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Background Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) reduce the bioavailability of several anticancer drugs. The impact of PPIs co-administered with cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitors is controversial. We aimed to clarify whether the concomitant use of PPIs impacts palbociclib and abemaciclib effectiveness in breast cancer treatment. Patients and Methods This multicenter, retrospective, observational study, conducted across 4 medical institutions in Japan, consecutively included patients with endocrine-resistant metastatic breast cancer, receiving palbociclib or abemaciclib between December 2017 and August 2022. Propensity score-matched analyses were performed. Treatment efficacy and safety with and without PPIs were compared. Progression-free survival and overall survival were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using a log-rank test. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the hazard ratio. Results The study included 240 patients. After 1:1 matching, 112 patients were treated with and without PPIs. The median progression-free survival period was 1.2 years in the PPI group and 1.3 years in the non-PPI group (hazard ratio, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.70-2.02). The median overall survival period was 3.6 years in the PPI group, whereas it was not reached in the non-PPI group (hazard ratio, 1.23; 95% CI, 0.61-2.47). Consistent results were obtained for subgroups receiving palbociclib (n  = 177) and abemaciclib (n  = 63) without propensity score matching. Adverse event incidence and severity were similar in both groups. Conclusion The effectiveness of cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors is unlikely to be affected by concomitant PPI use. Future prospective pharmacokinetic studies are warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: TAS‐102 is effective for treating patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). This study determined whether combining bevacizumab (Bmab) with TAS‐102 improves clinical outcomes in refractory mCRC. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from Japanese patients with refractory mCRC who received TAS‐102 (35 mg/m2, twice a day) with (T‐B group) or without Bmab (TAS‐102 monotherapy; T group) between July 2014 and December 2018. The primary endpoint was median overall survival (OS), and secondary endpoints were median time to treatment failure, overall response rate, and the incidence of adverse events. Clinical outcomes were compared using propensity score matched analysis. Results: Data from 57 patients were analyzed (T‐B group: 21 patients, T group: 36 patients). Median OS was significantly longer in the T‐B group than the T group (14.4 months vs. 4.5 months, p <.001). Cox proportional hazard analysis showed that combination therapy with Bmab was significantly correlated with OS. Propensity score matched analysis confirmed that the median OS was significantly longer in the T‐B group than the T group (14.4 months vs. 6.1 months, p =.006) and that there was a significant correlation between Bmab and OS. The incidence of hypertension (grade ≥2) as an adverse event was significantly higher in the T‐B group than the T group (23.8% vs. 0.0%, p =.005), whereas other adverse events were comparable between the two groups. Conclusion: Treatment with Bmab in combination with TAS‐102 is significantly associated with improved clinical outcomes in patients with mCRC refractory to standard therapies. Implications for Practice: Combining bevacizumab (Bmab) with TAS‐102 significantly improved overall survival and several prognostic indicators in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) refractory to standard therapies, with manageable toxicities. Treatment with Bmab in combination with TAS‐102 is significantly associated with improved clinical outcomes in patients with mCRC. To determine whether combined treatment with bevacizumab improves clinical outcomes, this retrospective study compared the efficacy and safety of treatment with or without bevacizumab in patients receiving TAS‐102 for metastatic colorectal cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Carboplatin (CBDCA) is known to exhibit a high emetic risk among moderate-emetic risk anticancer drugs, and the dose of CBDCA varies in different therapies. In concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the weekly administration of CBDCA (area under the curve (AUC) 2 mg/ml/min) and paclitaxel (PTX: 40 mg/m 2 ) is frequently applied as standard therapy. However, the optimal antiemetic measures in the use of such low-dose CBDCA remain unclear. In this study, we retrospectively assessed the antiemetic effect of a single-dose of a first-generation 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 receptor antagonist (5-HT 3 RA) and dexamethasone in the weekly CBDCA+PTX therapy in CCRT., Patients and Methods: The subjects were patients with NSCLC who were administered weekly CBDCA+PTX therapy in CCRT between January 2011 and December 2016 at our Department. As an antiemetic measure, a first-generation 5-HT 3 RA, azasetron (10 mg, orally) or granisetron (3 mg, intravenously), and dexamethasone (9.9 mg, intravenously) were administered on day 1. The patients were evaluated for the following efficacy end-points for the first cycle: Complete response (CR; defined as no vomiting or retching episodes with no rescue medication) in the acute phase (0-24 hours), delayed phase (>24-120 hours), and overall phase (0-120 hours). Other efficacy endpoints evaluated were no vomiting or retching, and no nausea in all phases., Results: The subjects we assessed in this study were 46 patients who were administered weekly CBDCA+PTX therapy in CCRT. For the overall, acute, and delayed phases, the complete response rates were 89.1%, 100%, and 89.1%, respectively. The rate of no nausea in the overall, acute, and delayed phases was 78.3%, 100%, and 78.3%, respectively. The rate of no vomiting in the overall, acute, and delayed phases was 95.7%, 100%, and 95.7%, respectively., Conclusion: A single dose of a first-generation 5-HT 3 RA and dexamethasone had a favorable suppressive effect on nausea and vomiting in weekly CBDCA+PTX therapy for NSCLC., (Copyright© 2017, International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. George J. Delinasios), All rights reserved.)