature – and especially in sociology, anthropology, political science and social psychology. Overall, we find that seldom are these concepts treated altogether specifying the link between spatially and culturally situated behaviours on the one hand and collective identifications and value orientations on the other. Moreover, few studies examine socio-cultural Europeanisation and supernational identifications comparatively, and none includes simultaneously native andimmigrant populations, who in fact may attest of different modalities in which the behaviour-identity link can take place.
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- 2011
17. State of the Art Report
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Favell, Adrian, Recchi, Ettore, Kuhn, Theresa, Solgaard Jensen, Janne, and Klein, Juliane
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Europäisierung ,interest ,Integration ,technical literature ,everyday life ,Interesse ,Mobilität ,migration ,transnationality ,Sociology & anthropology ,basic concept ,Allgemeine Soziologie, Makrosoziologie, spezielle Theorien und Schulen, Entwicklung und Geschichte der Soziologie ,european identity ,Globalisierung ,europäische Integration ,General Sociology, Basic Research, General Concepts and History of Sociology, Sociological Theories ,Europeanization ,EUCROSS ,cross-border mobility ,cross-border practices ,cross-border transactions ,collective identification ,virtual mobility ,everyday transnationalism ,research question ,literature review ,Romanian migrants, Turkish migrants ,mobilities ,borders ,research ,Forschung ,Alltag ,Kosmopolitismus ,Fachliteratur ,Transnationalisierung ,transnationalization ,cosmopolitanism ,Migrationsforschung ,mobility ,Identifikation ,Soziologie, Anthropologie ,Transnationalität ,identification ,ddc:301 ,EU ,European integration ,migration research ,Grundbegriff ,globalization ,europäische Identität - Abstract
This paper illustrates the research questions, the main underlying concepts and the relevant literature of the EUCROSS project. The project examines the relationship between the manifold activities of EU residents (nationals, mobile EU citizens, and thirdcountry nationals) across the borders of nation states and their collective identities. Specifically, the project intends to: 1) map out individuals’ cross-border practices as an effect of European integration and globalisation; 2) assess the impact of these practices on collective identifications (also controlling for the inverse causal process). Which cross-border practices are more likely to foster some form of identification with the EU – e.g., contacts with foreign friends and/or unwanted foreigners, periods of labour mobility abroad, business and tourist travel, or consumer relations with international companies? Under which contextual and individual conditions do these experiences promote a higher sensitivity to ‘Europe’ – rather than the ‘local’ or the ‘global’ – as an identity catalyst? Which social groups are more prone to adopt a European mindset in the wake of the Europeanisation of everyday life? In addressing these questions, we use the concepts of ‘Europeanisation’, ‘European identity’, ‘cross-border practices’ and ‘cosmopolitanism’ drawing on and elaborating from their meaning in the contemporary social science literature – and especially in sociology, anthropology, political science and social psychology. Overall, we find that seldom are these concepts treated altogether specifying the link between spatially and culturally situated behaviours on the one hand and collective identifications and value orientations on the other. Moreover, few studies examine socio-cultural Europeanisation and supernational identifications comparatively, and none includes simultaneously native and immigrant populations, who in fact may attest of different modalities in which the behaviour-identity link can take place.
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- 2011
18. LOCAS - ein Assembler für Sequenzier- und Resequenzierdaten der nächsten Generation mit einer niedrigen Abdeckung
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Klein, Juliane Damaris and Huson, Daniel H. Huson (Prof. Dr.)
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Sequencing , Resequencing , Low coverage , Sequence analysis ,Resequenzierung , Niedrige Sequenziertiefe ,+%2C+Assembly%22">Sequenzanalyse , Assembly - Abstract
Within the last five years, a new generation of sequencing technologies has dramatically reduced cost and at the same time increased throughput of genome sequencing. For most application fields these technologies have proven to be good alternatives to the traditional Sanger sequencing although they generate shorter read sequences. For the study of sequence variations like SNPs, indels and longer variant regions between highly related genomes, resequencing has become increasingly popular. Such analyses help to reveal the impact of sequence variations on responses to the environment and in developing diseases. They are, thus, of great interest to disease control, personal genomics and phylogenetic studies. Currently, the most popular approach to resequencing large and complex genomes is the mapping-consensus approach. It maps the read sequences to a highly related reference genome and from the alignment calculates a consensus sequence which can be compared to the reference genome. Unfortunately, only SNPs and small indels can be detected with this approach. A more promising approach is homology-guided assembly. Here, the reads are mapped against a reference sequence and the layout of the reads is refined before the calculation of the consensus sequence. This method has the capability to additionally reveal the sequences of longer variant regions such as long insertions. In this thesis, I present an extension to homology-guided assembly that aims at assembling not only regions that are homologous between the target and reference genome but also longer variant regions. After the reads have been mapped to the reference sequence, the reference sequence is partitioned into regions of a fixed length, called blocks. In a reassembly step, the reads of each pair of consecutive blocks are assembled together. In order to also find long variant regions, reads that cannot be mapped onto the reference genome, so called left-over reads, are recruited and incorporated in the assembly of the current blocks. The main focus of this work was on the development of assembly algorithms for current resequencing projects. To meet the needs of these projects the developed algorithms were especially designed for short read data at low sequencing depth. Furthermore, this work comprises extensions to these assembly algorithms, which are used in the reassembly step of our homology-guided assembly approach. These algorithms additionally incorporate left-over reads in the assembly and can utilize mapping positions that are available for the reads. The assembly algorithms are implemented in the assembly tool LOCAS (Low Coverage ASsembly) and its extension SUPERLOCAS. The developed tools were evaluated and compared to state-of-the-art assemblers on short read data within a homology-guided assembly approach. For this purpose, resequencing scenarios with a low sequencing depth were simulated. In the first study, which simulated assemblies of blocks, LOCAS showed better or comparable results regarding error rate and contig size while producing contigs with the best trade-off between both measures. In the second study, which simulated assemblies of blocks with the incorporation of left-over reads, SUPERLOCAS proved to be the superior tool regarding contig size, error rate and runtime while assembling the same amount of long insertion regions as comparable assemblers. In a third study, which used real world data, LOCAS and SUPERLOCAS performed similar as in the simulated studies. In all studies both tools proved to be very robust to different parameter settings. In conclusion, my homology-guided assembly approach overcomes the problems of the mapping-consensus approach. In addition to homologous regions, it also assembles longer variant regions. Compared to other assembly methods, LOCAS and SUPERLOCAS are well suited for reassembly and show superior performances in this scenario. Eine neue Generation von Sequenziertechnologien hat in den letzten fünf Jahren die Kosten für die Genomsequenzierung deutlich verringert und gleichzeitig den Sequenzierdurchsatz erhöht. Die neuen Sequenziertechnologien haben sich in vielen Anwendungsgebieten als vielversprechende Alternative zur traditionellen Sangersequenzierung erwiesen, obwohl die erzeugten Sequenzfragmente, welche als Reads bezeichnet werden, deutlich kürzer sind. Zur Untersuchung von Punkttmutationen (SNPs), kleinen Insertionen und Deletionen (Indels) sowie längeren variablen Bereichen von nahverwandten Genomen wird inzwischen immer häufiger das Verfahren der Resequenzierung eingesetzt. Mit diesem Analyseverfahren kann die Bedeutung von Sequenzvariationen bei Krankheiten festgestellt werden und ist daher von großem Interesse bei der Kontrolle von Krankheiten und im Bereich Personal-Genomics. Momentan wird bei der Resequenzierung von langen und komplexen Genomen vor allem der Mapping-Consensus Ansatz verwendet. Dabei werden die Reads gegen ein nahverwandtes Referenzgenom aligniert und die Consensus-Sequenz der alignierten Reads berechnet, sodass diese mit der Referenzsequenz verglichen werden kann. Da die Reads meist nur diskontinuierlich aligniert werden können, besteht die Consensus-Sequenz meist aus mehreren Teilsequenzen, welche als Contigs bezeichnet werden. Der Nachteil bei diesem Ansatz ist, dass meist nur SNPs und Indels bestimmt werden können, während lange variable Bereiche unentdeckt bleiben. Ein Ansatz, der hierfür weitaus erfolgversprechender ist, ist das Homology-Guided Assembly. Hier werden die Reads ebenfalls gegen eine Referenzsequenz aligniert. Jedoch wird die Anordnung der Reads anschließend noch einmal verbessert, bevor schließlich die Consensus-Sequenz berechnet wird. Dieser Ansatz hat das Potenzial auch die Sequenz von längeren variable Bereichen zu bestimmen. In meiner Dissertation stelle ich einen erweiterten Ansatz des Homology-Guided Assemblies vor. Durch diesen neuen Ansatz werden nicht nur homologe Bereiche des Referenz- und Zielgenoms assembliert sondern auch lange variable Bereiche. Nachdem die Reads gegen die Referenzsequenz aligniert worden sind, wird die Referenzsequenz in Abschnitte unterteilt, welche als Blocks bezeichnet werden. Diese Blocks werden anschließend reassembliert, d.h., alle Reads die zu zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Blocks zugeordnet sind werden miteinander assembliert. Dabei werden Reads, die nicht gegen das Referenzgenom aligniert werden konnten (Left-Over Reads), in das Assembly eingebaut, sodass auch lange variable Bereiche assembliert werden können. Der Hauptaugenmerk meiner Arbeit lag auf der Entwicklung von Assemblierungsalgorithmen, die in Resequenzierungsprojekten mit neueren Sequenziertechnologien angewendet werden können. Um den Anforderungen dieser Projekte Rechnung zu tragen, wurden die Algorithmen speziell an eine kurze Länge der Reads und an eine niedrige Sequenziertiefe angepasst. Darüber hinaus wurden die Algorithmen so erweitert, dass sie auch zur Reassemblierung genutzt werden können. Durch diese Erweiterung werden auf eine effiziente Weise auch Left-Over Reads mit in das Assembly einbezogen. Weiterhin können vorhandene Positionen der Reads bezüglich der Referenzsequenz genutzt werden. Die Algorithmen wurden in das Assemblierungsprogramm LOCAS bzw. in dessen Erweiterung SUPERLOCAS implementiert. Die entwickelte Software wurde in einer Vergleichsstudie evaluiert und mit anderen aktuellen Assemblern verglichen. Die Assembler wurden zur Reassemblierung innerhalb des beschriebenen Homology-Guided Assembly Ansatzes verwendet. Zu diesem Zweck wurden kurze Reads mit einer niedrigen Sequenziertiefe innerhalb von Resequenzierungsszenarien simuliert. In der ersten Studie, welche die Reassemblierung von Blocks simulierte, erzielte LOCAS bessere oder vergleichbare Ergebnisse bezüglich der Fehlerrate und der Contig-Länge. Gleichzeitig erreichte es den besten Kompromiss zwischen beiden Maßen. In der zweiten Studie, welche die Reassemblierung von Blocks unter Einbeziehung von Left-Over Reads simulierte, stellte sich SUPERLOCAS als der beste Assembler bezüglich der Contig-Länge, der Fehlerrate und der Laufzeit heraus. In einer dritten Studie, die auf realen Daten basierte, zeigten LOCAS und SUPERLOCAS die gleiche Leistung wie in den Simulationsstudien. In allen Studien waren beide Assembler sehr robust gegenüber unterschiedlichen Parametereinstellungen. Aus den Ergebnissen dieser Arbeit lässt sich folgern, dass die angesprochenen Probleme des Mapping-Consensus Ansatzes durch den vorgestellten Homology-Guided Assembly Ansatz in weiten Punkten gelöst werden. Zusätzlich zu den homologen Bereichen werden nun auch längere variable Bereiche assembliert. LOCAS und SUPERLOCAS erwiesen sich für die Reassemblierung von Genomen innerhalb des Homology-Guided Assembly-Ansatzes als sehr geeignete Assembler, da sie ausgezeichnete Ergebnisse für dieses Szenario erzielten.
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- 2010
19. State of the Art Report
- Author
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Favell, Adrian, Recchi, Ettore, Kuhn, Theresa, Solgaard Jensen, Janne, Klein, Juliane, Favell, Adrian, Recchi, Ettore, Kuhn, Theresa, Solgaard Jensen, Janne, and Klein, Juliane
- Abstract
This paper illustrates the research questions, the main underlying concepts and the relevant literature of the EUCROSS project. The project examines the relationship between the manifold activities of EU residents (nationals, mobile EU citizens, and thirdcountry nationals) across the borders of nation states and their collective identities. Specifically, the project intends to: 1) map out individuals’ cross-border practices as an effect of European integration and globalisation; 2) assess the impact of these practices on collective identifications (also controlling for the inverse causal process). Which cross-border practices are more likely to foster some form of identification with the EU – e.g., contacts with foreign friends and/or unwanted foreigners, periods of labour mobility abroad, business and tourist travel, or consumer relations with international companies? Under which contextual and individual conditions do these experiences promote a higher sensitivity to ‘Europe’ – rather than the ‘local’ or the ‘global’ – as an identity catalyst? Which social groups are more prone to adopt a European mindset in the wake of the Europeanisation of everyday life? In addressing these questions, we use the concepts of ‘Europeanisation’, ‘European identity’, ‘cross-border practices’ and ‘cosmopolitanism’ drawing on and elaborating from their meaning in the contemporary social science literature – and especially in sociology, anthropology, political science and social psychology. Overall, we find that seldom are these concepts treated altogether specifying the link between spatially and culturally situated behaviours on the one hand and collective identifications and value orientations on the other. Moreover, few studies examine socio-cultural Europeanisation and supernational identifications comparatively, and none includes simultaneously native and immigrant populations, who in fact may attest of different modalities in which the behaviour-identity link can take place.
- Published
- 2014
20. Implementing a Dictionary Culture in South Africa: An Attempt at a General Framework for the African Languages
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Klein, Juliane, primary
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- 2014
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21. Untersuchung von Phasenübergängen an unterkühlten, wässrigen MgCl2 - Tröpfchen in einer elektrodynamischen Falle
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Klein, Juliane
- Subjects
phase transition ,droplet ,supercooled ,electrolyte ,500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften - Abstract
0\. Titelblatt und Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\. Einleitung 3 2\. Methodische Grundlagen der Messung 5 2.1. Speicherung von elektrisch geladenen Teilchen 5 2.2. Mie - Streuung 16 3\. Messapparatur und Datenauswertung 34 3.1. Der experimentelle Aufbau 34 3.2. Datenauswertung 43 4\. Theorie der Elektrolyte und Datenauswertung 61 4.1. Ionen in Lösung 62 4.2. Nukleation 80 4.3. Verdampfung 108 4.4. Der Einfluss der Ladung auf die Thermodynamik von Tröpfchen 115 5\. Messergebnisse und ihre Diskussion 117 5.1. Einleitung 117 5.2. Phasendiagramm für MgCl2 / H2O 119 5.3. Phasenübergang flüssig -> fest 122 5.4. Phasenübergang flüssig -> gasförmig 150 6\. Zusammenfassung 163 7\. Literaturverzeichnis 166, In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden Messungen an levitierten, unterkühlten Tröpfchen von wässrigen Lösungen verschiedener Konzentrationen in einer elektrodynamischen Falle vorgestellt. Hierfür wurde eine Apparatur aufgebaut, die es gestattet, Mikrotröpfchen (ca. 20 - 80 mm Durchmesser) berührungsfrei über einen langen Zeitraum bei Temperaturen zwischen -100 °C und 25 °C zu speichern. Zur Untersuchung von Phasenübergängen in diesen Tröpfchen wurden die Mie - Streuung und der Depolarisationsgrad des gestreuten Lichtes verwendet. Dabei wurde auf der einen Seite die Nukleation einer festen Phase aus der unterkühlten Flüssigkeit und auf der anderen Seite das Verdampfen der unterkühlten Lösung untersucht. Es wurden folgende Ergebnisse erzielt: 1\. MgCl2 - Lösungen niedriger Konzentration können in vergleichbarer Weise wie reines Wasser unterkühlt werden. Es wurden die homogenen Nukleationsraten von 7 10-5 molaren (7 10-4 wt%) und 7 10-6 molaren (7 10-5 wt%) Lösungen bei -35 °C bestimmt. Der Wert J = 2.4 106 cm-3s-1 für die verdünntere Lösung liegt nahe bei dem für reines Wasser. Für die konzentriertere Lösung wurde eine Nukleationsrate von J = 3.6 105 cm-3s-1 gefunden. Dieser Wert liegt deutlich unter dem für reines Wasser (J 3 106 cm-3s-1). Das heißt, mit zunehmender Elektrolytkonzentration nimmt bei gegebener Temperatur (T = -35.5 °C) die Nukleationsrate für Eis ab. 2\. Für die 7 10-6 molare Lösung wurden bei T = -35.5 °C formal zwei verschiedene Nukleationsraten gefunden. Dieser Befund weist darauf hin, dass es sich bei dieser stark verdünnten Lösung wie beim Wasser um ein mikroheterogenes System handelt. 3\. Bei deutlich höher konzentrierten Lösungen (7 10-2 molar; 0.7 wt%) wird ebenfalls noch der Phasenübergang zu Eis beobachtet. Jedoch nahmen die Nukleationszeiten für die Eisnukleation erwartungsgemäss deutlich zu. Der Grund liegt in der höheren Viskosität der unterkühlten Lösung, die eine geringere Nukleationsrate zur Folge hat. Aufgrund der langen Nukleationsraten muß auch das Abdampfen von Wasser aus der unterkühlten flüssigen Phase mitberücksichtigt werden. Deshalb wurden auch Verdampfungsraten von Wasser aus unterkühlter Lösung gemessen. 4\. Außer von der Konzentration ist die Viskosität und die Nukleationsrate von Elektrolytlösungen stark von der Temperatur abhängig. Für eine Konzentration von 0.38 mol/l (3.5 wt%) wurde bei T = -100 °C wegen der viskositätsbedingt stark herabgesetzten Nukleations- und Kristallisationsrate im Beobachtungszeitraum kein vollständiges Erstarren registriert. 5\. Ab einer Konzentration von 0.99 mol/l (8.8 wt%) wurde nach entsprechend langer Nukleationszeit, die vom Verdampfen des Tröpfchens und damit dessen Konzentrationszunahme bekleidet war, anstatt Eisnukleation die Nukleation eines Salzhydrates beobachtet. 6\. Im Konzentrationsbereich zwischen 0.3 und 0.9 mol/l (ca. 3 bis 8 wt%) traten bei T=-46.8 °C metastabile feste Phasen auf, die sich nach sehr kurzen Nukleationszeiten (t < 1 s) aus der unterkühlten Flüssigkeit herausbildeten. Anschließend verflüssigten sie sich wieder, und gegebenenfalls fand ein Phasenübergang in die thermodynamisch stabile feste Phase statt. 7\. Bei den Experimenten zur Verdampfung unterkühlter MgCl2-Tröpfchen wurde herausgefunden, dass bei verdünnten Lösungen (c < 0.1 mol/l) noch näherungsweise ein quadratischer Zusammenhang zwischen Durchmesser und Zeit besteht. Für diesen Fall konnte ein Verdampfungskoeffizient bestimmt werden. Bei den höheren Konzentrationen kann der Verdampfungsprozess nicht mehr durch ein einfaches Quadratgesetz beschrieben werden. Für diese Lösungen (0.62 molar 5.6 wt%; 0.99 molar 8.8 wt%) wurde bei T = ?46.8 °C mit Hilfe der modifizierten Maxwell-Gleichung die Änderung der Verdampfungsrate und des Dampfdrucks beim Verdampfen ermittelt. 8\. Während die mit niedrigkonzentrierten Lösungen erzielten Ergebnisse im Rahmen der derzeitigen Modellvorstellungen zumindest qualitativ inerpretiert werden können, lassen sich die an hochkonzentrierten Lösungen beobachteten Effekte mangels geeigneter Modelle nur noch phänomenologisch beschreiben. Aus diesem Grund müssen in Zukunft nicht nur weitere thermodynamische und kinetische Daten zu stark unterkühlten bzw. übersättigten Elektrolytlösungen gesammelt werden. Es müssen für diese metastabilen Phasen auch geeignete Modelle geschaffen werden, welche die Ergebnisse qualitativ und quantitativ erklären können., Supercooled electrolyte solutions continue to be an area of experimental and theoretical interest. Due to the lack of data many phenomena referring to these metastable phases are still not understood. The kinetic and dynamic behaviour of aqueous supercooled MgCl2 - droplets have been investigated in this work. Electrolyte droplets of different concentrations at different temperatures have been studied. Homogeneous nucleation rates and evaporation rates are presented. For studying supercooled droplets an electrodynamic balance has been constructed. In this technique the solution droplets are trapped by electrodynamic fields in order to avoid the contact to foreign surfaces. As a result a high degree of supercooling is achieved. For the investigation of phase transitions within these droplets the Mie - scattering were used. Whereas the results obtained for very diluted solutions can be interpreted in comparision to pure water, for higher concentrated solutions the processes occurring at the phase transition are much more complex such as the appearance of metastable solid phases.
- Published
- 2003
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22. South Africa's New African Language Dictionaries and their Use for the African Speech Communities
- Author
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Klein, Juliane, primary
- Published
- 2011
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23. LOCAS – A Low Coverage Assembly Tool for Resequencing Projects
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Klein, Juliane D., primary, Ossowski, Stephan, additional, Schneeberger, Korbinian, additional, Weigel, Detlef, additional, and Huson, Daniel H., additional
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- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Depletion regions in the aluminum-induced layer exchange process crystallizing amorphous Si
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Schneider, Jens, primary, Klein, Juliane, additional, Muske, Martin, additional, Gall, Stefan, additional, and Fuhs, Walther, additional
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
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25. Suppression of nucleation during the aluminum-induced layer exchange process
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Schneider, Jens, primary, Klein, Juliane, additional, Sarikov, Andrey, additional, Muske, Martin, additional, Gall, Stefan, additional, and Fuhs, Walther, additional
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. The Freezing of n-Alkanes C15H32 and C17H36: An Unsual Mechanism of Homogeneous Nucleation
- Author
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Weidinger, Inez, primary, Klein, Juliane, additional, Stöckel, Peter, additional, Biller, E., additional, Baumgärtel, Helmut, additional, and Leisner, Thomas, additional
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Suppression of nucleation during the aluminum-induced layer exchange process.
- Author
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Schneider, Jens, Klein, Juliane, Sarikov, Andrey, Muske, Martin, Gall, Stefan, and Fuhs, Walther
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. The Freezing of n-Alkanes C15H32and C17H36: An Unsual Mechanism of Homogeneous Nucleation
- Author
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Weidinger, Inez, Klein, Juliane, Stöckel, Peter, Biller, E., Baumgärtel, Helmut, and Leisner, Thomas
- Abstract
The nucleation kinetics of n-alkane droplets with carbon numbers of 15 and 17 was observed in an electrodynamic balance. Changes in the elastic light scattering pattern of the single levitated microdroplets indicate the phase transition liquid to solid. Measurements of the nucleation rates gave information on the dynamics of the nucleation process and allow to propose a new mechanism for the nucleation. Large induction times observed for the C15H32droplets indicate that the nucleation starts after a solid layer has been built up at the surface.
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
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29. How to conduct interviews on media repertoires as routine practices â problems and empirical experiences
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Klein, Juliane and Klein, Juliane
- Abstract
Against the backdrop of a changing media environment, the practices individuals apply on a daily basis and in different life spheres have altered dramatically. Small investors, for instance, increasingly rely on the internet to follow financial market trends online or to gather information on the background of companies before investing in their stocks. However, it is an open question whether or not the individual is conscious or rather unaware of these changed practices since the use of different media might be inherent to their daily routine. This potential lack of awareness makes it difficult to research the role these Transforming Communications play in the individualâ s conduct of life. Therefore, the purpose of this methodical chapter is to identify an interviewing strategy for cross-media studies that meets the requirement of openness so as to ensure the respondentsâ freedom to set their own relevance structures, while at the same time maintaining the thematic focus on the intervieweesâ media repertoire.
30. How to conduct interviews on media repertoires as routine practices â problems and empirical experiences
- Author
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Klein, Juliane and Klein, Juliane
- Abstract
Against the backdrop of a changing media environment, the practices individuals apply on a daily basis and in different life spheres have altered dramatically. Small investors, for instance, increasingly rely on the internet to follow financial market trends online or to gather information on the background of companies before investing in their stocks. However, it is an open question whether or not the individual is conscious or rather unaware of these changed practices since the use of different media might be inherent to their daily routine. This potential lack of awareness makes it difficult to research the role these Transforming Communications play in the individualâ s conduct of life. Therefore, the purpose of this methodical chapter is to identify an interviewing strategy for cross-media studies that meets the requirement of openness so as to ensure the respondentsâ freedom to set their own relevance structures, while at the same time maintaining the thematic focus on the intervieweesâ media repertoire.
31. How to conduct interviews on media repertoires as routine practices â problems and empirical experiences
- Author
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Klein, Juliane and Klein, Juliane
- Abstract
Against the backdrop of a changing media environment, the practices individuals apply on a daily basis and in different life spheres have altered dramatically. Small investors, for instance, increasingly rely on the internet to follow financial market trends online or to gather information on the background of companies before investing in their stocks. However, it is an open question whether or not the individual is conscious or rather unaware of these changed practices since the use of different media might be inherent to their daily routine. This potential lack of awareness makes it difficult to research the role these Transforming Communications play in the individualâ s conduct of life. Therefore, the purpose of this methodical chapter is to identify an interviewing strategy for cross-media studies that meets the requirement of openness so as to ensure the respondentsâ freedom to set their own relevance structures, while at the same time maintaining the thematic focus on the intervieweesâ media repertoire.
32. How to conduct interviews on media repertoires as routine practices â problems and empirical experiences
- Author
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Klein, Juliane and Klein, Juliane
- Abstract
Against the backdrop of a changing media environment, the practices individuals apply on a daily basis and in different life spheres have altered dramatically. Small investors, for instance, increasingly rely on the internet to follow financial market trends online or to gather information on the background of companies before investing in their stocks. However, it is an open question whether or not the individual is conscious or rather unaware of these changed practices since the use of different media might be inherent to their daily routine. This potential lack of awareness makes it difficult to research the role these Transforming Communications play in the individualâ s conduct of life. Therefore, the purpose of this methodical chapter is to identify an interviewing strategy for cross-media studies that meets the requirement of openness so as to ensure the respondentsâ freedom to set their own relevance structures, while at the same time maintaining the thematic focus on the intervieweesâ media repertoire.
33. Optical Isomer Separation by Diffusion
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Klein, Juliane, primary, Baker, J. A., additional, and Cussler, E. L., additional
- Published
- 1971
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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