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With the development of special interests of tourism, religious tourism has become a separate form that attracts a specific segment of the tourism market. From this aspect, it is possible to consider those tourists who travel primarily for religious reasons, i.e., for religion, beliefs, vows, paying tribute, etc. Accordingly, certain religious places have become the scene of mass tourism with all the commercial content offered by other tourism destinations. Therefore, it is often questioned whether the materialism of tourism exceeds the spiritual properties of religious travel. At the same time, there are tourists for whom religion is not the primary motive, but in a tourism destination they visit various sacred places and participate in events, ceremonies and rituals, regardless of whether they belong to that religion. This can also be considered as cultural tourism, especially since material and immaterial heritage is largely related to religious heritage, which becomes the backdrop of cultural tourism. Tourism destinations often use these elements as a resource and attraction base to attract different segments of tourists and to promote their cultural peculiarities associated with religious heritage. In conditions where heritage elements are transformed into different tourism products, there is a fear that religious heritage will be commodified and desecrated, i.e., that it will be turned into a standard tourism product with all its commercial characteristics. However, considering the importance of religion in human life, the question is the extent to which sacred heritage will be in the function of tourism. Therefore, the stakeholders of the destination must decide how and in what extent to use the religious heritage for tourism purposes. Accordingly, research was conducted on the stakeholders of four places on the Croatian part of the Adriatic coast. Due to their characteristics, they are considered as tourism destinations in development (the city of Nin, Kukljica on the island of Ugljan, Murter on the island of Murter and Sali on the island of Dugi otok). These places are typical coastal destinations, where tourists come primarily for the sun and sea purposes. However, in recent years there has been a visible tendency in developing different products based on rich cultural and natural heritage, aimed at diversification and enrichment of the offer, as well as the extension of the season. These places have been holding religious maritime pilgrimages to Madonna for years (Madonna of Zečevo on Zečevo islet, Madonna of the Snow on Ugljan island, Madonna of the Tarac on Kornat island, Madonna of the Fisherman on Piškera island). These are rare and specific pilgrimages at the world level, during which vessels are used to transport the statue of Madonna and to reach an island where a religious ceremony is held. Along with this religious ceremony, a “folk event” takes place on the same day in the place. Due to the characteristics, these pilgrimages are a kind of attraction for residents, but also tourists, as they are holding during the tourism season (July and August). At the same time, these pilgrimages play a significant role in the religious and socio-cultural life of the aforementioned communities. In accordance with the above, the goal of the research was to determine the possibilities and limitations of including the mentioned maritime pilgrimages in the tourism offering. For this purpose, in 2022 and 2023, a group interviews were conducted 20 with different stakeholders in the mentioned places (public and private sector and civil society). The research results showed that the local community wants maritime pilgrimages to be primarily in a function of the community’s socio- cultural and religious life. This is especially important when it comes to preserving the aforementioned heritage, which is lost over time, and strengthening the cultural identity of the community. At the same time, maritime pilgrimages can be in a function of tourism, but not as a tourism product or attraction, only as a cultural and religious specialty that will enrich the experience of tourists during their stay in the destination. The specificity and sensitivity of the religious features of these maritime pilgrimages, no matter how attractive they are with their cultural and entertainment character in the domain of tourism, indicate the care when considering and including them in the tourism offering and the possible development of religious tourism.

Indicators for measuring and monitoring sustainable tourism indicate the state and changes caused by tourism. Such indicators are also used to monitor development goals, as they support the tourism destination management. Therefore, the interest of every tourism destination is to determine relevant indicators and to ensure the necessary data. In this sense, the European Tourism Indicators System for sustainable destination management (ETIS) has been developed in the European Union. Unfortunately, many tourism destinations, especially those at the beginning of tourism development, use only basic indicators related to tourist traffic and economic indicators, often neglecting other, more complex and serious tourism impacts in the destination. According to this, the aim of this paper is to determine possibilities and limitations of the application of sustainable tourism indicators in contemporary tourism management. The area of Ravni Kotari was analysed, which is situated in the hinterland of the developed coastal tourism destinations in Zadar County (Croatia). The area of Ravni Kotari is a rural tourism destination in the development phase. Based on the assumption that tourism encourages the development of rural areas, data were collected to calculate relevant economic indicators for the ETIS system for this area, which were considered to be the most important ones in the development phase. Results showed the lack of data necessary for calculating relevant economic indicators. Given proposals are directed towards using indicators in sustainable destination management.

Simboli ratne povijest zauzimaju važno mjesto u baštini različitih naroda, a posjećivanje lokaliteta koji o njoj svjedoče staro je koliko i čovječanstvo. Posljednjih nekoliko desetljeća potaknuto globalnim trendovima o „zajedničkoj baštini“, komodifikaciji baštine, očuvanjem identiteta te prezentacijom ratne baštine u popularnim medijima, tržište ratnoga turizma, kako sa strane ponude tako i potražnje bilježi rast. Analizirana je problematika razumijevanja fenomena ratnog turizma, koja je odnedavno u fokusu znanstvenika i istraživača različitih akademskih diskursa. Ratni turizam kao tržišna niša svrstava se u šire koncepte memorijalnog i mračnog turizma s elementima turizma hodočašća i turizma disonantne baštine, što u najširem smislu predstavlja dio kulturnog turizma. Primarno istraživanje stavova lokalnog stanovništva Zadarske županije provedeno je anketnim ispitivanjem uz pomoć mjernog instrumenta strukturiranog anketnog upitnika. Istraženi su njihovi stavovi o motiviranosti turističkog posjećivanja destinacijama ratnoga turizma.

One of the main preconditions for a sustainable and successful tourism development is the involvement of all destination stakeholders. Their attitude regarding different aspects of destination development, as well as the perception of their role in it is very important, as it is very much influencing their direct or indirect involvement in tourism activities. Therefore, it is crucial to include different destination stakeholders from the very beginning in the process of tourism planning. The aim of this paper is to analyze how different stakeholders involved in tourism activities in rural destinations perceive the tourism development of their destination. The destination Ravni kotari was taken as a case study. This area is a rural tourism destination in the hinterland of Zadar region in Croatia and it is just at the beginning of tourism development. Therefore, it is very important to investigate how different stakeholders, who are part of the tourism offer and actively participate in tourism activities, perceive the current state and further tourism development of the destination. So, the main goal is rather to determine the future direction of the tourism development of a rural tourism destination than to evaluate the impact of tourism on the local community. The research was conducted by using a qualitative research method. A focus group with eleven different stakeholders involved in tourism activities in Ravni kotari was organized in order to collect some in-depth information about their attitudes and perceptions toward tourism development of the destination. The results showed a positive stakeholder's attitude regarding tourism development and their willingness to participate in it. On the other hand, it was determined that the different stakeholders who are involved in different activities (agriculture, hospitality, culture, etc.) perceive similar challenges regarding the destination development. Based on the information gained from the focus group, some guidelines for the further tourism development of the destination were defined.

The application of eco certificates and labels in tourism is an indicator of the implementation of the concept of sustainable tourism, which is aimed at protecting and preserving the environment at a given destination. Eco certificates and labels of a destination have a positive effect on the ecologically responsible behavior and awareness within the tourism supply, which in turn introduces quality and distinctness on the tourism market. Other than promoting ecologically conscious behavior, eco certificates stimulate tourism demand for products with a reduced negative effect on the environment. The aim of this paper is to determine the role of eco certificates in sustainable tourism development. A research was conducted across eight urban destinations in the Republic of Croatia on several stakeholder groups in each destination (the public and private sector, local population and tourists). A semi structured questionnaire on 2, 300 respondents shows attitudes toward the influence of eco certificates on tourists’ decisions when choosing a destination ; specifically, the tourists’ readiness to pay extra for eco certified products and services at a destination. Variance analysis was used. The respondents generally show a positive attitude toward eco certificates, with visible differences in stakeholder attitudes on the level of a particular destination, differences between different stakeholder groups, and differences for each particular eco certificate. The results indicate an increasing importance of eco certificates on the tourism market, as well as the need to understand their role in the destination’s sustainable tourism development. Consequently, it is to be expected that these certificates will increase in application, which is why further research in this field is necessary.

As a global phenomenon, tourism exerts various impacts on the environment and economy of the locations in which it takes place. The impact of resident and tourist interaction on destination choice is significant as well. Recent studies underscore the connection between the following: the role that residents play, their attitudes towards the impact of tourism, the level of tourism development, the residents’ involvement in tourism activities, seasonality, the ratio of residents and tourists, and types of tourists in a destination. These also indicate the local population’s indifference about the involvement in destination management, which stems from the negative impact of politics on a destination, as well as from the influence of key stakeholders. The aim of this study is to identify the factors that influence the residents' attitudes toward the impact of tourism. This paper also determines the residents’ satisfaction with current tourism development and the effects of tourism, presuming that they found its economic effects to be more important than its negative effects. In the Republic of Croatia, tourism is highly developed only in the Adriatic, but not in the Continental part of the country. Therefore, this paper looks into the residents' attitudes toward the impact of tourism in those two areas. It presents the results of research conducted with the residents of eight urban destinations in the Republic of Croatia (Adriatic and Continental Croatia). The survey, conducted in 2017, aimed at identifying factors that influenced the residents' attitudes towards the impact of tourism. For this purpose, a structured questionnaire was used. The obtained data were analysed using descriptive statistics. The differences between residents' attitudes toward the impact of tourism are visible when speaking about tourism development level, current involvement, and plans for future inclusion in tourism destination offering. Residents are mostly satisfied with the effects of tourism, although they notice some negative effects as well. A higher tourism development level requires intensive involvement of the local population, and their role in destination management is even more important. Accordingly, residents should actively participate in tourism activities which aim to increase the tolerance threshold for tourist movements in destination and sustainable tourism. In this context, such involvement and behaviour should decrease certain negative effects of tourism. Therefore, research results are used to point out some aspects of destination management and involvement of residents aiming at relieving the pressure that tourism exerts on urban destinations and improving the quality of life and satisfaction of the local population.

Strategija je razvoja turizma Općine Zadvarje razvojni dokument za razdoblje od 2019. do 2025. godine kojime se usmjerava turistički razvitak Općine Zadvarje u navedenome razdoblju. Ključni su ciljevi dokumenta: analizom postojećeg stanja utvrditi mogućnosti i ograničenja razvoja turizma na području Općine Zadvarje ; s obzirom na turističke trendove utvrditi moguće smjerove razvoja turizma na području Općine Zadvarje ; definirati razvojne ciljeve kojima će se postaviti okvir razvoja turizma na području Općine Zadvarje za navedeno razdoblje. Prilikom izrade Strategije korištene su različite znanstvene metode kako bi se utvrdile mogućnosti i ograničenja razvoja turizma Općine Zadvarje. Izrada se Strategije temelji na analizi relevantnih i recentnih sekundarnih podataka objavljenih u domaćim i inozemnim statističkim i znanstveno-stručnim publikacijama te na podatcima koji su prikupljeni i obrađeni tijekom izrade dokumenta. U tom kontekstu, u prvom dijelu prikupljeni su relevantni sekundarni podatci o Općini Zadvarje koji su analizirani prema Kušenovoj (2002) metodologiji i sintetizirani s ciljem utvrđivanja postojećeg stanja resursno- atrakcijske osnove Općine Zadvarje. Osim toga, na temelju sekundarnih podataka utvrđeni su aktualni turistički trendovi koji čine okosnicu za definiranje smjera razvoja turizma Općine Zadvarje. Ovime je ujedno potkrijepljeno osmišljavanje istraživačkog instrumenta (vodiča ili podsjetnika za održavanje fokus-skupina) korištenog u primarnom istraživanju. Na temelju dobivenih rezultata i SWOT analizom utvrđeni su razvojni potencijali i ograničenja turizma Općine Zadvarje, dok je postavljenim razvojnim ciljevima definiran smjer razvoja turizma Općine Zadvarje za predviđeno razdoblje. U okviru su primarnoga istraživanja provedena dva temeljna istraživanja, i to istraživanje stavova relevantnih dionika o stanju i mogućnostima razvoja turizma Općine Zadvarje te istraživanje stavova lokalnog stanovništva o stanju i mogućnostima razvoja turizma u Općini Zadvarje.

The number of tourist arrivals, overnights stays and international tourism receipts are often the main indicators of the success of a tourism destination. These indicators also underlie the success of the tourism year, and they are usually part of the annual statistics published by the different national or international organizations. The quantitative indicators accepted as a measure of development and success of a tourism destination often become the primary goal, while their growth represents a necessity of survival and the performance of a particular tourism destination. However, destinations do not even notice the problems that constant striving for tourist arrivals and overnight stays can cause. This paper analyses the application of sustainable tourism indicators in tourism destination. On the sample of 62 tourist boards in Croatia a survey was conducted with the aim to identify indicators that tourist boards use for sustainable destination development. Results show unsatisfactory level of the usage of tourism indicators needed for destination management. Tourist boards are mostly gathering indicators on the number of tourist arrivals and overnights, while complex indicators and indicators related to the basic sustainability issues are missing. Main constraints are the lack of data, funds, knowledge and employees. The paper suggests that a legislative framework is required to regulate systematic gathering and calculation of indicators appropriate for the development of tourism in a certain destination. This would also serve as a support for creation of a sustainable tourism indicator system needed for decision making processes regarding the strategic development of a destination.

Zadar County has decided to use the effects of attracting low-cost carriers to its destination as one of the elements for improving the tourism destination. The exceptionally high load factor of these flights and their existence in pre- and post- season periods have reduced seasonality. Low-cost carriers have the largest booking and passenger inflow during high season, and their main interest is to maintain an increasing number of airline flights during this period. This paper analyses motives (purpose of visit) of arrival of users of low-cost carriers to the City of Zadar. Data has been collected through a longitudinal survey from 2013 to 2016. In this context, the profile of tourists was analysed regarding the time (period) of visit and the purpose of visit. The aim of this paper was to determine the influence of cost-effective transport on tourists’ motivation and their destination choice. Based on the interpreted results, the paper provides opportunities for destination managers who aim to open new markets and attract more tourists by focusing their strategic development on attracting low-cost carriers.

Industrijalizacija, urbanizacija i drugi čimbenici omogućili su razvoj gradova u kojima se koncentrira sve veći udio ukupnog svjetskog stanovništva. Gradovi su postali politički, ekonomski i društveno-kulturni centri, a svojim razvojem zauzimaju prostor i intenzivno koriste resurse, dok urbani način života negativno utječe na okoliš i klimatske promjene. Pri tome, razvoj gradova često na odgovarajući način ne prati potrebna infrastruktura i usluge, stoga su gradovi suočeni s problemom održivog razvoja kojemu je temeljni cilj osiguranje kvalitete života građanima. Uslijed procesa urbanizacije i rasta turizma, gradovi također postaju turistički centri koji infrastrukturom, sadržajima i atrakcijama privlače turiste. Koncentracija kapitala i inovacija u gradovima, razvoj komunikacijsko- informacijske i prometne tehnologije te promjene u turističkim trendovima doprinijele su tome, pri čemu se gradovi pretvaraju u urbane turističke destinacije u kojima se ostvaruje značajan udio ukupnog svjetskog turističkog prometa. Osim upravljanja održivim urbanim razvojem, gradovi su stoga suočeni s pritiskom turizma i mogućim negativnim učincima na okoliš. Gradovi Republike Hrvatske pod sličnim su utjecajem, budući da se u njima ostvaruje većina ukupnog hrvatskog turističkog prometa. Zbog toga gradovi moraju na odgovarajući način upravljati razvojem turizma, pri čemu koncept održivog razvoja predstavlja potencijalni model upravljanja održivim razvojem turizma urbanih turističkih destinacija Republike Hrvatske. Rad preispituje ograničenja implementacije koncepta održivog razvoja turizma u urbanim destinacijama Republike Hrvatske. S tog aspekta, u radu su istražene, analizirane te sustavno povezane i elaborirane dosadašnje znanstveno-stručne spoznaje iz područja održivog razvoja i turizma. Putem empirijskog istraživanja je istražen problem nemogućnosti implementacije koncepta i primjene općih pokazatelja održivog razvoja turizma u urbanim destinacijama Republike Hrvatske. Empirijsko istraživanje je provedeno na dionicima (javni i privatni sektor te civilno društvo, lokalno stanovništvo i turisti) osam hrvatskih urbanih destinacija. Istraživanjem je utvrđena primjenjivost postojećih općih pokazatelja održivog razvoja turizma, pri čemu su definirani specifični pokazatelji održivog razvoja turizma urbanih destinacija. Dodatno, radom je utvrđena veza između stupnja razvoja turizma i stupnja implementacije održivog razvoja turizma u urbanim destinacijama. Naposljetku, temeljem svih dobivenih rezultata kreiran je model održivog razvoja turizma urbane destinacije koji je primjenjiv prilikom osmišljavanja strateški održivog turističkog razvoja urbane destinacije. U radu su također utvrđena određena ograničenja i prilike turizma Republike Hrvatske te su dane preporuke za daljnja istraživanja iz područja interesa. Perspektive ovog rada proizlaze iz utvrđenih znanstveno-stručnih spoznaja vezanih uz primjenu koncepta i pokazatelja održivog razvoja turizma na globalnoj razini, a posebice na području Republike Hrvatske i njenih urbanih destinacija, Industrialization, urbanization and other factors have enabled the development of cities where an increasing share of the world total population is concentrated. Cities have become political, economic and socio-cultural centers, while their development takes up space and uses intensively Resources and urban lifestyle has a negative impact on the environment and climate change. In doing so, the development of cities often does not adequately monitor the necessary infrastructure and services, so towns are facing a problem of sustainable development whose basic objective is to ensure the quality of life for citizens. Due to the process of urbanization and growth of tourism, cities also become tourist centers that attract tourists with infrastructure, amenities and attractions. Concentration of capital and innovation in cities, the development of communication-information and transport technology and changes in tourist trends have contributed to the transformation of cities into urban tourist destinations in which a significant share of total world tourism is realized. In addition to managing sustainable urban development, cities are therefore faced with the pressure of tourism and the potential adverse effects on the environment. The cities of the Republic of Croatia are similarly influenced, as most of the total Croatian tourist traffic is realized. Because of this, cities need to properly manage the development of tourism, whereby the concept of sustainable development represents a potential model for the sustainable development of tourism in Croatia's urban tourist destinations. The paper examines the limitations of the implementation of the concept of sustainable tourism development in the urban destinations of the Republic of Croatia. From this point of view, the paper explored, analyzed and systematically related and elaborated the current scientific and professional knowledge from the field of sustainable development and tourism. Empirical research has explored the problem of the inability to implement the concept and the application of general indicators of sustainable development of tourism in the urban destinations of the Republic of Croatia. Empirical research was conducted on stakeholders (public and private sector and civil society, local population and tourists) of eight Croatian urban destinations. The research has established the applicability of the existing general indicators of sustainable tourism development, with specific indicators of sustainable development of urban destination destinations. In addition, the link between the degree of tourism development and the degree of implementation of sustainable tourism development in urban destinations has been established. Finally, based on all the results obtained, a model of sustainable urban tourism development was developed, which is applicable when designing a strategic sustainable tourism development of urban destination. The paper also lays down certain restrictions and opportunities for tourism in the Republic of Croatia and recommendations for further research in the area of ​​interest are given. The perspectives of this work stem from the established scientific and professional findings related to the application of the concept and indicators of sustainable tourism development on a global scale, especially in the territory of the Republic of Croatia and its urban destinations

Strategija razvoja turizma Grada Zadra za razdoblje 2016.–2026. godine temeljni je strateški razvojni dokument turizma Grada Zadra, a utemeljen je na smjernicama definiranim razvojnom strategijom turizma Zadarske županije iz 2013. godine te je usklađen s ostalim relevantnim nacionalnim, županijskim i gradskim planskim dokumentima. Temeljni cilj Strategije razvoja turizma Grada Zadra održivi je razvoj turizma, za koji Grad Zadar ima kvalitetne prirodne, kulturno- povijesne i društveno-gospodarske resurse. Dokument se temelji na primarnom istraživanju i sekundarnim podacima te u potpunosti prati suvremene teorijske i praktične spoznaje o strateškim aspektima turističkog razvoja. Svrha strategije je definiranje smjernica Grada Zadra kao urbane turističke destinacije koje će svim dionicima poslužiti kao putokaz u usmjeravanju i usuglašavanju njihovih pojedinačnih poslovnih strategija ka zajedničkom cilju održivog razvoja turizma. Strategijom se formulira jačanje konkurentnosti turističkog proizvoda Grada Zadra, s ciljem općeg društveno- gospodarskog razvoja Grada. Naručitelj studije je Turistička zajednica Grada Zadra, a u njenoj izradi su sudjelovali znanstvenici i stručnjaci Sveučilišta u Zadru i drugih suradničkih institucija. Voditeljica projekta i projektnog tima je doc. dr. sc. Božena Krce Miočić sa Sveučilišta u Zadru.

Tourism is usually linked to its economic and environmental impact, but not less valuable is its impact on socio-cultural elements. The social dimension of tourism is seen through tourists’ staying, movements and interaction with other tourists, as well as with residents of a certain tourist area. The extent and direction of the impact of tourism on residents significantly depend on the level of tourism development in a destination, on inclusion of residents in tourism offer as well as on momentary impact of tourism in the destination.The aim of this paper is to determine the mutual influence of tourism and local community in a tourist destination. The paper will present the results of a research of the attitude of residents conducted in Zadar County as a tourist destination during 2013. An accidental sample of the residents included 889 examinees belonging to various age groups. The research analyzed the residents' perception of the impact of tourism on Zadar County and their satisfaction with the level of tourism development and tourism offer. The research also determined in which activities the residents are involved in tourism as well as the ways for their future involvement. Moreover, the research identified the direct benefits from tourism for the destination, but also the externals conditioned by them. The conclusion proposes possible directions in reduction of the negative impact of tourism on local community and reinforcement of the positive interaction between tourists and residents.

In the latest extension of European Union, Croatia became its full member. Harmonization and adjustment process to the general European policy still lasts. At the same time, Croatia makes efforts to stabilize its economy, characterized by unemployment, lack of investments, high public consumption and decreased economic activities in general. In such situation, only tourism achieves positive results and it seems most of economic activities are directed to tourism. There are also great expectations from tourism, while is considered as possible generator of socio-economic development. Due to the actual impact on Croatian economy and society, tourism experiences certain changes, provided in order to improve quality of services and to adjust tourism offering to the current market trends. Therefore, tourism required different treatment which could stimulate its development and taxes in tourism are found as one of possible tools. Taxes in tourism could use as certain stimulus or benefit to tourism activities, although in actual situation where Croatian public sector significantly depends on the tax revenues and large tax levy, possibilities are limited. This paper provides an overview of taxes related to tourism in Croatia, analysing current situation in Croatia as member of EU. In this framework, data are given with aim to show possibilities and constraints of tourism development in Croatia, proposing some courses of action.

Experiencing devastation in mass tourism and transition processes Croatia kept some negative managing forms slowly adjusting its policy to European trends. In that process significant attention was paid to quality and systematic management as a combination of policy and behaviour settled with the aim to enable a continuous course of development. Intense efforts were made in establishment of order in managing natural, material and human resources. Harmonization process still lasts, although it shows progress and certain stabilization of management. Considering actual situation in Croatian economy, it can be seen how only tourism achieves positive results, so it stands to reason why tourism is often called “tourism industry” and perceived as possible facilitator of socio- economic development. It is hard to argument tourism could generate socio-economic development, although tourism policy on national level could enable its sustainable development and significant impact on society and economy. The aim of this paper is to examine the issues mentioned, focusing particularly on Croatian tourism and fiscal policy and the intention to create sustainable tourism development. The given framework includes an analysis of the current situation in Croatia as a member of the European Union as well as it shows possibilities and constraints of sustainable tourism development in Croatia.

Glavni plan razvoja turizma Zadarske županije 2013.-2023. temeljni je strateški razvojni dokument za sektor turizma ove županije, a utemeljen je na smjernicama definiranima razvojnom strategijom Zadarske županije iz 2011. godine. Riječ je o sektorskom planskom dokumentu za turizam koji je usklađen i s ostalim relevantnim nacionalnim, sektorskim i županijskim planskim dokumentima. Glavni plan razvoja turizma Zadarske županije postavio je kao osnovni strateški cilj održivi razvoj turizma Županije, za koji Zadarska županija ima kvalitetne prirodne i društveno-gospodarske preduvjete. Dokument se temelji na primarnim i sekundarnim istraživanjima te je u potpunosti usklađen sa suvremenim teoretskim i praktičnim spoznajama o strateškim aspektima turističkog razvoja. Plan ima za cilj poslužiti kao putokaz svim stakeholderima u usmjeravanju njihovih pojedinačnih poslovnih strategija ka zajedničkom cilju - održivom razvoju turizma Zadarske županije, utemeljenom na najnovijim tržišnim trendovima. Posljedično, Glavnim planom se predviđa jačanje konkurentnosti turističkog proizvoda Zadarske županije, a u svrhu svekolikog društvenog i gospodarskog razvoja ovoga kraja. Naručitelji studije su Zadarska županija i Turistička zajednica Zadarske županije, a u njenoj izradi su sudjelovali znanstvenici i stručnjaci Razvojne agencije Zadarske županije ZADRA d.o.o. i Sveučilišta u Zadru. Voditelj projekta i projektnog tima je mr. sc. Josip Matassi.

Tourism takes growing place in world wide. In Croatia tourism has also become an important socio-economic activity involving significant part of population. Regardless of ability of participating in tourism activities, Croatian households are still limited in making decision of tourism consumption. Household consumption consists of variety of basic needs and additional desires an ordinary lifestyle has to satisfy. Tourism consumption considers as additional or luxury need which satisfaction ranks differently depending of household preferences and possibilities. Household consumption or buying preference is generated by household members` behaviour and under the influence of changes of internal and external factors. In dynamic environment, household meets daily with problem of choice, deciding on combination of goods and services it’s going to consume. Although, household consumption preferences arise as a result of individual propensity or taste which creates specific order between certain goods and services, abstracting their cost and value added. Households are limited with different socio- economic parameters. Tumbling way to possibility of participation in tourism is very hard and unavailable category in conditions where relative standards of living determinate household consumption preferences. Household consumption and demand is particularly low-elastic when it comes to create preferences of participation in tourism. Participation in tourism considers interesting aspects of tourism demand analysis and this paper assumes some econometric elements of tourism demand analysis focused on household decision whether or not to participate in tourism. A survey was conducted on sample of Croatian households attempting to examine household constraints of tourism consumption. Participation in tourism is considered as household possibility of tourism consumption by affording all its members one week holiday/vacation or tourism travelling. Gathered data were based on economic and socio-demographic situation of adult household members. Tourism consumption is dependent variable influenced by different socio-economic variables. Several independent variables have been chosen and assumed as most important in order to determinate the degree of constraints of tourism consumption. Starting financial variable was average monthly net income of adult household members. Strongly related to income, status of employment is settled as second variable. Category derived from mentioned variables was capacity of saving. Variables such as age, education and health status were observed as potential social constraints of tourism consumption. Assumption that majority of Croatian households are not able to participate in tourism is placed in actual situation an average Croatian household is going trough, considering there is connection between mentioned variables. Results were used to present hard situation of Croatian households and possibility of affording tourism consumption

Restaurant industry is faced with different oscillations in tourism demand. One of the major causes of some deviant business activities is certainly seasonality. In short- term, such negative trend means crisis and requires engagement of certain resources and employment of different strategies. Restaurant industry is particularly affected and very sensitive to seasonality where caused changes have significant impact on its business. Restaurant managers are forced to undertake appropriate actions as a response to upcoming situation. Considering possible strategies, they have to balance between ability of influencing on season extension and adjusting business to unavoidable situation, in order to maintain positive cost-benefit results. A survey was conducted on sample of restaurants in city of Zadar (Croatia) and narrower area, where owners and restaurant managers, through the structured questionnaire evaluated importance of usage of necessary measures. Questionnaire has discussed issues of marketing, restaurant maintenance and human resources. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics methods and illustrated as practices managers considered important and useful in struggle to crisis called off-season period. Results were presented as workable solution and recommendations for future research and crisis management.

Tourism at the beginning of the 21 century shows in the most evident way how fragmented and dispersed is the overall development of socioeconomic life at micro and macro level of human existence. So far we have witnessed almost epical conflict between mass tourism and responsible tourism, between the economy of scale and the sustainable tourism development. Awareness and media dispersion of global crisis, acceptance of the idea that we live in a growing risk societies enables further rise of questions about tourism development and how to manage, shape and optimize all advances of accelerated technological development and change. Specific tourism development has seen special attention during last two decades and we are facing growing importance in scientific research activities oriented towards tailored tourism experience, hence all range of activities oriented towards specific destination management and marketing of specific tourism products and experiences. Travels based on religious feeling are profoundly rooted in the evolution of mankind as well as in the whole evolution of tourism. Religious tourism is that form of specific tourism that is strongly motivated for religious purpose and belief. One of the oldest types of human mobility, today it should be differentiated into several distinctive clusters. Different clusters of religious tourism need to be distinguished by their specific characteristics such as number of participants, modes of transport, number of travel per year, social structure of participants, strength of emotions and depth of religious experience. The research is based on the international meeting of catholic youth in Zadar in May 2010. As one of the most important religious event in the region of Zadar, it has attracted more than 25000 thousand of participants from several countries. In order to determine the motives and satisfaction of participants to above mentioned meeting, a survey was conducted among restricted number of participants. The resulting data were analyzed by methods of descriptive statistics in order to determine the profiles and motivations of religious participants. The scientific aim is to provide valuable information and insight of economic, sociocultural and glocal development of Zadar and its region due to existing opportunities of religious tourism development.

Turizam posljednjih desetljeća proživljava zamjetan napredak u svim segmentima poslovanja. Neosporan temelj pozitivnih promjena svakako predstavlja tehnologija, stvorivši konstruktivnu platformu za jednostavnu, brzu i sigurnu komunikaciju. Moderna komunikacija zahtjeva podršku sofisticirane tehnologije, te se nametnula kao standard bez kojeg nije moguće pratiti aktualne trendove. U tom dijelu značajno mjesto zauzima Internet, virtualni medij koji je zbog svojih karakteristika pronašao široku primjenu u društvenom i poslovnom životu ljudi. Postao je toliko snažan i koristan element svakodnevnice, da je gotovo nemoguće zamisliti život bez njega. Internet je stvorio svijet bez granica, u kojem informacija postaje dostupna u svakom trenutku i na svakom mjestu. Funkcionalnost Interneta se očituje i u turizmu, kroz bolju povezanosti udaljenih mjesta i lakoće organizacije putovanja. Omogućio je turističkoj ponudi da kreira i ponudi diverzificiranu paletu proizvoda i usluga, te ih približi potražnji s ciljanim dopiranjem do krajnjeg kupca. Na društvenom planu Internet je prouzročio određene devijacije u ponašanju, no virtulano je približio korisnike i omogućio blisku komunikaciju. U posljednje se vrijeme ta komunikacija obavlja putem različitih društvenih mreža, na kojima se, osim izravne komunikacije, razmjenjuju iskustva prema područjima interesa. Slična ideja pokrenula je CouchSurfing portal, u namjeri da omogući njegovim pripadnicima iskustvo putovanja i prijateljstva po čitavom svijetu. Različitosti koje nudi CuochSurfing kao način putovanja, nastao na temelju komunikacijsko informacijske tehnologije pronašao je svoje implikacije u turizmu. Aktivnosti CouchSurfinga prikazane su kroz primarno istraživanje provedeno na Interentu, a dobiveni rezultati su dovedeni u vezu s komunikacijsko informacijskom tehnologijom i utjecajem na turizam.

Tourism is one of the backbones not only for the Croatian but also for the world economy. In addition to various economic and environmental effects that tourism achieves in the receptive country, it also leads to an encounter of different cultures. And exactly this encounter between guest and host allows the introduction and transmission of cultural elements that enriches both sides, but it also leads to different sociocultural changes. In its essence, this global process must remain national in order to keep enough pull factors that will be attractive to tourists who are eager to learn more about new cultures. Within this, tourism services, as an integral part of the tourism offer, must retain its originality and its own cultural identity while respecting the characteristics of different cultures. Results of researches conducted so far show that the Internet is a medium that tourists increasingly use as a mean of gathering information, but also as a mean that increasingly affects the decision making process of selecting a tourist destination. Therefore, the basic aim of this paper is the recognition of the importance of respecting the diversity of cultures in the intercultural communication that occurs in junction of tourism supply and demand in the virtual environment. The paper will present the results of a content analyses conducted on web portals of tourist boards, hotel companies, marinas and camps, where the level of interculturalism that is observed is set by a theoretical model. The analysis of collected data will consist of the descriptive statistics method and the data will be interpreted in applicable results.

Innovation is a key success factor in today’s market and, consequently, innovative entrepreneurship in the modern economy is the very driving force that positively affects the development of technology and knowledge, encourages new jobs and ultimately leads to the general stability of society. A particularly important segment of entrepreneurship is small and medium-sized enterprises, which makes up the majority of the total number of companies in developed economies. Croatia is one of the countries going through the transitional process of changing their social system from socialism to capitalism. Socialism in its essence involved job security and uniformity and was not an incentive setting for the exercise of individual creativity, innovation and entrepreneurial productivity. Therefore, the process of transition inevitably requires from individuals to change their perception in favour of larger entrepreneurial initiative. Researches suggest that this process has not been fully accomplished. Its objectives must ultimately result in competitive and dynamic economy based on knowledge and technology, capable of sustainable development, creation of more quality jobs and a stronger social integration. Despite the instability of the market, Croatia by means of various measures and incentives is trying to encourage entrepreneurial development and catch up with more developed European countries. Tourism is a fundamental activity in Croatian economy and accounts for the most important element in its GDP and is constantly evolving and improving. Tourism and entrepreneurship are in strong interaction, because fresh ideas and changes are a prerequisite for the survival of a destination in the tourist market. Due to the transition trends and the global crisis which led to dramatic changes in the labour market, new young generations are in a highly disadvantaged position. The positive shift is possible through their entrepreneurial involvement, based on knowledge, innovation, strength and willingness to contribute to the development of the economy, especially tourism, as the only sector recording positive results. The aim of this paper is to explore attitudes about employment or, in other words, the willingness of the new generation of young people to work for others or to start their own business, to examine their entrepreneurial potential and the motives and reasons for (not) starting-up their own business. In particular, it discusses their entrepreneurial propensity to participate in the tourism supply. The assumption is that students of tourism are more inclined to entrepreneurial ventures. A survey was carried out through a structured questionnaire on a sample of students of the University of Zadar. The collected data were analyzed by methods of descriptive statistics and the research results were presented as workable solutions for the development of a model meant to encourage entrepreneurship among the student population.

U ovom diplomskom radu posebna je pozornost dana novim trendovima i njihovoj implementaciji u svjetskoj i hrvatskoj kamping ponudi. Problem istraživanja temelji se na istraživačkom pitanju, odnosno tome prati li Hrvatska kao razvijena kamping destinacija svjetske turističke trendove u kamping turizmu, dok predmet istraživanja čini analiza kamping turizma kao važnog segmenta hrvatske turističke ponude s naglaskom na nove trendove u razvoju kamping proizvoda. Prema navedenom problemu i premetu rada, ciljevi ovog istraživanja su utvrditi stanje i trendove u kamping turizmu u svijetu i RH, utvrditi mogućnosti i ograničenja ulaganja u nove i drugačije smještajne kapacitete u kamping turizmu kao i druge komplementarne sadržaje te ukazati na važnost daljnjeg razvoja kamping turizma u ukupnoj turističkoj ponudi Republike Hrvatske. Bit kampiranja s godinama se nije promijenila, ostala je ista, a glavna razlika je ta što je danas spektar mogućnosti prilikom kampiranja širi i pojedincima na raspolaganju stoji mnoštvo moderne opreme koja kampiranje čini odmorom u pravom smislu te riječi. U zadnjih nekoliko godina u sektoru ugostiteljstva i hotelijerstva na otvorenom dogodile su se mnoge promjene, a europsko kamping tržište obilježilo je nekoliko prisutnih trendova koji se javljaju kao posljedica promjena stilova kampiranja, ali i implementacije novih proizvoda i usluga u kamping ponudu. Sve je više kampova i resorta koji u svoju uslugu uvrštavaju spa i wellness elemente i time svoje poslovanje dižu na sasvim novu razinu. Održivi razvoj i ekološko poslovanje trendovi su koji sve više mjesta pronalaze i u kampovima, no postavlja se pitanje isplativosti i prepoznavanje kvalitete takvih kampova. Najznačajniji trend je glamping, odnosno povratak ka komfornom i luksuznom smještaju u prirodnom okruženje koji se unazad petnaest godina razvio u cijelom svijetu. Zahvaljujući uvođenju novih trendova u poslovanje, mnogi kampovi pretvoreni su u velike resorte s naglašenom getoizacijom i svim potencijalno potrebnim sadržajima uključenim unutar granica samog resorta. Pojedini kampovi naglasak su stavili na smještaj na parcelama, dok su drugi naglasak stavili na inovativnim i kreativnim smještajnim jedinicama, posebice glamping smještajne jedinice i mobilne kućice s različitim varijacijama. U svrhu istraživanja trendova u kamping turizmu provedeni su polustrukturirani intervjui s predstavnicima kampova i privatnih glamping objekata na području Republike Hrvatske. Voditelji recepcija kampova, vlasnici objekata i direktori kampova sudjelovali su u istraživanju kao ispitanici te su odgovorima dali svoje viđenje kamping turizma u RH. Pojedini objekti izabrani su zbog karakteristika svoje ponude koje jednim dijelom ili većinski odgovaraju nizu navedenih i prepoznatih trendova u svijetu kamping turizma. Broj pitanja u sklopu intervjua je varirao, ovisno o objektu kojemu su pitanja namijenjena, a sam razgovor trajao je između 45 i 60 minuta. Kroz razgovore s ispitanicima zaključeno je kako Hrvatska kao razvijena kamping destinacija uistinu prati turističke trendove u kamping turizmu. Pojedini trendovi zastupljeni su u većoj mjeri, pojedini se nastoje implementirati, dok su treći zastupljeni tek u tragovima. Trend koji je u hrvatskoj kamping ponudi najviše zastupljen je glamping. Održivi razvoj i eko kampovi kao takvi zadnjih nekoliko godina nastoje se sve više implementirati u poslovanje kampova. Zdravstveni i wellness sadržaji u kampovima u Hrvatskoj, kada se usporede s onima npr. u Italiji i Njemačkoj, još su uvijek na svojim počecima, i javljaju se najvećim dijelom samo u tragovima. Potencijala za nadogradnju hrvatske kamping ponude s novim trendovima svakako ima, no najveći problem koje se javlja je pitanje isplativosti što čini ujedno i jedno od najvećih ograničenja. Prije investiranja u nove sadržaje potrebno je provesti studije isplativosti. S obzirom na to da se ovaj rad prvenstveno oslanjao na nove trendove u kampingu te je kroz istraživanje utvrđeno koji su trendovi najzastupljeniji, vrlo bi korisno bilo za buduća istraživanja, kada bi se pojedinačni glamping objekti na području RH objedinili u svojevrsni digitalni katalog s osnovnim informacijama. Preporuča se i provedba istraživanja među kampistima koji borave u kampovima koji nude smještaj u mobilnim kućicama i glamping objektima te u svojoj ponudi sadrže pojedine elemente inspirirane aktualnim trendovima kako bi se došlo do stavova i mišljenja stvarnih korisnika. In this thesis, special attention is paid to new trends and their implementation in the global and Croatian camping offer. The research problem is based on a research question, i e. whether Croatia as a developed camping destination follows world tourist trends in camping tourism, while the subject of the research is the analysis of camping tourism as an important segment of Croatian tourist offer with an emphasis on new trends in the development of camping products. According to the stated problem and purpose of the work, the goals of this research are to determine the state and trends in camping tourism in the world and in the Republic of Croatia, to determine the possibilities and limitations of investment in new and different accommodation capacities in camping tourism as well as other complementary contents, and to point out the importance of further development of camping tourism in the total tourist offer of the Republic of Croatia. The essence of camping has not changed over the years, it has remained the same, and the main difference is that today the spectrum of possibilities when camping is wider and individuals have a lot of modern equipment at their disposal, which makes camping a vacation in the true sense of the word. In the last few years, many changes have taken place in the outdoor hospitality and hotel industry, and the European camping market has been marked by several current trends that occur as a result of changes in camping styles, as well as the implementation of new products and services in the camping offer. There are more and more camps and resorts that include spa and wellness elements in their service and thereby raise their business to a whole new level. Sustainable development and ecological business are trends that are finding more and more places in camps, but the question of profitability and recognition of the quality of such camps still arises. The most significant trend is glamping, i.e., the return to comfortable and luxurious accommodation in a natural environment, which has developed all over the world in the past fifteen years. Thanks to the introduction of new trends in business, many camps have been turned into large resorts with emphasized ghettoization and all potentially necessary facilities included within the boundaries of the resort itself. Some camps put emphasis on accommodation on pitches, while others put emphasis on innovative and creative accommodation units, especially glamping accommodation units and mobile homes with different variations. In order to research trends in camping tourism, semi-structured interviews were conducted with representatives of camps and private glamping facilities in the Republic of Croatia. Heads of camp receptions, facility owners and camp directors participated in the research as respondents and gave their views on camping tourism in the Republic of Croatia. Some facilities were chosen due to the characteristics of their offer, which partly or mostly correspond to a series of stated and recognized trends in the world of camping tourism. The number of questions in the interview varied, depending on the facility to which the questions were addressed, and the interview itself lasted between 45 and 60 minutes. Through interviews with respondents, it was concluded that Croatia, as a developed camping destination, truly follows tourist trends in camping tourism. Certain trends are represented to a greater extent, some are trying to be implemented, while others are represented only in traces. The most popular trend in Croatian camping is glamping. Sustainable development and eco-camps as such have been increasingly implemented in camp business for the past few years. Health and wellness facilities in camps in Croatia, when compared to those in, for example, Italy and Germany, are still in their infancy, and appear mostly only in traces. There is certainly potential for upgrading the Croatian camping offer with new trends, but the biggest problem that arises is the question of profitability, which is also one of the biggest limitations. Before investing in new contents, it is necessary to carry out profitability studies. Considering that this work was primarily based on new trends in camping and through research it was determined which trends are the most represented, it would be very useful for future research if individual glamping facilities in the territory of the Republic of Croatia were combined into a kind of digital catalog with basic information. It is also recommended to carry out research among campers who stay in camps that offer accommodation in mobile homes and glamping facilities and in their offer contain certain elements inspired by current trends in order to get the attitudes and opinions of real users.

Predmet istraživanja u ovom diplomskom radu je istražiti i analizirati negativne učinke masovnog i festivalskog turizma u turističkoj destinaciji. Ciljevi istraživanja su utvrditi učinke masovnog i festivalskog turizma, utvrditi specifičnosti atrakcijske i resursne osnove grada Novalje i otoka Paga, utvrditi stavove lokalnog stanovništva o utjecaju turizma u Novalji, utvrditi mogućnosti razvoja drugih oblika turizma u Novalji, predložiti smjernice budućeg razvoja turizma grada Novalje. Za provođenje istraživanja o utjecaju festivalskog turizma na održivi razvoj turizma grada Novalje, njegovim učincima i mogućim budućim smjerovima razvitka turizma u gradu Novalji korišten je polustrukturirani anketni upitnik koji je proveden na lokalnom stanovništvu i polustrukturirani intervju koji je proveden s dionicima turizma grada Novalje. Intervjuirano je pet dionika turizma grada Novalje, a anketnim je upitnikom prikupljen 101 odgovor. Što se tiče stavova lokalnog stanovništva o utjecaju turizma na grad Novalju, ispitanici se slažu kako festivalski turizam ima pozitivne učinke na destinaciju, ali je potrebno raditi na održivom razvoju kako ove vrste turizma, tako i razvijati ostale oblike turizma. Analiza odgovora ispitanika s obzirom na dob, uključenost u turizam i s obzirom na područje stalnog prebivališta građana Novalje, pokazala je kako nema razlike u stavovima, što se može protumačiti kao zajednička želja cijele lokalne zajednice da turizam ide u smjeru održivosti. Od ostalih oblika turizma prikladnim se utvrđuje „outdoor” turizam koji može imati pozitivne učinke na produljenje sezone, zaštitu okoliša, održivog razvoja te očuvanje kulturne i povijesne baštine. The subject of research in this thesis examines and analyzes the negative effects of mass and festival tourism in tourist destinations. The objectives of the research are to determine the effects of mass and festival tourism, to determine the specifics of the attraction and resource base of Novalja and the island of Pag, to determine the attitudes of local people about the impact of tourism in Novalja, to identify opportunities for other forms of tourism in Novalja. To conduct research on the impact of festival tourism on the sustainable development of tourism in Novalja, its effects and possible future directions of tourism development in Novalja, we used a semi-structured questionnaire conducted by the local population and a semi-structured interview with stakeholders in Novalja. Five stakeholders of tourism in the city of Novalja were interviewed, and 101 answers were collected through a questionnaire. Regarding the attitudes of the local population about the impact of tourism on the city of Novalja, respondents agree that festival tourism has positive effects on the destination, but it is necessary to work on sustainable development of these types of tourism and other forms of tourism. Analysis of respondents' responses with regard to age, involvement in tourism and the area of residence of Novalja citizens, shows that there is no difference in attitudes, which can be interpreted as a common desire of the whole local community that tourism goes in the direction of sustainability. Among other forms of tourism, "outdoor" tourism is considered appropriate, which can have positive effects on seasonal production, environmental protection, sustainable development, and cultural and historical heritage.

U ovom radu prikazana je analiza postojećih teorija i modela postupanja u uvjetima krize u odgojno-obrazovnim ustanovama u svijetu i Republici Hrvatskoj. Također su prikazani rezultati provedenog empirijskog istraživanja. Kvalitativnim istraživanjem putem polustrukturiranog intervjua ispitani su stavovi dionika odgojno-obrazovnih ustanova o postojanju kriznog menadžmenta i kriznog komuniciranja u odgojno-obrazovnim ustanovama u Republici Hrvatskoj kako bi se dobili odgovori na postavljena istraživačka pitanja. Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi glavne uzroke i posljedice kriznih situacija, zatim utvrditi obilježja kao i mogućnosti i ograničenja primjene kriznog menadžmenta i kriznog komuniciranja u odgojno-obrazovnim ustanovama u Republici Hrvatskoj. Rezultati provedenog istraživanja ukazuju da je sustav odgoja i obrazovanja na nacionalnoj, a samim time i na lokalnoj razini, neučinkovit u području upravljanja krizama, iako postoje određeni protokoli i pravilnici po kojima se u određenim kriznim situacijama postupa. Rezultati su pokazali da odgojno-obrazovne ustanove krizne situacije dočekaju nespremne te da uspješnost i učinkovitost ovladavanja krizom u najvećoj mjeri ovisi o vodstvu ustanove, odnosno ravnateljima. Nadalje, istraživanjem se utvrdilo da je za uspješno rješavanje krize potrebno imati osposobljenu osobu za krizne situacije, zatim, formirane timove unutar ustanova koji bi redovito uvježbavali unaprijed izrađene planove za rješavanje krize i krizno komuniciranje. Na temelju svega utvrđene su mogućnosti primjene kriznog menadžmenta i kriznog komuniciranja, ali istovremeno su utvrđena i određena ograničenja. Znanstveni doprinos istraživanja nalazi se u poticanju ravnatelja, i svih ostalih dionika, za bolje razumijevanje teme, ali i poticanju znanstvenika i stručnjaka da povećaju broj istraživanja u području kriznog menadžmenta u odgojno-obrazovnim ustanovama u Republici Hrvatskoj. This paper presents an analysis of existing theories and models of crisis management in educational institutions in the world and the Republic of Croatia. The results of the empirical research are also presented. Qualitative research through a semi-structured interview examined the attitudes of stakeholders of educational institutions about the existence of crisis management and crisis communication in educational institutions in the Republic of Croatia in order to get answers to the questions posed by research. The aim of the research was to determine the main causes and consequences of crisis situations, then to determine the characteristics as well as the possibilities and limitations of the application of crisis management and crisis communication in educational institutions in the Republic of Croatia. The results of the conducted research indicate that the system of education at the national, and therefore at the local level, is inefficient in the field of crisis management, although there are certain protocols and regulations by which such situations are treated. The results have shown that educational institutions are greeted with crisis situations unprepared and that the success and effectiveness of crisis management largely depends on the leadership of the institution, i.e., principals. Furthermore, the research has established that in order to successfully resolve the crisis, it is necessary to have a qualified person and formed teams for crisis situations within institutions that would regularly conduct trainings of other stakeholders for crisis resolution and crisis communication. Based on everything, the possibilities of applying crisis management and crisis communication have been determined, but at the same time certain limitations have been established. The scientific contribution of the research is to encourage principals, and all other stakeholders, to better understand the topic, but also to encourage scientists and experts to increase the number of research in the field of crisis management in educational institutions in the Republic of Croatia.

Kako bi se bolje razvijao turizam važno je shvatiti ponašanje potrošača, odnosno predvidjeti buduće turističko ponašanje. Potrošačko ponašanje i društveno ponašanje u velikoj se mjeri preklapaju pa je stoga proučavanje potrošačkog ponašanja originalan aspekt socijalne psihologije. Proučavanjem unutrašnjih i vanjskih čimbenika došlo se do zaključka kako su upravo oni ti koji utječu na kupnju, odnosno u slučaju ovog diplomskog rada, utječu na odluku o putovanju i turističkoj potrošnji u slučaju rastavljenih obitelji. Proces donošenja odluke o odmoru, često je rezultat zajedničkog odlučivanja između članova kućanstva kada putuju zajedno, uzimajući u obzir da i djeca imaju utjecaj na donošenje odluka prilikom planiranja putovanja, kako u grupnom donošenju odluka, tako i ponašanja grupe. Problem istraživanja postavljen je u obliku istraživačkog pitanja: je li status obitelji, u ovom slučaju status rastavljene obitelji, utječe na korištenje financijskih sredstava te u skladu s time na korištenje financijskih sredstava u turističke svrhe. Iz prethodno napisanog, predmet ovog istraživanja je istražiti i analizirati odnos turističke potrošnje i statusa obitelji, odnosno istražiti na koji način i u kolikoj mjeri status rastavljene obitelji utječe na potrošnju u turističke svrhe. Provedenim istraživanjem među 12 ispitanika, 6 muškaraca i 6 žena, evidentno je da status obitelji ne utječe u značajnoj mjeri na korištenje financijskih sredstava kućanstva u turističke svrhe čime je odgovoreno na prvo od dva postavljena istraživačka pitanja. Iz istraživanja je vidljivo kako 58% ispitanika ne putuje u turističke svrhe da bi provodilo vrijeme s djecom te se iz toga da zaključiti da u slučaju rastavljenih obitelji, roditelji svoje slobodno vrijeme troše na turističke aktivnosti, ali iz osobnih razloga koji nisu nužno vezani za provođenje vremena s djecom. In order to better develop tourism, it is important to understand consumer behavior, that is, to predict future tourist behavior. Consumer behavior and social behavior overlap to a large extent, so the study of consumer behavior is an original aspect of social psychology. By studying internal and external factors, it was concluded that they are the ones that influence the purchase, that is, in the case of this thesis, they influence the decision on travel and tourist consumption in the case of separated families. The vacation decision-making process is often the result of joint decision-making between household members when they travel together, taking into account that children also have an influence on decision-making when planning a trip, both in group decision-making and group behavior. The research problem is posed in the form of a research question: does the status of the family, in this case the status of a separated family, affect the use of financial resources and, accordingly, the use of financial resources for tourism purposes. Based on the above, the purpose of this research is to investigate and analyze the relationship between tourist consumption and family status, that is, to investigate how and to what extent the status of a separated family affects consumption for tourism purposes. Based on the research conducted among 12 respondents, 6 men and 6 women, it is evident that family status does not significantly affect the use of household financial resources for tourism purposes, thus answering the first of the two research questions. The research shows that 58% of respondents do not travel for tourist purposes in order to spend time with their children, and from this it can be concluded that in the case of separated families, parents spend their free time on tourist activities, but for personal reasons that are not necessarily related to time with children.

U ovome diplomskom radu naglasak je na turizmu u Brodsko-posavskoj županiji te stavovima lokalnog stanovništva o trenutnom i budućem razvoju turizma na području županije. Prvi dio rada prikazuje teorijski dio, odnosno odnosi se na pregled turizma u svijetu i Hrvatskoj te pobliže prikazuje i pojašnjava stanje turističkog razvoja u Slavoniji s naglaskom na Brodsko-posavsku županiju. Analiza turizma u svijetu, podijeljena prema kategorijama UNWTO-a, odnosno prema šest turističkih regija ukazuje na to da je turizam razvijen diljem svijeta te da se ponuda uvelike razlikuje od mjesta do mjesta. Nakon pojašnjenja turizma u svijetu, analiziran je turizam u Republici Hrvatskoj te problemi poput sezonalnosti te neravnomjerne raspodjele turističkog prometa i razvoja. S obzirom na temu rada, pobliže su pojašnjeni potencijali Slavonije kao turističke destinacije, a detaljno je pojašnjena turistička resursno-atrakcijska ponuda Brodsko-posavske županije. Na temelju analize vidljivo je da je čitavo područje bogato brojnim resursima te ima potencijal za razvoj turizma u budućnosti. Cilj ovoga rada bio je utvrditi stavove lokalnog stanovništva o turizmu Brodsko-posavske županije. Kako bi se cilj ostvario, provedeno je primarno empirijsko istraživanje. Anketom je ispitano lokalno stanovništvo, a dobiveni rezultati statistički su obrađeni. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da lokalno stanovništvo Brodsko-posavske županije prepoznaje sve potencijale koje županija posjeduje te vide mogućnost daljnjeg razvoja turizma. Lokalno stanovništvo smatra da su bogata kulturna baština i gastro ponuda jedni od glavnih aduta županije. Iako nezadovoljni s određenim česticama, rezultati pokazuju da uz budući razvoj, unaprijeđenje poslovanja, aktivnu participaciju i uključivanje lokalnog stanovništva i mladih županija može postati prepoznatljiva turistička destinacija. Na temelju teorijske analize i dobivenih rezultata istraživanja, vidljivo je da Slavonija te područje Brodsko-posavske županije predstavljaju jedan od velikih potencijala za razvoj turizma te obogaćivanje cjelokupne turističke ponude države. This master’s thesis focuses on tourism in the Brod-Posavina County and the views of the local population on current and future development of tourism in the county. The first part of the paper offers a theoretical framework, that is, an overview of tourism in the world and in Croatia, showing and explaining the state of tourism development in Slavonia with an emphasis on the Brod-Posavina County. The analysis of tourism in the world, divided according to UNWTO categories, indicates that tourism is developed all over the world and that the tourism offer differs greatly from place to place. After the clarification of tourism in the world, the tourism in the Republic of Croatia and its problems, such as seasonality and uneven distribution of tourist traffic and development, were analyzed. Later, this thesis investigates the potential of Slavonia as a tourist destination as well as the tourist resource-attraction offer of the Brod-Posavina County, which was explained in detail. After close inspection, it is evident that the entire area is rich in numerous resources and has potential for the development of tourism in the future. The aim of this work was to determine the attitudes of the local population about tourism in the Brod-Posavina County. In order to do so, a primary empirical research was conducted. A survey was carried out among the local population, and the obtained results were statistically processed. The results of the research show that the local population of Brod-Posavina County recognizes all the potential that the county possesses and sees the possibility of further development of tourism. The rich cultural heritage and gastronomic offer are considered to be some of the main assets of the county. Although dissatisfied with certain aspects such as tourism promotion and youth involvement, the results show that with future development, business improvement and further promotion, the county can become a recognizable tourist destination. Based on the theoretical analysis and the research results, it is evident that Slavonia and the area of Brod-Posavina County represent one of the great potentials for the development and enrichment of the entire tourist offer of the country.

Motivacija turista za odlazak na putovanje te odabir destinacije za sobom povlače dugoročan proces koji je pod utjecajem velikog broja čimbenika, bilo da su posjetitelji toga svjesni ili ne. Definirajući motive i želje koji pokreću taj proces doveo nas je do podjele turizma na potkategorije, od kojih je jedan i kulturni turizam, čija je glavna tema ovog diplomskog rada. Uzimajući u obzir navedene karakteristike, pogotovo informaciju da se kulturni turist pomlađuje tijekom vremena, cilj ovog diplomskog rada bio je istražiti koliko se mlađe grupne skupine s drugačijim radnim odnosom u suvremenom svijetu, primanjima i interesima mogu uklopiti u definiciju kulturnog turista. Za razumijevanje kulturnog turizma, bilo je neophodno razmotriti definiciju i poimanje same kulture i turizma, te kako međusobno utječu jedno na drugo. Samom interpretacijom definiran je kulturni turizam, međutim, kako postoji veliki broj definiranja kulture, teško je prihvatiti samo jednu definiciju kulturnog turizma, i samim time, kulturnog turista. Pa ipak, sagledavajući informacije koje su poznate o kulturnim turistima, tijekom istraživanja provedenog u sklopu diplomskog rada prikupljeni su podaci od ispitanika koji spadaju u ciljnu skupinu u dobi između 18 i 29 godina, istražujući koliko važnu ulogu ima njihov doticaj s kulturom na odabir destinacija putovanja pomoću polustrukturiranog upitnika distribuiranog preko interneta. Analizirajući prikupljene rezultate pomoću tri glavne skupine – sociodemografske karakteristike (dob, spol, osobna mjesečna primanja, trajanje radnog odnosa) prošla iskustva s kulturom ispitanika te njihovi interesi i slobodno vrijeme, anketa je distribuirana među hrvatskim i britanskim stanovništvom, te su rezultati uspoređeni kako bi se ustanovilo postoji li razlika u navedenim faktorima zbog različite etničke pripadnosti. Od ukupno 119 prikupljenih odgovora, zaključeno je kako kultura, iako nije primarni, odnosno odlučujući motiv koji potakne putnika da krene na putovanje, sigurno spada u jedan od tri najvažnija. Međutim, kultura nije primarni fokus putovanja ispitanika koji su sudjelovali u ovom istraživanju, već ispitanici spadaju u definiciju kulturnog turista sa sekundarnom motivacijom, što znači da iako su u konstantnoj interakciji s kulturom posjećene destinacije, nisu nužno svjesni učinka koji kultura ostavlja na njih. The motivation of tourists to go on a trip and the choice of a destination entails a long-term process that is influenced by many factors, whether visitors are aware of it or not. Defining the motives and desires that drive this process led us to divide tourism into subcategories, one of which is cultural tourism, which is the main topic of this thesis. Considering the aforementioned characteristics, especially the information that the cultural tourist gets younger over time, the goal of this thesis was to investigate how much younger groups with different work relationships in the modern world, incomes and interests can fit into the definition of a cultural tourist. To understand cultural tourism, it was necessary to consider the definition and understanding of culture and tourism itself, and how they mutually influence each other. Cultural tourism is defined by the interpretation itself, however, as there are a large number of definitions of culture, it is difficult to accept only one definition of cultural tourism, and thus, a cultural tourist. And yet, looking at the information that is known about cultural tourists, during the research carried out as part of the diploma thesis, data was collected from respondents who belong to the target group between the ages of 18 and 29, investigating how important a role their contact with culture has on the choice of travel destinations. using a semi-structured questionnaire distributed over the Internet. Analyzing the collected results using three main groups - sociodemographic characteristics (age, gender, personal monthly income, length of employment), past experiences with the respondents' culture and their interests and free time, the survey was distributed among the Croatian and British population, and the results were compared to it was established whether there is a difference in the mentioned factors due to different ethnicity. Out of a total of 119 answers collected, it was concluded that culture, although it is not the primary, i.e., decisive motive that encourages a traveler to go on a trip, certainly belongs to one of the three most important. However, culture is not the primary focus of the travel of the respondents who participated in this research, but the respondents belong to the definition of a cultural tourist with secondary motivation, which means that although they are in constant interaction with the culture of the visited destinations, they are not necessarily aware of the effect that culture leaves on them.

Turističke agencije predstavljaju ključne čimbenike turističke destinacije. Poslovanje turističkih agencija čine poslovi sirokoga djelokruga s uvjetnom podjelom poslova na one poslove u kojima prevladava karakteristika poduzetne turističke usluge, receptivne turističke usluge, pružanje i posredovanje transportnih usluga za goste i pružanje ili posredovanje drugih usluga kojima se upotpunjuje cjelokupna turistička usluga. Funkcije turističkih agencija mogu se podijeliti u četiri temeljne kategorije: informativno-savjetodavna funkcija, propagandna funkcija, posrednička fukncija te organizatorska funkcija. Navedene funkcije, kao i cjelokupno poslovanje ugroženi su posljedicama kriza koje dovode do znatnog smanjenja prihoda i problema s likvidnošću turističkih agencija. Hrvatska prema udjelu turizma u bruto društvenom proizvodu (BDP) zauzima visoko mjesto u odnosu na druge zemlje članice Europske unije (EU) zbog čega važno održava stečenu predodžbu sigurne turističke destinacije. Kako bi se smanjili utjecaji rizika, važna je uspostava dobre suradnje između različitih sudionika turizma s onima koji se bave sigurnošću. Sigurnost u turizmu više nije moguće postići bez učinkovitog strateškog djelovanja kriznog menadžmenta u kojemu moraju biti uključeni i povezani svi turistički subjekti. Uz centralnu ulogu koju za turističku sigurnost ima suradnja institucionalnih i zakonodavnih tijela, poželjna je i potrebna uspostava parterstva različitih sudionika koje se ostvaruje planiranjem i realizacijom zajedničkih edukacijskih aktivnosti te međusobnom razmjenom informacija, a uvelike bi se trebalo oslanjati i na iskustva iz prošlih kriza. Cilj rada bio je ustvrditi obilježja poslovanja turističkih agencija u suvremenom turizmu, obilježja kriza i njihov utjecaj na turizam, utjecaje kriza i rizika na poslovanje turističkih agencija, uputiti na važnost kriznog menadžmenta prilikom upravljanja rizicima i predložiti smjernice za upravljanje rizicima u poslovanju turističkih agencija. U radu je provedeno istraživanje o utjecaju kriza i rizika na poslovanje turističkih agencija. Koristilo se polustrukturiranim intervjuom kao metodom prikupljanja podataka o trenutačnom stanju utjecaja kriza i rizika na poslovanje turističkih agencija. Osnovno istraživačko pitanje tražilo je odgovor na to kako krize i rizici utječu na poslovanje turističkih agencija. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da rizici i krize uvelike utječu na poslovanje turističkih posrednika. Ustvrđeno je da većina ispitanih agencija nema osmišljene strategije i mjere koje bi poduzimale u kriznim situacijam, stoga su u tom aspektu potrebne promjene i unaprjeđenja. Naposljetk s obzirom na dobivene rezultate istraživanja, oblikovane su smjernice za upravljanje rizicima u poslovanju turističkih agencija. Travel agencies represent the key factors of a tourist destination. Business travel agencies are made up of a wide range of activities that cannot be classified into groups completely homogeneous characteristics. Conditional division of jobs is into jobs in which he dominates feature of the initiative tourist service, the receptive tourist service, providing i mediation of transport services for tourists and the provision or mediation of other services which completed by the tourist service. Travel agencies have four basic functions: informative-advisory, propaganda, mediating and organizational. The aforementioned functions, as well as the entire operation, are threatened by the consequences of crises that lead to a significant decrease in income and problems with the liquidity of travel agencies. According to the share of tourism in GDP, Croatia occupies a high place among the member states of the European Union, which is why it is extremely important for it to maintain the image of a safe tourist country. In order to reduce the impact of risks, it is important to establish good cooperation between the various tourism stakeholders and those who deal with security. Security in tourism is no longer possible to achieve without an effective crisis management strategy that includes all tourism-related stakeholders. In addition to the central role that legal regulations and institutional cooperation play for safety in tourism, it is desirable and necessary to establish cooperation between different stakeholders, which should be achieved by preparing and conducting joint education and training and mutual sharing of useful information, and to a large extent it should rely on lessons from past crises. The aim of the work was: to determine the characteristics of the business of travel agencies in modern tourism, to determine the characteristics of crises and their impact on tourism, to determine the impact of crises and risks on the business of travel agencies, to point out the importance of crisis management when managing risks, to propose guidelines for risk management in tourism business agency. agency. The work was preceded by conducting research on the impact of crises and risks on the business of travel agencies. A semi-structured interview was used as a method of collecting data on the current state of the impact of crises and risks on the business of travel agencies. The fundamental research question that was tried to be answered is how do crises and risks affect the business of travel agencies? The research results showed that risks and crises greatly affect the business of tourist intermediaries. It was established that most of the surveyed agencies do not have designed strategies and measures to undertake in crisis situations, and changes and improvements are necessary in this regard. At the end of the paper, based on what was presented, guidelines were given for risk management in the business of travel agencies.

Turizam u današnje vrijeme predstavlja vrlo popularnu aktivnost koju u modernom i razvijenom svijetu u slobodno vrijeme provodi veliki broj ljudi. Turizam može biti domaći ili međunarodni, odnosno svjetski, a također za neke države predstavlja i glavni izvor prihoda. U svjetskom turizmu se povremeno događaju i padovi koji su uzrokovani određenim globalnim problemima, primjerice ratovima, gospodarskim krizama ili pandemijama. Turističko tržište je tržište specifične vrste na kojem se, kao i na ostalim tržištima, susreću ponuda i potražnja. Ratni turizam ulazi u područje tzv. mračnog turizma. Mračni turizam je vrsta turizma koji zapravo postoji još od srednjeg vijeka, no tek početkom 21. stoljeća je službeno uključen u turističke oblike i definiran. Turizam temeljen na ratnoj baštini ulazi u mračni turizam. Mračni turizam je turizam koji je obilježen tematikom putovanja koja je vezana uz nasilje, smrt, stradanje i patnju ljudi. Memorijalni ili ratni turizam je jedan od specifičnih oblika turizma koji se po mnogim stvarima razlikuje od svih ostalih oblika specifičnog i masovnog turizma. Nowadays, tourism is a very popular activity that is carried out in their free time by a large number of people in the modern and developed world. Tourism can be domestic or international, or worldwide, and it is also the main source of income for some countries. In world tourism, there are occasional declines caused by certain global problems, for example wars, economic crises or pandemics. The tourist market is a market of a specific type where, like in other markets, supply and demand meet. War tourism enters the area of the so-called dark tourism. Dark tourism is a type of tourism that has actually existed since the Middle Ages, but it was officially included in tourist forms and defined only at the beginning of the 21st century. War heritage-based tourism falls under cathegory of dark tourism. Dark tourism is tourism that is marked by travel themes that are related to violence, death, suffering and human suffering. Memorial or war tourism is one of the specific forms of tourism that differs in many respects from all other forms of specific and mass tourism.

Krize su dio današnjice i pojavljuju se kao rezultat nepredvidivog događaja ili nepredvidive posljedice nekog događaja koji se smatrao potencijalnim rizikom ili prijetnjom, a svaka krizna situacija zahtijeva brzu reakciju. Posebno osjetljivima mogu se smatrati turizam i hotelijerska industrija jer ovise o globalnim trendovima te za svoje efikasno poslovanje uključuju brojne druge grane djelatnosti. Prethodno shvaćene klasične krize mijenjaju se iz dana u dan u nove i zahtjevnije oblike. Moderna kriza karakterizirana je većom razinom nesigurnosti jer je nemoguće utvrditi njen opseg niti vremenski period trajanja. Većina kriza u turizmu i hotelijerstvu povezana je s promjenama u ekonomskim, političkim, socio-kulturnim, ekološkim i zdravstvenim domenama u kojima je turizam duboko utkan, a koje posljedično utječu na ponudu i potražnju u turističkim destinacijama. Upravo zbog toga krize u turizmu i hotelijerstvu mogu se podijeliti na ekološke, socio-kulturne, ekonomske, političke i zdravstvene. Pravovremeno prepoznavanje vrsta te eliminiranje krize s minimalnom razinom posljedica, okosnica su rada kriznog menadžmenta. Krizni menadžment je skup aktivnosti čiji je cilj predvidjeti, prepoznati te izučiti potencijalne krizne situacije, kako bi pronašli efikasne načine kojima će spriječiti daljnji razvoj ili u potpunosti riješiti krizu. Krizni menadžment se može promatrati kroz četiri faze: fazu ograničavanja (sprječavanja), fazu planiranja (pripreme), fazu odgovora na krizu i fazu oporavka. Suočavanje s kriznom situacijom tijekom svih faza iziskuje mnogo napora, stoga su razvijene tehnike i alati kojima se koriste krizni menadžeri kako bi uspješno prebrodili kriznu situaciju. Od alata kriznog menadžmenta mogu se istaknuti kontingentno planiranje, sistem ranog upozorenja, simulacija krize, specifičnosti upravljanja određenom vrstom krize i krizno odlučivanje. Provedeno je kvalitativno istraživanje u kojem su sudjelovale vodeće hotelske tvrtke u Istri, Valamar, Maistra i Plava Laguna. Kroz istraživanje se utvrdilo postojanje kriznog menadžmenta u ispitanim hotelskim tvrtkama te temeljne mogućnosti i ograničenja uspostavljanja i provođenja kriznog menadžmenta u hotelskim tvrtkama. Provedeno istraživanje dovelo je do zaključka kako iako ispitivane tvrtke nemaju formalno uspostavljen krizni menadžment, imaju određene procedure u kriznim situacijama i znaju se odnositi prema njima. Nadalje se kao temeljna ograničenja uspostavljanja i provođenja kriznog menadžmenta mogu uzeti sezonalnost i manjak stručnjaka, dok su temeljne mogućnosti stvaranje konkurente prednosti na domaćem i globalnom tržištu. Crises are part of everyday life and arise because of an unforeseeable event or the unforeseeable consequences of an event which was considered a potential risk or threat, and they require a rapid reaction. Tourism and the hotel industry can be considered particularly vulnerable, as they depend on global trends and involve many other sectors for their efficient operations. Previously understood traditional crises change from day to day into new and more demanding forms. A modern crisis is characterized by a higher level of uncertainty, as it is impossible to determine its extent or duration. Most of the crisis in tourism and hospitality are linked to changes in economic, political, socio-cultural, environmental and health domains where tourism is deeply woven, which consequently affect supply and demand in tourist destinations. Therefore, tourism and hotel crises can be divided into environmental, socio-cultural, economic, political and health crises. Identification of types and elimination of crises with minimal impact levels are at the foundation of crisis management work. Crisis management is a set of activities aimed at anticipating, identifying, and learning potential crisis situations, in order to find effective ways to prevent further development or to fully resolve the crisis. Crisis management can be observed through four phases: mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery. Dealing with a crisis at all stages requires a lot of effort, so the techniques and tools used by crisis managers to successfully overcome the crisis situation have been developed. Crisis management tools are: contingent planning, early warning system, crisis simulation, specificities of crisis management and crisis decision-making. Qualitative research was carried out with the participation of leading hotel companies in Istria; Valamar, Maistra and Plava Laguna. The research revealed the existence of crisis management in the hotel companies and the fundamental possibilities and limitations of setting up and carrying out crisis management in hotel companies. The research led to the conclusion that although the researched companies do not have formally established crisis management, they still have certain procedures in crisis situations and know how to deal with them. Furthermore, seasonality and lack of experts are taken as fundamental restrictions on the establishment and conduct of crisis management. While some of the possibilities of crisis management in hotel companies would be creating a competitive advantage in the domestic and global markets.

Tema je ovog rada specifičnost poslovanja neprofitnih organizacija koje se dijelom bave gospodarskom djelatnošću, s naglaskom na oporezivanje gospodarskih djelatnosti na primjeru Studentskog centra Šibenik. U prvom dijelu rada definiran je pojam te vrste i obilježja neprofitnih organizacija u svijetu i Republici Hrvatskoj. U nastavku rada objašnjen je sustav oporezivanja kod neprofitnih organizacija, a sve kroz usporedbu s profitnim organizacijama. Cilj ovog rada bio je utvrditi specifičnosti poreznog tretmana neprofitnih organizacija koje se dijelom bave gospodarskom djelatnošću. Kroz primjer Studentskog centra Šibenik, koji obavlja gospodarsku djelatnost ljetnog smještaja u studentskom domu i podliježe oporezivanju poreza na dobit i poreza na dodanu vrijednost za djelatnost ljetnog smještaja, prikazana je usporedna analiza poslovanja profitnih organizacija koje se bave istom djelatnošću. Prikazane su glavne sličnosti, ali i razlike u poslovanju općenito te oporezivanju tih organizacija. Također, navedene su perspektive poreznih tretmana neprofitnih organizacija u budućnosti. Analizom postojeće literature vezane uz oporezivanje neprofitnih organizacija formirani su prijedlozi za budućnost neprofitnih organizacija koji se većinom odnose na smanjenje učestalih izmjena poreznih pravila koje može značajno pomoći u poslovanju neprofitnih organizacija. The topic of this paper is the specifics of the operations of non-profit organizations that are partly engaged in economic activities, with an emphasis on the taxation of economic activities on the example of the Student Center Šibenik. The first part of the paper defines the concept and types and characteristics of non-profit organizations in the world and in the Republic of Croatia. Further in text, the system of taxation in non-profit organizations is explained, all through a comparison with for-profit organizations. The aim of this paper was to determine the specifics of tax treatment of non-profit organizations that are partly engaged in economic activity. Through the example of the Student Center Šibenik, which performs the economic activity of summer accommodation in student dormitories and is subject to taxation of profit tax and value added tax for the activity of summer accommodation, a comparative analysis of profit organizations engaged in the same activity. The main similarities but also differences in business in general and caution of these organizations are shown. Also, perspectives of tax treatment of non-profit organizations in the future are presented. The analysis of the existing literature related to the taxation of non-profit organizations has formed proposals for the future of non-profit organizations, and they mostly relate to as few changes in tax rules that can be of great help in the operation of non-profit organizations.

The Solidarity economy, a kind of “radical” wing of the social and solidarity economy (SSE), encompasses a wide range of diverse initiatives and practices (such as workers’ cooperatives, cooperatives (zadruge), community-supported agriculture, shared housing, shared kitchens, open source, urban gardening, commons and many others). These practices are present worldwide, with each place having its particularities. One might rightfully expect that islands, usually associated with insularity, autarchy, sustainability and resilience, would be perfect laboratories for practising these new ways of achieving a more sustainable future. Could what Mumford (1922) called “the utopia of reconstruction” be exercised on one or more Croatian islands? This presentation considers this question using Patrick Neveling’s (2017) development concept as political economy machinery. According to this point of view, development should be perceived as a category of practice that “maintains or amends long-existing practices of capitalist accumulation and is central to how global, national, and local political economies change”. Having this in mind, we analyse sustainability practices on the Croatian islands of Krk and Cres in light of sustainability as the island’s developmental policy. Results point to certain similarities in the approach of two energy cooperatives, primarily the incentives for such an endeavour and the differences regarding agency, i.e. individual vs group effort. Although it is too early to evaluate the long-term impact on Croatian territory, a relatively new type of endeavour (especially in the energy sector), the results show that it relies on solid incentives from EU funds available for promoting sustainable solutions and individual agency.

Linear time and temporality have long been a research focus within various disciplines, including sociology and anthropology, but their concepts have recently become more intriguing to geographers. Place and space were researched separately from time and temporality until it became clearer that because social changes occur within a certain space at a certain time, both dimensions require equal consideration in an analysis. The idea of this unbreakable connection became the foundation of time-space geography. Islands have a special allure to time-sensitive researchers because they are often perceived as “time capsules” or places where time stops or flows slowly. Needless to say, an islander’s perception of the time and place in which they live is completely different from that of an occasional visitor, usually owing to the long- prevailing periodic functions of life in an island space. Progress in building traffic connections to link islanders and the mainland can alter these temporal processes and trigger a duality in development, creating different perceptions of time in the same space. This study investigates the notion of multiple temporalities using results from a multidisciplinary project about the network of island temporality on Dugi Otok in the Zadar archipelago. The research focuses on social changes in opposing parts of the island that happened along with enhanced traffic connections and focuses on the idea and significance of linear time and changes in life rhythms after introducing 24-hour clock time. All Dugi Otok settlements are rural, and islanders’ lives were once linked to seasonal or daily work in agriculture and fishery, which depended on meteorological conditions, fishing seasons, lunar phases, crop calendars, and the like. The establishment of regular boat connections and developments in industry and education shifted work and life rhythms to adjust to linear time. The methodology includes comparing data about different socio-geographic aspects of life on the island before and after introducing faster connections and a quantitative study with semi-structured interviews of the islanders from the opposing parts of the island. The preliminary results point to different notions of time in two island areas (NW and SE), with northern settlements experiencing more negative socio- economic processes, including heavy emigration and ageing. In conclusion, the study will explain how perceptions of space and time change due to traffic connections and how much these perceptions diverge in a shared island space.

Marine litter (or marine debris) is an artificial object that reaches the marine environment after use. The most frequent material in marine litter is plastics (categorized from micro- to megaplastics) due to their widespread use and long decomposition time (approx. 450 years for a plastic bottle). In recent times, the pollution of marine environments with microplastics has been widely addressed in scientific studies, which led to increasing scientific interest in the study of marine litter in general. The prerequisite for any marine litter management project is a detailed survey of the coasts to determine which parts are the most vulnerable and what are the driving mechanisms for accumulations of litter on those coasts. As a relatively long, narrow and semi-enclosed basin, the Adriatic Sea is considered a preferential area for marine litter accumulation in the whole Mediterranean due to prevailing winds and sea currents. Since the Adriatic coast is a European tourism hotspot, pollution with marine litter could potentially cause environmental and economic challenges. Adriatic islands are susceptible to marine litter pollution due to the exposition of their coasts and the fact that local communities depend almost exclusively on tourism. In this paper, we present the results of the preliminary survey of marine litter on the coasts of two archipelagos in the Croatian Adriatic: Elafiti islands in the south and the Kornati islands in the central part of the Adriatic Sea. The study sites were chosen because of their exposure to the open sea and their tourist appeal. Moreover, both locations have a high seasonal population while sparsely populated in the off season, so the locally produced waste can be excluded as the leading contributor to the marine litter. The survey was conducted visually and does not include any form of micro waste (microplastics, microorganisms, or the like) or marine and beach sediment pollution. We have approached the subject from an environmental geography point of view to determine some islands’ features regarding the coastal pollution state-of-the-art.The preliminary research was carried out on the Kornati islands in 2018. We have used that survey mainly to test the research methodology as we prepared the list of indicators, which were used to determine the features of marine litter, its type and possible origin. That methodology was later used in a similar study on the Elafiti islands. The methodology was established as a geographical concept from the physical and social point of view concerning wind and sea currents and other environmental settings. The list of environmental indicators included: 1) coast orientation, 2) exposure of the bay/cove to the open sea, 3) coastal vegetation presence and state, 4) distance between marine litter and the shoreline, and 5) landscape exposure of the waste area. To show the socio-geographical features of the marine litter locations, we have chosen: 6) the amount of litter (in m3), 7) origin of litter (information obtained from the packaging), 8) type and percentage of the litter type, 9) share of plastic litter (in %) and 10) type of litter distribution. During the survey, we registered 43.8 m3 of marine litter on the Elafiti islands and 52.8 m3 on the Kornati archipelago. The average share of plastic waste was higher in the Kornati region, 65.4 %, compared to 51.54 % on Elafiti islands.The origin of the litter remains uncertain. Determining the origin of the “made in” labels can be misleading as it indicates the country of production and not necessarily the country from which the litter entered the Adriatic Sea. Nevertheless, using the “made in” labels, we have identified 19 countries regarding litter in Elafiti and 12 countries for the Kornati islands. Perhaps a better indicator of the litter’s origin would be massive litter pollution after the strong SE wind (sirocco), particularly on the Elafiti islands, which indicates that most non-Croatian litter originates from the southern Adriatic basin and the coasts of Albania, Montenegro, and south-eastern Italy. However, further investigation is needed to corroborate these findings. However, even the preliminary results show that the problem of marine litter can only be solved through a joint effort of all Adriatic countries.