37 results on '"Klapper, Joseph T."'
Search Results
2. Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual Conference of the American Association for Public Opinion Research
- Author
-
Klapper, Joseph T.
- Published
- 1956
3. Mass Communication Research: An Old Road Resurveyed
- Author
-
Klapper, Joseph T.
- Published
- 1963
4. From Social Book Keeping to Social Research
- Author
-
Jahoda, Marie and Klapper, Joseph T.
- Published
- 1952
5. The Contributions of Opinion Research to the Evaluation of Psychological Warfare
- Author
-
Klapper, Joseph T. and Lowenthal, Leo
- Published
- 1951
6. Network Prime-Time Violence Tabulations for 1976-77 Season.
- Author
-
Columbia Broadcasting System, Inc., New York, NY. Office of Social Research. and Klapper, Joseph T.
- Abstract
This is an annual report on violence in prime-time television. The tabulations, based on the monitoring of 13 weeks of programs on three networks, indicate that CBS was the lowest of the three networks in violence, though at the same level as the previous year. ABC remained the same level as last year, while NBC increased. Both the number of incidents and the rate of violence for all networks combined has increased since last season. The amount of violence in action programs decreased from 71% last season to 56% this season. A new measure, duration of violence, introduced to this year's study, indicates a substantial relationship between the total number of minutes devoted to violence and the number of incidents of violence. Data from this survey and from previous years are presented, and the appendices include definitions of terms used in the study. (DAG)
- Published
- 1977
7. Network Prime-Time Violence Tabulations for 1975-76 Season.
- Author
-
Columbia Broadcasting System, Inc., New York, NY. Office of Social Research. and Klapper, Joseph T.
- Abstract
This is an annual report on violence in prime-time television. The tabulations, based on 13 weeks of monitoring prime-time programs on three networks, indicate a decline in violence by 24% and a decline in the rate per hour of dramatic violence to 1.9 incidents per hour since last season. The study also indicated that the introduction of the family viewing period accompanied this marked decrease. CBS has the lowest rate of violence of the three networks. This is attributed to a decline in the average number of violent incidents in action programs and a reduction in the number of hours scheduled for showing feature films. Data from the current survey and from previous years are presented, and definitions of terms used in the study are provided in the appendices. (DAG)
- Published
- 1976
8. Trial By Newspaper
- Author
-
Klapper, Joseph T. and Glock, Charles Y.
- Published
- 1949
9. Mass Media and the Engineering of Consent
- Author
-
Klapper, Joseph T.
- Published
- 1948
10. Behavioral Sciences and the Mass Media
- Author
-
Bagdikian, Ben H., Bogart, Leo, Borgatta, Edgar F., Bressler, Marvin, Carter, John Mack, Danielson, Wayne A., Davison, W. Phillips, Dedmon, Emmett, Ginzberg, Eli, Havemann, Ernest, Hyman, Herbert H., Jones, Robert L., Kahn, Alfred J., Klapper, Joseph T., Kohn, Melvin L., Lerner, Daniel, Lippitt, Ronald, Riley, John W., Ubell, Earl, Wald, Richard C., Wheeler, Stanton, Williams, Robin M., Yu, Frederick T. C., Editor, Bagdikian, Ben H., Bogart, Leo, Borgatta, Edgar F., Bressler, Marvin, Carter, John Mack, Danielson, Wayne A., Davison, W. Phillips, Dedmon, Emmett, Ginzberg, Eli, Havemann, Ernest, Hyman, Herbert H., Jones, Robert L., Kahn, Alfred J., Klapper, Joseph T., Kohn, Melvin L., Lerner, Daniel, Lippitt, Ronald, Riley, John W., Ubell, Earl, Wald, Richard C., Wheeler, Stanton, Williams, Robin M., and Yu, Frederick T. C.
- Published
- 1968
11. Content Analysis for the Voice of America: A Symposium
- Author
-
Klapper, Joseph T.
- Published
- 1952
12. Sociology of Mass Communication
- Author
-
KLAPPER, JOSEPH T.
- Published
- 1960
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. In Memoriam: Rosalind Kean Wallace
- Author
-
Klapper, Joseph T.
- Published
- 1960
14. A PHYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE CASEBOOK
- Author
-
Daugherty, William E., primary, Janowitz, Morris, primary, Pyk, Lucian W., primary, Schramm, Wilbur, primary, Klapper, Joseph T., primary, Becker, Howard, primary, Farago, Ladislas, primary, Argent, A., primary, Kispler, John P., primary, Sleeper, Raymond, primary, Caskey, Edward A., primary, White, Ralph K., primary, Bingham, Jonathan B., primary, Ratclift, J. D., primary, and Young, William R., primary
- Published
- 1958
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. NEWS AND NOTES.
- Author
-
Klapper, Joseph T.
- Subjects
SPECIAL events ,SOCIOLOGY ,UNIVERSITIES & colleges ,MARKETING ,DECISION making ,EDUCATION ,TEACHING ,RESEARCH - Abstract
The article presents information about various activities taking place in the field of sociology. According to snippet, National Analysts Inc. has announced the acquisition of Behavior Systems Inc., which specializes in general marketing problems and forecasts, advertising readership studies, and area development and real estate feasibility studies. Dr. Kenneth A. Middleton will continue as president of Behavior Systems and will also serve as vice president of National Analysts. According to another snippet, the Bureau of Applied Social Research, Columbia University has recently announced the completion of four projects and the initiation of five others. Descriptions of the completed studies follow, together with Bureau identification numbers. Another snippet presents information that the Ford Foundation has recently announced "grants totaling more than two million dollars to support the development and testing of new management techniques in the solution of problems of higher education. The aim is to increase college and university efficiency without dehumanizing the academic community or limiting academic freedom." Among the universities involved are Stanford, Princeton, the University of California and the University of Toronto. The several universities will variously institute or further develop programs involving the application of systems techniques, "analytical techniques," and computer technology to administrative procedures and decision making and to the evaluation of teaching methods.
- Published
- 1968
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. NEWS AND NOTES.
- Author
-
Klapper, Joseph T.
- Subjects
SOCIAL sciences education ,HANDBOOKS, vade-mecums, etc. ,SCHOOL enrollment ,SOCIAL science research ,SCHOOL districts - Abstract
The article presents news related to studies in the Unites States. The hand book of Statistical Methods for Making School Enrollment Projections will center primarily up on the preparation of a statistical guide to estimating future elementary and high school enrollments by single grade, citing methods appropriate to various sizes of school districts and to the state as a whole and for short and long run projections. The Bureau of Social Science Research, Inc. has announced the institution of a study of Future Use of the Radio Spectrum. A preliminary investigation will be made of domestic and international social factors bearing on future use of the radio spectrum. Social activities currently dependent on use of the spectrum will be identified and analyzed in relationship to possible future changes in these dependencies. A conference emphasizing "The Use of Archives for the Study of Public Policy Issues" will be held at the University of Pittsburgh, in June 1968, under the sponsorship of the Council of Social Science Data Archives.
- Published
- 1967
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. NEWS AND NOTES.
- Author
-
Klapper, Joseph T.
- Subjects
ADVERTISING agencies ,BANKING industry ,ACADEMIC departments - Abstract
This article presents news and information on general issues in the U.S. as of September 1996. Herbert Kay Research Inc. has announced an activity, Prime-Prospect Service, designed to provide advertisers greater assurance of reaching persons who are brand convertible and responsive to advertising. The American Bankers Association has announced a realignment of its public relations and marketing functions to include the establishment of a Department of Banking. The Communications Research Center School of Public Communication, Boston University, has announced the completion by Ralph Rosnow of a primacy-recency study, which is part of a series on the effects of positive and negative reinforcement for conditioning opinion change in the persuasion situation. The Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil, has announced the establishment of the Department of Political Science, with the objective of improving teaching and research in systematic, empirically based political science. The Bureau of Applied Social Research, Columbia University, has announced the institution of a departmental-Bureau training program intended to contribute to the development of sociological researchers on education and research administrators.
- Published
- 1966
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. NEWS AND NOTES.
- Author
-
Klapper, Joseph T.
- Subjects
PUBLIC opinion polls ,MARKETING research ,SOCIAL surveys ,NEW product development ,CONSUMER behavior ,UNIVERSITIES & colleges - Abstract
The article presents information about activities of various agencies on public opinion polls. National Analysts Inc. has announced the institution of a screening service to help manufacturers decide which new products or ideas would be profitable in the market place." The service, known as "Operation Search" will rely heavily on a "purchase game" designed to show rank-order of buyer interest and the price a consumer feels he would pay for the product if it became available on the consumer market. An organization entitled Sample Surveys Ltd., in New Zealand, has recently been formed to conduct public opinion polls and market research studies in New Zealand, Australia and other Pacific countries. Lehigh University has announced the establishment at the university of a Center for the Applications of Mathematics. The new center will seek to bring together research and teaching faculty from a wide range of fields, including the physical sciences, life sciences and also social sciences. The Bureau of Applied Social Research, Columbia University has announced the completion of a study entitled "Medical Television."
- Published
- 1965
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. NEWS AND NOTES.
- Author
-
Klapper, Joseph T.
- Subjects
PUBLIC opinion polls ,PUBLIC opinion ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) ,SELF-management (Psychology) ,AIR forces ,SOCIAL psychology - Abstract
"News and Notes," is compiled from items submitted voluntarily. Representatives of appropriate academic, commercial, governmental, and voluntary organizations are invited to submit material to "News and Notes, Public Opinion Quarterly." Material regarding professional activities and travels of individuals is welcome. Opinion Research Corporation (ORC) has announced the establishment of a Canadian affiliate, ORC-Gruneau Research Limited, with headquarters in Toronto and a regional office in Montreal. Hugh C. Hoffman, ORC vice president, has been elected Chairman of ORC-Gruneau, and Victor C. Gruneau, founder of the Gruneau organization, has been elected president. The April 1964 to June 1964 "Quarterly Newsletter," of the Bureau of Social Science Research Inc. contains thumbnail descriptions of all thirteen projects being pursued at that agency. These included studies of AID participants; audio-visual aids in public schools; self-management under stress; and military power and persuasion.
- Published
- 1964
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. NEWS AND NOTES.
- Author
-
Klapper, Joseph T.
- Subjects
AWARDS ,COMMUNICATION ,MASS media - Abstract
This article presents several news items that are published in the September 1, 1963 issue of the journal "Public Opinion Quarterly." The University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin has announced the initiation of two three-year study projects, sponsored by National Science Foundation and to be pursued by the University's Mass Communications Research center. Frank Stanton, president of CBS Inc. and Paulin Fredric, television network company NBC news commentator, together with eight other distinguished Americans were awarded honorary degrees by Harold C. Case, president of Boston University for their contributions in their respective fields. The University of Southern California has announced the start of a course entitled "Introduction to Mass Communication." The course will deal with the history, functions and present future of the various media and the process of mass communication. The course will include guest lectures by professional media experts, and field trips to familiarize students with local media production agencies and appropriate employment opportunities.
- Published
- 1963
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. NEWS AND NOTES.
- Author
-
Klapper, Joseph T.
- Subjects
CONFERENCES & conventions ,PUBLIC opinion polls ,SOCIAL sciences - Abstract
This article presents developments related to several congresses and conventions. Announcement has been made of the establishment of a commercial public opinion surveys company in Israel and it will be headed by Rafael E. Gill of New York. A group of physical and social scientists are planning to establish a Canadian Peace Research Institute and International Peace Research Fund to conduct research into the causes and prevention of war and, through the Fund, to tangibly encourage establishment of similar institutes in as many countries as possible. A Max Weber Centennial Commission has recently been established to mark the year 1964, the centennial of Weber's birth, by focusing attention on Weber's impact on the social sciences. The Commission is designed to coordinate the efforts of cooperating institutions of higher learning and academic organizations by arranging visiting professorships, exchange lectureships, seminars, and institutes. During the summer of 1963 the Survey Research Center of the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan will hold its sixteenth consecutive summer institute in Survey Research Techniques. The curriculum of the Institute is designed to meet some of the educational and training needs of men and women engaged in business and governmental research.
- Published
- 1962
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. NEWS AND NOTES.
- Author
-
Klapper, Joseph T.
- Subjects
PUBLIC opinion ,POLITICAL science ,BUSINESS - Abstract
Presents news briefs from items submitted voluntarily to the "Public Opinion Quarterly." Availability of a report entitled "Proposed Studies on the Implications of Peaceful Space Activities for Human Affairs," prepared for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration by the Brookings Institute; Formation of a new agency called Market Measurements; Partnership between Sidney Hollander Jr., Sidney Cohen and Robert Pasternak; Award given to Emery H. Ruby, Vice President of the Gallup Organization Inc.; Others.
- Published
- 1961
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Abstracts of Papers and Round-Table Discussions.
- Author
-
Speier, Hans, Bower, Robert T., Quayle III, Oliver A., Jones, Barclay Gibbs, Star, Shirley, Marks, Eli S., Cohen, Reuben, Mendelsohn, Harold, Feldman, Jacob J., Wilson, Elmo C., Isaacs, Harold R., Yu, Frederick T.C., Greenberg, Arthur L., Nehnevajsa, Jiri, Krugman, Herbert E., Wiebe, Gerhart D., Stein, Morris I., Pelz, Donald C., Barnett, H.G., and Klapper, Joseph T.
- Subjects
PUBLIC opinion ,POLITICAL science ,PUBLIC housing ,SOCIAL scientists ,CREATIVE ability ,URBAN growth - Abstract
Presents abstracts of several papers and discussions related to public opinion. Political games and scenarios; Research on urban development and change; Public housing and social morality; Components of mutual international respect; Roles of the social scientist and the problem of creativity; Horizons of mass communication research; Others.
- Published
- 1961
24. NEWS AND NOTES.
- Author
-
Klapper, Joseph T.
- Subjects
SOCIAL science research ,ASSOCIATIONS, institutions, etc. ,SOCIAL science methodology ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,SOCIAL surveys - Abstract
This article presents several news items on issues concerning social research in the U.S., as of December 1, 1960 Columbia University's Bureau of Applied Social Research has announced the completion of its various studies. The Advertising Reseauli Foundation (ARF) has announced the completion and availability of a study sponsored by the U.S. News and World Report and performed by Crossley Surveys Inc., which compares results of similar mail and personal interview questionnaires administered to probability samples in Cleveland, Ohio. The study bears upon market and family characteristics of subscribers to the sponsoring magazine, and copies may be obtained upon application to that publication or to ARF. The Survey Research Center at Berkeley, California, has announced the appointment of William Nicholls as its assistant director. Prior to joining the Center, Nicholls was a research associate at the Bureau of Applied Social Research.
- Published
- 1960
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. News and Notes.
- Author
-
Klapper, Joseph T.
- Subjects
DENTAL care ,PUBLIC opinion ,POLITICAL science ,INFORMATION services - Abstract
This article focuses on the "News and Notices" section, published in the issue of the periodical "Public Opinion Quarterly" as on September 1959. Announcement has been made of the formation of a new research firm, John F. Kraft, Inc. which will perform national market and public opinion research. John F. Kraft was formerly senior vice president of Louis Harris & Associates, Inc. The National Opinion Research Center at the University of Chicago, Illinois, is undertaking a nationwide study of popular knowledge, attitudes, and behavior with respect to dental health and dental care. The study is sponsored by the National Institute of Dental Research and the Commission on the Survey of Dentistry in the United States. The project director is Louis Kriesberg. The organization Ford Foundation has announced a grant of $850,000 to expand undergraduate and graduate training in the Center for International Studies at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Massachusetts, to continue the Center's research program in economic and political development.
- Published
- 1959
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. News and Notes.
- Author
-
Klapper, Joseph T.
- Subjects
PUBLIC opinion ,COLLEGE curriculum ,ANTHROPOLOGY ,AGRICULTURE ,ASSOCIATIONS, institutions, etc. - Abstract
The article presents various developments related to the field public opinion research, published in the September 1958 issue of the journal "Public Opinion Quarterly." The University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois announces that their program for the PhD in Communications has recently been revised in some important respects. The Department of Sociology and Social Institutions of the University of California, Berkeley, California announces that beginning in 1958-59, it is inaugurating a new graduate training program with greater emphasis on the development of a common core of required courses, some of which will be taught in conjunction with the Department of Anthropology. The Bureau of Applied Social Research, Columbia University announces that Abram J. Jaffe has been appointed assistant coordinator and lecturer at a census training center being established in Tokyo by the United Nations and the Food and Agriculture Organization . The National Council of the Italian Public Relations Association, Rome, Italy announces that Senator Guiseppe Caron, Vice-President of the Association since its foundation and Under-Secretary of State for Civil Aviation, has been elected President of the Association, succeeding Professor Umberto Baldini.
- Published
- 1958
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. News and Notes.
- Author
-
Klapper, Joseph T.
- Subjects
INFORMATION services ,AWARDS ,PUBLIC opinion ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) ,ASSOCIATIONS, institutions, etc. - Abstract
This article focuses on "News and Notes" section, published in the issue of the periodical "Public Opinion Quarterly" as on December 1957. The section is compiled from voluntarily submitted material, which the editor hopes will be copious and varied. The Bureau of Social Science Research, an organization in Washington (D.C.), is acting as a clearing-house for research materials in connection with Hungarian refugees. A central file of current research output in this field has been established, and it is hoped that all bonafide organizations and individuals engaged in such research will participate, both by depositing their materials with the Bureau and by availing themselves of the data already deposited. Attitude research in modernizing countries will be the subject of a special issue of the periodical "Public Opinion Quarterly" now in the planning stage. Members of the organization American Association for Public Opinion Research are invited to suggest candidates for a 1958 Julian Woodward Award.
- Published
- 1957
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual Conference on Public Opinion Research.
- Author
-
Klapper, Joseph T. and Wiebe, Gerhart D.
- Subjects
CONFERENCES & conventions ,PUBLIC opinion polls ,SEGREGATION ,COMMUNICATIONS research - Abstract
The article focuses on the proceedings of the Twelfth Annual Conference on Public Opinion Research held in the U.S. during the year 1957. Chairman Robert T. Bower, Bureau of Social Science Research, will head a conference on "The Role of Public Opinion in the Desegregation Controversy." Speakers for this conference are Preston Valien, Fisk University; Harry J. Walker, Howard University, and Harold Mendelsohn, McCann-Erickson, Inc. In the conference, Harry J. Walker's paper focused on describing the role of opinion and attitude research in the study of the desegregation process. The Chairman Robert N. Ford, Bell Telephone Laboratories, headed a conference on "A case history in the communication of research findings-from University Laboratory to Company board room." Speakers for this conference were J. Emmet Judge, Ford Motor Company; Charles Y. Glock, Columbia University, and David Wallace, Ford Motor Company. This session was a case history demonstration of how one research project, which had been conceived, carried out and how the pertinent findings had been transmitted, step-by-step, through a hierarchy of interests.
- Published
- 1957
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Proceedings of the Tenth Annual Conference of the American Association for Pubic Research.
- Author
-
Klapper, Joseph T.
- Subjects
ASSOCIATIONS, institutions, etc. ,CONFERENCES & conventions ,CONFERENCE proceedings (Publications) ,AIR forces ,SOCIAL sciences - Abstract
The article focuses on proceedings of the 10th annual conference of the American Association for Public Research that held at Madison, Wisconsin-based Hotel Loraine, from April 13-16, 1955. Several papers discussed in this conference include Stuart Dodd, director of the Washington Public Opinion Laboratory (WPOL), who presented a paper entitled "Formulas for Spreading Opinions-A Report of Controlled Experiments on Leaflet Messages in Project Revere", in which he described the origin, purposes and findings of the three-year study which WPOL had conducted for the Air Force. The article also presents other paper by speaker Samuel W. Blizzard who reviewed his experiences in a current theological seminar project designed to explore the use of social science in training parish ministers, and, more specifically, to inquire into how the sociologist-faculty member can help in this training. Blizzard described the milieu in which a social scientist operates as a theological seminary faculty member, noting that seminars course emphasis is away from the social sciences, the theological party line must be understood by the incoming sociologist faculty member.
- Published
- 1955
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. From Social Bookkeeping to Social Research.
- Author
-
Jahoda, Marie and Klapper, Joseph T.
- Subjects
CONTENT analysis ,BROADCASTING industry ,LANGUAGE services ,INFORMATION resources ,RADIO networks ,BOOKKEEPING - Abstract
Content analysis of broadcast scripts is a natural step in evaluating international broadcasting. Problems of analysis may, however, affect not only the research procedure but the purpose of the research itself. These problems are here discussed by the authors. A series of periodic content analyses of the output of all the Voice of America (VOA) language services promised to provide VOA executive personnel with detailed, accurate, and objective knowledge of what was actually being said by various language units. It was expected that the data would not only yield information about specific broadcast series, but that it would also facilitate appraisal of the output against the implicit criteria of directives, make possible comparisons, should they be desired, of the output of the different language services, and provide information about the total output of the Voice which would be extremely useful to Voice officials, as well as to Congressional and interested lay personnel who frequently inquire, and are entitled to know, just what the VOA is saying.
- Published
- 1952
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Studying Effects of Mass Communication1: An Introduction to the Field as Viewed and Tilled by the Behavioral Sciences
- Author
-
Klapper, Joseph T.
- Published
- 1955
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. NEWS AND NOTES.
- Author
-
Klapper, Joseph T.
- Subjects
SOCIAL sciences ,EDUCATION research ,SOCIAL structure ,SOCIAL development - Abstract
The article presents information on news on various social science studies and agencies. The Bureau of Social Science Research has announced the completion of a study and the institution of two new ones. One of the study is on utilization of educational research findings. It studies the ways in which recent research in the field of education has affected practices, procedures, and techniques in American primary and secondary schools. Another study is on the social, political, and economic organization of the social sciences. It examines the resource allocations to social research and the consequences of these allocations for the substance of social science knowledge and for the social organization of the social sciences. Announcement has been made of the establishment of the Centro de Investigaciones Sociales por Muestreo (CISM) in Lima, Peru. CISM is a sample survey center devoted to conducting quantitative studies relevant to Peruvian economic and social development. The Center has capabilities in sampling, questionnaire design, data collection and data processing.
- Published
- 1969
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Sociology of Mass Communication
- Author
-
KLAPPER, JOSEPH T., primary
- Published
- 1960
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Media No Medea
- Author
-
Powell, Charles M., primary and Klapper, Joseph T., additional
- Published
- 1961
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. The Effects of Mass Communication
- Author
-
Barrett, Donald N., primary and Klapper, Joseph T., additional
- Published
- 1961
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Year of Consent. Kendell Foster Crossen
- Author
-
Klapper, Joseph T.
- Published
- 1955
37. BUSINESS MEETING.
- Author
-
Klapper, Joseph T.
- Subjects
BUSINESS meetings ,PUBLIC opinion polls ,BUSINESS ethics ,SOCIAL science research - Abstract
The annual Business Meeting of American Association for Public Opinion Research was convened at 4:30 p.m. on May 7, 1960, at the Hotel Traymore in Atlantic City, New Jersey, with the association's president Herbert Hyman presiding over the meeting. Reports were received from the chairmen of the standing committees and the secretary-treasurer. Discussion and motions at the meeting bore in the main upon the revised Code of Ethics, the adoption of which was recommended to the Executive Council. The election of officers was announced by the Chairman of the Nominations Committee. The U.S. National Aeronautics and Space (NASA)Administration has asked the Brookings Institution to design a program of research and study regarding implications of the use of space for peaceful and scientific purposes This is a research planning study, which is supposed to pose questions rather than provide answers. While this report is being prepared for NASA, it is hoped that it will be distributed to other organizations who may have the funds to support research in the social sciences.
- Published
- 1960
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.