Search

Diastolic dysfunction is the decreased flexibility of the left ventricle due to the impaired ability of the myocardium to relax and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of heart failure. Lipid metabolism is a well-known contributor to cardiac conditions, including ventricular function. In this article, we aimed to review the literature addressing the connections between lipids, their storage, and metabolism with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction.We searched Google scholar, Pubmed, Embase and Researchgate for our keywords: "Diastolic function", "Fat" and "Lipid profile". Initially, 250 articles were selected by title and 84 of them were chosen as most relevant and directly reviewed.Alterations of lipid metabolism in cardiac muscle and cardiac lipid content can occur in many conditions, including consumption of a high-fat diet, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). These conditions induce alterations in myocardial lipid metabolism, increase myocardial fat content and epicardial fat thickness and increase inflammation and oxidative stress which ultimately lead to cardiac lipotoxicity and diastolic dysfunction. The effects of lipids on diastolic function can differ based on gender. Lipid profile and metabolism are as important in the pathogenesis of diastolic dysfunction as they are in other cardiovascular disorders. A more careful look at cardiac lipid metabolism in molecular, histological and gross levels results in more precise understanding of its role in myocardial function and leads to development of potential treatments for diastolic dysfunction.

To show that there is relation between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and metabolic syndrome and also, its components.Metabolic syndrome is associated with elevated fasting blood glucose, increased blood pressure, central obesity, decreased high-density lipoprotein, and increased triglyceride levels. Because of its growing incidence and prevalence and the effect that it has on developing other noncommunicable diseases, the importance gets even more value. The prediction and control of this disease in its early stages and in the most inexpensive way is of crucial need. Due to the role of chronic low-grade inflammation in metabolic syndrome, cytokines and inflammatory factors (like interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α) play a critical role on this phenomenon. The NLR is an inflammatory marker that has an unchallenging availability and has a reasonable cost. The NLR is related to obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and blood cholesterol levels.This suggests that there may be a relationship between the NLR and metabolic syndrome. The NLR, as a low-grade inflammation marker, indicates a positive relationship with central obesity. Also, studies indicate that the incidence of diabetes, its severity, and its control are related to the NLR. Hypertension and hyperlipidemia can both be noticed with higher NLRs. This rapid review assesses the association between metabolic syndrome and the NLR.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of the deadly disease known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that has reached pandemic proportions. Currently, there is no definitive treatment for COVID-19, although many vaccines have been developed. The World Health Organization has approved the safety and efficacy of the AstraZeneca/Oxford, Johnson and Johnson/Janssen (JnJ), Moderna, Pfizer/BioNTech, Sinopharm, and Sinovac vaccines so far. The approved formulations of AstraZeneca, JnJ, and Gam-COVID-vac (Sputnik V) contain DNA delivered within non-replicating recombinant adenovirus vector-based systems, while the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines utilize mRNA technology and lipid nanoparticle delivery systems. All of these vaccines encode production of the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein, ultimately triggering immunity in the human body. COVID-19 causes several cardiovascular complications, such as arrhythmias, myocarditis, pericarditis, and venous thromboembolism. SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have been associated with rare, but sometimes fatal, cardiovascular side effects, which are the topics of this review. SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in general may cause thromboembolic events, such as cerebral vein thrombosis, and mRNA-based vaccines in particular may cause myocarditis/pericarditis, with the latter more likely to occur in younger adults after the second vaccination dose. Nevertheless, the advantages of these vaccines for ending the pandemic and/or decreasing the mortality rate outweigh any risk for the rare cardiovascular complications.

Cardiovascular events (CVE) are the most prominent cause of death worldwide. Therefore, achieving a precise affordable index for the prediction of healthy cases at increased risk of CVE in early stages and subsequently lessening the rate of CVE mortality is a critical goal of healthcare systems. We aimed to assess the value of Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) in the prediction of CVE and mortality through a 15-year cohort study.This study was conducted on 6323 over 35-year-old healthy adults from 2001 to 2016. The baseline AIP was measured based on the formula of TG to HDL logarithm and divided into three subgroups of low, intermediate, and high risk of CVD, as0.11, 0.11-0.21, and ≥0.21, respectively. Eventually, the association of AIP with sociodemographic, lifestyle, traditional CVE-related factors and CVE-induced mortality was evaluated.The multiple cox regression study of AIP values for the prediction of CVE incidence revealed a significant association (OR: 1.57, 95%CI: 1.33-1.85); similar remarkable associations were achieved by controlling age and sex (OR: 1.55, 95%CI: 1.31-1.83), sociodemographic factors (OR: 1.51, 95%CI: 1.29-1.79), sociodemographic plus lifestyle factors (OR: 1.54, 95%CI: 1.30-1.81) and sociodemographic, lifestyle and the traditional CVE-related factors (OR: 1.28, 95%CI: 1.07-1.54). The Kaplan-Meier survival study showed a significant association between AIP levels and CVE-related mortality (p0.001).In conclusion, AIP is an independent stand-alone factor for the prediction of developing CVE and its-related mortality.

BackgroundPlatelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) is an inflammation index suggested to have the prognostic capability in heart failure (HF). We sought to investigate the association of PLR with cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and creatinine (Cr) rise among Iranian individuals suffering from acute decompensated HF (ADHF).MethodsThis retrospective cohort study was in the context of the Persian Registry Of cardioVascular diseasE/Heart Failure (PROVE/HF) study. 405 individuals with ADHF admitted to the emergency department were recruited from April 2019 to March 2020. PLR was calculated by division of platelet to absolute lymphocyte counts and categorized based on quartiles. We utilized the Kaplan–Meier curve to show the difference in mortality based on PLR quartiles. Cr rise was defined as the increment of at least 0.3 mg/dl from baseline. Cox proportional hazard ratio (HR) was used to investigate the association of PLR with CVDs mortality.ResultsMean age of participants was 65.9 ± 13.49 years (males: 67.7%). The mean follow-up duration was 4.26 ± 2.2 months. CVDs mortality or re-hospitalization was not significantly associated with PLR status. Multivariate analysis of PLR quartiles showed a minimally reduced likelihood of CVDs death in 2nd quartile versus the first one (HR 0.40, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.16–1.01, P = 0.054). Cr rise had no remarkable relation with PLR status in neither model.ConclusionPLR could not be used as an independent prognostic factor among ADHF patients. Several studies are required clarifying the exact utility of this index.

Backgroundvarious studies have investigated the impact of basic sciences knowledge on clinical diagnosis for skilled and novice physicians but, it is still a matter of controversy why and how clinical diagnosis and clinical reasoning are related to basic sciences knowledge.ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the correlation between basic science knowledge with clinical reasoning skills by evaluating the correlation between the scores of the basic sciences course with the score of the clinical reasoning exam.MethodsA clinical reasoning exam was used to evaluate the clinical reasoning skills of all medical interns of two internal medicine rotations. Scores were evaluated for correlation with the basic sciences course scores and basic sciences national comprehensive exam results. statistical analysis was performed using an independent t-test, stepwise regression, and Pearson correlation coefficient.ResultsAll of the basic sciences course scores and basic sciences national comprehensive exam results correlated positively significant with the total score of the clinical reasoning exam and the score of the clinical reasoning exam were most closely correlated with the average score of the basic sciences course rather than to each course individually. The only predictive factor for clinical reasoning skills is the average score of basic sciences course. No significant gender differences were observed in the data analysis.ConclusionThe results of this study suggest that learning basic sciences knowledge has positive correlations with clinical reasoning skills. However, this correlation is small to moderate based on the course. Our findings support the view that learning basic science knowledge is effective in the formation of clinical reasoning skills.

Background This study aimed to investigate the effect of melatonin supplementation on endothelial function in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Methods This is an analysis of the MeHR trial, a randomized double‐blinded placebo‐controlled clinical trial with two parallel arms of 1:1. Oral 10 mg melatonin tablets or placebo was administered for 24 weeks. Deference in the percentage of flow‐mediated dilatation (FMD) after the intervention was the primary outcome. Results Ninety‐two patients were included in the study (age: 62.7±10.3 years, 87.0% male, ejection fraction (EF): 28.6±8.1). After adjustment for baseline FMD and age, a statistically significant difference in post‐treatment FMD in favor of the melatonin group was seen (estimated marginal means [95%CI], melatonin: 7.84% [6.69–8.98], placebo: 5.98% [4.84–7.12], p = .027). There was no significant difference in the mean of post‐treatment systolic/diastolic blood pressure, serum total antioxidant capacity, and serum malondialdehyde (MDA) between groups. Subgroup analysis showed significant improvement in FMD and MDA in the melatonin group in nondiabetic patients, while no difference was seen between study groups in diabetic patients. Conclusions Melatonin supplementation in HFrEF might improve endothelial function; however, this beneficial effect might not be seen in diabetic patients.

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is linked to high levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), atherosclerotic, and aortic stenosis to a lesser extent. We looked at the incidence of prevalent comorbid disorders other than cardiovascular disease (CVD), such as diabetes, chronic kidney disease (CKD), hypertension, and cancer in heterozygous FH (HeFH) patients. PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched systematically for studies reporting comorbidities in FH patients. Finally, 23 studies were included after excluding duplicates, papers with unrelated titles, reviews, abstracts, and papers with not sufficient data. Results showed that among the comorbidities that have been studied; FH patients had a greater prevalence of CKD. In terms of diabetes, the data are inconsistent, with some research indicating a higher prevalence of diabetes in FH patients and mostly indicating the opposite. Polymorphism study showed that hypertension has been linked to FH; however, the prevalence of the hypertensive subjects varies among FH groups. In comparison to the general population, cancer was found to have a lower or similar prevalence in FH patients. More research is needed in this area due to the variability of the results of the relationship between diabetes and FH and the small number of studies on cancer. In conclusion only CKD can be considered as an important and prevalent comorbidity in FH population after CVDs.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) pose a serious threat to people's health, with extremely high global morbidity, mortality, and disability rates. This study aimed to review the literature that examined the relationship between blood groups and CVD. Many studies have reported that non-O blood groups are associated with an increased risk and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) and acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Non-O blood groups increase the risk and severity of these conditions by increasing von-Willebrand factor (VWF) and plasma cholesterol levels and inducing endothelial dysfunction and inflammation. They have also been linked with increased coronary artery calcification, coronary lesion complexity, and poor collateral circulation. Blood groups also affect the prognosis of CAD and ACS and can alter the rate of complications and mortality. Several cardiovascular complications have been described for COVID-19, and blood groups can influence their occurrence. No studies have found a significant relationship between the Lewis blood group and CVD. In conclusion, people with non-O blood groups should be vigilantly monitored for cardiovascular risk factors as prevention and proper treatment of these risk factors may mitigate their risk of CVD and adverse cardiovascular events.

One of the first goals of reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is to achieve effective therapies for hyperlipidemia. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Allium hirtifolium bulbs on serum lipid profile in patients with hyperlipidemia.This clinical trial was conducted on hyperlipidemic patients in two drug (Allium; n = 25) and placebo (n = 24) groups. The first group received 500 mg of A. hirtifolium bulbs twice daily for 6 weeks, while the second group received placebo for the same frequency and duration. Cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), fasting blood sugar (FBS), creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured at the beginning and the end of study and were compared between the groups.A. hirtifolium reduced total cholesterol and LDL significantly compared to the placebo (P 0.05). However, no significant effects on other parameters were observed. Furthermore, the use of A. hirtifolium had no effects on renal and liver function tests.The use of A. hirtifolium bulbs can decrease serum total cholesterol and LDL in hyperlipidemic adult patients.

Melatonin, the major secretion of the pineal gland, has beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system and might advantage heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) by attenuating the effects of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and sympathetic system on the heart besides its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.We hypothesized that oral melatonin might improve echocardiographic parameters, serum biomarkers, and a composite clinical outcome (including quality of life, hospitalization, and mortality) in patients with HFrEF.A placebo-controlled double-blinded randomized clinical trial was conducted on patients with stable HFrEF. The intervention was 10 mg melatonin or placebo tablets administered every night for 24 weeks. Echocardiography and measurements of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-Pro BNP), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, lipid profile, and psychological parameters were done at baseline and after 24 weeks.Overall, 92 patients were recruited, and 85 completed the study (melatonin: 42, placebo: 43). Serum NT-Pro BNP decreased significantly in the melatonin compared with the placebo group (estimated marginal means for difference [95% confidence interval]: 111.0 [6.2-215.7], p = .044). Moreover, the melatonin group had a significantly better clinical outcome (0.93 [0.18-1.69], p = .017), quality of life (5.8 [0.9-12.5], p = .037), and New York Heart Association class (odds ratio: 12.9 [1.6-102.4]; p = .015) at the end of the trial. Other studied outcomes were not significantly different between groups.Oral melatonin decreased NT-Pro BNP and improved the quality of life in patients with HFrEF. Thus it might be a beneficial supplement in HFrEF.

Background and Aims. Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder of lipid metabolism which leads to premature cardiovascular diseases. In patients with FH, blood inflammatory markers may be disrupted; however, its extent is unclear. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the NLR (neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio), PLR (platelet count to lymphocyte count ratio), MPV (mean platelet volume), RPR (red blood cell distribution width to platelet count ratio), WBC (white blood cell), and PDW (platelet distribution width and platelet count). Methods. The patients were selected from laboratories due to high cholesterol level and who had history of premature cardiovascular disease. The Dutch Lipid Clinic Network (DLCN) criteria are used for the detection of FH. Controls had a history of hyperlipidemia, and both groups could be on pharmacotherapy or not. All the biochemical markers were evaluated using appreciate methods. Statistical analysis was done using STATA 14. Results. The study group consisted of 1074 patients with FH and 473 control cases. Of the CBC inflammatory markers, only PLR was significantly ( p value = 0.003 ) higher in FH patients ( 7.96 ± 10.08 ) compared to non-FH ( 6.45 ± 2.44 ). In FH patients, the PLR was significantly higher in probable/definite FH group ( 9.70 ± 14.06 ) compared to possible FH ( 7.36 ± 8.23 ) ( p value < 0.001 ). Linear regression analysis showed that only RLR was independently associated with total cholesterol ( b = 0.000 , p = 0.13 ). Conclusions. Our results may show the importance of high cholesterol on platelet activity and highlight the use of lipid lowering drugs in patients with hyperlipidemia.

Arterial hypertension is a highly urgent problem of modern medicine since the crisis of blood pressure control remains open, despite the increasing number of uncontrolled arterial hypertension. Today, one of the most critical problems of cardiology is the study of the mechanisms of development and progression of arterial hypertension. Therefore, our international and multidisciplinary working group presents a vision of a new therapeutic target - urotensin II in the pathogenesis of arterial hypertension. Thus, this article reflects the concept of the Armenian, Georgian and Iranian medical schools.

Raised inter arm blood pressure difference (IABPD) is already well-known as a clinical sign of peripheral arterial diseases including aortic dissection and subclavian stenosis. However, there are several other diseases associated with high IABPD. Therefore, this study aimed to review the association between increased IABPD and the presence of lethal health conditions, the possible mechanisms behind this relationship, and its contributing risk factors. Significant IABPD has been observed in patients with atherosclerotic plaques, peripheral artery disease, coronary artery disease, and chronic kidney disease. Patients with high IABPD are also at more risk of left ventricular hypertrophy that may affect long-term cardiac function. Besides, brain injuries such as stroke, dementia, and Alzheimer's disease has been related to increased IABPD. Considering that raised IABPD is associated with multiple cardiovascular diseases and other organ damage, IABPD detection may be accurate for the early diagnosis and screening of these life-threatening diseases and help manage them better.

Dill is an aromatic edible herb, belongs to the genus Anethum in the celery family (Apiaceae or Umbelliferae) with a long history of cultivation from ancient times and two closely related cultivated species, European dill (Anethum graveolens) and Indian dill (Anethum Sowa). We wanted to do this systematic review on the effect of Anethum graveolens intake on lipid profile because the outcomes of multiple research and meta-analyses in this regard were inconsistent. A systematic search for English published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) covering PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Coherence library. The pooled weighted mean difference (MD) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated and pooled using a random-effects model. Pooled data of 6 RCTs involving 171 intervention cases indicated that dill supplementation was associated with a significant reduction in mean serum total cholesterol (MD 95% CI= -3.71(-5.71,-1.70); P0.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (MD 95% CI= -1.51(-2.65,-0.47); P = 0.005), TG (triglycerides) (MD 95% CI= -2.48(-3.98,-0.98); P = 0.001) and interestingly high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level (HDL-C) (MD 95% CI= -2.19(-3.58,-0.81); P = 0.002). Subgroup analysis showed that dill use was more effective in lowering triglyceride in both hyperlipidemic patients, MD 95% CI= -3.54(-6.49,-0.60); P = 0.02) and type 2 diabetes (MD 95% CI= -3.64(-5.69,-1.58); P = 0.001). Dill use reduced the LDL levels more effectively in patients with type 2 diabetes (MD 95% CI= -3.54(-6.49,-0.60); P = 0.03). Dill supplementation significantly improved LDL-C, TG, and Total cholesterol (TC) levels but not HDL-C. Further high quality controlled clinical trials on human is needed for more accurate and confirm conclusion.

Breast cancer (BC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) are among the most common cancers in Iran. We aimed to develop a risk assessment model to predict the development of cardiovascular events in these patients by performing a 5 year prospective cohort study on a newly diagnosed patients with BC or CRC before they receive any treatment. A multi-center prospective cohort study of 2700 newly diagnosed BC and CRC patients has been started in Iran since 2019 and will be continued until 2024. Demographics, socioeconomic status, life style behaviors, psychological characteristics and type of cancer treatments will be collected by standard questionnaires and blood pressure, obesity indices will be measured. Blood sampling, ECG, and echocardiography will be done in all patients at base line, 6 and 12 months, then at annual basis for five years. Incidence of heart failure, acute coronary syndrome, stroke and CVD related death are the primary outcome of this study. In this preliminary analysis, 70 patients with BC and 30 patients with CRC were enrolled in this study from April 2019 to November 2019. Mean age of BC and CRC patients was 48 ± 10.5 and 61 ± 13.2 respectively. 98.6% of patients in BC group and 60% of CRC groups were female. This study will be a platform for other cancers to develop CVD risk assessment charts that can cover other cancers. Patients who lie in the high risk category according to the newly developed risk assessment chart, should receive special management and preventive interventions.

Background: Some studies have been reported the rates of co-infection between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza virus in the different regions. In this study, we report the co-infection rates between SARS-CoV-2 and influenza type B in Isfahan, Iran. Materials and Methods: All patients with a definite diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from Isfahan COVID-19 registry (I-core) study were enrolled from February 2020. Results: Of the 1639 laboratory COVID-19 confirmed in Isfahan province, only two persons were positive for Influenza B from Isfahan COVID-19 registry (I-core). Both patients were symptom-free after 3 months' follow-up. Conclusion: During influenza season, differentiating other causes of respiratory illness from COVID-19 is difficult, because common clinical manifestations of COVID-19 mimic those of influenza. It seems that evaluating for co-infection with different types of influenza viruses in patients with specific settings should be considered.

Despite the dynamic progress of modern medicine, oncological and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain a severe economic burden worldwide. Therefore, the study of chemotherapeutic cardiotoxicity appears to be comprehensively demanded. Nowadays, pharmacological therapy in oncology has undoubtedly unprecedented development, but at the same time, the rates of cardiovascular complications of chemotherapy still remain unchanged. The well-established and highly effective, but at the same time, cardiotoxic anthracyclines have not lost their relevance. Furthermore, they remain indispensable components of an immense amount of chemotherapy regimens, such as AC, FAC, etc. Moreover, the anthracycline-containing chemotherapy regimens have become a standard of care in several cancer types. In the context of the above mentioned, the study of the pathophysiological mechanisms, biochemical aspects, and dynamics of the morphological remodeling of doxorubicin-induced cardiovascular homeostasis disturbances will enable finding new targets of pharmacological therapy, which either in the short or long perspectives, will have a beneficial effect, improving both the quality of life and prognosis of oncological patients. This article covers a versatile overview of the molecular mechanisms of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. The pathogenesis of cardiotoxicity assessment could help to explore specific molecular mechanisms that initiate cardiovascular alteration that may favorably affect the future development of targeted drugs that could prevent cardiovascular events in cancer patients.

Background. Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a common autosomal dominant disease. Its diagnosis in Iran was uncommon. Iran registry of FH (IRFH) has been started from 2017 from Isfahan. In this study, we report the four-year FH registry. Methods. The Iran FH registry is an ongoing study which is followed by a dynamic cohort. It has been started from 2017. The patients are selected from laboratories due to high cholesterol level and who have history of premature cardiovascular disease. The Dutch Lipid Clinic Network (DLCN) criteria are used for the detection of FH. Cascade screening is performed for detection of first-degree relative of patients. Results. Among the 997 individuals included in this registry, they were 522 (mean age 51.41 ± 12.91 year), 141 (mean age 51.66 ± 8.3 year), and 129 (mean age 41 ± 16.5 year) patients from laboratories, premature cardiovascular disease, and relatives, respectively. In total, 263 patients were diagnosed with probable or definite FH, and others were in the possible group. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) level was 141.42 ± 45.27 mg / dl in the laboratory group and 54.9% of patients were on LLT treatment. In patients with premature cardiovascular disease and FH, the LDL level was 91.93 ± 32.58 and was on LLT treatment. The LDL concentration in the first relative of FH patients was 152.88 ± 70.77 and 45.7% of them are on LLT therapy. Conclusions. Most of FH patients were underdiagnosed and undertreated before their inclusion in the IRFH. Cascade screening helps in the improvement of diagnosis.

IntroductionDiagnosis of COVID-19 is based on clinical manifestation, history of exposure, positive findings on chest CT and laboratory tests. It has been shown that inflammation plays a role in pathogenesis of COVID-19.MethodWe used the necessary transformations to convert the median and IQR to mean and SD Random-effect model using Der Simonian, and Laird methods was used if heterogeneity between studies was significant, the homogeneity among studies was assessed with I2 Statistic, values above 50%, and for the chi-square test, P-values ResultsTwelve studies were included in the analysis that all of which were conducted in China in the year 2020. The result of combining 12 articles with 772 participants showed that the pooled estimate of the mean of lymphocyte with 95% CI was (Mean: 1.01; 95% CI (0.76-1.26); p-valueConclusionInflammatory Markers increase in patients with Covid-19, which can be a good indicator to find patients.

Fat deposition in the left ventricle in patients without proven myocardial diseases has not been sufficiently investigated. In this paper, a case of diffuse and patchy intramyocardial fat deposition in the left ventricular myocardium in a patient with no cardiac disease history has been detected by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI). Such a finding would not be considered a usual cardiomyopathy and further studies are needed to investigate its prevalence, pathophysiological mechanisms, and prognosis.

BackgroundImagery techniques have been used as essential parts of diagnostic workup for patients suspected for 2019-nCoV infection, Multiple studies have reported the features of chest computed tomography (CT) scans among a number of 2019-nCoV patients.MethodStudy Identification was carried out in databases (PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library) to identify published studies examining the diagnosis, the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Heterogeneity among reported prevalence was assessed by computing p-values of Cochrane Q-test and I2 -statics. The pooled prevalence of treatment failure was carried out with a fixed effects meta-analysis model, generating the pooled 95% confidence interval. A random-effect model was used to pool the results since this model could incorporate the heterogeneity of the studies and therefore proved a more generalized result.ResultsAccording to the combined results of meta-analysis, the total 55% of corona patients were males. The mean age of the patients was 41.31 (34.14, 48.47). Two prevalent clinical symptoms between patients were fever, cough with prevalence of 85%, and 62%, respectively. Either Ground Glass Opacity GGO or consolidation was seen in 86% but 14% had NO GGO or consolidation.The other rare CT symptoms were pericardial effusion, and pleural effusion with 4, 5, 7% prevalence, respectively. The most prevalent event was Either GGO or consolidation in 85% of patients.ConclusionThe most CT-scan abnormality is Either Ground Glass Opacity GGO or consolidation however in few patients none of them might be observed, so trusting in just CT findings will lead to miss some patients.

Background and aims:Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder of lipid metabolism which leads to premature cardiovascular diseases. In patients with FH, blood inflammatory markers may be disrupted; however, its extent is unclear. In this study we aimed to evaluate, the NLR: Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, PLR: Platelet count to lymphocyte count ratio, MPV: Mean platelet volume, RPR: Red blood cell distribution width to platelet count ratio, WBC: White blood cell, PDW: Platelet distribution width and platelets count. Methods:The study group consisted of 331 patients with FH and 260 control patients. Controls had a history of hyperlipidemia and both groups could be on pharmacotherapy or not. Results:None of the CBC inflammatory markers were not significantly difference in patients with FH than non-FH. Platelet count was significantly higher among patients with FH when compared to control patients (240.43±54.15 vs 228.52±47.37 p= 0.049*). When we used linear regression analysis, only RLR was independently associated with total cholesterol (b=0.000, p=0.13). Here we showed that CBC markers are nor different between FH and non-FH patients, however PLR is associated with cholesterol level not FH. Conclusions:Our results may show the important of high cholesterol on platelets activity and highlight the use of lipid lowering drugs in patients with hyperlipidemia.

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to over 100 million infections and over 3 million deaths worldwide. Understanding its pathogenesis is crucial to guide prognostic and therapeutic implications. Viral infections are known to alter the lipid profile and metabolism of their host cells, similar to the case with MERS and SARS-CoV-2002. Since lipids play various metabolic roles, studying lipid profile alterations in COVID-19 is an inevitable step as an attempt to achieve better therapeutic strategies, as well as a potential prognostic factor in the course of this disease. Several studies have reported changes in lipid profile associated with COVID-19. The most frequently reported changes are a decline in serum cholesterol and ApoA1 levels and elevated triglycerides. The hyper-inflammatory state mediated by the Cytokine storm disturbs several fundamental lipid biosynthesis pathways. Virus replication is a process that drastically changes the host cell's lipid metabolism program and overuses cell lipid resources. Lower HDL-C and ApoA1 levels are associated with higher severity and mortality rates and with higher levels of inflammatory markers. Studies suggest that arachidonic acid omega-3 derivatives might help modulate hyper-inflammation and cytokine storm resulting from pulmonary involvement. Also, statins have been shown to be beneficial when administered after COVID-19 diagnosis via unclear mechanisms probably associated with anti-inflammatory effects and HDL-C rising effects.