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Ensuring the stability of composite structures in the marine environment is crucial. The harsh and corrosive nature of marine conditions presents unique challenges, making maintenance a top priority. In this study, the impact of seawater aging on the mechanical, buckling, structural, and thermal properties of glass fiber‐reinforced polymer nanocomposites was investigated. Composites were produced using the VARTM method with 2% nano Al2O3 and 2% nano TiO2. Aging was conducted in a seawater environment at room temperature for 120, 240, and 360 days. Mechanical properties, including tensile, compressive, flexural, impact, and buckling tests, were performed, and water absorption was determined. Structural analysis was carried out using SEM images. The experimental results indicated that the presence of nanoparticles minimized the effect of seawater. TiO2 preserved tensile strength by 10.33%, impact energy by 6.8%, and critical buckling load by 3.06% compared to the pure composite. Al2O3 reduced water absorption to 0.594% and preserved tensile strength by 6.67%, impact energy by 4.02%, and critical buckling load by 2%. Thermal test revealed an increase in thermal conductivity with aging, with the TiO2‐doped composite exhibiting the smallest increase (14.66%). The significance of the obtained results was confirmed through ANOVA analysis. Highlights: Glass fiber‐reinforced nanocomposite was produced with nano Al2O3 and TiO2.The effect of seawater aging was investigated.It showed that TiO2 nanoparticles are a good candidate against seawater aging.The experimental results showed statistical significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reducing fabrication costs and increasing system performance are the primary objectives of contemporary SOFC developments and research. One of the efficient ways to address the design and durability difficulties is to lower the operating temperatures to the intermediate range (IT, 500–800 °C). La0.595V0.005Sr0.4CoO3−∂ (LV05SC) perovskite cathode is investigated as a novel cathode for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFC). Anode-supported YSZ ((Y2O3)0.08(ZrO2)0.92) and GDC (Gd0.1Ce0.9O1.95) electrolytes were prepared by a multilayer tape casting and co-firing method. The green bi-layer tapes were co-fired at various temperatures with optimized electrolyte and anode slurries. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were used to analyze the microstructures and the phase characterizations of the cathode material and single cell. At 1250 °C of the co-firing temperature, as-prepared anode-supported cells showed no defects and excellent microstructural properties such as no gas permeability, porosity, and sintered structure. The electrolytes with a thickness of almost 20 µm were fairly dense. The power densities were evaluated and both anode-supported electrolytes showed good electrochemical performance at intermediate temperatures. The peak power density of the cell reached 89 mW/cm2, and the total resistance was only 3.05 Ω.cm2 under open circuit conditions at 800 °C. The diffusion processes of oxide ions (O2−) were found to be the limiting step for ORR by the EIS analysis. These findings suggest that the compound is a promising cathode material for IT-SOFCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The objective of this study was to investigate factors influencing Gallium 68 Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen Positron Emission Tomography (Ga68 PSMA PET-CT) uptake for primary staging in prostate cancer. Methods: Retrospective analysis was conducted on 499 non-metastatic and 243 de novo metastatic prostate cancer cases undergoing Ga68 PSMA PET-CT. Demographic, clinical, and imaging data were collected and analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression determined independent risk factors for metastasis detection on Ga68 PSMA PET-CT. Results: Metastatic cases showed higher levels of total PSA, PSA density (dPSA) and biopsy ISUP grade group compared to non-metastatic cases. Multivariate analysis identified cT2 stage and dPSA as independent predictors of metastasis detection on Ga68 PSMA PET-CT. Conclusions: Ga68 PSMA PET-CT plays a crucial role in prostate cancer staging, with identified factors such as clinical T stage and dPSA significantly impacting its diagnostic accuracy. These findings underscore the importance of Ga68 PSMA PET-CT in refining clinical staging and guiding treatment decisions for prostate cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By improving core strength and stability, children with JIA can experience increased endurance, reduced pain, and improved posture. No study was found that investigated the effectiveness of 3-Dimension (3D) exercises in JIA. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of structured 3D exercises with that of a conventional exercise program specially planned for children with JIA who have scoliosis. This was a prospective, randomized-controlled study. Structured 3D scoliosis exercises for Group 1 (n: 25) and conventional exercises for the Group 2 (n: 25) were applied for 24 weeks. The angle of trunk rotation (ATR) by scoliometer, scoliosis angle by Cobb angle, pain by a numerical rating scale (NRS), respiratory functions by spirometry, and perception of cosmetic deformity by The Walter Reed visual assessment scale (WRVAS) were evaluated. ATR, Cobb angle, and pain in Group I showed significant improvement compared to Group II. While the sub-parameters of WRVAS and increased significantly in both groups, the improvement in Group I was found to be greater between the groups. While FVC (%) and FEV1 (%) results within the group were significant in both groups. 3D exercises and conventional exercises are an effective and feasible method in the treatment of scoliosis in these children. Despite the curative effect of both methods, 3D exercises have been proven in this study to be more effective on Cobb angle, ATR, WRAS, and respiratory parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first-principles calculations have been employed to explore structural, electronic, magnetooptical and thermodynamic properties of Half-Heusler compounds XNiSb (X = Er, Ho, Yb). The FP-LAPW technique is executed using the WIEN2K package to simulate stable electronic, structural, magnetooptical and thermodynamics properties of studied half-Heusler compounds. The electronic properties (DOS and energy band structures) have been elucidated, considering the strong correlation between the d/f-states of Ni/X-atoms. It is evident from the presented GGA and GGA + U results that XNiSb (X = Er, Ho, Yb) show metallic nature; however, mBJ + U results show that these compounds are intermetallic. The ε 2 (ω) spectra reveal that XNiSb (X = Er, Ho, Yb) absorb a significant number of incident photons over a broad spectrum (∼1.0 to ∼6.0 eV). These compounds are weak reflectors of incident photons and reflect ∼40% of incident photons on the entire energy range. ErNiSb/HoNiSb show significant values of magnetic moments due to the splitting of [ 4 f 12 ] /[ 4 f 11 ] localized orbitals and are promising candidates for prospective spintronic applications. The elucidated thermodynamic characteristics reveal that these compounds are thermally stable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This scoping review aimed to identify the scope of the current literature on the prevalence, consequences, and risk factors of domestic violence (DV) against women by their husbands or male partners in North African and Middle Eastern countries. The methodology for this scoping review was based on the framework outlined by Arksey and O'Malley. Studies published on DV against women over the age of 15 by partner or husband and published in peer-reviewed scientific journals between January 1970 and April 2018 were included in the review. The databases MEDLINE, PsychINFO, CINAHL, HealthSTAR, EMBASE, Scopus, African Journals Online, Turkish Journal Database, and gray literature sources were searched. On completion of the review process, 151 full-text articles were identified for charting. This review demonstrated that women's age, women's education level, duration of marriage, history of childhood abuse/witnessing family violence, living in the rural region, and family income level were negatively associated with DV, indicating that younger women, women with lower education, a longer marriage duration, and a lower income level had a higher risk of exposure to DV in this region. Anxiety, depression/insomnia, and physical injury were the most common health problems reported by victims in the region. The highest proportion of women with no response to violence was reported in Jordan, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey. The findings of this scoping review represent the first attempt to summarize the literature from North African and Middle Eastern countries and demonstrate the similarity in DV-related behaviors among women despite the cultural and regional diversity of the studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For energy‐efficient and high‐power illumination systems, phosphor materials have attracted huge research attention over the recent decades. Herein, applying the first‐principles method, we investigate and predict the optoelectronic and structural properties of light‐harvesting phosphors Z2SiF6 (Z = K, Li, Na, Rb) as promising candidates for weight‐light‐emitting diodes w‐LEDs. The calculated direct energy band gaps are of order 1.56, 1.461, 1.479, and 1.585 eV for Z2SiF6 (Z = K, Li, Na, Rb), respectively, thus rendering the compound's semiconducting nature suitable for optoelectronic applications. Calculated structural properties show that Rb2SiF6 is the most stable compound among Z2SiF6 (Z = K, Li, Na, Rb). The optical properties in the energy range of 0–14 eV have been investigated using the well‐known (GGA) formulism available in the literature. Studied compounds are active optical materials as the value of their refractive index nω is between 1.0 and 2.0. Based on investigated optical parameters, we can say that Z2SiF6 (Z = K, Li, Na, Rb) are potential candidates for optoelectronic device applications like white LEDs (w‐LEDs). Thermodynamic parameters of Z2SiF6 (Z = K, Li, Na, Rb) are provided to establish the thermodynamic stability of these compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In overhead shooting athletes may have increased activity of the upper trapezius and inhibition of other shoulder muscles active during upper extremity elevation. In this study, we aimed to increase target retention and shoulder proprioception sense accuracy by taping in a way that would activate the lower trapezius muscle in elite adolescent archers. Our participants were 43 elite young athletes, aged 11–14 years, from the Archers Foundation Sports Club. We gathered athletes' sociodemographic information (age, height, weight, gender, the time they were engaged in archery, and other sports they were involved in), and we assessed their posture via the New York Posture Scale (NYPS) before taping. We evaluated them for the presence of scapular asymmetry using the Lateral Scapular Slide Test (LSST) and assessed their proprioception with the active displacement test and their target-reaching performances with the Archery Shooting Score (ASS). Since testing and scoring with the ASS is different for 11–12 and 13–14 age groups, we divided this sample into two different age groups for all analyses. There were significant changes in ASS and proprioception in both age groups, with medium to large effect sizes. There were between intragroup pre- and post-taping changes in classification according to the presence of scapular asymmetry, and there were significant changes in the archery shooting score and proprioception in both groups, with medium to large effect sizes (p < 0.05). Thus, taping applied to the lower part of the trapezius had a large to medium effect on proprioception and shooting accuracy improvement in these young archers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Neck pain is a common problem in the general population and second only to low back pain in musculoskeletal problems. The aim of this study is to compare three different types of exercise training in patients with chronic neck pain. Methods: This study was conducted on 45 patients with neck pain. Patients were divided into 3 groups: Group 1 (conventional treatment), Group 2 (conventional treatment plus deep cervical flexor training), and Group 3 (conventional treatment plus stabilization of the neck and core region). The exercise programs were applied for four weeks, three days a week. The demographic data, pain intensity (verbal numeric pain scale), posture (Reedco's posture scale), cervical range of motion ([ROM] goniometer), and disability (Neck Disability Index [NDI]) were evaluated. Results: In all groups, a significant improvement was found in terms of pain, posture, ROM, and NDI values in all groups (P < 0.001). Between the groups, analyses showed that the pain and posture improved more in Group 3, while the ROM and NDI improved more in Group 2. Conclusions: In addition to conventional treatment, applying core stabilization exercises or deep cervical flexor muscle training to patients with neck pain may be more effective in reducing pain and disability and increasing ROM than conventional treatment alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Dependency occurs at various rates in the activities of daily living (ADL) of patients after stroke. Many factors can affect the level of dependence in ADL. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between positive mental health and ADLs of individuals after stroke. Materials and Methods: This descriptive and correlational study was conducted in the Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Hospital between May and November 2021. The sample of the study consisted of 84 patients hospitalized for post-stroke rehabilitation. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews with Personal information form, Positive Mental Health Scale, Barthel Activities of Daily Living Index and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale. Results: It was determined that the mean age of the participants was 61.47±9.43 years, 60.7% were male, 88.1% were married, 77.4% were primary school graduates and 48.8% were retired. It was found that 89.3% of the participants were followed up with the diagnosis of hemiplegia, were diagnosed 31.40±40.27 months ago on average. A positive correlation was found between the Barthel ADL and Instrumental ADL scores of the patients and their positive mental health, prosocial attitude, interpersonal relations and autonomy. Conclusion: It was determined that the patients participating in the study were moderately dependent on ADL according to the Barthel ADL and Instrumental ADL indexes. Our study findings show that with the improvement of mental health, an improvement can be achieved in the daily living activities of the patients. Interventions that support autonomy, improve interpersonal relationships, and enable patients to discover areas where they can help others can be recommended in stroke patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intimate partner violence (IPV) around the time of pregnancy is a recognized global health problem. Ethnic minorities and immigrant pregnant women experiencing IPV require culturally responsive health services. The aim of this scoping review was to identify aspects of cultural sensitivity in interventions to prevent or reduce IPV among ethnic minorities and immigrant pregnant women in high-income countries. Eight databases were searched in November 2019. Any type of scientific research, quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods studies regarding interventions against IPV among pregnant women were considered for inclusion. Resnicow et al.'s definition of cultural sensitivity was used to identify aspects of cultural sensitivity. Ten papers relating to nine interventions/studies met our inclusion criteria. These studies, which included randomized controlled trials, a mixed methods study, a program evaluation, and a longitudinal study, were conducted in Australia, Belgium, Norway, and the United States. Aspects of surface cultural sensitivity, including the translation of intervention content into the language of the target group(s) and the involvement of bilingual staff to recruit participants, were identified in eight studies. Deep structure aspects of cultural sensitivity were identified in one study, where the intervention content was pretested among the target group(s). Results that could be related to the culture-sensitive adaptions included successful recruitment of the target population. Three studies were planning to investigate women's experiences of interventions, but no publications were yet available. This scoping review provides evidence that culturally sensitive interventions to reduce or prevent IPV among immigrant pregnant women are limited in number and detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economy is a key element that dictates how people interact with one another - one of many kinds of relationships societies and those in them exercise in order to meet their basic needs. In economic relations, money drives mutual exchange and shopping transactions, and as an instrument of mutual debt. In this study, we will try to examine "murabaha," a kind of economic borrowing system widely used in Trabzon (Turkey) between 1680 and 1700. Using examples, we will explain how wealthy people and institutions alike managed, spent, as well as lent their capital to those in need, in exchange for a certain percentage of profit. We'll also look at key historical figures who drove the murabaha system, alongside how the system ultimately affected regional (armed) conflict. Source-wise, we've drawn from local court records from the period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ottoman society is divided into two classes: settled public and nomads. The settled public, the largest part of them, often lived in cities, towns, and villages. While other class of people, known by different names such as nomads, tribes, nomadic and Turkish nomads in Anatolia, was engaged in animal husbandry economy-wise and led a life between summer pastures and winter quarters lifestyle-wise. The concept of common idenity, homeland and common ownership had developed in these communities. Nomads had an important place in the administrative, legal, and economic mechanism of the state. There were laws arranged for the nomads, who differed from the settled public, on their way to the summer pastures and winter quarters. However, it is seen that they occasionaly did not obey these laws from and damaged the property of the settled people. The damages caused by the tribes called Beydili/Badıllı and Cihanbeyli to Harput and the villages around Harput have been discussed in this study. The routes of nomad tribes to summer pastures and winter quarters had been determined. However, it has been observed that these tribes did not follow their own routes and came to Harput because of their geographical location, and damaged 80 villages. Most of these damages were theft, damage to life and property, especially in agricultural lands. The kind of damages to caused by each tribe have been evaluated in this study. The damages caused by the nomad tribes to Harput and the villages around Harput were discussed with the reference to archival documents and Harput court records. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present tense has been described with various suffixes or words since the historical periods of Turkish, which can be followed. We can assume -I yor, -mAdA, -mAktA morphemes as grammatical time markers in Turkish; -mIş, DI for the past tense; -AcAk for the future tense and -Ar/Ir for the simple present tense. These morphemes and lexical items that indicate time are the basic structures in a sentence of a language. In linguistic time, we can have information about the moment of speech, the moment of the event, and the reference point as a reference. Structures known as time markers in Turkish indicate not only time but also grammatical aspects (view) and modality categories. Dialects vary from standard language when it comes to present tense markers. The inventory of present tense suffixes determined by descriptive method from Southwestern Anatolian Dialects will be presented in this study and then the focal structures detected in the area researched will be discussed with a linguistic approach. What is meant by the focal parameter is that the process of occurrence of an event and the moment of speaking overlap at the moment of its realization. A morpheme may reflect a highly focused of low focused value in this process. The focal parameter is also related to the categories of manner of action and aspect. In our study, the category of manner of action will be excluded and the event in the sentence will be evaluated from the intraterminal “observation of an event in the process of start and end boundaries”, postterminal “observation of the event after the critical limit is exceeded” and terminal “the event is only observed if it reached the critical limit” perspectives, by taking into account the perspectives of aspects in the data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: 1.7 billion of the world's 2.2 billion children do not have access to surgical care. COVID-19 acutely exacerbated this problem; delaying or preventing presentation and access to surgical care globally. We sought to quantify the effect of COVID-19 on children requiring surgery in Uganda. Methods: Average monthly incident, elective pediatric surgical patient volume was calculated by sampling clinic logs before and during the pandemic, and case volume was quantified by reviewing operative logbooks for all surgeries in 2020 at Mulago Hospital, Kampala. Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) resulting from untreated disease were calculated and used to estimate economic impact using three different models. Results: Expected elective pediatric surgery cases were 956. In 2020, pediatric surgery at Mulago was limited to 46 elective cases, approximately 5% of the expected incident cases, leading to a backlog of 910 patients and a loss of 10,620.12 DALYs. The economic impact of more than 10,000 disability years in Uganda is conservatively estimated at $23 million USD with other measures estimating ~ $120 million USD. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic limited access to pediatric surgery in Uganda, making a chronic problem acutely worse, with costly consequences for the children and health system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the educational activities in Tefenni town of Burdur sanjak (district) in the Ottoman Empire were addressed with special reference to Rüştiye Mektebi (Middle School) as an example of the reflection of Ottoman modern education understanding on the country. Revealing the importance of Tefenni Middle School to the history of Ottoman modern education is directly related to understanding the historical background of the modernization process launched in education. This process that started with the reform era called Tanzimat (Reorganization) took its final organizational structure with the opening of Maarif Nezareti (Ottoman Ministry of Education) in 1857, and the issuance of Maarif-i Umumiye Nizamnamesi (General Education Statute) of 1869 that was about how the modern education would function led to highly important regulations about where and how the modern education institutions would be opened and how they would be administered. The Middle Schools became widespread in the country primarily after the aforementioned statute particularly in the period of Ottoman Sultan Abdulhamid II. Tefenni Middle School was also opened in 1907 in the period of Aldulhamid II when middle schools became prevalent in the country. This study presented how Tefenni Middle School was opened, the courses instructed and the students studying at the school, for how long the school was in service, and what challenges were in general confronted in education and instruction. Students' exam records were reviewed and it was discerned that the students were more successful in religious studies than sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ulcer is a vital disease that unfavorably affects human health globally. Helicobaster pylori, which causes ulcers and some stomach disorders, survives by using the urease enzyme. Metal coordination complexes (MCCs) are used in numerous industrial areas and the health field. Cyanide bridged metal complexes are also applied in several applications. In the current study, antibacterial characteristic of (C1), [Ni(bishydeten)2Ag(CN)2][Ag(CN)2].H2O), and (C2), ([Ni(hydeten)2Ag(CN)2][Ag(CN)2], MCCs were analyzed by disk diffusion, broth dilution and urease enzyme inhibition assays were performed. As a result of both antibacterial tests, C1 and C2 were observed to provide favorable effects. The synthesized compounds have effective inhibitory potential with IC50 values between 26.65±1.21 and 12.37±0.87 µM for urease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mixed-valence cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria) have been investigated with pronounced interest due to a wide range of biomedical and industrial applications that arises from its remarkable redox catalytic properties. However, there is no understanding of how to control the formation of these two types of nanoceria to obtain Ce3+/Ce4+ ratios required in various applications. In this work, using a soluble borate glass, nanoceria with specific ratios of Ce3+/Ce4+ are created and extracted via controlled glass-melting parameters. Glass embedded with nanoceria as well as nanoceria extracted from the glass were studied via XANES and fitted with the Multivariate Curve Resolution (MCR) technique to calculate the ratio of Ce3+/Ce4+. Results show that mixed-valence nanoceria with specific ratios are hermetically sealed within the glass for long durations. When the glass dissolves, the mixed-valence nanoceria are released, and the extracted nanoceria have unchanged Ce3+/Ce4+ ratios. Furthermore, TEM investigation on released nanoceria show that the nanoceria consist of several different structures. Although nanocrystal structures of Ce7O12, Ce11O20, and Ce2O3 contribute to the reduced state, a new quasi-stable phase of CeO1.66 has been observed as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: At the time of diagnosis, approximately 16.5% of prostate cancer patients are metastatic. The main framework of metastatic prostate cancer treatment is androgen deprivation therapy, which is performed surgically or medically. The aim of this study is to evaluate the attitudes of medical oncologists and urologists about orchiectomy as androgen deprivation therapy. Material and Methods: A total of 387 physicians working in the Departments of Urology (n = 217) and Medical Oncology (n = 170) were included in this descriptive study. Data were collected through an electronic survey. Results: Only 7.5% of participants indicated that they offered surgical castration to their patients. Urologists preferred surgical castration more than oncologists for the treatment of metastatic castration-sensitive prostate carcinoma (P = .003). The reasons why medical oncologists preferred surgical castration less are that it is an invasive procedure, has risk of morbidity and mortality, high cost of hospitalization, and may cause deterioration of the patient's body image (P < .05). Conclusion: This study showed that physicians were less likely to perform orchiectomy as an androgen deprivation therapy. Although the most important reason for this is the patient preference, the biased presentation of treatment options to patients, the lack of knowledge of physicians about orchiectomy, and the effect of the pharmaceutical industry should also be kept in mind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Healthcare-associated infection (HCAI) is a global health challenge and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) producing gram-negative bacilli, which were isolated from HCAIs, are the most common antimicrobial-resistant pathogens. The present research aimed to determine the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of Nigella sativa seeds. Antimicrobial activity of plant extracts was observed against 20 clinical yeast (which isolated from swab samples of tongue dorsal surfaces in patients with stomatitis), 18 clinical bacteria isolates (which found from HCAIs), and also eight bacteria, and three yeast standard strains by using a broth microdilution assay. The methanol extract had the highest inhibitory activity against S. aureus standard strain at 0.4 mg/mL. The ethyl acetate extract showed the highest antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus standard strain at 0.4 mg/mL. The methanol and ethyl acetate extracts did not show inhibitory activity against Gram-negative bacteria and yeast isolates. The LC-Q-TOF-MS profiles of the extracts were found to contain saponin, alkaloid, and fatty acid. Mass spectra revealed the presence of 14 fatty acids, four saponins, and three alkaloids for methanol extract and 13 fatty acids, three saponins, and two alkaloids for ethyl acetate extract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A popular paradigm to support surgical education for low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is partnering with high-income country (HIC) surgeons. These relationships may, however, be asymmetric and fail to optimally address the most pressing curricular needs. We explored the effectiveness of our LMIC-HIC educational partnership. Methods: Through a partnership between a HIC (Canada) and a LMIC (Uganda), three candidate surgeons were commissioned for a custom designed 1-year training experience at our HIC accredited pediatric surgical training centre as part of their overall formal education. The training curriculum was developed in collaboration with the LMIC pediatric surgeon and utilized competency-based medical education principles. A Likert and short-answer survey tool was administered to these trainees upon completion of their training. Results: All prescribed milestones as well as specialty certification by examination of the College of Surgeons of East, Central and Southern Africa was achieved by participating fellows, each of whom have begun clinical practice, leadership and teaching roles in their home country. Although several obstacles were identified by fellows, all agreed that the experience boosted their clinical and teaching abilities, and was worth the effort. Conclusion: This endeavour in global pediatric surgical training represents a significant innovation in surgical education partnerships and would be reproducible across different surgical subspecialties and contexts. Such collaborative efforts represent a feasible upskilling opportunity towards addressing global surgical service capacity. Level of evidence: V. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the thought that financial liberalization will provide economic growth for countries, countries have participated in the financial liberalization process and reduced or removed financial liabilities on capital. However, the financial liberalization process has not always benefited all countries, and the economies of some countries have become fragile. In the event that countries with increasing economic fragility experience a crisis, it has become easier for other countries to be affected by the crisis due to globalization. For this reason, in order to minimize the negative effects of financial liberalization and globalization on economies, it has been started to be thought that placing financial obligations on financial transactions will produce solutions to existing problems. Many economists have written about the financial obligations to be imposed on financial transactions, and many countries have applied taxes or different obligations in different ways to avoid crises. In this study, the purpose of the liabilities on financial transactions, the suggestions made by economists and the financial liabilities on financial transactions in Turkey and some selected countries are examined. In the conclusion part, some suggestions were made for Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Nitisinone used in alkaptonuria (AKU) can result in keratopathy due to strongly increased tyrosine levels. Methods: This study aimed to investigate nutritional status and changes in plasma tyrosine and phenylalanine and urinary homogentisic acid (u-HGA) levels in 8 adult AKU patients (mean age, 56.3 ± 4.7 years) who were on tyrosine/phenylalanine-restricted diet together with 2 mg/day nitisinone. Results: The treatment period was 23.4 ± 6.9 months. Daily dietary protein intake was restricted to 0.8–1.0 g/kg/day. Daily tyrosine intake was restricted to 260–450 mg/day for females and 330–550 mg/day for males. Tyrosine/phenylalanine-free amino acid supplements accounted for an average of 56.1% of daily protein intake. The following assessments were performed: anthropometric and plasma tyrosine level measurements every 2 months; ophthalmological examination every 6 months, and nutritional laboratory analyses and measurements of plasma amino acids and u-HGA once in a year. It was targeted to keep the plasma tyrosine level <500 μmol/L. The plasma tyrosine level was <100 μmol/L before the treatment in all patients and around a mean of 582.5 ± 194.8 μmol/L during the treatment. The diet was rearranged if a plasma tyrosine level of >700 μmol/L was detected. The u-HGA level before and after the 1st year of treatment was 1,429.3 ± 1,073.4 mmol/mol creatinine and 33.6 ± 9.5 mmol/mol creatinine, respectively. None of the patients developed keratopathy or experienced weight loss and protein or micronutrient deficiency. Conclusion: AKU patients should receive tyrosine/phenylalanine-restricted diet for reducing plasma tyrosine level to the safe range. Tyrosine/phenylalanine-free amino acid supplements can be safely used to enhance dietary compliance. Keratopathy and nutrient deficiency should be frequently monitored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Project management is one of the strategic issues that businesses should consider when creating their future plans, and projects need to be carried out successfully. There are many critical factors that influence the success of projects. In today's conditions, success factors go beyond the classical evaluation criteria such as cost, quality and time. The evaluation of the factors that affect the success of the project can be defined as a multi criteria decision making (MCDM) problem that requires decision makers to evaluate multiple criteria together. In this context, the aim of the study is to determine the critical factors that are effective in the success of the project and to evaluate the significance of these factors by using the Fuzzy DEMATEL (Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory) method. In the study, success factors are determined in accordance with the literature and their evaluation is provided with the help of expert opinions. The relationship between critical success factors are found by using fuzzy DEMATEL method and importance levels are determined and listed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A systematic study has been performed on structural, optical and thermophysical properties of newly designed pyrochlore oxides Q 2 Sb 2 O 7 (Q = Be, Ca, Sr) employing FP-LAPW based first-principles calculations. The GGA approach was used to treat exchange and correlation potentials. The investigated E-V plots reveals that Sr 2 Sb 2 O 7 is the most stable structure compared to Be 2 Sb 2 O 7 /Ca 2 Sb 2 O 7. A direct energy bandgap of 0.29 eV is evident from band structure plot of Be 2 Sb 2 O 7 , however, Ca 2 Sb 2 O 7 /Sr 2 Sb 2 O 7 possess indirect energy bandgaps of magnitude 1.47/1.467 eV. The studied materials show maximum absorption of incoming photons in near UV region as shown in ε 2 (ω) plots, however, considerable absorption in visible region is also present. Ca 2 Sb 2 O 7 /Sr 2 Sb 2 O 7 are effective optical material with a n (ω) value between 1.0 and 2.0. Optical properties of pyrochlore oxides reveal that these materials are potential candidates for shielding materials in upper UV region. A photon reflection of up to 60% is evident from the R (ω) in UV region, however, in IR and visible regions, the reflectance is negligible. Based on calculated values of Seebeck coefficient (S), we can state that Be 2 Sb 2 O 7 is n-type semiconductor whereas Ca 2 Sb 2 O 7 /Sr 2 Sb 2 O 7 are p-type semiconductors. The most effective thermoelectric material among Q 2 Sb 2 O 7 (Q = Be, Ca, Sr) is Ca 2 Sb 2 O 7 as its ZT value is highest (∼1.05) in the entire temperature range. Thermodynamic properties of Q 2 Sb 2 O 7 (Q = Be, Ca, Sr) are also evaluated to check dynamical stability and appropriateness of these materials in thermal applications. The investigated outcomes show that these pyrochlore oxides are potential candidates for thermoelectric and optoelectronic device applications. • Ground state properties of pyrochlore oxides Q 2 Sb 2 O 7 (Q = Be, Ca, Sr) are investigated using ab-initio. • Q 2 Sb 2 O 7 (Q = Be, Ca, Sr) are narrow band semiconductors. • Be 2 Sb 2 O 7 is n-type semiconductor, however, Ca 2 Sb 2 O 7 /Sr 2 Sb 2 O 7 are p-type semiconductors. • Optical spectra show major absorption peaks for these pyrochlore oxides occur in visible region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Populist nationalist attacks on health and human rights have been increasing throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. These attacks may be used to divert attention from the government's inability to control the virus, to deflect blame, or even to consolidate power. Authoritarian governments have increased the rhetoric of nationalism, created bogus enemies and alternative narratives, increased the authority of security forces, and banned democratic demonstrations. In this article, we discuss how the Turkish government has hidden the truth about the extent of the disease, spent considerable effort on polishing its own image, promoted the notion of Western jealousy, and fabricated a host of scapegoats to blame for its own failure to protect its people from the ravages of this crippling epidemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In settings where antenatal ultrasound is not offered routinely, ultrasound use when a woman first presents to the maternity ward for labour (i.e., triage) may be beneficial. This study investigated patients' perceptions of care and providers' experience with ultrasound implementation during labour triage at a district referral hospital (DH) and three primary health centers (HC) in eastern Uganda. This was a mixed methods study comprising questionnaires administered to women and key informant interviews among midwives pre- and post-ultrasound introduction. Bivariate analyses were conducted using chi-square tests. Qualitative themes were categorized as (1) workflow integration; (2) impact on clinical processes; (3) patient response to ultrasound; and (4) implementation barriers. A total of 731 and 815 women completed questionnaires from the HCs and DH, respectively. At the HC-level, triage quality of care, satisfaction and recommendation ratings increased with implementation of ultrasound. In contrast, satisfaction and recommendation ratings did not differ upon ultrasound introduction at the DH, whereas perceived triage quality of care increased. Most participants noted a perceived improvement in midwives' experience and knowledge upon introduction of ultrasound. Women who underwent a scan also reported diverse feelings, such as fear or worry about their delivery, fear of harm due to the ultrasound, or relief after knowing the baby's condition. For the midwives' perspective (n = 14), respondents noted that ultrasound led to more accurate diagnoses (e.g., fetal position, heart rate, multiple gestation) and improved decision-making. However, they noted health system barriers to ultrasound implementation, such as increased workload, not enough ultrasound-trained providers, and irregular electricity. While triage ultrasound in this context was seen as beneficial to mothers and useful in providers' clinical assessments, further investigation around provider-patient communication, system-level challenges, and fears or misconceptions among women are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents the free vibration analysis of a double tapered beam having linearly varying both thickness and width, by using finite element and component mode synthesis methods. To determine the natural frequency and mode shape of the double tapered cracked beam, the stiffness and mass matrices of the beam have been obtained. The crack in the beam is modeled as a massless spring, and the beam is divided into two subcomponents from the crack section. The stiffness of spring has been derived from the linear elastic fracture mechanics theory as the inverse of the compliance matrix calculated using stress intensity factors and strain energy release rate expressions. It has been observed that natural frequencies and mode shapes vary depending on the location of the crack, the depth of the crack and the aspect ratios of the beam. The results of the present study and those in the literature are compared and a great deal of consistency has been found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the frequency and status of depression and anxiety among mothers of children with inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) who were on a restricted diet and previously experienced metabolic crises. This cross-sectional multicenter descriptive study included 93 children with IEM who were on restricted diet. The patients were divided into two groups: those who had experienced metabolic crises (n =44, urea cycle defect, organic acidemia, maple syrup urine disease, hereditary fructose intolerance) and those who had not experienced previous metabolic crises (n =49; phenylketonuria, galactosemia, and non-ketotic hyperglycinemia). The control group comprised 37 healthy children. The mothers of the patients and control participants answered a questionnaire about their and their children's demographic and clinical characteristics and completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S and STAI-T). The maternal BDI, STAI-S, and STAI-T scores were 6.3±5.2, 36.1±11.2, and 39.9±8.8, respectively, in the control group. The maternal BDI, STAI-S, and STAI-T scores of the children who had experienced (19.2±9.7; 44.0±12.4; 47.9±10.6) and those who had not experienced (13.9±9.1; 40.7 ±8.6; 45.3±8.3) a crisis were significantly higher than for the controls. The BDI score was significantly higher for the mothers of children who had experienced a crisis (p =0.011), whereas no significant difference was determined between the two patient groups regarding STAI-S and STAI-T scores. The mothers of four children who had experienced metabolic crises were on antidepressant therapy. Although their children were on a similar restricted diet, the mothers of children who previously experienced or who had the risk of experiencing metabolic crises had higher depression scores as compared with the mothers of children who did not experience a previous crisis. Early supportive therapy may be required for the families of these patients to lower the burden of stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Warfarin has existed for >7 decades and has been the anticoagulant of choice for many thromboembolic disorders. The recent introduction of direct‐acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) has, however, caused a shift in preference by healthcare professionals all over the world. DOACs have been found to be at least as effective as warfarin in prevention of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation and in treatment of venous thromboembolism. In sub‐Saharan Africa, however, the widespread use of DOACs has been hampered mainly by their higher acquisition costs. As the drugs come off patent, their use in sub‐Saharan Africa is likely to increase. However, very few trials have been conducted in African settings, and safety concerns will need to be addressed with further study before widespread adoption into clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Situs Inversustotalis, a rare genetic condition which involves complete transposition of abdominal and thoracic organs. A 30 year old female with situs inversus totalis (SIT) presented with cholelithiasis. Surgical approach to left sided liver is difficult and involves meticulous dissection by experienced hands to safely remove gallbladder. The abdominothoracic organs in such a case are a mirror image of the normal, so identification and dissection of calot's triangle can be challenging. Moreover, right sided approach for a left sided liver involves re-orientation of operative staff along with the surgical set up leading to increased operative duration. Conclusion: Experienced and skilled surgeons are required to operate on a patient with reversed anatomy to prevent any iatrogenic injury. Review of surgical techniques might be required. Full pre-operative evaluation of such a patient must be carried out as there are risks of congenital cardiac and respiratory issues in patients with situs inversustotalis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ochronotic arthropathy (OcA) refers to excessive homogentisic acid (HGA) deposition in the musculoskeletal system. Our current understanding of OcA is limited, as there are less than a thousand alkaptonuria (AKU) cases reported in the literature. Herein, we investigated the rheumatological manifestations of OcA in a group of adult AKU patients. Methods: Adult AKU patients with symptoms suggestive of OcA were included. Patients underwent a detailed rheumatological assessment. Laboratory testing, including autoantibodies and radiological investigations such as conventional X-rays, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed. Results: Eight out of 12 (66%) patients had symptoms consistent with OcA. The median age at OcA symptoms was 36 (27-48) years, and the presenting symptom was back pain in 87.5% of the patients. All patients had chronic back pain, and three (37.5%) had an inflammatory type of pain character. Radiographic sacroiliitis based on X-rays was present in 2 (25%) cases. MRI of the sacroiliac joints documented bone marrow edema in five (62.5%), and spinal MRI identified corner inflammatory lesions in three patients (37.5%). One patient (12.5%) had rheumatoid arthritis. Extra-articular involvement, including enthesitis (n=1; 12.5%), interstitial lung disease (n=1; 12.5%), and scleritis (n=1; 12.5%), was also noted. Conclusion: The frequent occurrence of OcA-related inflammatory manifestations in our patients contradicts the conventional concept of OcA as a non-inflammatory disorder. The activation of inflammatory pathways, possibly by the HGA products, may responsible for this condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of Al2O3 and B4C nanoparticles on the quasi-static penetration test (QSPT) and Charpy impact test of glass-fiber-reinforced polymer composite plates has been studied with the aim to clear up whether there is a correlation between results of these two tests. Punch shear tests on the plates were carried out. The data for the absorbed energy obtained from the Charpy impact test were feasible to predict whether fiber-reinforced polymer nanocomposites will give positive results in the QSPT or ballistic tests. The predominant damage mechanisms were delamination and fiber break during the QSPT. Addition of 1 wt.% Al2O3 nanoparticles to the composite increased its punch shear strength by 8.97%, but the addition of B4C nanoparticles raised its hardness. It was also found that neither Al2O3 nor B4C increased the amount of absorbed energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the important factors of both regional progress and economic development is energy issue. As the demand for energy increases with the growing population, countries are developing various policies about the supply, distribution and sustainability of energy in planning energy investments. At this point, investments for renewable energy (RE) sources that will cause the least damage to the environment and can be transferred to future generations are increasing considering the climate change and greenhouse gas emission risks. The aim of the study is to analyze RE resources in TR83 region from a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) perspective by presenting an application for evaluating RE investments. For this purpose, using the CRITIC based Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) approach, it was provided that the RE sources in TR83 region were evaluated and ranked with respect to their performance. While the CRITIC method allows an objective weighting for the criteria, GRA provides to find out the best alternative for problems which include missing information or uncertainty. According to the result of the method, it is observed that the province which is the best in point of RE investments at the regional level is Samsun. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medicinal cannabis (MC) has been used extensively throughout history. However, its criminalization in the United States in 1937 spurred the international community to follow suit, including Norway. Despite being reintroduced as a medical treatment in many countries in recent years, the use of MC in Norway is confined to a select few patient groups, and medical specialists must formally apply for authorization from the Norwegian authorities to prescribe the drug. To assess Norwegian physicians' perceived knowledge of, experience with, and attitudes towards MC. A cross-sectional survey consisting of 31 closed-ended items captured physicians' perceived knowledge of, experience with, and attitudes towards this treatment. A total of 102 physicians participated in this study. Physicians generally agreed that MC is a legitimate treatment option (n = 45, 44.1%), that it represents a therapeutic agent for treating cancer and chemotherapy-induced side effects (n = 88, 86%), and that it has the potential to reduce unnecessary opioid use in patients with chronic pain (n = 40, 39.2%). Statistically significant differences were found between subgroups in the sample in terms of years of practice, specialty, age, country the medical diploma was obtained from, and practice type. This study found acceptance of cannabis as a therapeutic agent as well as acceptance towards MC being introduced by prescription in Norway. Further large-scale in-depth studies on provider perspectives towards MC are warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Impaired swallowing is a primary medical concern in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. Swallowing therapy and supportive care to relieve swallowing problems among HNC patients are recommended. However, no data shows the effect of dysphagia on the quality of life (QoL) among Ethiopian patients. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess swallowing function and its impact on QoL. Results: The sample included 102 HNC patients who visited oncology clinics at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital. Majority were male (53.90%), employed (70.6%), single (57.80%), and completed some level of formal education (66.60%) with a mean age of 42.58 years (SD ± 14.08). More than half of the patients (69.6%) medical expenses were covered by the government. Most were suffering from advanced stage HNC (59.80%), squamous cell carcinoma (62.70%), and the most prevalent tumor location was nasopharynx (40.20%). The mean MDADI score was 53.29 (SD ± 15.85). Being female, low income, suffering from laryngeal cancer, advanced tumor, and undergoing a single modality therapy were crucial determinants of poor QoL related to swallowing problems. It is recommended to assess swallowing related QoL of patients using a validated tool and be included in treatment protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study used bibliometric analysis of articles published about the topic of regional anesthesia from 1980-2019 with the aim of determining which countries, organizations, and authors were effective, engaged in international cooperation, and had the most cited articles and journals. Methods: All articles published from 1980-2019 included in the Web of Science database and found using the keywords regional anesthesia/anaesthesia, spinal anesthesia/anaesthesia, epidural anesthesia/anaesthesia, neuraxial anesthesia/anaesthesia, combined spinal-epidural, and peripheral nerve block in the title section had bibliometric analysis performed. Correlations between the number of publications from a country with gross domestic product (GDP), gross domestic product (at purchasing power parity) per capita (GDP PPP), and human development index (HDI) values were investigated with the Spearman correlation coefficient. The number of articles that will be published in the future was estimated with linear regression analysis. Results: Literature screening found 11,156 publications. Of these publications, 6,452 were articles. The top 4 countries producing articles were United States of America (n = 1,583), Germany (585), United Kingdom (510), and Turkey (386). There was a significant positive correlation found between the GDP, GDP PPP, and HDI markers for global countries with publication productivity (r = 0.644, P < 0.001; r = 0.623, P < 0.001, r = 0.542, P < 0.001). The most productive organizations were Harvard University and the University of Toronto. Conclusions: This comprehensive study presenting a holistic summary and evaluation of 6,452 articles about this topic may direct anesthesiologists, doctors, academics, and students interested in this topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the first-principles DFT calculations, we explore the optoelectronic and thermoelectric properties of Yb 3 Q 5 (Q= Ge, Si). The ground state properties of crystalline materials can precisely be estimated using the FP-LAPW technique implemented in the WIEN2K code. It can be determined that the compounds under consideration are metallic based on their band structures. Fermi surfaces of Yb 3 Q 5 (Q= Ge, Si) are also calculated to investigate the electronic conductivity of these materials at the Fermi level. The phenomenon of absorption and dispersion of incident photons can be explained using obtained dielectric function ε(ω) for Yb 3 Q 5 (Q= Ge, Si) compounds. The infrared (IR) region is where Yb 3 Q 5 (Q= Ge, Si) compounds absorb most light packets, however, their absorption in the visible region is also not negligible. These materials are also potential candidates for antireflecting coatings in the upper UV region. Yb 3 Q 5 (Q= Ge, Si) are brittle compounds as their B/G values are less than 1.75. Thermodynamic parameters show that these compounds are thermodynamically stable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first-principles based DFT calculations were used to investigate the effect of transition metal (TM) doping on structural, electronic, optical and thermoelectric properties of Sn 1-x A x Se (A = Au and Ag). The PBE-GGA approximation is used to calculate ground state properties of TM doped SnSe. These compounds show the presence of type-II intermediate band (IB) at Fermi level. A considerable energy bandgap is present between IB and conduction band. Significant contributions from Ag/Au and Se-atom in valence bands of Sn 1-x A x Se (A = Au and Ag) are evident from presented DOS spectra. The calculated Fermi surfaces and Seebeck coefficient (S) confirms p-type nature of these semiconductors. From ε 2 (ω) spectra, it is evident that Sn 1-x A x Se (A = Au and Ag) absorbs maximum number of incident photons in infrared (at ∼0.5 eV) and visible (at ∼2.2 eV) regions. The calculated values of n (ω) are 2.27 and 2.58 for Sn 1-x Ag x Se and Sn 1-x Au x Se, respectively. We can confirm that Sn 1-x A x Se (A = Au and Ag) are promising candidates for energy applications (especially solar cells) based on their optoelectronic and thermoelectric properties. [Display omitted] • Electronic, optical and thermoelectric properties of Sn 1-x A x Se (A = Ag and Au) are investigated ab-initio. • Sn 1-x A x Se (A = Ag and Au) show type-II intermediate band in their band structures. • These compounds are p-type materials based on Fermi surface and Seebeck coefficient. • Optical spectra show major absorption peaks in visible region around 2.2 eV. • Among the considered compounds, Sn 1-x Au x Se shows the highest absorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare clinical outcomes and complication rates associated with semirigid (malleable) and inflatable penile prostheses (PPs) and investigate the factors that influence these complications. Material and methods: The records of 131 patients who had undergone penile prosthesis implantation (PPI) in our clinic due to erectile dysfunction (ED) between January 2010 and March 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. The initial surgery included 116 primary implants and 15 men had two revision operations. Patients were assigned to two groups as semirigid (malleable) PPI (group 1) and inflatable PPI (group 2) patients, and obtained data were compared across these two groups. Results: Group 1 included 93 patients, while Group 2 included 38 patients. Postoperative complication rates of Group 1 were 8.6% (n = 8), and Group 2 were 21% (n = 8), and the comparison of postoperative complication rates revealed a statistically significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.025). The majority of these complications (50%) was constituted by mechanical failure associated with inflatable PPs. When patients were further segregated as those with and without diabetes type 2 (DM) and those who had and had not undergone radical pelvic surgery (RPS), the comparison of complication rates across these subgroups did not yield any significant difference. Conclusions: We determined in this study that semirigid (malleable) PPs were associated with lower complication rates compared to the inflatable group, particularly with regard to mechanic failure, and that DM and history of RPS did not make a difference in complication rates in patients planned to undergo PPI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The war that took place between 1683 and 1718 and the following developments led to a social and economic collapse in Anatolian cities as well as in the entire empire. Since the majority of the administrators in the rural went to the battle during the Second Siege of Vienna and following wars, bandits who belong to different people and groups attempted banditry events that disturbed the social order in many regions of Anatolia. In fact, this irregular environment that occurred in the rural areas of Ottoman Empire, caused population mobility in cities and rural areas. In the early modern period, the characteristics of the cities formed the central-rural relations. In this context, it is important to evaluate the events of 18th century which was expressed as the period of breaking and change for the Ottoman Empire and the events between 1683 and 1718 which affect this century, in terms of Anatolian cities. In this study, bandit movements caused by the events in administrative, military, economic and social fields between 1683 and 1718 were therefore examined in the example of Manisa District. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In Uganda, HIV testing rates are approximately 90% among women in antenatal care, with male rates much lower. The World Health Organization has recommended HIV self-testing (HIVST), and one promising model is for women in antenatal care to deliver HIVST kits to their male partners. We investigated the impact of this model on male partner testing rates. Setting: Three high-volume antenatal clinics in central Uganda. Methods: We implemented a cluster-randomized controlled trial comparing standard of care to intervention, with the primary outcome of self-reported male partner HIV testing. Women and male partners were followed at 1 and 3 months. We used unadjusted analyses and log-linear models with an intent-to-treat approach accounting for clustering. Results: Study coordinators randomized 1514 women (777 intervention and 737 control). Baseline characteristics were balanced across arms with mean age (SD) of 25.2 (5.5) years and .44% with secondary education or higher. More male partners tested for HIV in intervention [576/746 (77.2%)] versus control [264/709 (37.2%)], P, 0.01. We identified 34 HIV-positive men in intervention versus 10 in control, with 6/26 (23%) and 4/6 (67%), respectively, reporting linking to care. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate an enormous increase in self-reported partner HIV testing when HIVST is available at home. However, men testing positive through HIVST appeared less likely to link to care than men testing positive at a clinic. These results highlight the potential of HIVST in increasing HIV testing rates, while underscoring the importance of developing effective approaches to maximizing linkage to care among those testing positive through HIVST. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Renal artery pseudoaneurysm is a well-described complication of open and laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. Delayed bleeding from a renal artery pseudoaneurysm is rare after open partial nephrectomy. Case description: Here, we present a 75-year-old man who, 14 days after undergoing an open right partial nephrectomy for an endophytic 4.5 cm tumor, developed painless macroscopic hematuria. Prompt computer tomography angiography imaging, followed by therapeutic angio-embolization of segmental renal artery with coils, treated the pseudoaneurysm successfully. Conclusion: Renal artery pseudoaneurysm can be treated rapidly, effectively, and with minimal patient morbidity via percutaneous renal artery embolization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All the decisions taken by the kadi who is the most important representative of the Ottoman judicial system and the copies of the documents containing official records in various periods were recorded in the books called “Şerʽiyye Sicili”. These books are among first hand sources for revealing the political, military, economic, social and cultural structure of the Ottoman Empire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the effect of smoking on peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP)‐1 levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in smokers and non‐smokers with chronic periodontitis (CP) following initial periodontal therapy. Subjects and Methods: A total of 40 patients with CP (20 smokers (S + CP) and 20 non‐smokers (S‐CP)) and 40 subjects with healthy periodontium (20 smokers (S + PH) and 20 non‐smokers (S‐PH)), comprising 80 subjects, were included in this study. Baseline GCF samples were obtained from all subjects, and clinical periodontal measurements were recorded. In patients who had received initial periodontal therapy, GCF samples were obtained and all clinical periodontal measurements were recorded again during the 6th–8th weeks. GCF PGRP‐1 levels were analyzed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Results: At baseline, GCF PGRP‐1 levels were significantly higher in both groups with CP than in both groups with healthy periodontium, whereas these levels were significantly lower in S + CP than in S‐CP. GCF PGRP‐1 levels decreased significantly in both CP groups after periodontal therapy, and this reduction was significantly greater in non‐smokers than in smokers. Conclusion: Smoking might have a suppressive effect on GCF PGRP‐1 levels in CP. Initial periodontal therapy is effective in decreasing GCF PGRP‐1 levels in both smokers and non‐smokers with CP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) operations are being performed under general anesthesia (GA). Further studies are needed on the issue whether these operations can be performed under spinal anesthesia (SA). In this study we aimed to compare SA with (GA) in terms of efficacy and complications in patients who will undergo LC operations, and to investigate the effects of preemptive analgesia on the development of shoulder pain, transition to general anesthesia, and postoperative analgesia. Method: Sixty patients in ASA I-II risk group between 18-65 years of age undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly divided into general anesthesia (GA, n=30) and spinal anesthesia (SA, n=30) groups. Patients were premedicated with i.v. midazolam and fentanyl preoperatively. Anesthesia was induced with propofol in the GA group, and maintained with Desflurane and remifentanil. In the SA group, spinal anesthesia was provided with intratechal administration of 15 mg bupivacaine at L2-3 level, and block level was increased to T4 by keeping the patient in Trendelenburg position for 7-10 minutes. Demographic data, hemodynamic parameters, operation time, visual analog scale (VAS) scores at postoperative 0th,1st, 4th, 8th,12th and 24th hours, patient-surgeon satisfaction, side effects, and occurrence of right shoulder pain in SA group were inquired and recorded. Results: Effective anesthesia was produced in both groups. Hypotension was observed in 5, bradycardia requiring atropin administration in 4, and perioperative shoulder pain in 9 patients in Group SA, but none of them required general anesthesia. Hypotension developed in one patient in Group GA. The postoperative VAS scores were significantly lower in Group SA at 0th,1st, 4th hours. Patient satisfection scores were higher in Group SA. Conclusion: We concluded that spinal anesthesia may be an alternative method to general anesthesia in patients who will undergo laparoscopic cholecystectomy operations especially when the risk of general anesthesia is too high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To determine the prevalence and predictors of victimization and perpetration of dating violence among nursing and midwifery students. Design: A cross‐sectional study design. Methods: The sample consisted of nursing and midwifery students (N = 603) at the largest state university in southeastern Turkey. Data were collected with a validated, investigator‐designed survey instrument between September 2015 and January 2016. Findings: Most participants had been exposed to dating violence. Jealousy, controlling behaviour, and restrictions on another's social life were not perceived as violent behaviour in dating relationships. There was no significant relationship of dating violence with gender, smoking, place of residence, or marijuana use. Exposure to parental violence and alcohol use were found to be the strongest predictors of being a perpetrator of violence in the dating violence perpetration model. Conclusion: The findings highlight the lack of recognition of dating violence among nursing and midwifery students. The perceptions of students should be enriched by adding content on violent behaviours in the curriculum of nursing and midwifery programmes. Impact: Efforts to reduce and stop dating violence have a crucial role in preventing future violence in established relationships. We acknowledge that the prevalence of dating violence among nursing and midwifery students is high. Psychological and verbal violence are extremely common and most are not recognized as violent behaviours by the students. This study contributes to the understanding of violent behaviours related to dating violence among nursing and midwifery students for establishing healthy relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Primary carcinomas of the urethra differ by location and histologic subtype. Primary urethral cancer of the proximal urethra is rare and aggressive tumor with a high propensity for regional and distant metastases. Case description: In this case report, we present primary urothelial carcinoma of the prostatic urethra, diagnosed by transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy of the prostate and having multiple metastases at the time of diagnosis. Metastatic patients were initiated chemotherapy according to the histological type of urethral cancer. Conclusion: Urothelial carcinomas of the urethra are rarely seen, and therefore there is no standard treatment regimen for early-stage or metastatic disease. Gemcitabine-, platinum-, and taxane-based treatments are used in the metastatic stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A sodium borate glass containing both trivalent cerium oxide and tetravalent cerium oxide states nano particles of 2–5 nm in size was successfully prepared by doping the glass with varying amounts of cerium (IV) oxide with. X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurement was used to determine the coexistence of the multivalent state of cerium oxide in the borate glass. Significant changes in the trivalent and tetravalent cerium oxide concentrations were observed when the glass was melted using different melting parameters and different raw materials. Glass made with borax that contained of 0.05mols of CeO 2 and melted at 1100 °C for 3 h had the highest concentration of trivalent cerium oxide. Transmission electron micrographs confirmed the release of trivalent Ce 2 O 3 and tetravalent CeO 2 nanoparticles from the glassy matrix. Fourier transform Infrared measurements suggest that the CeO 2 in the glass acts as both a glass-former and glass modifier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]