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Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a glycosaminoglycan with a high molecular weight found abundantly in the extracellular matrix of soft periodontal tissues. HA has anti-bacterial & anti-inflammatory action in periodontitis & gingivitis. It is plausible that HA administration to diseased periodontal sites is beneficial during periodontal healing as well as post-surgical healing, thus aiding in the management of the periodontal disease. Data gathered from clinical evidence exhibits that HA’s tissue repairing and wound healing could be beneficial not only in patients affected by gingivitis and periodontitis but also during as well as post-periodontal surgery, with significant improvement in their quality of life. This review discusses the physicochemical, biochemical, and pharmacotherapeutic uses of HA during periodontal therapy as well as post-periodontal surgery.

NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING: UNLOCKING THE POWER OF TEXT AND SPEECH DATA

The Internet of Things (IoT) Physical objects (or Groups of such materials) sensors, processing Skills, software and the Internet or other Communication connects with other devices and systems and other in exchange via networks Described as technologies. Invalid due to Internet of Things Devices Considered by name, they are associated with the public Internet. No need to connect, just the network Should only be connected and can be addressed individually. The ability to provide Machinery and digital machines, Objects, animals or personal Identifiers (UIDs) and from man to man or without the need for man-to-computer Data transfer over a network communication. In the last few years, IoT too it is too much 21st century Has become one of the most important technologies. Nowadays, everyday items combine Kitchen appliances, cars, Thermostats, baby screens through devices embedded on the Internet, making seamless communication between people, processes and objects possible. With Low-cost computing, cloud, big data, analytics and mobile technologies, physics minimal human intervention data share and let’s collect. In this high-connected world, digital Between system connected objects collaborate.

Image synthesis based on natural language description has become a research hotspot in edge computing in artificial intelligence. With the help of generative adversarial edge computing networks, the field has made great strides in high-resolution image synthesis. However, there are still some defects in the authenticity of synthetic single-target images. For example, there will be abnormal situations such as “multiple heads” and “multiple mouths” when synthesizing bird graphics. Aiming at such problems, a text generation single-target model SA-AttnGAN based on a self-attention mechanism is proposed. SA-AttnGAN (Attentional Generative Adversarial Network) refines text features into word features and sentence features to improve the semantic alignment of text and images; in the initialization stage of AttnGAN, the self-attention mechanism is used to improve the stability of the text-generated image model; the multistage GAN network is used to superimpose, finally synthesizing high-resolution images. Experimental data show that SA-AttnGAN outperforms other comparable models in terms of Inception Score and Frechet Inception Distance; synthetic image analysis shows that this model can learn background and colour information and correctly capture bird heads and mouths. The structural information of other components is improved, and the AttnGAN model generates incorrect images such as “multiple heads” and “multiple mouths.” Furthermore, SA-AttnGAN is successfully applied to description-based clothing image synthesis with good generalization ability.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a large class of endogenously expressed non-coding RNAs formed by covalently closed loops through back-splicing. High throughput sequencing technologies have identified thousands of circRNAs with high sequence conservation and cell type specific expression in eukaryotes. CircRNAs play multiple important roles in cellular physiology functioning as miRNA sponges, transcriptional regulators, RBP binding molecules, templates for protein translation, and immune regulators. In a clinical context, circRNAs expression is correlated with patient’s clinicopathological features in cancers including breast, liver, gastric, colorectal, and lung cancer. Additionally, distinct properties of circRNAs, such as high stability, exonuclease resistance, and existence in body fluids, show promising role for circRNAs as molecular biomarkers for tumor diagnosis, non-invasive monitoring, prognosis, and therapeutic intervention. Therefore, it is critical to further understand the molecular mechanism underlying circRNAs interaction in tumors and the recent progress of this RNA species in cancer development. In this review, we provide a detailed description of biological functions, molecular role of circRNAs in different cancers, and its potential role as biomarkers in a clinical context.

Crosstalk between growth factors (GFs) and steroid hormones recurs in embryogenesis and is co-opted in pathology, but underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Our data from mammary cells imply that the crosstalk between the epidermal GF and glucocorticoids (GCs) involves transcription factors like p53 and NF-κB, along with reduced pausing and traveling of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) at both promoters and bodies of GF-inducible genes. Essentially, GCs inhibit positive feedback loops activated by GFs and stimulate the reciprocal inhibitory loops. As expected, no alterations in DNA methylation accompany the transcriptional events instigated by either stimulus, but forced demethylation of regulatory regions broadened the repertoire of GF-inducible genes. We report that enhancers, like some promoters, are poised for activation by GFs and GCs. In addition, within the cooperative interface of the crosstalk, GFs enhance binding of the GC receptor to DNA and, in synergy with GCs, promote productive RNAPII elongation. Reciprocally, within the antagonistic interface GFs hyper-acetylate chromatin at unmethylated promoters and enhancers of genes involved in motility, but GCs hypoacetylate the corresponding regions. In conclusion, unmethylated genomic regions that encode feedback regulatory modules and differentially recruit RNAPII and acetylases/deacetylases underlie the crosstalk between GFs and a steroid hormone.

Objective: The present study assessed safety and efficacy of Glaritus® among adults with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM). Methodology: This prospective, randomized, multicenter, comparative, non-inferiority, open-label, parallel group, phase IV study was conducted in 14 study centers in India. Subjects were randomly allocated to receive either Glaritus® or Lantus® for 12 weeks. Each week, the dose of insulin was titrated to maintain target fasting blood glucose (FBG) level range of 80 - 120 mg/dL. Results: A total of 171 subjects were randomized (Glaritus® arm-86; Lantus® arm-85) and 161 subjects completed the study. The mean change in the glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels from visit 3 (baseline) to visit 6 (end of trial) in Glaritus® arm was -0.69 ± 1.81 and in Lantus® arm was -0.53 ± 1.94. The mean change in glucose levels between week 1 and end of week 11 in Glaritus® arm was -8.81 ± 34.57 and in Lantus® arm was -5.28 ± 30. At least one hypoglycemic episode was experienced by 27.2% subjects of Glaritus® arm and 28.6% subjects of Lantus® arm. A total of 24 adverse events (AEs) such as pain, pyrexia, few infection related including urinary tract infections, metabolic related such as decreased appetite, musculoskeletal, neurological and skin related were reported in the study (Lantus® arm: 14 AEs; Glaritus® arm: 10 AEs). Conclusion: In this short term, 12-week study, biosimilar insulin glargine, Glaritus®, is comparable to the reference product, Lantus®, when combined with Insulin Lispro® in terms of glycemic control, risk of hypoglycemia and occurrence of adverse drug reactions among adults with T1DM.

Objective: With increasing longevity, obesity and late insulin initiation being common in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), concentrated insulin formulations could evolve as a choice in a subgroup of these subjects. Globally, 30% of T2DM use more than 60 units of insulin daily. U200 (r-DNA Human Insulin Premix 30/70 200IU/mL) insulin has been developed to provide sustained glucose-lowering effect and enhanced compliance without increasing the risk of hypoglycaemia. This study was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of U200 insulin in terms of 24-hour glucose profiling using Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) in T2DM. Methods: Prospective, single-arm, open-label, multi-centre study evaluating glycaemic profile in 60 adults with T2DM administered with U200 was undertaken using CGM (iPro2, Medtronic USA) for 7 days. The endpoints assessed were time spent within acceptable glycaemic range, mean amplitude of glucose excursions (MAGE), and the duration and frequency of hypo/hyper-glycaemic periods. Results: Mean age of subjects was 55.47 ± 9.68 (26-70) years. Mean blood glucose level was 151±23.93 (105.73-231.69) mg/dl. Blood glucose levels were within the normal limits (70-150 mg/dL) for 62.35% of time. Average numbers of hyperglycaemic and hypoglycaemic episodes observed were 2.64 and 0.22 with mean duration of 165.16 and 27.35 minutes respectively. MAGE was 77.24±22.50 (37.47-153.00) mg/dl. Medication adherence rate was 100% with no adverse event other than minor hypoglycemia reported. Discussion and Conclusion: CGM provides 24-hour profiling of glycometabolic control and identifies fluctuations. U-200 premixed insulin demonstrated low intraday variability as measured by MAGE of 77.24 mg/dl and patients spending 62.35% of time within normal glucose limits, allowing for a more constant action with less frequent hypoglycaemic or hyperglycaemic excursions. U200 human premix insulin is effective, safe and well tolerated in T2DM patients. Disclosure H. Thacker: Research Support; Self; Wockhardt LTD. J. Kesavadev: Advisory Panel; Self; Novo Nordisk India Private Limited. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Novo Nordisk India Private Limited. Advisory Panel; Self; Medtronic. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Medtronic. Advisory Panel; Self; Sanofi. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Sanofi. Research Support; Self; MSD. Speaker's Bureau; Self; MSD. Advisory Panel; Self; AstraZeneca. Speaker's Bureau; Self; AstraZeneca. G. Singh: Employee; Self; Wockhardt LTD. K. Shukla: Employee; Self; Wockhardt Ltd. G. Puppalwar: Employee; Self; Wockhardt Limited, India. R. Shrimanker: Research Support; Self; Wockhardt LTD.

microRNAs (miRNAs) sind kleine, nicht fur Proteine codierende RNAs, die wichtige biologische Prozesse regulieren. Neben Funktionen in der naturlichen Entwicklung von Lebewesen sind auch Beteiligungen an Kranksheitsprozessen wie Krebs beschrieben worden. Diese Regulation erfolgt durch die Basenpaarung mit mRNAs von Zielgenen, und fuhrt entweder zu deren Abbau oder einer Blockade der Herstellung der von diesen codierten Proteinen. Da innerhalb der miRNAs nur eine sehr kurze, etwa 6-7 Nukleotide lange “Seed”-Sequenz uber die Spezifitat der Bindung an Ziel-mRNAs verantwortlich ist, wird vermutet, dass jede miRNA viele mRNAs (und Proteine) regulieren kann. Fur Brustkrebs haben wir mehrere solcher Regulationsmechanismen aufgedeckt und zeigen hier anhand experimenteller Daten, dass die miRNA-vermittelte Regulation von Prozessen komplex verlauft, da verknupfte Signalwege parallel gesteuert werden und gemeinsam zur Anderung von zellularen Phanotypen beitragen. Diese Komplexitat der Regulation der Proteine durch miRNAs eroffnet neue Moglichkeiten, die molekularen Ursachen von Krankheitsbildern zu verstehen. microRNAs, regulators of complex phenotypes microRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that regulate a number of biological processes, including development. Due to their mode of action some miRNAs are also causally involved in diseases like cancer. miRNAs bind base-complementary mRNAs and lead to either degradation of the bound mRNAs or translational repression. Both result in decreased protein levels of the particular target. miRNA selectivity is governed via a very short, just six to seven nucleotides long, ”seed" sequence which is likely to exist in many mRNAs. miRNAs are, therefore, believed to target a larger number of mRNAs, each, leading to the concerted regulation of functionally connected proteins and to thus substantially contribute to phenotypes. We have performed several screenings which suggest that, indeed, many miRNAs regulate a larger number of proteins. However, we also showed that the proteins we tested were regulated by a larger number of miRNAs each. The complexity of miRNA regulation opens new avenues towards reaching a molecular understanding of disease phenotypes via the integrated consideration of coordinated regulations.

In the present study we have evaluated the immunopotentiating activity of Rhodiola aqueous extract (RAE) in rats. The efficacy of RAE was determined by using strong antigen tetanus toxoid (TT) and weak antigen Ovalbumin (OVA). The dynamic changes in humoral and cell-mediated immune response were measured. The results indicated that the TT specific immunoglobulin levels were significantly enhanced by RAE and were at par with complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA). The level of OVA induced antibody response was also enhanced by RAE. It was observed that TT and OVA in combination with CFA or RAE could evoke a significant delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response, confirming its potential to generate strong cell-mediated immunity (CMI). The anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive effect of RAE was evaluated in adjuvant-induced arthritis model (AIA). RAE could not suppress the swelling response. Therefore, this study suggests that RAE has adjuvant/immunopotentiating activity in terms of humoral as well as cell-med...

Amplified HER2, which encodes a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family, is a target of effective therapies against breast cancer. In search for similarly targetable genomic aberrations, we identified copy number gains in SYNJ2, which encodes the 5'-inositol lipid phosphatase synaptojanin 2, as well as overexpression in a small fraction of human breast tumors. Copy gain and overexpression correlated with shorter patient survival and a low abundance of the tumor suppressor microRNA miR-31. SYNJ2 promoted cell migration and invasion in culture and lung metastasis of breast tumor xenografts in mice. Knocking down SYNJ2 impaired the endocytic recycling of EGFR and the formation of cellular lamellipodia and invadopodia. Screening compound libraries identified SYNJ2-specific inhibitors that prevented cell migration but did not affect the related neural protein SYNJ1, suggesting that SYNJ2 is a potentially druggable target to block cancer cell migration.

Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling is frequently deregulated in a variety of cancers and is constitutively active in estrogen receptor negative (ER-) breast cancer subtypes. These molecular subtypes of breast cancer are associated with poor overall survival. We focused on mechanisms of NF-κB regulation by microRNAs (miRNAs), which regulate eukaryotic gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. In a previous genome-wide miRNA screen, we had identified miR-30c-2-3p as one of the strongest negative regulators of NF-κB signaling. Here we have uncovered the underlying molecular mechanisms and its consequences in breast cancer. In vitro results show that miR-30c-2-3p directly targets both TNFRSF1A-associated via death domain (TRADD), an adaptor protein of the TNFR/NF-κB signaling pathway, and the cell cycle protein Cyclin E1 (CCNE1). Ectopic expression of miR-30c-2-3p downregulated essential cytokines IL8, IL6, CXCL1, and reduced cell proliferation as well as invasion in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. RNA interference (RNAi) induced silencing of TRADD phenocopied the effects on invasion and cytokine expression caused by miR-30c-2-3p, while inhibition of CCNE1 phenocopied the effects on cell proliferation. We further confirmed the tumor suppressive role of this miRNA using a dataset of 781 breast tumors, where higher expression was associated with better survival in breast cancer patients. In summary we have elucidated the mechanism by which miR-30c-2-3p negatively regulates NF-κB signaling and cell cycle progression in breast cancer.

Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a collection of mobile computers or devices that cooperatively communicate with each other without any pre-established infrastructures such as a centralized access point. There are several issues in VANET. One of them is congestion control. In case of increase in the number of beacon messages, broadcasted by many vehicles, the communication channel will easily be congested. So, to overcome this problem we have proposed an algorithm that increases the availability of communication channel for emergency messages over the beacon messages. Keywords: MANET, VANET, Mobility.

Cataloged from PDF version of article. Tamoxifen is an endocrine therapy which is administered to up to 70% of all breast cancer patients with oestrogen receptor alpha (ERα) expression. Despite the initial response, most patients eventually acquire resistance to the drug. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs which have the ability to post-transcriptionally regulate genes. Although the role of a few miRNAs has been described in tamoxifen resistance at the single gene/target level, little is known about how concerted actions of miRNAs targeting biological networks contribute to resistance. Here we identified the miRNA cluster, C19MC, which harbours around 50 mature miRNAs, to be up-regulated in resistant cells, with miRNA-519a being the most highly up-regulated. We could demonstrate that miRNA-519a regulates tamoxifen resistance using gain- and loss-of-function testing. By combining functional enrichment analysis and prediction algorithms, we identified three central tumour-suppressor genes (TSGs) in PI3K signalling and the cell cycle network as direct target genes of miR-519a. Combined expression of these target genes correlated with disease-specific survival in a cohort of tamoxifen-treated patients. We identified miRNA-519a as a novel oncomir in ER+ breast cancer cells as it increased cell viability and cell cycle progression as well as resistance to tamoxifen-induced apoptosis. Finally, we could show that elevated miRNA-519a levels were inversely correlated with the target genes' expression and that higher expression of this miRNA correlated with poorer survival in ER+ breast cancer patients. Hence we have identified miRNA-519a as a novel oncomir, co-regulating a network of TSGs in breast cancer and conferring resistance to tamoxifen. Using inhibitors of such miRNAs may serve as a novel therapeutic approach to combat resistance to therapy as well as proliferation and evasion of apoptosis in breast cancer. © 2014 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.

In the present study we have evaluated the immunopotentiating activity of Rhodiola aqueous extract (RAE) in rats. The efficacy of RAE was determined by using strong antigen tetanus toxoid (TT) and weak antigen Ovalbumin (OVA). The dynamic changes in humoral and cell-mediated immune response were measured. The results indicated that the TT specific immunoglobulin levels were significantly enhanced by RAE and were at par with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). The level of OVA induced antibody response was also enhanced by RAE. It was observed that TT and OVA in combination with CFA or RAE could evoke a significant delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response, confirming its potential to generate strong cell-mediated immunity (CMI). The anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive effect of RAE was evaluated in adjuvant-induced arthritis model (AIA). RAE could not suppress the swelling response. Therefore, this study suggests that RAE has adjuvant/immunopotentiating activity in terms of humoral as well as cell-mediated immune response against strong antigen like TT and weak antigen like OVA.