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This study aimed to reveal science teachers' expectations from a technology-based professional development program and designate the said program accordingly. The case study was carried out with 12 science teachers of gifted students. In order to identify the needs of the teachers for effective technology integration in the classes, interviews were conducted. The interviews unearthed that the use of technology in classes was mainly at a basic level, and resorted to with a view to providing visualization, make presentations, or web-search. The teachers declared that they would like to attend technology-based training programs to improve their technology competencies. After determing the teachers' needs, the researchers developed a technology-based professional development program based on the ASSURE model and implemented the pilot study. After the pilot study, the participants put forth that the program was beneficial for enriching classes with technology in various ways. It is thought that the dissemination of this training by making extensive applications to teachers in different fields will contribute to the development of their technological competencies and help overcome the difficulties in the use of technology. In order to enhance the technological competence of teachers, technology-based trainings need to be designed and thereupon overcoming the barriers to technology usage can be made possible. It is recommended to carry out studies to evaluate teachers' technological abilities and efficiencies in other ways and pursue them according to their developmental characteristics.

The purpose of this study is to determine the trend in studies related to Science instruction and ICT. The study has been studied with extensive data, and the data mining method has been used. Some articles entered the ERIC database within the research scope and published in January 2020, starting from 1965. In this context, 1,783,418 articles published between 1965 and 2020 have been formed the population of the research. Analyzes have been performed from the publications' titles, the publications' abstracts, and the Descriptor information of the publications determined by ERIC and word clouds have been constituted. As a result, it is seen that there has been a general increase in studies in the last decade. In parallel with the scientific and technological developments, it has been seen that the developments and needs in terms of both science teaching and technology have been reflected and determined the trend in the studies. As a result of the research, it has been determined as an unprecedented situation that few studies for students and families are among the essential joint owners of the process.

This study aims to analyze the reliability generalization of the computational thinking scale. There are five dimensions of computational thinking: creativity, algorithmic thinking, cooperativity, critical thinking, and problem-solving. A Bonett transformation was used to standardize the reliability coefficient of Cronbach's alpha. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted since the heterogeneity among the studies was high. Results supported the RG of the computational thinking scale and its subdimensions, which were calculated as 0.843 for general, 0.799 for creativity, 0.848 for algorithmic thinking, 0.863 for cooperativity, 0.799 for critical thinking, and 0.817 for problem-solving. Besides that, the moderator analysis was conducted for the sample type, test length, country, and language of the study. According to the findings, there were no significant moderator effects on the reliability estimation.

This study aimed to evaluate science teachers of gifted students who participated in a technology-based professional development program, how could be used the applications they learned in the program, and their use area for the gifted education. The case study was carried out with ten science teachers of gifted students. The data were gathered via interviews and open-ended forms and analyzed with the content analysis method. The findings showed that teachers stated that the program was beneficial for their professional development because of increasing the use of digital technology tools and their awareness of the opportunities for gifted education. Also, they became aware of using the applications for enrichment, supporting the class, evaluating, and integrating into the project-based learning process in science lessons. Another finding was that participants' evaluations of the program offered the advantage of providing communication and mentoring opportunities with the university and contributing to their professional development.

The purpose of this study is to examine changes in pre-service science teachers' entrepreneurship mindsets during engineering design-based activities. A holistic single-case study was used in the study. Twenty-eight pre-service teachers carried out engineering design-based activities (five weeks, 20 hours) in the science teaching laboratory practices course. The pre-service teachers' use of Entrepreneurship Mindsets (EM) in solving the water pollution problem during engineering design-based activities was examined in this study. Data were collected via engineering design challenge worksheets and public service announcements. The data were analyzed with the Extended KEEN Student Outcomes (eKSOs) rubric. Frequency tables were created in line with the sub-dimensions of EM (curiosity, connections, creating value, communication, character, and collaboration). As a result of the research, it was found that the pre-service teachers mostly used curiosity, connections, and creating value during the water treatment and wastewater assessment plant design process. Engineering is an important context for the development of EM as it creates various contexts that contribute to the development of these mindsets in pre-service science teacher education.

Because of their traditional programming structures that have user-hostile interfaces and complicated syntax, programming languages education doesn't catch students' attention and most of them find programming difficult and consider it as a job that only professionals can do. In order to minimalize the difficulty and drawback and help students acquire programming skills, programming education must be supported with visual and tangible tools. In this study, effect of robotics assisted programming education on students' academic success, problem solving skills and motivation was analyzed. In the study, in which quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest control group, one of the quantitative methods of research was used and the study was carried out on 50 students split into experimental and control groups. Robotics assisted ROBOTC programming education with LEGO® Mindstorms EV3 was carried out with the students of experimental group and for the control group basic C programming education was given. As a result of the data obtained within the scope of the study that lasted for 8 weeks, it was found that academic success, problem solving skills and motivation of students who received robotics assisted programming education were higher than who received robotics unassisted programming education.

Considering the increasing importance of educational technologies and the debates about the role of technology in education, it is of great importance to reveal research trends in educational technologies. It is also possible to present the big picture of trends and the comparative role of the UK in this picture, which is one of the main countries leading the research trends in the educational technology field. Carrying the existing studies in the literature to a wider range with the comparison of England and the world will levered the literature up to a seminal point. This study is aiming to identify and compare research trends in the educational technology field both in the world and the UK. For this purpose, the studies from 1965 to 2020 indexed in the ERIC database were reviewed by using data mining techniques. The analysis of studies indexed in the field of educational technologies in the ERIC database presented in terms of four fields: Descriptor, Title, Abstract, and Audience. The data were analyzed in terms of these variables and divided into four categories: target audience, methodology, approaches, and technology. Findings have important implications for the field.

Distance education has become an important opportunity for teachers who do not use technology or use it little in learning environments to use ICT tools such as graphic tablets, interactive content and dynamic geometry software by requiring them to perform their courses with technological tools. In this regard, the present study aims to examine the technology acceptance and TPACK competencies of mathematics teachers in the distance education process that has been put into practice due to the impact of the pandemic on a global scale. In the study, exploratory correlational and causal-comparative research models were used. The sample of the study consists of 223 teachers selected from the mathematics teachers who perform mathematics education practices through distance education with criterion sampling, one of the purposive sampling methods. The personal information form, Technology Acceptance Scale for Teachers and TPACK Scale were used as data collection tools. In order to examine whether the technology acceptance scores and TPACK levels differed according to various variables, the independent t-test and the analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) were applied.

In the present study, the studies conducted on educational games between 1965 and 2019 were analyzed to determine the trends in research based on the year of publication, topic, publication type, country, target audience and the concepts included in the study title. In the study, 7141 studies that were accessed with "educational games" keyword on the ERIC (Education Resources Information Center) database were analyzed. The abstract data were classified by a software developed by the authors for analysis and the analysis was conducted in two stages. First, the studies on educational games were examined as a group, and then the most studied topics were analyzed separately. The study findings demonstrated that the number of studies on educational games was the highest in 2016 and the prominent topics included instructional methods, learning activities, simulations, and classroom activities. It was determined that digital games were investigated as a type of educational games extensively in studies conducted since 2000, the major type of publication was journal articles, and Australia was the leading country in publications. It was determined that practitioners were the major audience until 2000, and the studies on teachers were prominent since. It was determined that the most frequent concepts in study titles included learning, instruction, simulation, school, game-based, design, computer, science, and mathematics and games, respectively.

In this research, it is aimed to determine the ideas of primary school teachers about the concept of gamification, the elements of gamification they use, the criteria they take into consideration while using the elements of gamification, the reasons for using them in gamification, the problems they face when using gamification and solutions to these problems. Phenomenology design, a qualitative research design is referred to in the research. The participants of the research consist of twelve primary school teachers who work at different schools and who teach different grades. In this research, semi-structured interview form, which was prepared by the researchers as a data collecting tool was used. The data acquired from the interviews done with the participants, was analyzed through content analysis. According to the results of the research, it was determined that majority of the primary school teachers perceive the concept of gamification as an educational game. Badges and leader boards were determined as the mostly used elements of gamification by primary school teachers. It was observed that the foremost criteria that primary school teachers consider while using the elements of gamification were reading books, starting reading at the first grade and success level in the lessons. Improving the success of the students and increasing their motivation in lessons were determined as the reason for using gamification elements. The foremost problem that primary school teachers face while the using gamification elements is the overcompetitive behavior occurring amongst the students. As the second, the problem of regression in the students whose levels are low is stated. As for solving the problems faced, using the gamification elements taking into consideration some other actions- not success in lessons- is determined to be the most effective solution.

Within the scope of this research, prospective teachers' opinions on Facebook use for educational purposes was examined, and a modeling study was conducted in accordance with these views. In this study in which mixed method research patterns were used as research model, opinions were taken from 462 prospective teachers with a view to develop Acceptance of Facebook Use for Educational Purposes Scale and Acceptance of Facebook Use for Educational Purposes Model; scale development and model development studies were completed. With Facebook Use for Educational Purposes Activity in accordance with the developed model, level of acceptance of Facebook use for educational purposes among prospective teachers was analyzed. Pilot application of Facebook use for educational purposes activities was carried out with 76 students, and its application was carried out with 67 students; at the end of application, interviews were made with 17 students through semistructured interview form. At the end of the study, Acceptance of Facebook Use for Educational Purposes Model was created based on Technology Acceptance Model 2, and through the educational purpose Facebook activity, a significant increase was achieved in prospective teachers' level of acceptance to Facebook use for educational purposes. [Note: the citation on the PDF is incorrect.]

The purpose of this study is to develop three scales to assess some features of a web-based monitoring and support system for internship processes of trainees which was named Monitoring and Support System (SIDES). These scales are: "SIDES Satisfaction Scale", "SIDES Acceptance Scale", and "SIDES Usability Scale". We developed these scales as an assessment model within the scope of a project. In development phases, the scopes and the names of the scales were formed by results of the literature review. Satisfaction, acceptance and usability scales have item pools with 6, 17 and 27 questions respectively. The scales were submitted to 10 field experts for taking opinions for validity. After taking expert opinions, the scales were applied to 56 senior students who used the SIDES in an experimental condition in an academic term within the scope of the teaching practice classes in Sakarya University Computer and Instructional Technologies Teaching Bachelor Program. To examine the construct validity of the scales, the Exploratory Factor Analyses was used. Cronbach's Alpha internal consistency coefficients were calculated for internal consistency reliabilities. As a result of the analyses, one-factor, 6-item "SIDES Satisfaction Scale"; 3-factor, 14-item "SIDES Acceptance Scale" and 3-factor, 19-item "SIDES Usability Scale" were developed. These scales may be used or considered as examples for examining the effectiveness of webbased monitoring and support systems.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Design Based Science Education (DBSE) applications on the perceptions of science teacher candidates about engineering education and engineers. In the quantitative part of the study in which the mixed method was involved, a semi-experimental design with single group pre-test post-test was used while a case study design was adopted in the qualitative part of the study. The study group of the research consisted of 52 juniors who were receiving education at a university in the Aegean Region in the 2016-2017 academic year. The quantitative data of the study were obtained through the 'Engineering Education Survey' and the qualitative data through 'Draw an Engineer Test.' The quantitative data were analyzed using a statistics software program and the qualitative data through content analysis. It was determined as a result of the study that DBSE applications positively affect the perceptions of teacher candidates about engineering education and engineers. It was also determined that the teacher candidates' stereotypical perceptions about engineers being male and working on their own decreased and their perceptions about the work area and activities of engineers changed in a positive manner. In the light of the findings obtained in the study, the importance of design based applications in STEM education was underlined.

The study examines opinions of preservice teachers on their acceptance of the use of mobile technologies for teaching purposes. This study is a phenomenological research. Semi-structured interviews were held with 4 preservice Turkish teachers and 4 preservice Science teachers selected by criterion sampling method. The resulting themes related to opinions of the preservice teachers on their acceptance of the use of mobile technologies for teaching purposes are as follows: "Perceived Usefulness and Ease of Use," "Intention of Use and Attitude Towards Use," "Social Effect," "Individual Competencies," "Integration in Educational Environment" and "Innovation."

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of skiing on the biomotoric characteristics of children with evaluating tests of girls between the ages of eight and 14 before and after the season. The experimental group of this study was 15 girls who had just started skiing and the control group of 30 girls. In total, 45 volunteers joined the study. To follow the development of the children in the study, the Bruininks biomotoric-Oseretsky proficiency testing of engines, Second Edition Short Form (BOT 2 brief) test: Fine Motor Precision, Fine Motor Integration, Manual Dexterity, Bilateral Coordination, Balance, Running Speed and Agility, Upper-Limb Coordination, and Strength was used and total scores were measured. All measurements observed changes in the first test by applying the latest testing methods. The Windows SPSS 17.0 statistical package program was used to analyze the data with Independent-Sample t-test to find the differences between the groups. Statistically meaningful levels resulted as p< 0.05 and p< 0.001. No meaningful differences were found in the comparison of the motoric features of the girls who ski and those who do not in their pre-test. A meaningful difference was found in fine motor skills, fine motor accord and total score after ski training. Ski training contributed to the fine motor skills, fine motor accord and total score of the girls.

It was aimed with this study to identify primary school fourth-grade students' perceptions of technology. The study was designed as phenomenology method. The participants of the research were composed of 58 primary school fourth-grade students attending to a public school. The research data were obtained through picture drawing, metaphors, Word Association Test, and semi-structured interviews. The findings showed that the students had similar perceptions of technology and they associated the concept of technology rather with higher tech products. They also defined technology as things that make things easier and emphasized that it has positive and negative aspects.

Concept of augmented reality (AR) has been attracting the attention of researchers due to its feature of combining physical environment of students and digital presentation materials and offering them to users. AR applications have made a great impression among scientists working in a wide range of fields from engineering sciences to social sciences and become the subject matter of theoretical and experimental research and different kinds of studies in a process starting from the design and programming steps of AR applications to their usage by end-users. In this research, 191 different studies conducted by Turkish scientists on AR were subjected to a document analysis, and the studies were examined according to their fields, types, research designs and population and sample characteristics. These studies were also subjected to a content analysis and scrutinized. According to the research results, AR applications have become the subject matters of product design/development studies particularly in engineering sciences while their different effects have been tested with quantitative research designs in educational sciences. (A bibliography is included.)

The aim of this study is to determine the opinions of 6th grade students towards teaching applications developed on the basis of Planning-Practicing-Evaluation model which is an ICT integration model for effective mathematics teaching. While teaching process was designed, Moodle which is a learning management system was used in order to use teaching applications together in a systematic and planned way. Throughout the teaching process, ICT resources such as interactive board, computer, GeoGebra dynamic geometry software, web 2.0 tools (digital stories, videos, animations, games) were used. 33 sixth grade students participated in the research. The case study of qualitative research methods was used in the study. Students' opinions on teaching practices were collected through semi-structured interview method. The obtained data were analyzed by content analysis. As a result, it was determined that the students expressed their opinions towards learning practices increases comprehensibility of the subjects, provides learning opportunities by make and experience, develops positive attitude towards mathematics teaching, attractive and interesting, they associate daily life with mathematics and increases the desire to participate lessons with having catchy lessons.

The aim of the quantitative study is to identify the digital literacy levels of prospective teachers in terms of several variables. The sample consisted of 354 prospective teachers studying in different departments of Sakarya University College of Education. The 30-item instrument used to gather the data was the "Digital Literacy Scale" developed and used by the researchers. The scale was composed of 5 different factors namely information literacy, visual literacy, software literacy, technology literacy and computer literacy. Exploratory Factor Analysis, Cronbach alpha, t-test and Anova were used for data analysis. Results showed that in terms of gender variable digital literacy levels of male prospective teachers and in terms of department variable digital literacy levels of computer education and instructional technology teaching department were found high. Besides, the digital literacy levels of prospective teachers having continuous Internet connection or a computer that they can continuously use were found high. In addition, the research found that prospective teachers' personal income levels had no effect on their digital literacy levels.

This literature review aimed to examine the status, trends and tendencies in publications about virtual classrooms, instructional design in the virtual classroom and instructional effectiveness in the virtual classroom, as indexed in the ERIC database. For this review, we examined 2680 publications indexed in ERIC between 1994 and 2018. We collected data with data mining and utilised several Python libraries as resources for developing the analysis plan. The results of the analysis are presented in visual form. For each of the three subject matter areas examined in this study, we present the themes in the publications by years, titles, abstracts and ERIC descriptors. We report in detail the trends and challenges that emerged from the analysis. The results show that the words "learning", "online", and "environment" were prominent in each of the three subject matter areas. The primary topics addressed were literacy and curriculum development, and researchers examined the roles of instructors, learners and managers.

While there are many studies in the literature on out‐of‐school learning (OSL) environments, whose importance for learning is increasingly understood, studies involving parents and their views on these environments are rarely found. However, parents' contribution is extremely important and necessary for an efficient learning process. In this study, a survey was developed to determine parents' views on OSL environments. Thirty‐seven parents were face‐to‐face interviewed regarding to their views on OSL environments. An item pool was formed based on these interviews. Then this pre‐survey was administered to 702 voluntary parents. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses have performed and a survey with 21 items has been obtained. The survey has three dimensions: contribution of OSL environments to children's cognitive development; contribution of OSL environments to skill development; and parents' concerns about out‐of‐school learning environments. According to the findings, a significant number of parents are aware of the contribution of out‐of‐school learning environments in terms of both cognitive and skill acquisition. Also, it is seen that the gender of the parents and the gender of their child do not make any significant difference in their views. Parents with a bachelor's degree believe that out‐of‐school learning environments will contribute more to their children's skill and cognitive development than parents with a primary and secondary school degree. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When teachers organize planned and systematical out-of-school learning activities, students can understand the abstract and complex terms and topics better and therefore meaningful and deeper learning can occur. Within this context this study aims to develop a valid and reliable scale to determine the attitudes, behaviors, efficiency and competence of the teachers while teaching science on using the out-of-school learning environments supporting the in-class educational activities. The scale was administered to 520 teachers to evaluate the validity and reliability. An expert opinion was asked for the face and content validity of the scale and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were made for the construct validity. The results of the EFA displayed that the scale includes 24 items under 4 different factors. After the EFA, CFA was made to verify the structures of the scale. The fit indexes obtained from CFA were acceptable. Therefore, it was inferred that the items of the scale were in accordance with the related models. Besides, the Cronbach's Alpha coefficient was calculated as 0.89. The analyses and obtained values revealed that the scale is valid and reliable.

Virtual learning environments (VLEs) are web-based software systems that enable students to interact with their teachers and classmates, access learning resources without restriction of time and place, and use cutting-edge Information and Communication Technologies. Nevertheless, VLEs are costly to develop and maintain. Clearly, many features of VLEs may not be as useful to learners as designers and stakeholders might think, resulting in waste of resources. With this possibility in mind, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the features of the VLE employed at Middlesex University. To that end, first, a scale with 11 items and 3 sub-dimensions was developed and tested through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to identify student perceptions of the (1) benefit, (2) satisfaction, and (3) guidance, aiming at identifying student views on how beneficial the system was, whether they were satisfied with it, and how they perceived the guidance provided through it, respectively. Next, the scale was administered to a sample of 278 students to determine whether the perceptions differed depending on campus location, and grade level. Finally, questions were also asked to pinpoint the features of the VLE that the students found most useful and beneficial. Data were analysed through ANOVA, correlation, and rank analyses. Results show that the students' perception of the VLE did not significantly differ based on campus location or grade level. Two features of the VLE--lecture capture and key concept videos--were the most beneficial resources for the students, whereas "lecture capture with PowerPoint slides and audio only," discussion forums, and chat rooms, were not preferred. The students were not much enthusiastic to have access to blogs, audio/video conferencing facilities, wikis, or chat either.

Bu çalışmada Bilişim Teknolojileri (BT) öğretmenlerinin mesleki, kişisel ve teknik özelliklerinin ele alınması ile okul yönetimindeki rollerinin ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda çalışmanın temel problemi “Bilişim Teknolojileri öğretmenlerinin okul yönetimindeki yeri nedir?” sorusuna ilişkin okul yöneticilerinin görüşlerinin alınmasıdır. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden fenomenoloji desenine uygun olarak yürütülen bu çalışmada Sakarya ilindeki Milli Eğitim Bakanlığına bağlı devlet okullarında görev yapmakta olan 8 yöneticinin görüşleri araştırmacılar tarafından oluşturulan yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu ile derinlemesine incelenmiştir. Elde edilen veriler içerik ile analiz edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, Bilişim Teknolojileri öğretmenlerinin teknik bilgilerinin yanı sıra mesleki bilgileri ile de okulun etkili yönetilmesi noktasında önemli bir yere sahip olduğu görülmektedir. Bu bağlamda, Bilişim Teknolojileri öğretmenlerinin okul yönetiminde kolaylaştırıcı bir rol oynadığı, bu durumun sadece teknik bilgileri ile değil; aynı zamanda mesleki ve kişisel yeterliklerinden de kaynaklı olduğu söylenebilir. Bu durumda eğitim politikaları kapsamında okullarda Bilişim Teknolojileri öğretmenlerinin sahip oldukları alan ve teknik bilgilerini uygulayabileceği pozisyonların oluşturulmasının gerekli olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bilişim Teknolojileri öğretmenlerinin yönetsel süreçlere katkısının yanında, diğer paydaşlar ile işbirliği içerisinde çalışabilecekleri ortamları oluşturacağı ve diğer derslerde teknoloji entegrasyonunda öğretmenlerin sadece teknik açıdan değil aynı zamanda pedagojik açıdan da destek olabileceği düşünülmektedir.

As the Internet and computer develop, the world is changing dramatically and fantastically. Usage of technological tools is increased day by day in daily life besides ICT. All the technological tools shape individual behavior, life style and learning style as well as individual lives. Today's child use different tools and different way to socialize. Most of the educational institutions support their education with Web and Web 2.0 applications. Pre-service teachers are the people who use technology in their learning experience and the people who use technology in their teaching experience. In this research Web 2.0 habits of pre-service teachers from Turkey and US was studied. And results show that Turkish participants use more frequently Web 2.0 tools than US participants. Especially Turkish male participants who have blog account and who have microblog account use more frequently Web 2.0 tools in learning and entertainment activities. (Contains 13 tables and 1 figure.)

Information and communication technology usage in school settings has increased significantly. Most of the teacher education colleges realized this situation and change their education programs and give technology and educational technology classes to their students. In this research it is aimed to reveal pre-service teacher believe concerning ICT usage in K-12 and university settings. Results show that gender, internet connection and compute usage do not affect ICT usage believe. (Contains 4 tables.)

Scientific information and new developments influence human lives making every human endeavor systematic. These developments in science and technology lead to educating literate individuals in terms of science and technology, or individuals who can think creatively and deliver their ideas freely. More specifically, individuals in today's world should be educated in a way that they are able to differentiate causes and effects, analyze ideas and solve problems efficiently. In order to educate such individuals, the society needs to have a sound grasp of the notions of technology and literacy along with the interrelationship between these notions. Thus, developments in science and technology influence our lives in a gradually increasing way, which leads the society to equip future generations with working knowledge of science and technology issues.

Scientific information and new developments influence human lives making every human endeavor systematic. These developments in science and technology lead to educating literate individuals in terms of science and technology, or individuals who can think creatively and deliver their ideas freely. More specifically, individuals in today's world should be educated in a way that they are able to differentiate causes and effects, analyze ideas and solve problems efficiently. In order to educate such individuals, the society needs to have a sound grasp of the notions of technology and literacy along with the interrelationship between these notions. Thus, developments in science and technology influence our lives in a gradually increasing way, which leads the society to equip future generations with working knowledge of science and technology issues.

Problem statement: Evaluation, an important step in educational settings, is usually understood as a process to measure what students know or what they have learned. A variety of methods can be used for assessment and tests are one of the most important and widely-used. While being tested, one may learn or retrieve previously learned information via some mental processes that work on the memory. This phenomenon is called the "testing effect." Despite some disadvantages, tests can also be used as learning materials. So, we will present our study on the testing effect in the classroom setting. Purpose of study: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the testing effect occurs in a classroom setting while using a test consisting of multiple choice and matching questions and a worksheet that summarizes the topic, and also to examine the effects of feedback and time. Methods: In this study, the testing effect was investigated in a college chemistry course, and 98 pre-service science teachers participated. A pretest, post-test, control group research design was followed to investigate the testing effect. A pre-test that has 100 short-answer questions was performed and students were grouped according to scores from that test. Seven groups (six experimental and one control) were constituted with the requirement that each group had the same average score on the pre-test. An intervening test was applied to four groups (two of them received feedback immediately after the test), a worksheet that summarizes the topic was studied by two groups and one group (control group) had no additional activity. The same pre-test was applied as a post-test to determine final retention. Three groups received this post-test a day later, and the other three experimental groups and the control group received it a week later. Final retention of previously learned information and the effects of testing, receiving feedback and re-studying were investigated. Finding and Results: The results of this study showed that exposing students to supporting practices has a positive effect on retention of previously learned information regardless of the type of the practice. Specifically, tests, which educational professionals frequently use to assess their students' learning, should be used to support teaching and learning processes instead of just to determine the level of learning. Conclusions and Recommendation: The results have important implications for classroom practice. That is, since much research supports the claim that testing has an important effect on students' retention of previously learned information, it, therefore, should be used to improve classroom practices, and support teaching and learning processes.

Copyright of Journal of Midwifery & Health Sciences is the property of Ataturk University Coordinatorship of Scientific Journals and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ondokuz Mayis University Journal of Education is the property of Ondokuz Mayis University Faculty of Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Using technology in a science teaching is so important. Only the person, who can use these tools in expert level, can use these tools in their teaching activities. In this research it is aimed firstly identifying science teacher candidates web 2.0 tools usage experience level and factors affecting experience level. In this research survey method was adapted. To gather research data a survey was developed. Survey contains seven sections concerning demographic data, blog, wiki, image sharing, document sharing, social network site and instant messaging usage. After reviewing literature survey developed and survey was given CEIT and science education experts to review. After expert examination survey, finalized survey administrated 289 science teacher candidates and obtained data analyzed.Research findings show that science teacher candidates experience regarding each tool fairly equal and their experience do not differ notable level by gender, computer experience or internet experience. (Contains 7 tables.)

Internet is an important facilitator for human and humans use this medium almost every phase. As a shopping medium, internet attract human so attract researcher. Younger people can adapt newer technologies so they can adapt internet as shopping tool. In this research it is tried to define college of education students' online shopping behavior and online shopping activities. Research results show that male students teacher are more familiar and have more positive attitude than female student teacher. Teacher students, who have more monthly income and have more internet self efficacy have positive attitude and intension to shop online. Participants who have credit card, have more familiarity and less anxiety concerning internet shopping. (Contains 16 tables.)

HCI is a field which has an increasing popularity by virtue of the spread of the computers and internet and gradually contributes to the production of the user-friendlier software and hardware with the contribution of the scientists from different disciplines. Teacher candidates studying at the computer and instructional technologies department are individuals to take office in the field of instructional programs and software development. Acquaintance of teacher candidates studying at the computer and instructional technologies department with the HCI and its findings will enable such candidates to design usable websites and the achievement of message and interface design conforming to the rules. This research was conducted by using the phenomenological research method in order to determine the descriptions and perceptions of teacher candidates studying at the computer and instructional technologies department in respect of the human-computer interaction and respective basic concepts. Data gathered from the candidates by means of an open-ended question form were analyzed using descriptive analysis. According to the research results, it was seen that teacher candidates described the human-computer interaction and related basic concepts approximately close to the truth. (Contains 5 tables.)

Rapidly increasing educational needs of the information society individuals make it necessary and commonplace to use information and communication technologies for instructional purposes. These technologies regulate, direct and shape individuals' social interactions, and help individuals participate in processes and activities which are relatively difficult to participate in (Englert, Margaret, & Young, 2004). Thus, information and communication technologies have become frequently used devices in modern instructional settings by both students and teachers not only because they provide plenty of interaction opportunities, but also they allow participants to access a plethora of information sources and instructional contents regardless of the time and place they are used. Instructional use of information and communication technologies carries a peculiar importance as they also facilitate meeting the instructional needs of special students who cannot follow the requirements of normal educational processes. These individuals are different in comparison to their peers regarding their individual characteristics and educational proficiencies. Thus, implementing the same instructional methods and contents might not lead to ideal learning outcomes. In order to provide these individuals with a quality education along with chances to pursue an independent life, the instructional processes should be followed with a greater care. In this article, the authors investigate the instructional and daily use of PDA's by the students with hearing impairment. In this respect, the authors focus on the education of students with hearing impairment in Turkey, investigate the instructional uses of mobile technologies, and question the ways to integrate mobile technologies into hearing impaired students' daily lives and instructional experiences. (Contains 2 figures and 4 tables.)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the high school students' views on instructions based on Flipped Classroom Model (FC) and LEGO applications. The case study, which is one of the qualitative research methods, was used within the scope of the study, the duration of which was 7 weeks. In order to choose the research group of the study, one of the purposeful sampling methods, criterion sampling, was used. In this context, the study was conducted with 35 10th grade high school students from two different classes. EGA (ExperimentalGroupA) consisted of 18 students while EGB (ExperimentalGroupB) consisted of 17 students. Within the scope of the study, algorithm instruction with FC and LEGO applications was conducted on EGA and LEGO applications and algorithm instruction in classroom were conducted on EGB. In accordance with the study, processes of focus group discussions and gathering data through observation were carried out. For the analysis of the data that was gathered, content analysis was performed and NVivo 8 was used. In the end of the study, the students were observed to be having great prejudices and reported negative views in the beginning of the study. Upon the initiation of the study, the prejudices and negative opinions were observed to be replaced by positive opinions. Students mentioned a great deal of educational benefits of the study. They stated that with the study, their motivation and interest in the lesson increased thanks to the implementations. Additionally in the group work, students said that they cooperated, exchanged ideas, shared tasks, took responsibility and socialized with their friends. About FC, students gave positive feedback on the communication opportunities of the atmosphere and they stated that they could repeatedly go beyond the class hours with FC, hence came prepared and saved time. Also students stated that FC atmosphere improved opportunities for teacher-student communication.

Web 2.0 can provide learners with increased interaction and online collaboration. Among its applications, weblogs have gained an increasing popularity as they allow bloggers to voice their own perspectives which can be delivered to a large audience through the Web. Weblogs can be integrated into teaching-learning process as they encourage learners to collaborate and freely voice their ideas. However, innovative technologies might not always lead to innovative distance education practices if timely adaptation lags behind. This study presents a review on instructional use of weblogs along with implications for open and distance learning. (Contains 1 figure.)