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Soccer academies are responsible for the comprehensive development of young athletes, including formal education, living, and preparation for tournaments. Research on soccer youth development from the perspectives of coaches and parents of sports academy students has been limited. This study aimed to discover their perspectives on the key internal and external factors that influence the development of young soccer talents. Questionnaire data were collected from 79 coaches and 326 parents of U15 to U19 soccer players across eight soccer academies across four Central and Eastern European countries. The questionnaires presented 33 Likert-scale type questions organized around four dimensions to include internal factors, professional/sports factors, family/school factors, and other external factors.

Background: The nationwide HUN-CANCER EPI study examined cancer incidence and mortality rates in Hungary from 2011 to 2019. Methods: Using data from the National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF) and Hungarian Central Statistical Office (HCSO), our retrospective study analyzed newly diagnosed malignancies between Jan 1, 2011, and Dec 31, 2019. Agestandardized incidence and mortality rates were calculated for all and for different tumor types using both the 1976 and 2013 European Standard Populations (ESP). Findings: The number of newly diagnosed cancer cases decreased from 60,554 to 56,675 between 2011-2019. Age-standardized incidence rates were much lower in 2018, than previously estimated (475.5 vs. 580.5/100,000 person-years [PYs] in males and 383.6 vs. 438.5/100,000 PYs in females; ESP 1976). All-site cancer incidence showed a mean annual decrease of 1.9% (95% CI: 2.4%-1.4%) in men and 1.0% (95% CI:1.42%-0.66%) in women, parallel to mortality trends (-1.6% in males and -0.6% in females; ESP 2013). In 2018, the highest age-standardized incidence rates were found for lung (88.3), colorectal (82.2), and prostate cancer (62.3) in men, and breast (104.6), lung (47.7), and colorectal cancer (45.8) in women. The most significant decreases in incidence rates were observed for stomach (4.7%), laryngeal (4.4%), and gallbladder cancers (3.5%), with parallel decreases in mortality rates (3.9%, 2.7% and 3.2%, respectively). Interpretation: We found a lower incidence of newly diagnosed cancer cases for Hungary compared to previous estimates, and decreasing trends in cancer incidence and mortality, in line with global findings and the declining prevalence of smoking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: This study aimed to determine the risk and rate of development of overall and site-specific cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus compared with non-diabetic individuals. In this retrospective cohort study, excess incidence of cancer was found in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. While the incidence of cancer decreased in non-diabetic controls between 2015 and 2019 in most age groups and for several cancer sites, this decrease was less significant among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, the results of this study demonstrate that the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus leads to a higher incidence of cancer. (1) Background: Among the chronic complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus, cancer has become the leading cause of death in several countries. Our objective was to determine whether prevalent type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with a higher incidence of cancer. (2) Methods: This study comprised a nationwide analysis conducted in Hungary. The study population was divided into two groups: a type 2 diabetes mellitus group vs. a non-diabetic group. The primary outcome was the risk related to overall cancer incidence; a key secondary outcome was the overall incidence of cancer in distinct study years; and a further outcome was the annual percent changes. (3) Results: The odds ratio related to the overall incidence of cancer was 2.50 (95% confidence interval: 2.46–2.55, p < 0.0001) in patients with diabetes as related to non-diabetic controls. The odds ratio was higher in males than in females [ORmales: 2.76 (2.70–2.82) vs. ORfemales: 2.27 (2.22–2.33), p < 0.05 for male-to-female comparison]. The annual cancer incidence rate declined in non-diabetic controls, but not in patients with diabetes [−1.79% (−2.07–−1.52%), p < 0.0001] vs. −0.50% (−1.12–+0.10%), p = 0.0991]. Several types of cancer showed a decreasing tendency in non-diabetic controls, but not in patients with type 2 diabetes. (4) Conclusions: Type 2 diabetes is associated with a higher risk of cancer. While the cancer incidence decreased for non-diabetic individuals with time, it remained unchanged in patients with T2DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates how postlexical phonological processes are acquired in multilingual speech, namely, how learners cope with conflicting demands in the production and perception of the voicing patterns in their non-native languages, what impact lexical knowledge has on learner behavior, and to what extent existing speech learningmodels can account for it. To investigate this, 14 Hungarian native speakers, proficient sequential learners of Spanish and English, took part in two types of experiment. The production experiments examined regressive voicing assimilation between obstruents and when the trigger was a sonorant consonant (presonorant voicing) word-internally and across word-boundary. At word level, we compared various lexical groups: non-cognates, double cognates and triple cognates (inhibitory, facilitative, and cognates with conflicting information). The perception experiments aimed to find out whether learners notice the voicing assimilations mentioned. The results showed that participants failed to learn presonorant voicing and failed to block regressive voicing assimilation despite perceiving the latter as linguistically relevant. Data also revealed that there is no direct link between perception and production, and that cognate status had a limited effect, but in triple cognates the primacy of the native language was dominant. Thus, it is concluded that in laryngeal postlexical processes the native language plays the primary role, neither the other non-native language, nor linguistic proximity seems to be decisive. Our data can be best accounted for by the Scalpel Model extended to phonological acquisition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]