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The sodium-dependent phosphate transporter NaPi2b is an integral membrane protein of the SLC34 phosphate transporter family and is an attractive target for precision therapy of several human diseases. Together with other members of this family, the NaPi2b transporter is involved in maintaining phosphate homeostasis in the mammalian body. The NaPi2b transporter gene (SLC34A2) has a broad expression pattern in healthy tissues, including small intestinal epithelial cells, where NaPi2b plays a major role in the absorption of dietary phosphate. NaPi2b transports one divalentorthophosphoric acid residue into cells along with three sodium ions. NaPi2b transport is regulated by dietary phosphate, pH, hormones, and vitamins including vitamin D, estrogen, glucocorticoids, and epidermal growth factor. The NaPi2b transporter exists in two isoforms – 689 and 690 amino acid residues. The molecular weight of NaPi2b depends on the degree of glycosylation and varies from 70 to 100 kDa. According to various sources, the transporter has from 6 to 12 transmembrane domains, 2 co-transport domains, a large extracellular localization domain, as well as N- and C-terminal domains that face the inside of the cell. Impaired NaPi2b function leads to the development of several diseases, including pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis and hyperphosphatemia, and pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis is known to be associated with mutations in the SLC34A2 gene encoding NaPi2b. High levels of NaPi2b have been found in several malignant tumors, including ovary, lung, breast, thyroid, colon, bladder, liver, stomach, kidney, and in gliomas. The tumor-specific conformation of the large extracellular domain of the NaPi2b transporter, mutations, and features of expression of the transporter gene in normal and pathological conditions show that NaPi2b is a promising target for the development of highly selective targeted drugs against it for the treatment of cancer and metabolic disorders.

Treatment with biological products resulted in an increase in the area of the assimilation apparatus by 1.7 to 2.4 thousand m²/ha.The application of Bio-gel led to an increase in leaf surface by 1.7 thousand m2/ha or 5.3%, and the treatment with Helafit combi by 2.4 thousand m2/ha or 7.5%. The treatment with biological products contributed to an increase in photosynthetic potential by 5.1% compared to the treatment with Bio- gel and by 7.2% compared to the treatment with Helafit combi. It was found that the treatment of parental lines with Bio-gel and Helafit combi caused an increase in laboratory germination of seeds. When using Bio-gel, the laboratory germination rate increased by an average of 1.5%. The treatment with Helafit combi was more effective, as the germination rate in this experimental variant increased by 2.4%. The increase in laboratory germination was observed due to a decrease in the infection of seeds of the lines by Fusarium moniliforme Scheld. The maximum seed yield in the early maturing line - the parent component of DK 281 was recorded at a density of 90 thousand plants/ha and treatment with Helafit combi - 3.65 t/ha. The maximum yield in the line - the parent component of DK 247 was observed at a density of 80 thousand plants/ha and treatment with Helafit combi - 4.89 t/ha. The medium-late line - the parent component DK 411 showed the highest yield at a density of 70 thousand plants/ha and treatment with Helafit combi - 4.65 t/ha. The maximum yield in the experiment was observed in the line

Wastes from the coal industry, the oil and fat industry, and the processing of agricultural products can be turned into high-quality fuel raw materials. In this regard, research and development is underway in many countries, the results of which are new types of fuel. the results obtained, based on a scientifically based approach to the selection of effective compositions of organomineral components, made it possible to develop effective compositions of coal briquettes; Based on the research results, optimal compositions of effective coal briquettes based on organomineral ingredients from local raw materials and industrial wastes have been developed.

The main goal of this study was to characterize cancer/testis antigens (CTAs) as potential molecular markers of ovarian cancer. First, we gathered and analyzed a significantly large dataset of 21 selected CTAs that are encoded by 32 genes; the dataset consisted of the mutation data, expression data, and survival data of patients with ovarian cancer (n = 15,665). The 19 functionally significant missense mutations were identified in 9 CTA genes: ACRBP, CCT4, KDM5B, MAGEA1, MAGEA4, PIWIL1, PIWIL2, PRAME, and SPA17. The analysis of the mRNA expression levels of 21 CTAs in healthy and tumor ovarian tissue showed an up-regulation in the expression level of AKAP3, MAGEA4, PIWIL1, and PRAME in tumor samples and a down-regulation in the expression level of CTAG1A, CTAG1B, MAGEC1, and PIWIL2. The CCT4 up-regulation and PRAME mutations were correlated with a good prognosis for ovarian cancer, while higher levels of GAGE2A and CT45A1 mRNAs were correlated with a poor prognosis for ovarian cancer patients. Thus, GAGE2, CT45, CCT4, and PRAME cancer/testis antigens can be considered as potential prognostic markers for ovarian tumors, and GAGE2, CCT4, and PRAME were revealed to be correlated with the prognosis for ovarian cancer patients for the first time.

NaPi2b is a sodium-dependent phosphate transporter that belongs to the SLC34 family of transporters which is mainly responsible for phosphate homeostasis in humans. Although NaPi2b is widely expressed in normal tissues, its overexpression has been demonstrated in ovarian, lung, and other cancers. A valuable set of antibodies, including L2 (20/3) and MX35, and its humanized versions react strongly with an antigen on the surface of ovarian and other carcinoma cells. Although the topology of NaPi2b was predicted in silico, no direct experimental data are available for the orientation of NaPi2b extracellular domains in cancer cells. The presented results of antibody mapping of untagged NaPi2b in live ovarian carcinoma cells OVCAR-4 provide a platform for current and future epitope-based cancer therapies and serological diagnostics.

The sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporter NaPi2b encoded by the SLC34A2 gene is a transmembrane protein that belongs to the family of phosphate transporters SLC34 and is involved in maintaining phosphate homeostasis in the human body. The phosphate transporter NaPi2b is expressed in several normal tissues and body organs, as well as in malignant neoplasms of the ovary, lung, colorectal, and other types of cancer. The membrane protein NaPi2b is a target for therapeutic humanized antibodies Rebmab200, XMT-1535, and XMT-1536 in cancer cells. These antibodies were created based on MX35 antibodies and are directed against the large extracellular domain of the transporter NaPi2b. Since the location of the N-terminal domain of NaPi2b in the cell has not been experimentally confirmed, this work aimed to analyze the recognition of the phosphate transporter NaPi2b in ovarian cancer cells OVCAR-4 and OVCAR-8 by antibodies against the N-terminal domain of the transporter using Western blot analysis and confocal microscopy.

The high mortality rate from ovarian cancer is due to the asymptomatic nature of the course of the disease, which leads to the diagnosis of ovarian cancer in later stages. The sodium-dependent phosphate transporter NaPi2b encoded by SLC34A2 gene is expressed in 80–90% of epithelial ovarian cancers and used as a target for therapeutic antibodies XMT-1536, and XMT-1592, which are derived from MX35 antibodies and used in clinical trials for the treatment of ovarian and lung cancers. In this work, we aimed to evaluate NaPi2b as a molecular marker for diagnostics and predicting the course and outcome of ovarian cancer disease.Quantitative analysis of SLC34A2 gene expression in ovarian tumor tissue was performed at the level of transcription and translation using real-time PCR, droplet digital PCR and Western blot analysis respectively. Statistical analysis was performed taking into account various clinicopathological characteristics of the ovarian cancer patients, including the stage of the disease, the tumor grade, the applying of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and the presence of ascites. In this work, we demonstrated that the expression of the human NaPi2b (hNaPi2b) transporter is downregulated in the tumors of patients receiving neoadjuvant therapy and during the development of disease. The data suggest that the level of expression of the SLC34A2 gene can serve as a potential marker for the monitoring and predicting responses to neoadjuvant and targeted therapy in patients with ovarian cancer.

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most painful and aggressive types of cancer with high lethality rate. Early diagnosis of the disease is limited and antitumor therapy has low efficacy, because pancreatic cancer shows multiple drug resistance. It is still unclear how pancreatic tumor cells become resistant to chemotherapy and understanding of the resistance mechanisms and identification of their regulating genes is necessary to develop a new and more efficient pancreatic cancer therapy. One of the methods to identify such genes is CRISPR/Cas9 technology (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) where Cas9 endonuclease is used to make double-strand DNA breaks in target genes. The aim of this work is modification of the pancreatic cancer cell line MIA PaCa-2 to express a doxycycline-inducible Cas9 endonuclease gene. Several plasmid vectors have been used to create a lentivirus containing the Cas9 endonuclease gene. The virus has been used for transduction of tumor cells to get doxycycline-inducible Cas9 expressing clones. Cas9 endonuclease expression has been detected by the western blot analysis with antibodies to FLAG epitope. Two tumor clones of the MIA Pa-Ca2/Cas9 cell line expressing Cas9 endonuclease have been generated. These cells can be used further to search genes related to regulation of the susceptibility to antitumor drugs.

The chemoresistance of tumor cells is one of the most urgent challenges in modern oncology and in pancreatic cancer, in which this problem is the most prominent. Therefore, the identification of new chemosensitizing co-targets may be a path toward increasing chemotherapy efficacy. In this work, we performed high-performance in vitro knockout CRISPR/Cas9 screening to find potential regulators of the sensitivity of pancreatic cancer. For this purpose, MIA PaCa-2 cells transduced with two sgRNA libraries (“cell cycle/nuclear proteins genes” and “genome-wide”) were screened by oxaliplatin and cisplatin. In total, 173 candidate genes were identified as potential regulators of pancreatic cancer cell sensitivity to oxaliplatin and/or cisplatin; among these, 25 genes have previously been reported, while 148 genes were identified for the first time as potential platinum drug sensitivity regulators. We found seven candidate genes involved in pancreatic cancer cell sensitivity to both cisplatin and oxaliplatin. Gene ontology enrichment analysis reveals the enrichment of single-stranded DNA binding, damaged DNA binding pathways, and four associated with NADH dehydrogenase activity. Further investigation and validation of the obtained results by in vitro, in vivo, and bioinformatics approaches, as well as literature analysis, will help to identify novel pancreatic cancer platinum sensitivity regulators.

The main goal of this study is to consider SLC34A2 as a potential prognostic marker of oncological diseases using the mutational, expression, and survival data of cancer studies which are publicly available online. We collected data from four databases (cBioPortal, The Cancer Genome Atlas; cBioPortal, Genie; International Cancer Genome Consortium; ArrayExpress). In total, 111,283 samples were categorized according to 27 tumor locations. Ninety-nine functionally significant missense mutations and twelve functionally significant indel mutations in SLC34A2 were found. The most frequent mutations were SLC34A2-ROS1, p.T154A, p.P506S/R/L, p.G257A/E/R, p.S318W, p.A396T, p.P410L/S/H, p.S461C, p.A473T/V, and p.Y503H/C/F. The upregulation of SLC34A2 was found in samples of myeloid, bowel, ovarian, and uterine tumors; downregulation was found in tumor samples of breast, liver, lung, and skin cancer tumors. It was found that the life expectancy of breast and thymus cancer patients with an SLC34A2 mutation is lower, and it was revealed that SLC34A2 overexpression reduced the life span of patients with brain, ovarian, and pancreatic tumors. Thereby, for these types of oncological diseases, the mutational profile of SLC34A2 can be a potential prognostic marker for breast and thymus cancers, and the upregulation of SLC34A2 can be a potential prognostic marker for brain, ovarian, and pancreatic cancers.

The research contains the analysis of the existing conceptions of the sense of humor, its psychological determinants and manifestations; this enables to justify the necessity of its study as a system personality trait from a position of structural-functional approach. The results of a comparative study of the sense of humor of the preadult and mature age representatives are analysed. The common links of the sense of humor components possessed by the preadult and mature age representatives with the choice of humor direction thematic constructs are examined and described. The specific links of the sense of humor components possessed by the pre - adult age representatives (such as socio-centricity, meaningfulness, awareness, subjectivity, vigor, inertia, sthenicity) with the choice of humor direction thematic constructs (such as gender interrelation, harmful habits, money, fashion, career, social woes, human stupidity) are described. The typical links of the sense of humor components possessed by the mature age representatives (such as egocentricity, subjectivity, vigor, externality) with the choice of humor direction thematic constructs (such as gender interrelation, fashion, family friction, social woes, lack of talent in art) are disclosed. In the end the article presents the findings, describing the psychological features of certain theme humor perception by the people of different ages.

The article considers the issue of variability among derivative preposition forms. It is stated that in the context of the suggested in the native linguistics criteria of qualification of a certain lexemes as a non-derivative or derivative preposition (such as derivative, syntactical and morphological features) the linguistic conditions of differentiation of variants of derivative prepositions haven't been fully investigated. The purpose of this article is to analyze and define the basic criteria of selection among the variants of derivative prepositions in the text of A.S. Pushkin. Reference to the language of this writer as the material of linguistic studies, on one hand, may be explained by recognition of the epoch of A.S. Pushkin to be the starting period in the establishment of the modern Russian literary language; on the other hand, the research opens an opportunity to trace vital changes in the language system within two centuries. The multiaspectual analysis helped to discover that the selection of a certain variant of prepositions pozadi / pozad', vperedi / vpredi, poseredi / posredi, vokrug / vkrug, vsled / vosled depends on the morphological, syntactical, semantic, stylistic, rhythmical criteria, namely the part of speech of the governed word, the syntactical structure and semantic construction into which a certain preposition is included, stylistic markedness of the context, and the poetic metre requirements.

One of the most perspective mechanisms for solving the problem of budget investments deficiency into Russian regions infrastructure is a state-private partnership (further SPP). This work states the main problems preventing the realization of the investment projects based on SPP principles of regional authorities and private business. The author proves that the efficiency of the system of business and state connection will become apparent when the state approach changes and it takes business owners' wishes into account. The ways of «dialogue statement» and setting of just «rules of play» between the projects participants are proposed.