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Many imported honeys distributed on the Polish market compete with local products mainly by lower price, which can correspond to lower quality and widespread adulteration. The aim of the study was to compare honey samples (11 imported honey blends and 5 local honeys) based on their antioxidant activity (measured by DPPH, FRAP, and total phenolic content), protein profile obtained by native PAGE, soluble protein content, diastase, and acid phosphatase activities identified by zymography. These indicators were correlated with standard quality parameters (water, HMF, pH, free acidity, and electrical conductivity). It was found that raw local Polish honeys show higher antioxidant and enzymatic activity, as well as being more abundant in soluble protein. With the use of principal component analysis (PCA) and stepwise linear discriminant analysis (LDA) protein content and diastase number were found to be significant (p &lt, 0.05) among all tested parameters to differentiate imported honey from raw local honeys.

Nabyta hemofilia jest rzadkim, potencjalnie śmiertelnym, nabytym schorzeniem autoimmunologicznym, z wytworzeniem przeciwciał blokujących aktywność własnych czynników krzepnięcia. To obniżenie aktywności prowadzi do rozwoju skazy krwotocznej. Najczęściej wytwarzane są przeciwciała przeciwko czynnikowi VIII - określane jako nabyta hemofilia A. W blisko połowie przypadków ma ona charakter pierwotny i nie towarzyszy żadnym innym zmia - nom patologicznym, w 35-40% jest wtórna do innych schorzeń autoimmunologicznych, nowotworowych lub reakcji polekowych, a w 10–15% dotyczy młodych kobiet w okresie połogu. Leczenie nabytej hemofilii polega na opanowaniu czynnego krwawienia oraz eliminacji z krążenia aktywnego inhibitora. Autorzy przedstawiają przypadek 55-letniej chorej na reumatoidalne zapalenie stawów z nabytą hemofilią typu A (ryc. 1 i 2). Objawy skazy krwotocznej ustąpiły po dożylnym podaniu rekombinowanego aktywnego czynnika VII oraz prednizonu i cyklofosfamidu. Celem pracy jest zwrócenie uwagi na występowanie tego schorzenia u pacjentów z chorobami reumatycznymi. Nagłe wystąpienie objawów skazy krwotocznej, a szczególnie krwawień podskórnych, połączone z wydłużeniem czasu częściowej tromboplastyny po aktywacji powinno budzić podejrzenie nabytej hemofilii. Życie choremu może uratować jedynie szybka diagnostyka i właściwe leczenie. Acquired haemophilia is a rare, life-threatening autoimmune disorder caused by inhibitory autoantibodies directed against various plasma clotting factors. In clinical practice, the most frequently observed are inhibitors of factor VIII - acquired haemophilia A. In about 50% of cases the disease develops in previously healthy subjects, in 35-40% it is secondary to autoimmune disorders, drug reactions or malignancy and in 10-15% it is associated with pregnancy and puerperium. Treatment of acquired haemophilia includes effective bleeding control and elimination of the inhibitor - the ultimate cure for the disease. Authors present a case of a 55-year-old patient with rheumatoid arthritis and acquired haemophilia A (Fig. 1, 2). The manifestations of haemorrhagic diathesis subsided after intravenous application of recombinant activated factor VII, prednisone and cyclophosphamide. The purpose of this report is to increase awareness of the possibility of acquired haemophilia as the reason of bleeding (especially subcutaneous) in patients with rheumatic diseases. Early diagnosis and proper treatment are critical for the disease outcome.

The dangerous for health nitrate and nitrite can penetrate with food human organism for this reason in study the influence of thermal processing and storage on the level of these compounds in the vegetables was determined. The content of nitrates and nitrites was determined in such vegetables as carrot, parsley-root, celery and potatoes growing by farmers in the Podlasie province. Nitrates and nitrites were assessed in fresh and boiled vegetables as well as in the stock and in carrot juice. These compounds were also determined after storage of vegetables at +4 degrees C for 2 weeks and at -15 degrees C for 1 and 3 months. Nitrates and nitrites concentrations were assayed colorimetrically by the Griess method modified to food investigation. Boiling reduced nitrate content in the vegetables. Considerable part (about 50%) of these compounds passed into stock during boiling. Storage of these vegetables at +4 degrees C resulted in slight lowering of nitrate content in carrot and parsley-root and marked elevation in celery. Cold storage of vegetables through 1 and 3 months had no important influence on nitrate content. Boiling decreased the content of nitrites similarly as nitrates. Storage of the vegetables at +4 degrees C through 2 weeks led to an increase in nitrite content in carrot and parsley-root while in celery the content of nitrites was reduced. Storage of vegetables at -15 degrees C resulted in lowering content of nitrite. The study revealed that the vegetable-roots (carrot, parsley and celery) and potatoes cultivated in the Podlasie province as well as in the other provinces were excessively contaminated by nitrates and nitrites. Moreover, it has been shown that thermal processing such as boiling considerably reduced the content of nitrates and nitrites in these vegetables while freezing changed mainly nitrite content.