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1. Impedance Matching Between SQUID and Warm Amplifier for TES Readout in TDM for the ATHENA X-IFU Instrument

Author: Gonzalez, Manuel, Parot, Yann, Prele, Damien, Kirsch, Christian, Cucchetti, Edoardo, Peille, Philippe, Murat, David, Ravera, Laurent, and Van der Kuur, Jan
Published: 2024
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2. X-ray detection of a nova in the fireball phase

Author: König, Ole, Wilms, Jörn, Arcodia, Riccardo, Dauser, Thomas, Dennerl, Konrad, Doroshenko, Victor, Haberl, Frank, Hämmerich, Steven, Kirsch, Christian, Kreykenbohm, Ingo, Lorenz, Maximilian, Malyali, Adam, Merloni, Andrea, Rau, Arne, Rauch, Thomas, Sala, Gloria, Schwope, Axel, Suleimanov, Valery, Weber, Philipp, and Werner, Klaus
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Novae are caused by runaway thermonuclear burning in the hydrogen-rich envelopes of accreting white dwarfs, which results in the envelope to expand rapidly and to eject most of its mass. For more than 30 years, nova theory has predicted the existence of a "fireball" phase following directly the runaway fusion, which should be observable as a short, bright, and soft X-ray flash before the nova becomes visible in the optical. Here we present the unequivocal detection of an extremely bright and very soft X-ray flash of the classical Galactic nova YZ Reticuli 11 hours prior to its 9 mag optical brightening. No X-ray source was detected 4 hours before and after the event, constraining the duration of the flash to shorter than 8 hours. In agreement with theoretical predictions, the source's spectral shape is consistent with a black body of $3.27^{+0.11}_{-0.33}\times 10^5$ K ($28.2^{+0.9}_{-2.8}$ eV), or a white dwarf atmosphere, radiating at the Eddington luminosity, with a photosphere that is only slightly larger than a typical white dwarf. This detection of the expanding white dwarf photosphere before the ejection of the envelope provides the last link of the predicted photospheric lightcurve evolution and opens a new window to measure the total nova energetics., Comment: Published in Nature on 11 May 2022
Published: 2022
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3. The Athena X-ray Integral Field Unit: a consolidated design for the system requirement review of the preliminary definition phase

Author: Barret, Didier, Albouys, Vincent, Herder, Jan-Willem den, Piro, Luigi, Cappi, Massimo, Huovelin, Juhani, Kelley, Richard, Mas-Hesse, J. Miguel, Paltani, Stéphane, Rauw, Gregor, Rozanska, Agata, Svoboda, Jiri, Wilms, Joern, Yamasaki, Noriko, Audard, Marc, Bandler, Simon, Barbera, Marco, Barcons, Xavier, Bozzo, Enrico, Ceballos, Maria Teresa, Charles, Ivan, Costantini, Elisa, Dauser, Thomas, Decourchelle, Anne, Duband, Lionel, Duval, Jean-Marc, Fiore, Fabrizio, Gatti, Flavio, Goldwurm, Andrea, Hartog, Roland den, Jackson, Brian, Jonker, Peter, Kilbourne, Caroline, Korpela, Seppo, Macculi, Claudio, Mendez, Mariano, Mitsuda, Kazuhisa, Molendi, Silvano, Pajot, François, Pointecouteau, Etienne, Porter, Frederick, Pratt, Gabriel W., Prêle, Damien, Ravera, Laurent, Sato, Kosuke, Schaye, Joop, Shinozaki, Keisuke, Skup, Konrad, Soucek, Jan, Thibert, Tanguy, Vink, Jacco, Webb, Natalie, Chaoul, Laurence, Raulin, Desi, Simionescu, Aurora, Torrejon, Jose Miguel, Acero, Fabio, Branduardi-Raymont, Graziella, Ettori, Stefano, Finoguenov, Alexis, Grosso, Nicolas, Kaastra, Jelle, Mazzotta, Pasquale, Miller, Jon, Miniutti, Giovanni, Nicastro, Fabrizio, Sciortino, Salvatore, Yamaguchi, Hiroya, Beaumont, Sophie, Cucchetti, Edoardo, D'Andrea, Matteo, Eckart, Megan, Ferrando, Philippe, Kammoun, Elias, Lotti, Simone, Mesnager, Jean-Michel, Natalucci, Lorenzo, Peille, Philippe, de Plaa, Jelle, Ardellier, Florence, Argan, Andrea, Bellouard, Elise, Carron, Jérôme, Cavazzuti, Elisabetta, Fiorini, Mauro, Khosropanah, Pourya, Martin, Sylvain, Perry, James, Pinsard, Frederic, Pradines, Alice, Rigano, Manuela, Roelfsema, Peter, Schwander, Denis, Torrioli, Guido, Ullom, Joel, Vera, Isabel, Villegas, Eduardo Medinaceli, Zuchniak, Monika, Brachet, Frank, Cicero, Ugo Lo, Doriese, William, Durkin, Malcom, Fioretti, Valentina, Geoffray, Hervé, Jacques, Lionel, Kirsch, Christian, Smith, Stephen, Adams, Joseph, Gloaguen, Emilie, Hoogeveen, Ruud, van der Hulst, Paul, Kiviranta, Mikko, van der Kuur, Jan, Ledot, Aurélien, van Leeuwen, Bert-Joost, van Loon, Dennis, Lyautey, Bertrand, Parot, Yann, Sakai, Kazuhiro, van Weers, Henk, Abdoelkariem, Shariefa, Adam, Thomas, Adami, Christophe, Aicardi, Corinne, Akamatsu, Hiroki, Alonso, Pablo Eleazar Merino, Amato, Roberta, André, Jérôme, Angelinelli, Matteo, Anon-Cancela, Manuel, Anvar, Shebli, Atienza, Ricardo, Attard, Anthony, Auricchio, Natalia, Balado, Ana, Bancel, Florian, Barusso, Lorenzo Ferrari, Bernard, Vivian, Berrocal, Alicia, Blin, Sylvie, Bonino, Donata, Bonnet, François, Bonny, Patrick, Boorman, Peter, Boreux, Charles, Bounab, Ayoub, Boutelier, Martin, Boyce, Kevin, Brienza, Daniele, Bruijn, Marcel, Bulgarelli, Andrea, Calarco, Simona, Callanan, Paul, Camus, Thierry, Canourgues, Florent, Capobianco, Vito, Cardiel, Nicolas, Castellani, Florent, Cheatom, Oscar, Chervenak, James, Chiarello, Fabio, Clerc, Nicolas, Clerc, Laurent, Cobo, Beatriz, Coeur-Joly, Odile, Coleiro, Alexis, Colonges, Stéphane, Corcione, Leonardo, Coriat, Mickael, Coynel, Alexandre, Cuttaia, Francesco, D'Ai, Antonino, D'anca, Fabio, Dadina, Mauro, Daniel, Christophe, DeNigris, Natalie, Dercksen, Johannes, DiPirro, Michael, Doumayrou, Eric, Dubbeldam, Luc, Dupieux, Michel, Dupourqué, Simon, Durand, Jean Louis, Eckert, Dominique, Eiriz, Valvanera, Ercolani, Eric, Etcheverry, Christophe, Finkbeiner, Fred, Fiocchi, Mariateresa, Fossecave, Hervé, Franssen, Philippe, Frericks, Martin, Gabici, Stefano, Gant, Florent, Gao, Jian-Rong, Gastaldello, Fabio, Genolet, Ludovic, Ghizzardi, Simona, Gil, M Angeles Alcacera, Giovannini, Elisa, Godet, Olivier, Gomez-Elvira, Javier, Gonzalez, Manuel, Gonzalez, Raoul, Gottardi, Luciano, Granat, Dolorès, Gros, Michel, Guignard, Nicolas, Hieltjes, Paul, Hurtado, Adolfo Jesus, Irwin, Kent, Jacquey, Christian, Janiuk, Agnieszka, Jaubert, Jean, Jiménez, Maria, Jolly, Antoine, Jourdan, Thierry, Julien, Sabine, Kedziora, Bartosz, Korb, Andrew, Kreykenbohm, Ingo, König, Ole, Langer, Mathieu, Laudet, Philippe, Laurent, Philippe, Laurenza, Monica, Lesrel, Jean, Ligori, Sebastiano, Lorenz, Maximilian, Luminari, Alfredo, Maffei, Bruno, Maisonnave, Océane, Marelli, Lorenzo, Massonet, Didier, Maussang, Irwin, Melchor, Alejandro Gonzalo, Mer, Isabelle Le, Michalski, Lea, Millerioux, Jean-Pierre, Mineo, Teresa, Minervini, Gabriele, Molin, Alexeï, Monestes, David, Montinaro, Nicola, Mot, Baptiste, Murat, David, Nagayoshi, Kenichiro, Nazé, Yaël, Noguès, Loïc, Pailot, Damien, Panessa, Francesca, Parodi, Luigi, Petit, Pascal, Piconcelli, Enrico, Pinto, Ciro, Plaza, Jose Miguel Encinas, Poyatos, David, Prouvé, Thomas, Ptak, Andy, Puccetti, Simonetta, Puccio, Elena, Ramon, Pascale, Reina, Manuel, Rioland, Guillaume, Rodriguez, Louis, Roig, Anton, Rollet, Bertrand, Roncarelli, Mauro, Roudil, Gilles, Rudnicki, Tomasz, Sanisidro, Julien, Sciortino, Luisa, Silva, Vitor, Sordet, Michael, Soto-Aguilar, Javier, Spizzi, Pierre, Surace, Christian, Sánchez, Miguel Fernández, Taralli, Emanuele, Terrasa, Guilhem, Terrier, Régis, Todaro, Michela, Ubertini, Pietro, Uslenghi, Michela, de Vaate, Jan Geralt Bij, Vaccaro, Davide, Varisco, Salvatore, Varnière, Peggy, Vibert, Laurent, Vidriales, María, Villa, Fabrizio, Vodopivec, Boris Martin, Volpe, Angela, de Vries, Cor, Wakeham, Nicholas, Walmsley, Gavin, Wise, Michael, de Wit, Martin, and Woźniak, Grzegorz
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: The Athena X-ray Integral Unit (X-IFU) is the high resolution X-ray spectrometer, studied since 2015 for flying in the mid-30s on the Athena space X-ray Observatory, a versatile observatory designed to address the Hot and Energetic Universe science theme, selected in November 2013 by the Survey Science Committee. Based on a large format array of Transition Edge Sensors (TES), it aims to provide spatially resolved X-ray spectroscopy, with a spectral resolution of 2.5 eV (up to 7 keV) over an hexagonal field of view of 5 arc minutes (equivalent diameter). The X-IFU entered its System Requirement Review (SRR) in June 2022, at about the same time when ESA called for an overall X-IFU redesign (including the X-IFU cryostat and the cooling chain), due to an unanticipated cost overrun of Athena. In this paper, after illustrating the breakthrough capabilities of the X-IFU, we describe the instrument as presented at its SRR, browsing through all the subsystems and associated requirements. We then show the instrument budgets, with a particular emphasis on the anticipated budgets of some of its key performance parameters. Finally we briefly discuss on the ongoing key technology demonstration activities, the calibration and the activities foreseen in the X-IFU Instrument Science Center, and touch on communication and outreach activities, the consortium organisation, and finally on the life cycle assessment of X-IFU aiming at minimising the environmental footprint, associated with the development of the instrument. Thanks to the studies conducted so far on X-IFU, it is expected that along the design-to-cost exercise requested by ESA, the X-IFU will maintain flagship capabilities in spatially resolved high resolution X-ray spectroscopy, enabling most of the original X-IFU related scientific objectives of the Athena mission to be retained. (abridged)., Comment: 48 pages, 29 figures, Accepted for publication in Experimental Astronomy with minor editing
Published: 2022
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4. The Athena X-ray Integral Field Unit: a consolidated design for the system requirement review of the preliminary definition phase

Author: Barret, Didier, Albouys, Vincent, Herder, Jan-Willem den, Piro, Luigi, Cappi, Massimo, Huovelin, Juhani, Kelley, Richard, Mas-Hesse, J. Miguel, Paltani, Stéphane, Rauw, Gregor, Rozanska, Agata, Svoboda, Jiri, Wilms, Joern, Yamasaki, Noriko, Audard, Marc, Bandler, Simon, Barbera, Marco, Barcons, Xavier, Bozzo, Enrico, Ceballos, Maria Teresa, Charles, Ivan, Costantini, Elisa, Dauser, Thomas, Decourchelle, Anne, Duband, Lionel, Duval, Jean-Marc, Fiore, Fabrizio, Gatti, Flavio, Goldwurm, Andrea, Hartog, Roland den, Jackson, Brian, Jonker, Peter, Kilbourne, Caroline, Korpela, Seppo, Macculi, Claudio, Mendez, Mariano, Mitsuda, Kazuhisa, Molendi, Silvano, Pajot, François, Pointecouteau, Etienne, Porter, Frederick, Pratt, Gabriel W., Prêle, Damien, Ravera, Laurent, Sato, Kosuke, Schaye, Joop, Shinozaki, Keisuke, Skup, Konrad, Soucek, Jan, Thibert, Tanguy, Vink, Jacco, Webb, Natalie, Chaoul, Laurence, Raulin, Desi, Simionescu, Aurora, Torrejon, Jose Miguel, Acero, Fabio, Branduardi-Raymont, Graziella, Ettori, Stefano, Finoguenov, Alexis, Grosso, Nicolas, Kaastra, Jelle, Mazzotta, Pasquale, Miller, Jon, Miniutti, Giovanni, Nicastro, Fabrizio, Sciortino, Salvatore, Yamaguchi, Hiroya, Beaumont, Sophie, Cucchetti, Edoardo, D’Andrea, Matteo, Eckart, Megan, Ferrando, Philippe, Kammoun, Elias, Lotti, Simone, Mesnager, Jean-Michel, Natalucci, Lorenzo, Peille, Philippe, de Plaa, Jelle, Ardellier, Florence, Argan, Andrea, Bellouard, Elise, Carron, Jérôme, Cavazzuti, Elisabetta, Fiorini, Mauro, Khosropanah, Pourya, Martin, Sylvain, Perry, James, Pinsard, Frederic, Pradines, Alice, Rigano, Manuela, Roelfsema, Peter, Schwander, Denis, Torrioli, Guido, Ullom, Joel, Vera, Isabel, Villegas, Eduardo Medinaceli, Zuchniak, Monika, Brachet, Frank, Cicero, Ugo Lo, Doriese, William, Durkin, Malcom, Fioretti, Valentina, Geoffray, Hervé, Jacques, Lionel, Kirsch, Christian, Smith, Stephen, Adams, Joseph, Gloaguen, Emilie, Hoogeveen, Ruud, van der Hulst, Paul, Kiviranta, Mikko, van der Kuur, Jan, Ledot, Aurélien, van Leeuwen, Bert-Joost, van Loon, Dennis, Lyautey, Bertrand, Parot, Yann, Sakai, Kazuhiro, van Weers, Henk, Abdoelkariem, Shariefa, Adam, Thomas, Adami, Christophe, Aicardi, Corinne, Akamatsu, Hiroki, Alonso, Pablo Eleazar Merino, Amato, Roberta, André, Jérôme, Angelinelli, Matteo, Anon-Cancela, Manuel, Anvar, Shebli, Atienza, Ricardo, Attard, Anthony, Auricchio, Natalia, Balado, Ana, Bancel, Florian, Barusso, Lorenzo Ferrari, Bascuñan, Arturo, Bernard, Vivian, Berrocal, Alicia, Blin, Sylvie, Bonino, Donata, Bonnet, François, Bonny, Patrick, Boorman, Peter, Boreux, Charles, Bounab, Ayoub, Boutelier, Martin, Boyce, Kevin, Brienza, Daniele, Bruijn, Marcel, Bulgarelli, Andrea, Calarco, Simona, Callanan, Paul, Campello, Alberto Prada, Camus, Thierry, Canourgues, Florent, Capobianco, Vito, Cardiel, Nicolas, Castellani, Florent, Cheatom, Oscar, Chervenak, James, Chiarello, Fabio, Clerc, Laurent, Clerc, Nicolas, Cobo, Beatriz, Coeur-Joly, Odile, Coleiro, Alexis, Colonges, Stéphane, Corcione, Leonardo, Coriat, Mickael, Coynel, Alexandre, Cuttaia, Francesco, D’Ai, Antonino, D’anca, Fabio, Dadina, Mauro, Daniel, Christophe, Dauner, Lea, DeNigris, Natalie, Dercksen, Johannes, DiPirro, Michael, Doumayrou, Eric, Dubbeldam, Luc, Dupieux, Michel, Dupourqué, Simon, Durand, Jean Louis, Eckert, Dominique, Eiriz, Valvanera, Ercolani, Eric, Etcheverry, Christophe, Finkbeiner, Fred, Fiocchi, Mariateresa, Fossecave, Hervé, Franssen, Philippe, Frericks, Martin, Gabici, Stefano, Gant, Florent, Gao, Jian-Rong, Gastaldello, Fabio, Genolet, Ludovic, Ghizzardi, Simona, Gil, Ma Angeles Alcacera, Giovannini, Elisa, Godet, Olivier, Gomez-Elvira, Javier, Gonzalez, Raoul, Gonzalez, Manuel, Gottardi, Luciano, Granat, Dolorès, Gros, Michel, Guignard, Nicolas, Hieltjes, Paul, Hurtado, Adolfo Jesús, Irwin, Kent, Jacquey, Christian, Janiuk, Agnieszka, Jaubert, Jean, Jiménez, Maria, Jolly, Antoine, Jourdan, Thierry, Julien, Sabine, Kedziora, Bartosz, Korb, Andrew, Kreykenbohm, Ingo, König, Ole, Langer, Mathieu, Laudet, Philippe, Laurent, Philippe, Laurenza, Monica, Lesrel, Jean, Ligori, Sebastiano, Lorenz, Maximilian, Luminari, Alfredo, Maffei, Bruno, Maisonnave, Océane, Marelli, Lorenzo, Massonet, Didier, Maussang, Irwin, Melchor, Alejandro Gonzalo, Le Mer, Isabelle, Millan, Francisco Javier San, Millerioux, Jean-Pierre, Mineo, Teresa, Minervini, Gabriele, Molin, Alexeï, Monestes, David, Montinaro, Nicola, Mot, Baptiste, Murat, David, Nagayoshi, Kenichiro, Nazé, Yaël, Noguès, Loïc, Pailot, Damien, Panessa, Francesca, Parodi, Luigi, Petit, Pascal, Piconcelli, Enrico, Pinto, Ciro, Plaza, Jose Miguel Encinas, Plaza, Borja, Poyatos, David, Prouvé, Thomas, Ptak, Andy, Puccetti, Simonetta, Puccio, Elena, Ramon, Pascale, Reina, Manuel, Rioland, Guillaume, Rodriguez, Louis, Roig, Anton, Rollet, Bertrand, Roncarelli, Mauro, Roudil, Gilles, Rudnicki, Tomasz, Sanisidro, Julien, Sciortino, Luisa, Silva, Vitor, Sordet, Michael, Soto-Aguilar, Javier, Spizzi, Pierre, Surace, Christian, Sánchez, Miguel Fernández, Taralli, Emanuele, Terrasa, Guilhem, Terrier, Régis, Todaro, Michela, Ubertini, Pietro, Uslenghi, Michela, de Vaate, Jan Geralt Bij, Vaccaro, Davide, Varisco, Salvatore, Varnière, Peggy, Vibert, Laurent, Vidriales, María, Villa, Fabrizio, Vodopivec, Boris Martin, Volpe, Angela, de Vries, Cor, Wakeham, Nicholas, Walmsley, Gavin, Wise, Michael, de Wit, Martin, and Woźniak, Grzegorz
Published: 2023
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5. SIXTE -- The Generic X-ray Instrument Simulation Toolkit

Author: Dauser, Thomas, Falkner, Sebastian, Lorenz, Maximilian, Kirsch, Christian, Peille, Philippe, Cucchetti, Edoardo, Schmid, Christian, Brand, Thorsten, Oertel, Mirjam, Smith, Randall, and Wilms, Jörn
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: We give an overview of the SImulation of X-ray TElescopes (SIXTE) software package, a generic, mission-independent Monte Carlo simulation toolkit for X-ray astronomical instrumentation. The package is based on a modular approach for the source definition, the description of the optics, and the detector type such that new missions can be easily implemented. The targets to be simulated are stored in a flexible input format called SIMPUT. Based on this source definition, a sample of photons is produced and then propagated through the optics. In order to model the detection process, the software toolkit contains modules for various detector types, ranging from proportional counter and Si-based detectors, to more complex descriptions like transition edge sensor (TES) devices. The implementation of characteristic detector effects and a detailed modeling of the read-out process allow for representative simulations and therefore enable the analysis of characteristic features, such as for example pile-up, and their impact on observations. We present an overview of the implementation of SIXTE from the input source, the imaging, and the detection process, highlighting the modular approach taken by the SIXTE software package. In order to demonstrate the capabilities of the simulation software, we present a selection of representative applications, including the all-sky survey of eROSITA and a study of pile-up effects comparing the currently operating XMM-Newton with the planned Athena-WFI instrument. A simulation of a galaxy cluster with the Athena- X-IFU shows the capability of SIXTE to predict the expected performance of an observation for a complex source with a spatially varying spectrum and our current knowledge of the future instrument., Comment: accepted for publication in A&A
Published: 2019
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6. The Athena X-ray Integral Field Unit

Author: Barret, Didier, Trong, Thien Lam, Herder, Jan-Willem den, Piro, Luigi, Cappi, Massimo, Huovelin, Juhani, Kelley, Richard, Mas-Hesse, J. Miguel, Mitsuda, Kazuhisa, Paltani, Stéphane, Rauw, Gregor, Rozanska, Agata, Wilms, Joern, Bandler, Simon, Barbera, Marco, Barcons, Xavier, Bozzo, Enrico, Ceballos, Maria Teresa, Charles, Ivan, Costantini, Elisa, Decourchelle, Anne, Hartog, Roland den, Duband, Lionel, Duval, Jean-Marc, Fiore, Fabrizio, Gatti, Flavio, Goldwurm, Andrea, Jackson, Brian, Jonker, Peter, Kilbourne, Caroline, Macculi, Claudio, Mendez, Mariano, Molendi, Silvano, Orleanski, Piotr, Pajot, François, Pointecouteau, Etienne, Porter, Frederick, Pratt, Gabriel W., Prêle, Damien, Ravera, Laurent, Sato, Kosuke, Schaye, Joop, Shinozaki, Keisuke, Thibert, Tanguy, Valenziano, Luca, Valette, Veronique, Vink, Jacco, Webb, Natalie, Wise, Michael, Yamasaki, Noriko, Delcelier-Douchin, Françoise, Mesnager, Jean-Michel, Pontet, Bernard, Pradines, Alice, Branduardi-Raymont, Graziella, Bulbul, Esra, Dadina, Mauro, Ettori, Stefano, Finoguenov, Alexis, Fukazawa, Yasushi, Janiuk, Agnieszka, Kaastra, Jelle, Mazzotta, Pasquale, Miller, Jon, Miniutti, Giovanni, Nazé, Yaël, Nicastro, Fabrizio, Sciortino, Salvatore, Simionescu, Aurora, Torrejon, Jose Miguel, Frezouls, Benoît, Geoffray, Hervé, Peille, Philippe, Aicardi, Corinne, André, Jérôme, Clénet, Antoine, Daniel, Christophe, Etcheverry, Christophe, Gloaguen, Emilie, Hervet, Gilles, Jolly, Antoine, Ledot, Aurélien, Maussang, Irwin, Paillet, Alexis, Schmisser, Roseline, Vella, Bruno, Damery, Jean-Charles, Boyce, Kevin, DiPirro, Michael, Lotti, Simone, Schwander, Denis, Smith, Stephen, van Leeuwen, Bert-Joost, van Weers, Henk, Clerc, Nicolas, Cobo, Beatriz, Dauser, Thomas, de Plaa, Jelle, Kirsch, Christian, Cucchetti, Edoardo, Eckart, Megan, Ferrando, Philippe, and Natalucci, Lorenzo
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: The X-ray Integral Field Unit (X-IFU) is the high resolution X-ray spectrometer of the ESA Athena X-ray observatory. Over a field of view of 5' equivalent diameter, it will deliver X-ray spectra from 0.2 to 12 keV with a spectral resolution of 2.5 eV up to 7 keV on ~5 arcsecond pixels. The X-IFU is based on a large format array of super-conducting molybdenum-gold Transition Edge Sensors cooled at about 90 mK, each coupled with an absorber made of gold and bismuth with a pitch of 249 microns. A cryogenic anti-coincidence detector located underneath the prime TES array enables the non X-ray background to be reduced. A bath temperature of about 50 mK is obtained by a series of mechanical coolers combining 15K Pulse Tubes, 4K and 2K Joule-Thomson coolers which pre-cool a sub Kelvin cooler made of a 3He sorption cooler coupled with an Adiabatic Demagnetization Refrigerator. Frequency domain multiplexing enables to read out 40 pixels in one single channel. A photon interacting with an absorber leads to a current pulse, amplified by the readout electronics and whose shape is reconstructed on board to recover its energy with high accuracy. The defocusing capability offered by the Athena movable mirror assembly enables the X-IFU to observe the brightest X-ray sources of the sky (up to Crab-like intensities) by spreading the telescope point spread function over hundreds of pixels. Thus the X-IFU delivers low pile-up, high throughput (>50%), and typically 10 eV spectral resolution at 1 Crab intensities, i.e. a factor of 10 or more better than Silicon based X-ray detectors. In this paper, the current X-IFU baseline is presented, together with an assessment of its anticipated performance in terms of spectral resolution, background, and count rate capability. The X-IFU baseline configuration will be subject to a preliminary requirement review that is scheduled at the end of 2018., Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures, to appear in Proc. SPIE Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation, Austin 2018
Published: 2018

7. Development of a histopathological index for skeletal muscle analysis in Rattus norvegicus (Rodentia: Muridae)

Author: Zazula, Matheus Felipe, de Andrade, Bárbara Zanardini, Toni Boaro, Carolina De, Kirsch, Christian Bergmann, Reginato, Aline, Peretti, Ana Luiza, Costa, Rose Meire, Bertolini, Gladson Ricardo Flor, Naliwaiko, Katya, Guimarães, Ana Tereza Bittencourt, and Chasko Ribeiro, Lucinéia de Fátima
Published: 2022
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8. Efficacy and Safety of Budesonide, vs Mesalazine or Placebo, as Induction Therapy for Lymphocytic Colitis

Author: Stehlk, Jiri, Bonderup, Ole, Munck, Lars Kristian, Rannem, Terje, Armerding, Peter, Bläker, Michael, Böhm, Günter, Hoesl, Mark, Kirsch, Christian, Madisch, Ahmed, Meier, Eberhard, Miehlke, Stephan, Rehbehn, Kai-Uwe, Kiss, Gyula G., Nagy, Ferenc, Tulassay, Zsolt, Zsigmond, Ferenc, Kupcinskas, Limas, Bouma, Gerd, Pierik, Marieke, Fernández-Bañares, Fernando, Lucendo, Alfredo J., Bohr, Johan, Hellström, Per, Lebrun, Barbro, Lindberg, Greger, Münch, Andreas, Vigren, Lina, Wielondek, Miroslav, Krauss, Martin, Dignass, Axel, Kruis, Wolfgang, Aust, Daniela, Mihaly, Emese, Böhm, Günther, Kupcinskas, Juozas, Nacak, Tanju, and Greinwald, Roland
Published: 2018
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9. The Athena X-IFU Instrument Simulator xifusim

Author: Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), European Commission, Kirsch, Christian [0000-0001-6293-1538], Ceballos, Maria Teresa [0000-0001-6074-3621], Cobo, Beatriz [000-0002-7480-9190], Kirsch, Christian, Lorenz, M., Peille, Philippe, Dauser, T., Ceballos, María Teresa, Cobo, Beatriz, Merino-Alonso, P. E., Cucchetti, E., Smith, Stephen J., Gottardi, Luciano, Hartog, Roland H. den, Miniussi, A., Durkin, M. S., Prêle, D., Wilms, Jörn, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), European Commission, Kirsch, Christian [0000-0001-6293-1538], Ceballos, Maria Teresa [0000-0001-6074-3621], Cobo, Beatriz [000-0002-7480-9190], Kirsch, Christian, Lorenz, M., Peille, Philippe, Dauser, T., Ceballos, María Teresa, Cobo, Beatriz, Merino-Alonso, P. E., Cucchetti, E., Smith, Stephen J., Gottardi, Luciano, Hartog, Roland H. den, Miniussi, A., Durkin, M. S., Prêle, D., and Wilms, Jörn
Abstract: We present the instrument simulator xifusim developed for the X-ray Integral Field Unit X-IFU aboard the planned Athena mission. xifusim aims to be an accurate representation of the entire instrument, starting from a full simulation of the Transition-Edge Sensor (TES) array receiving impact photons unconstrained by the small signal limit. Its output current is then propagated through the entire readout chain, including multiplexing, amplification and the digital readout. The final output consists of triggered records, which can be post-processed to reconstruct the photon energies. The readout chain itself is separated into individual, modular blocks with several possible models for each, allowing the simulation of different readout schemes or models of varying physical accuracy at the expense of run time. New models are implemented as necessary to enable studies of the overall readout chain. Such studies are also facilitated by fine-grained control of the simulation output, including the internal state of intermediate simulation blocks. In addition to its modularity, xifusim also allows the manipulation of certain internal parameters during a run, enabling the simulation of readout chain characterization measurements, environmental drifts or various kinds of crosstalk.
Published: 2022

10. The Athena X-ray Integral Field Unit: a consolidated design for the system requirement review of the preliminary definition phase

Author: Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Física, Ingeniería de Sistemas y Teoría de la Señal, Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Universitario de Física Aplicada a las Ciencias y las Tecnologías, Barret, Didier, Albouys, Vincent, den Herder, Jan-Willem, Piro, Luigi, Cappi, Massimo, Huovelin, Juhani, Kelley, Richard, Mas-Hesse, J. Miguel, Paltani, Stéphane, Rauw, Gregor, Rozanska, Agata, Bernard, Vivian, Berrocal, Alicia, Audard, Marc, Blin, Sylvie, Bonino, Donata, Frericks, Martin, Bonnet, François, Bonny, Patrick, Boorman, Peter, Ptak, Andy, Chaoul, Laurence, Boreux, Charles, Bounab, Ayoub, Boutelier, Martin, Boyce, Kevin, Brienza, Daniele, Bandler, Simon, Bruijn, Marcel, Gabici, Stefano, Bulgarelli, Andrea, Calarco, Simona, Raulin, Desi, Gloaguen, Emilie, Callanan, Paul, Prada Campello, Alberto, Camus, Thierry, Canourgues, Florent, Capobianco, Vito, Cardiel, Nicolas, Castellani, Florent, Barbera, Marco, Gant, Florent, Simionescu, Aurora, Cheatom, Oscar, Doumayrou, Eric, Chervenak, James, Chiarello, Fabio, Clerc, Laurent, Clerc, Nicolas, Cobo, Beatriz, Coeur-Joly, Odile, Coleiro, Alexis, Colonges, Stéphane, Torrejon, Jose M., Corcione, Leonardo, Gao, Jian-Rong, Puccetti, Simonetta, Barcons, Xavier, Coriat, Mickael, Coynel, Alexandre, Cuttaia, Francesco, D’Ai, Antonino, D’anca, Fabio, Dadina, Mauro, Acero, Fabio, Daniel, Christophe, Dauner, Lea, DeNigris, Natalie, Puccio, Elena, Gastaldello, Fabio, Dercksen, Johannes, Bozzo, Enrico, DiPirro, Michael, Genolet, Ludovic, Durkin, Malcom, van Leeuwen, Bert-Joost, Charles, Ivan, Ghizzardi, Simona, Alcacera Gil, M. Angeles, Giovannini, Elisa, Ramon, Pascale, Godet, Olivier, Gomez-Elvira, Javier, Gonzalez, Raoul, Gonzalez, Manuel, Gottardi, Luciano, Branduardi-Raymont, Graziella, Granat, Dolorès, Fioretti, Valentina, Gros, Michel, Costantini, Elisa, Guignard, Nicolas, Reina, Manuel, Hieltjes, Paul, Hurtado, Adolfo Jesús, Irwin, Kent, Jacquey, Christian, Ettori, Stefano, Janiuk, Agnieszka, Jaubert, Jean, Jiménez, Maria, Geoffray, Hervé, Jolly, Antoine, Jourdan, Thierry, Rioland, Guillaume, Dauser, Thomas, Julien, Sabine, Kedziora, Bartosz, Finoguenov, Alexis, Korb, Andrew, Kreykenbohm, Ingo, König, Ole, Langer, Mathieu, Laudet, Philippe, Jacques, Lionel, Laurent, Philippe, Rodriguez, Louis, Laurenza, Monica, Lesrel, Jean, Etcheverry, Christophe, Decourchelle, Anne, Ligori, Sebastiano, Lorenz, Maximilian, Luminari, Alfredo, Maffei, Bruno, Maisonnave, Océane, Marelli, Lorenzo, Kirsch, Christian, Roig, Anton, Massonet, Didier, Petit, Pascal, Maussang, Irwin, Melchor, Alejandro Gonzalo, Le Mer, Isabelle, Duband, Lionel, San Millan, Francisco Javier, Millerioux, Jean-Pierre, Mineo, Teresa, Minervini, Gabriele, Molin, Alexeï, Gatti, Flavio, Grosso, Nicolas, Smith, Stephen, Monestes, David, Montinaro, Nicola, Mot, Baptiste, Murat, David, Nagayoshi, Kenichiro, Duval, Jean-Marc, Nazé, Yaël, Noguès, Loïc, Pailot, Damien, Kaastra, Jelle, Rollet, Bertrand, Panessa, Francesca, Adams, Joseph, Parodi, Luigi, Roncarelli, Mauro, Dubbeldam, Luc, Hoogeveen, Ruud, Roudil, Gilles, Rudnicki, Tomasz, Sanisidro, Julien, Mazzotta, Pasquale, Sciortino, Luisa, Silva, Vitor, Sordet, Michael, Soto-Aguilar, Javier, Spizzi, Pierre, Goldwurm, Andrea, Dupieux, Michel, Surace, Christian, Svoboda, Jiri, Fernández Sánchez, Miguel, Miller, Jon, Taralli, Emanuele, Terrasa, Guilhem, Terrier, Régis, Todaro, Michela, Ubertini, Pietro, Uslenghi, Michela, Vaate, Jan Geralt Bijd de, Dupourqué, Simon, Vaccaro, Davide, den Hartog, Roland, Miniutti, Giovanni, van der Hulst, Paul, Varisco, Salvatore, Varnière, Peggy, Vibert, Laurent, Vidriales, María, Villa, Fabrizio, Vodopivec, Boris Martin, Volpe, Angela, Durand, Jean Louis, Vries, Cor de, Nicastro, Fabrizio, Wakeham, Nicholas, Walmsley, Gavin, Kiviranta, Mikko, Jackson, Brian, Wise, Michael, Wit, Martin de, Woźniak, Grzegorz, Jonker, Peter, Kilbourne, Caroline, Eckert, Dominique, Sciortino, Salvatore, Korpela, Seppo, Macculi, Claudio, Mendez, Mariano, Mitsuda, Kazuhisa, van der Kuur, Jan, Molendi, Silvano, Pajot, François, Pointecouteau, Etienne, Porter, Frederick, Pratt, Gabriel W., van Loon, Dennis, Eiriz, Valvanera, Prêle, Damien, Ravera, Laurent, Sato, Kosuke, Schaye, Joop, Shinozaki, Keisuke, Ledot, Aurélien, Skup, Konrad, Soucek, Jan, Thibert, Tanguy, Yamaguchi, Hiroya, Vink, Jacco, Ercolani, Eric, Webb, Natalie, Beaumont, Sophie, Piconcelli, Enrico, Ceballos, Maria Teresa, Cucchetti, Edoardo, D’Andrea, Matteo, Eckart, Megan, Ferrando, Philippe, Kammoun, Elias, Lotti, Simone, Mesnager, Jean-Michel, Natalucci, Lorenzo, Lyautey, Bertrand, Pinto, Ciro, Peille, Philippe, Doriese, William, de Plaa, Jelle, Ardellier, Florence, Argan, Andrea, Bellouard, Elise, Carron, Jérôme, Cavazzuti, Elisabetta, Fiorini, Mauro, Khosropanah, Pourya, Encinas Plaza, Jose Miguel, Martin, Sylvain, Parot, Yann, Finkbeiner, Fred, Perry, James, Pinsard, Frederic, Pradines, Alice, Rigano, Manuela, Roelfsema, Peter, Schwander, Denis, Torrioli, Guido, Plaza, Borja, Ullom, Joel, Vera, Isabel, Medinaceli Villegas, Eduardo, Fiocchi, Mariateresa, Sakai, Kazuhiro, Zuchniak, Monika, Brachet, Frank, Lo Cicero, Ugo, van Weers, Henk, Wilms, Joern, Fiore, Fabrizio, Abdoelkariem, Shariefa, Adam, Thomas, Adami, Christophe, Aicardi, Corinne, Fossecave, Hervé, Akamatsu, Hiroki, Merino Alonso, Pablo Eleazar, Amato, Roberta, André, Jérôme, Angelinelli, Matteo, Poyatos, David, Anon-Cancela, Manuel, Yamasaki, Noriko, Anvar, Shebli, Atienza, Ricardo, Attard, Anthony, Franssen, Philippe, Auricchio, Natalia, Balado, Ana, Bancel, Florian, Barusso, Lorenzo Ferrari, Prouvé, Thomas, Bascuñan, Arturo, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Física, Ingeniería de Sistemas y Teoría de la Señal, Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Universitario de Física Aplicada a las Ciencias y las Tecnologías, Barret, Didier, Albouys, Vincent, den Herder, Jan-Willem, Piro, Luigi, Cappi, Massimo, Huovelin, Juhani, Kelley, Richard, Mas-Hesse, J. Miguel, Paltani, Stéphane, Rauw, Gregor, Rozanska, Agata, Bernard, Vivian, Berrocal, Alicia, Audard, Marc, Blin, Sylvie, Bonino, Donata, Frericks, Martin, Bonnet, François, Bonny, Patrick, Boorman, Peter, Ptak, Andy, Chaoul, Laurence, Boreux, Charles, Bounab, Ayoub, Boutelier, Martin, Boyce, Kevin, Brienza, Daniele, Bandler, Simon, Bruijn, Marcel, Gabici, Stefano, Bulgarelli, Andrea, Calarco, Simona, Raulin, Desi, Gloaguen, Emilie, Callanan, Paul, Prada Campello, Alberto, Camus, Thierry, Canourgues, Florent, Capobianco, Vito, Cardiel, Nicolas, Castellani, Florent, Barbera, Marco, Gant, Florent, Simionescu, Aurora, Cheatom, Oscar, Doumayrou, Eric, Chervenak, James, Chiarello, Fabio, Clerc, Laurent, Clerc, Nicolas, Cobo, Beatriz, Coeur-Joly, Odile, Coleiro, Alexis, Colonges, Stéphane, Torrejon, Jose M., Corcione, Leonardo, Gao, Jian-Rong, Puccetti, Simonetta, Barcons, Xavier, Coriat, Mickael, Coynel, Alexandre, Cuttaia, Francesco, D’Ai, Antonino, D’anca, Fabio, Dadina, Mauro, Acero, Fabio, Daniel, Christophe, Dauner, Lea, DeNigris, Natalie, Puccio, Elena, Gastaldello, Fabio, Dercksen, Johannes, Bozzo, Enrico, DiPirro, Michael, Genolet, Ludovic, Durkin, Malcom, van Leeuwen, Bert-Joost, Charles, Ivan, Ghizzardi, Simona, Alcacera Gil, M. Angeles, Giovannini, Elisa, Ramon, Pascale, Godet, Olivier, Gomez-Elvira, Javier, Gonzalez, Raoul, Gonzalez, Manuel, Gottardi, Luciano, Branduardi-Raymont, Graziella, Granat, Dolorès, Fioretti, Valentina, Gros, Michel, Costantini, Elisa, Guignard, Nicolas, Reina, Manuel, Hieltjes, Paul, Hurtado, Adolfo Jesús, Irwin, Kent, Jacquey, Christian, Ettori, Stefano, Janiuk, Agnieszka, Jaubert, Jean, Jiménez, Maria, Geoffray, Hervé, Jolly, Antoine, Jourdan, Thierry, Rioland, Guillaume, Dauser, Thomas, Julien, Sabine, Kedziora, Bartosz, Finoguenov, Alexis, Korb, Andrew, Kreykenbohm, Ingo, König, Ole, Langer, Mathieu, Laudet, Philippe, Jacques, Lionel, Laurent, Philippe, Rodriguez, Louis, Laurenza, Monica, Lesrel, Jean, Etcheverry, Christophe, Decourchelle, Anne, Ligori, Sebastiano, Lorenz, Maximilian, Luminari, Alfredo, Maffei, Bruno, Maisonnave, Océane, Marelli, Lorenzo, Kirsch, Christian, Roig, Anton, Massonet, Didier, Petit, Pascal, Maussang, Irwin, Melchor, Alejandro Gonzalo, Le Mer, Isabelle, Duband, Lionel, San Millan, Francisco Javier, Millerioux, Jean-Pierre, Mineo, Teresa, Minervini, Gabriele, Molin, Alexeï, Gatti, Flavio, Grosso, Nicolas, Smith, Stephen, Monestes, David, Montinaro, Nicola, Mot, Baptiste, Murat, David, Nagayoshi, Kenichiro, Duval, Jean-Marc, Nazé, Yaël, Noguès, Loïc, Pailot, Damien, Kaastra, Jelle, Rollet, Bertrand, Panessa, Francesca, Adams, Joseph, Parodi, Luigi, Roncarelli, Mauro, Dubbeldam, Luc, Hoogeveen, Ruud, Roudil, Gilles, Rudnicki, Tomasz, Sanisidro, Julien, Mazzotta, Pasquale, Sciortino, Luisa, Silva, Vitor, Sordet, Michael, Soto-Aguilar, Javier, Spizzi, Pierre, Goldwurm, Andrea, Dupieux, Michel, Surace, Christian, Svoboda, Jiri, Fernández Sánchez, Miguel, Miller, Jon, Taralli, Emanuele, Terrasa, Guilhem, Terrier, Régis, Todaro, Michela, Ubertini, Pietro, Uslenghi, Michela, Vaate, Jan Geralt Bijd de, Dupourqué, Simon, Vaccaro, Davide, den Hartog, Roland, Miniutti, Giovanni, van der Hulst, Paul, Varisco, Salvatore, Varnière, Peggy, Vibert, Laurent, Vidriales, María, Villa, Fabrizio, Vodopivec, Boris Martin, Volpe, Angela, Durand, Jean Louis, Vries, Cor de, Nicastro, Fabrizio, Wakeham, Nicholas, Walmsley, Gavin, Kiviranta, Mikko, Jackson, Brian, Wise, Michael, Wit, Martin de, Woźniak, Grzegorz, Jonker, Peter, Kilbourne, Caroline, Eckert, Dominique, Sciortino, Salvatore, Korpela, Seppo, Macculi, Claudio, Mendez, Mariano, Mitsuda, Kazuhisa, van der Kuur, Jan, Molendi, Silvano, Pajot, François, Pointecouteau, Etienne, Porter, Frederick, Pratt, Gabriel W., van Loon, Dennis, Eiriz, Valvanera, Prêle, Damien, Ravera, Laurent, Sato, Kosuke, Schaye, Joop, Shinozaki, Keisuke, Ledot, Aurélien, Skup, Konrad, Soucek, Jan, Thibert, Tanguy, Yamaguchi, Hiroya, Vink, Jacco, Ercolani, Eric, Webb, Natalie, Beaumont, Sophie, Piconcelli, Enrico, Ceballos, Maria Teresa, Cucchetti, Edoardo, D’Andrea, Matteo, Eckart, Megan, Ferrando, Philippe, Kammoun, Elias, Lotti, Simone, Mesnager, Jean-Michel, Natalucci, Lorenzo, Lyautey, Bertrand, Pinto, Ciro, Peille, Philippe, Doriese, William, de Plaa, Jelle, Ardellier, Florence, Argan, Andrea, Bellouard, Elise, Carron, Jérôme, Cavazzuti, Elisabetta, Fiorini, Mauro, Khosropanah, Pourya, Encinas Plaza, Jose Miguel, Martin, Sylvain, Parot, Yann, Finkbeiner, Fred, Perry, James, Pinsard, Frederic, Pradines, Alice, Rigano, Manuela, Roelfsema, Peter, Schwander, Denis, Torrioli, Guido, Plaza, Borja, Ullom, Joel, Vera, Isabel, Medinaceli Villegas, Eduardo, Fiocchi, Mariateresa, Sakai, Kazuhiro, Zuchniak, Monika, Brachet, Frank, Lo Cicero, Ugo, van Weers, Henk, Wilms, Joern, Fiore, Fabrizio, Abdoelkariem, Shariefa, Adam, Thomas, Adami, Christophe, Aicardi, Corinne, Fossecave, Hervé, Akamatsu, Hiroki, Merino Alonso, Pablo Eleazar, Amato, Roberta, André, Jérôme, Angelinelli, Matteo, Poyatos, David, Anon-Cancela, Manuel, Yamasaki, Noriko, Anvar, Shebli, Atienza, Ricardo, Attard, Anthony, Franssen, Philippe, Auricchio, Natalia, Balado, Ana, Bancel, Florian, Barusso, Lorenzo Ferrari, Prouvé, Thomas, and Bascuñan, Arturo
Abstract: The Athena X-ray Integral Unit (X-IFU) is the high resolution X-ray spectrometer studied since 2015 for flying in the mid-30s on the Athena space X-ray Observatory. Athena is a versatile observatory designed to address the Hot and Energetic Universe science theme, as selected in November 2013 by the Survey Science Committee. Based on a large format array of Transition Edge Sensors (TES), X-IFU aims to provide spatially resolved X-ray spectroscopy, with a spectral resolution of 2.5 eV (up to 7 keV) over a hexagonal field of view of 5 arc minutes (equivalent diameter). The X-IFU entered its System Requirement Review (SRR) in June 2022, at about the same time when ESA called for an overall X-IFU redesign (including the X-IFU cryostat and the cooling chain), due to an unanticipated cost overrun of Athena. In this paper, after illustrating the breakthrough capabilities of the X-IFU, we describe the instrument as presented at its SRR (i.e. in the course of its preliminary definition phase, so-called B1), browsing through all the subsystems and associated requirements. We then show the instrument budgets, with a particular emphasis on the anticipated budgets of some of its key performance parameters, such as the instrument efficiency, spectral resolution, energy scale knowledge, count rate capability, non X-ray background and target of opportunity efficiency. Finally, we briefly discuss the ongoing key technology demonstration activities, the calibration and the activities foreseen in the X-IFU Instrument Science Center, touch on communication and outreach activities, the consortium organisation and the life cycle assessment of X-IFU aiming at minimising the environmental footprint, associated with the development of the instrument. Thanks to the studies conducted so far on X-IFU, it is expected that along the design-to-cost exercise requested by ESA, the X-IFU will maintain flagship capabilities in spatially resolved high resolution X-ray spectroscopy, enabling most of th
Published: 2023

11. Aspekte einer Mobil-Strategie

Author: Kirsch, Christian, Krueger, Oliver, Keuper, Frank, editor, Hamidian, Kiumars, editor, Verwaayen, Eric, editor, Kalinowski, Torsten, editor, and Kraijo, Christian, editor
Published: 2013
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12. The Athena X-IFU end-to-end simulator

Author: Kirsch, Christian, Lorenz, Maximilian, König, Ole, Dauner, Lea, Dauser, Thomas, Cucchetti, Edoardo, Peille, Philippe, Ceballos, Maria Teresa, Cobo, Beatriz, Acero, Fabio, Decourchelle, Anne, and Wilms, Jörn
Subjects: X-IFU, Simulator, SIXTE
Abstract: We present the implementation of the official simulator of the Athena X-IFU instrument within the SIXTE end-to-end simulation package. For the X-IFU, SIXTE implements all relevant physical effects that are necessary for a faithful representation of the imaging spectroscopy capabilities of the instrument. SIXTE can therefore be used to simulate X-IFU observations of point sources and extended sources, including sources with spatially variable spectral shapes and very bright sources. Examples of the microcalorimeter effects that are implemented are event grading and crosstalk. These effects cause the energy reconstruction of an X-ray event to be affected by photons impacting either on the same pixel or on different pixels coupled via the focal plane or the readout chain, respectively. The different types of crosstalk are parametrized using both laboratory data and physics simulations with the X-IFU instrument simulator xifusim. As a result of these effects, the X-IFU performance degrades for very bright sources. To mitigate this degradation, the simulator can be operated in different observation modes, such as the use of Be filters to block lower energy photons and a defocused mode, which spreads events from a point source over the whole detector.
Published: 2022
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13. The Athena WFI End-to-End Simulator

Author: Lorenz, Maximilian, Kirsch, Christian, König, Ole, Dauner, Lea, Dauser, Thomas, Rau, Arne, and Wilms, Jörn
Subjects: X-ray astronomy, WFI, Simulator, SIXTE, Athena
Abstract: We give an overview of the official Athena WFI instrument simulator implemented in the SIXTE end-to-end simulation toolkit. From a description of any astrophysical source, SIXTE simulates the entire detection pipeline of the Athena WFI to the final data product. The source description can consist of point sources and extended sources, including sources with spatially and temporally variable spectra and deep X-ray fields with thousands to millions of sources. The simulator aims to provide a representative model for the imaging and spectroscopic performance of the WFI to study and optimize the instrument's capabilities and scientific potential. The setup includes the essential detector and readout effects specific to the WFI DEPFET sensors, such as pile-up and charge cloud splitting. As an application, we present the WFI performance during observations of very bright sources where high incident photon rates can degrade the overall instrument performance.
Published: 2022
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14. SIXTE Simulations of the Perseus Cluster

Author: Dauner, Lea, Lorenz, Maximilian, Kirsch, Christian, König, Ole, Dauser, Thomas, Wilms, Jörn, and Sanders, Jeremy
Subjects: X-IFU, WFI, Simulator, SIXTE, Athena
Abstract: The SIXTE end-to-end simulator for X-ray astronomical instrument is fast and precise. SIXTE allows to model observations of X-ray sources with various instruments, including the WFI and the X-IFU, but also missions such as XMM-Newton or XRISM. With comparably little simulation time, SIXTE permits to take into account important effects such as the spatially varying point spread function, vignetting, dithering observations, and nonlinear detector effects including photon pile-up for the WFI or crosstalk for the X-IFU. The resulting output is compatible with standard X-ray astronomy data reduction pipelines. Using the Perseus cluster as an example, we will discuss simulations focusing on Athena's capabilities to explore the hot and energetic universe by contrasting its capabilities with those of other missions, including XRISM.
Published: 2022
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15. Pathogen Resistance Depending on Jacalin-Dirigent Chimeric Proteins Is Common among Poaceae but Absent in the Dicot Arabidopsis as Evidenced by Analysis of Homologous Single-Domain Proteins

Author: Esch, Lara, primary, Kirsch, Christian, additional, Vogel, Lara, additional, Kelm, Jana, additional, Huwa, Nikolai, additional, Schmitz, Maike, additional, Classen, Thomas, additional, and Schaffrath, Ulrich, additional
Published: 2022
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16. Cascade processing of wheat bran through a biorefinery approach

Author: Celiktas, Melih Soner, Kirsch, Christian, and Smirnova, Irina
Published: 2014
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17. The enhanced x-ray timing and polarimetry mission: eXTP: an update on its scientific cases, mission profile and development status

Author: Zhang, Shuang Nan, Santangelo, Andrea, Xu, Yupeng, Feroci, Marco, Hernanz, Margarita, Lu, Fangjun, Chen, Yong, Feng, Hua, Nandra, Kirpal, Jiang, Weichun, Svoboda, Jiri, Brandt, Søren, Schanne, Stéphane, Zand, Jean, Michalska, Malgorzata, Bozzo, Enrico, Kalemci, Emrah, Agudo, Ivan, Ahangarianabhari, Mahdi, Aitink-Kroes, Gabby, Ambrosi, Giovanni, Ambrosino, Filippo, An, Zhenghua, Perez Torres, Miguel Angel, Antonelli, Matias, Argan, Andrea, Babinec, Viktor, Baldini, Luca, Barbera, Marco, van Baren, Coen, Baudin, David, Bayer, Jörg, Bellazzini, Ronaldo, Bellutti, Pierluigi, Bertucci, Bruna, Bertuccio, Giuseppe, Bi, Xingzi, Boezio, Mirko, Bonvicini, Valter, Bonvicini, Walter, Bordas, Pol, Borghese, Alice, Borghi, Giacomo, Bouyjou, Florent, Bozkurt, Ayhan, Brez, Alessandro, Brienza, Daniele, Cadoux, Franck, Campana, Riccardo, Cao, Jiewei, Cao, Xuelei, Casares, Jorge, Cavazzuti, Elisabetta, Ceraudo, Francesco, Chen, Tianxiang, Chen, Wen, Chen, Can, Chen, Yupeng, Chen, Xin, Chen, Yehai, Chenevez, Jerome, Cheng, Yaodong, Cirrincione, Daniela, Civitani, Marta, Cong, Min, Zelati, Francesco Coti, Cui, Weiwei, Cui, Tao, Cui, Wei, Dai, Boyu, Dauser, Thomas, De Angelis, Nicolas, De Marco, Barbara, De Rosa, Alessandra, Monte, Ettore Del, Cosimo, Sergio Di, Diebold, Sebastian, Dilillo, Giuseppe, Ding, Fei, Dohnal, Roman, Dong, Zefang, Donnarumma, Immacolata, Dovciak, Michal, Du, Yuanyuan, Ducci, Lorenzo, Evangelista, Yuri, Fan, Qingmei, Favre, Yannick, Ferrés, Patrícia, Fiandrini, Emanuele, Ficorella, Francesco, Fuschino, Fabio, Gálvez, José Luis, Gao, Na, Gao, Min, Ge, Yuqiang, Ge, Mingyu, Gevin, Olivier, Grassi, Marco, Gu, Yudong, Gu, Quanying, Guan, Ju, Guedel, Manuel, Han, Xingbo, Han, Dawei, He, Huilin, He, Junwang, Hedderman, Paul, den Herder, Jan Willem, Hong, Bin, Hormaetxe, Ander, Hou, Dongjie, Hu, Zexun, Hu, Hao, Hu, Qingbao, Hu, Yu, Huang, Yue, Huang, Jiangjiang, Huang, Qiushi, Huo, Jia, Hynek, Richard, Iwasawa, Kazumi, Izzo, Lucca, Ji, Long, Jia, Shumei, Jiang, Bowen, Jiang, Wei, Jiang, Jiechen, Jiang, Xiaowei, Jiao, Yang, Jin, Ge, Jin, Fan, Jose, Jordi, Karas, Vladimir, Kennedy, Thomas, Kirsch, Christian, Kole, Merlin, Komarek, Martin, Kreykenbohm, Ingo, Kuiper, Lucien, Kuvvetli, Irfan, Labanti, Claudio, Latronico, Luca, Laubert, Phillip, Li, Tao, Li, Longhui, Li, Hong, Li, Duo, Li, Wei, Li, Maoshun, Li, Gang, Li, Xiaobo, Li, Chengkui, Li, Bing, Li, Haibo, Liang, Hong, Liao, Qiuyan, Liao, Jinyuan, Limousin, Olivier, Lin, Yanjian, Linares, Manuel, Liu, Rui, Liu, Yichen, Liu, Zhihao, Liu, Hongwei, Liu, Xiaojing, Liu, Xiaohua, Cicero, Ugo Lo, Loehring, Jens, Lombardi, Giovanni, Lorenz, Maximilian, Lu, Bing, Lucchesi, Leonardo, Luo, Tao, Luo, Laidan, Ma, Jia, Ma, Xiang, Macera, Daniele, Malcovati, Piero, Manfreda, Alberto, Paredes, Josep Maria, Marinucci, Andrea, Martindale, Adrian, Meidinger, Norbert, Mele, Filippo, Mendes, Vasco, Meng, Bin, Merkl, Martin, Meuris, Aline, Miniutti, Giovanni, Minuti, Massimo, Morbidini, Alfredo, Morgante, Gianluca, Muleri, Fabio, Munini, Riccardo, Mussolin, Lorenzo, Negri, Barbara, Nie, Jianyin, Novák, Petr, Nowosielski, Witold, Nuti, Alessio, Onat, Ahmet, Orleanski, Piotr, Orsini, Leonardo, Ottensamer, Roland, Ou, Ge, Pacciani, Luigi, Paltani, Stephane, Pan, Teng, Pan, Kai, Pareschi, Giovanni, Patruno, Alessandro, Pepponi, Giancarlo, Perinati, Emanuele, Piazzolla, Raffaele, Picciotto, Antonino, Piemonte, Claudio, Pinchera, Michele, Pliego, Samuel, Poutanen, Juri, Qi, Liqiang, Qi, Fazhi, Qiang, Pengfei, Qiao, Fangjian, Qiao, Zheng, Qiu, Xiangbiao, Qiu, Chengbo, Qu, Jinlu, Rachevski, Alexandre, Rashevskaia, Irina, Rea, Nanda, Ribo, Marc, de la Rie, Rob, Rodriguez, Jerome, Gil, Pablo Rodríguez, Sala, Gloria, Schanz, Thomas, Serafinelli, Roberto, Sgro, Carmelo, Shen, Zhengxiang, Sheng, Lizhi, Shi, Jingyan, Sironi, Giorgia, Skup, Konrad, Song, Liming, Song, Zeyu, Song, Jiangbo, Spandre, Gloria, Spiga, Daniele, Su, Yongquan, Sun, Liang, Sungur, Müberra, Svéda, Libor, Tagliaferri, Gianpiero, Tan, Ying, Tao, Lian, Tcherniak, Denis, Tenzer, Chris, Todaro, Michela, Tolos, Laura, Torok, Gabriel, Torres, Diego F., Trois, Alessio, Turhan, Onur, Uttley, Phil, Vacchi, Andrea, Virgilli, Enrico, Vogel, Channah, Walton, Dave, Wang, Jian, Wang, Xianqi, Wang, Bo, Wang, Langping, Wang, Xiaofeng, Wang, Dianlong, Wang, Yusa, Wang, Juan, Wang, Hao, Wang, Ruijie, Wang, Ping, Wang, Lingjun, Wang, Wenshuai, Wang, Tian, Wang, Haoyu, Wang, Zhanshan, Watts, Anna L., Wen, Xiangyang, Wilms, Jörn, Winter, Berend, Wu, Xin, Wu, Chao, Wu, Zhenyu, Wu, Qiong, Wu, Kaiji, Xiong, Hao, Xiong, Shaolin, Xu, Wei, Xu, Zhao, Xu, Jingjing, Xu, Xiongwei, Xue, Jiadai, Yan, Yongqing, Yan, Xingtao, Yang, Xianghui, Yang, Yanji, Yang, Xiongtao, Yang, Sheng, Yang, Jiawei, Yang, Yingquan, Yi, Shuxu, Yu, Yonggao, Yu, Ke, Zampa, Ganluigi, Zampa, Nicola, Zane, Silvia, Zdziarski, Andrzej A., Zhang, Long, Zhang, Shu, Zhang, Wenda, Zhang, Xiaoli, Zhang, Zhen, Zhang, Jiawei, Zhang, Fan, Zhang, Ziliang, Zhang, Dali, Zhang, Honglin, Zhang, Aimei, Zhang, Tong, Zhang, Hongmei, Zhang, Juan, Zhang, Liang, Zhang, Yueting, Zhao, Li, Zhao, Baosheng, Zhao, Zijian, Zhao, Xiaofan, Zhao, Haisheng, Zhao, Xiaoyun, Zheng, Shijie, Zhou, Yupeng, Zhou, Xiaohong, Zhu, Jiahuan, Zhu, Yuxuan, Zhu, Cheng, Zhu, Zhencai, Zorzi, Nicola, Zwart, Frans, den Herder, Jan-Willem A., Nikzad, Shouleh, Nakazawa, Kazuhiro, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology (Germany), and Foundation for Polish Science
Subjects: Equation of state, Extreme gravity, Black hole, X-ray timing, X-ray polarimetry, Neutron star, Extreme magnetism, Extreme density
Abstract: Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2022: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray (2022), Montreal, Jul 17-22, 2022.--Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering vol. 12181 Article number 121811W.-- Full list of authors: Zhang, Shuang-Nan; Santangelo, Andrea; Xu, Yupeng; Feroci, Marco; Hernanz, Margarita; Lu, Fangjun; Chen, Yong; Feng, Hua; Nandra, Kirpal; Jiang, Weichun; Svoboda, Jiri; Brandt, Soren; Schanne, Stephane; in't Zand, Jean; Michalska, Malgorzata; Bozzo, Enrico; Kalemci, Emrah; Agudo, Ivan; Ahangarianabhari, Mahdi; Aitink-Kroes, Gabby; Ambrosi, Giovanni; Ambrosino, Filippo; An, Zhenghua; Perez Torres, Miguel Angel; Antonelli, Matias; Argan, Andrea; Babinec, Viktor; Baldini, Luca; Barbera, Marco; van Baren, Coen; Baudin, David; Bayer, Joerg; Bellazzini, Ronaldo; Bellutti, Pierluigi; Bertucci, Bruna; Bertuccio, Giuseppe; Bi, Xingzi; Boezio, Mirko; Bonvicini, Valter; Bonvicini, Walter; Bordas, Pol; Borghese, Alice; Borghi, Giacomo; Bouyjou, Florent; Bozkurt, Ayhan; Brez, Alessandro; Brienza, Daniele; Cadoux, Franck; Campana, Riccardo; Cao, Jiewei; Cao, Xuelei; Casares, Jorge; Cavazzuti, Elisabetta; Ceraudo, Francesco; Chen, Tianxiang; Chen, Wen; Chen, Can; Chen, Yupeng; Chen, Xin; Chen, Yehai; Chenevez, Jerome; Cheng, Yaodong; Cirrincione, Daniela; Civitani, Marta; Cong, Min; Coti Zelati, Francesco; Cui, Weiwei; Cui, Tao; Cui, Wei; Dai, Boyu; Dauser, Thomas; De Angelis, Nicolas; De Marco, Barbara; De Rosa, Alessandra; Del Monte, Ettore; Di Cosimo, Sergio; Diebold, Sebastian; Dilillo, Giuseppe; Ding, Fei; Dohnal, Roman; Dong, Zefang; Donnarumma, Immacolata; Dovciak, Michal; Du, Yuanyuan; Ducci, Lorenzo; Evangelista, Yuri; Fan, Qingmei; Favre, Yannick; Ferres, Patricia; Fiandrini, Emanuele; Ficorella, Francesco; Fuschino, Fabio; Luis Galvez, Jose; Gao, Na; Gao, Min; Ge, Yuqiang; Ge, Mingyu; Gevin, Olivier; Grassi, Marco; Gu, Yudong; Gu, Quanying; Guan, Ju; Guedel, Manuel; Han, Xingbo; Han, Dawei; He, Huilin; He, Junwang; Hedderman, Paul; den Herder, Jan-Willem; Hong, Bin; Hormaetxe, Ander; Hou, Dongjie; Hu, Zexun; Hu, Hao; Hu, Qingbao; Hu, Yu; Huang, Yue; Huang, Jiangjiang; Huang, Qiushi; Huo, Jia; Hynek, Richard; Iwasawa, Kazumi; Izzo, Lucca; Ji, Long; Jia, Shumei; Jiang, Bowen; Jiang, Wei; Jiang, Jiechen; Jiang, Xiaowei; Jiao, Yang; Jin, Ge; Jin, Fan; Jose, Jordi; Karas, Vladimir; Kennedy, Thomas; Kirsch, Christian; Kole, Merlin; Komarek, Martin; Kreykenbohm, Ingo; Kuiper, Lucien; Kuvvetli, Irfan; Labanti, Claudio; Latronico, Luca; Laubert, Phillip; Li, Tao; Li, Longhui; Li, Hong; Li, Duo; Li, Wei; Li, Maoshun; Li, Gang; Li, Xiaobo; Li, Chengkui; Li, Bing; Li, Haibo; Liang, Hong; Liao, Qiuyan; Liao, Jinyuan; Limousin, Olivier; Lin, Yanjian; Linares, Manuel; Liu, Rui; Liu, Yichen; Liu, Zhihao; Liu, Hongwei; Liu, Xiaojing; Liu, Xiaohua; Lo Cicero, Ugo; Loehring, Jens; Lombardi, Giovanni; Lorenz, Maximilian; Lu, Bing; Lucchesi, Leonardo; Luo, Tao; Luo, Laidan; Ma, Jia; Ma, Xiang; Macera, Daniele; Malcovati, Piero; Manfreda, Alberto; Maria Paredes, Josep; Marinucci, Andrea; Martindale, Adrian; Meidinger, Norbert; Mele, Filippo; Mendes, Vasco; Meng, Bin; Merkl, Martin; Meuris, Aline; Miniutti, Giovanni; Minuti, Massimo; Morbidini, Alfredo; Morgante, Gianluca; Muleri, Fabio; Munini, Riccardo; Mussolin, Lorenzo; Negri, Barbara; Nie, Jianyin; Novak, Petr; Nowosielski, Witold; Nuti, Alessio; Onat, Ahmet; Orleanski, Piotr; Orsini, Leonardo; Ottensamer, Roland; Ou, Ge; Pacciani, Luigi; Paltani, Stephane; Pan, Teng; Pan, Kai; Pareschi, Giovanni; Patruno, Alessandro; Pepponi, Giancarlo; Perinati, Emanuele; Piazzolla, Raffaele; Picciotto, Antonino; Piemonte, Claudio; Pinchera, Michele; Pliego, Samuel; Poutanen, Juri; Qi, Liqiang; Qi, Fazhi; Qiang, Pengfei; Qiao, Fangjian; Qiao, Zheng; Qiu, Xiangbiao; Qiu, Chengbo; Qu, Jinlu; Rachevski, Alexandre; Rashevskaia, Irina; Rea, Nanda; Ribo, Marc; de la Rie, Rob; Rodriguez, Jerome; Rodriguez Gil, Pablo; Sala, Gloria; Schanz, Thomas; Serafinelli, Roberto; Sgro, Carmelo; Shen, Zhengxiang; Sheng, Lizhi; Shi, Jingyan; Sironi, Giorgia; Skup, Konrad; Song, Liming; Song, Zeyu; Song, Jiangbo; Spandre, Gloria; Spiga, Daniele; Su, Yongquan; Sun, Liang; Sungur, Muberra; Sveda, Libor; Tagliaferri, Gianpiero; Tan, Ying; Tao, Lian; Tcherniak, Denis; Tenzer, Chris; Todaro, Michela; Tolos, Laura; Torok, Gabriel; Torres, Diego F.; Trois, Alessio; Turhan, Onur; Uttley, Phil; Vacchi, Andrea; Virgilli, Enrico; Vogel, Channah; Walton, Dave; Wang, Jian; Wang, Xianqi; Wang, Bo; Wang, Langping; Wang, Xiaofeng; Wang, Dianlong; Wang, Yusa; Wang, Juan; Wang, Hao; Wang, Ruijie; Wang, Ping; Wang, Lingjun; Wang, Wenshuai; Wang, Tian; Wang, Haoyu; Wang, Zhanshan; Watts, Anna L.; Wen, Xiangyang; Wilms, Joern; Winter, Berend; Wu, Xin; Wu, Chao; Wu, Zhenyu; Wu, Qiong; Wu, Kaiji; Xiong, Hao; Xiong, Shaolin; Xu, Wei; Xu, Zhao; Xu, Jingjing; Xu, Xiongwei; Xue, Jiadai; Yan, Yongqing; Yan, Xingtao; Yang, Xianghui; Yang, Yanji; Yang, Xiongtao; Yang, Sheng; Yang, Jiawei; Yang, Yingquan; Yi, Shuxu; Yu, Yonggao; Yu, Ke; Zampa, Ganluigi; Zampa, Nicola; Zane, Silvia; Zdziarski, Andrzej A.; Zhang, Long; Zhang, Shu; Zhang, Wenda; Zhang, Xiaoli; Zhang, Zhen; Zhang, Jiawei; Zhang, Fan; Zhang, Ziliang; Zhang, Dali; Zhang, Honglin; Zhang, Aimei; Zhang, Tong; Zhang, Hongmei; Zhang, Juan; Zhang, Liang; Zhang, Yueting; Zhao, Li; Zhao, Baosheng; Zhao, Zijian; Zhao, Xiaofan; Zhao, Haisheng; Zhao, Xiaoyun; Zheng, Shijie; Zhou, Yupeng; Zhou, Xiaohong; Zhu, Jiahuan; Zhu, Yuxuan; Zhu, Cheng; Zhu, Zhencai; Zorzi, Nicola; Zwart, Frans, The enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry mission (eXTP) is a flagship observatory for X-ray timing, spectroscopy and polarimetry developed by an International Consortium. Thanks to its very large collecting area, good spectral resolution and unprecedented polarimetry capabilities, eXTP will explore the properties of matter and the propagation of light in the most extreme conditions found in the Universe. eXTP will, in addition, be a powerful X-ray observatory. The mission will continuously monitor the X-ray sky, and will enable multiwavelength and multi-messenger studies. The mission is currently in phase B, which will be completed in the middle of 2022. © 2022 SPIE. All rights reserved., The Chinese team acknowledges support by the Chinese Academy of Sciences through the Strategic Priority Research Program, Grant No. XDA15020100. The Italian authors acknowledge funding support by the Italian Space Agency (under agreement n. 2020-3-HH.0 and ASI-INAF n.2017-14-H.O) and INFN (project XRO -X-ray Observatories). The Spanish authors acknowledge funding support from the MICIN/AEI grant PID2019-108709GB-I00. The German team acknowledges support from the Bundesministerium fur Wirtschaft und Technologie through the Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft-und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR) under the grant number FKZ 50 OO 1902. The Polish team acknowledges FNP grant POIR.04.04.00-00-5C65/17. The Czech team acknowledges support from the GACR project 21-06825X. The Turkish team acknowledges support from the Turkish Space Agency., With funding from the Spanish government through the Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence accreditation SEV-2017-0709
Published: 2022
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18. The Crystal Structure of the Defense Conferring Rice Protein OsJAC1 Reveals a Carbohydrate Binding Site on the Dirigent-like Domain

Author: Huwa, Nikolai, primary, Weiergräber, Oliver H., additional, Fejzagić, Alexander V., additional, Kirsch, Christian, additional, Schaffrath, Ulrich, additional, and Classen, Thomas, additional
Published: 2022
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19. Comparison of pretreatment methods for rye straw in the second generation biorefinery: Effect on cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin recovery

Author: Perez-Cantu, Lilia, Schreiber, Andreas, Schütt, Fokko, Saake, Bodo, Kirsch, Christian, and Smirnova, Irina
Published: 2013
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20. X-ray detection of a nova in the fireball phase [Dataset]

Author: König, Ole, Wilms, Jörn, Arcodia, Riccardo, Dauser, T., Dennerl, Konrad, Doroshenko, V., Hämmerich, Steven, Kirsch, Christian, Kreykenbohm, Ingo, Lorenz, M., Malyali, Adam, Merloni, Andrea, Rau, Arne, Rauch, Thomas, Sala, Gloria, Schwope, Axel, Suleimanov, Valery, Weber, Philipp, Werner, Klaus, König, Ole, Wilms, Jörn, Arcodia, Riccardo, Dauser, T., Dennerl, Konrad, Doroshenko, V., Hämmerich, Steven, Kirsch, Christian, Kreykenbohm, Ingo, Lorenz, M., Malyali, Adam, Merloni, Andrea, Rau, Arne, Rauch, Thomas, Sala, Gloria, Schwope, Axel, Suleimanov, Valery, Weber, Philipp, and Werner, Klaus
Published: 2022

21. The enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry mission – eXTP:an update on its scientific cases, mission profile and development status

Author: den Herder, Jan-Willem A., Nikzad, Shouleh, Nakazawa, Kazuhiro, Zhang, Shuang Nan, Santangelo, Andrea, Xu, Yupeng, Feroci, Marco, Hernanz, Margarita, Lu, Fangjun, Chen, Yong, Feng, Hua, Nandra, Kirpal, Jiang, Weichun, Svoboda, Jiri, Brandt, Søren, Schanne, Stéphane, Zand, Jean, Michalska, Malgorzata, Bozzo, Enrico, Kalemci, Emrah, Agudo, Ivan, Ahangarianabhari, Mahdi, Aitink-Kroes, Gabby, Ambrosi, Giovanni, Ambrosino, Filippo, An, Zhenghua, Perez Torres, Miguel Angel, Antonelli, Matias, Argan, Andrea, Babinec, Viktor, Baldini, Luca, Barbera, Marco, van Baren, Coen, Baudin, David, Bayer, Jörg, Bellazzini, Ronaldo, Bellutti, Pierluigi, Bertucci, Bruna, Bertuccio, Giuseppe, Bi, Xingzi, Boezio, Mirko, Bonvicini, Valter, Bonvicini, Walter, Bordas, Pol, Borghese, Alice, Borghi, Giacomo, Bouyjou, Florent, Bozkurt, Ayhan, Brez, Alessandro, Brienza, Daniele, Cadoux, Franck, Campana, Riccardo, Cao, Jiewei, Cao, Xuelei, Casares, Jorge, Cavazzuti, Elisabetta, Ceraudo, Francesco, Chen, Tianxiang, Chen, Wen, Chen, Can, Chen, Yupeng, Chen, Xin, Chen, Yehai, Chenevez, Jerome, Cheng, Yaodong, Cirrincione, Daniela, Civitani, Marta, Cong, Min, Zelati, Francesco Coti, Cui, Weiwei, Cui, Tao, Cui, Wei, Dai, Boyu, Dauser, Thomas, De Angelis, Nicolas, De Marco, Barbara, De Rosa, Alessandra, Monte, Ettore Del, Cosimo, Sergio Di, Diebold, Sebastian, Dilillo, Giuseppe, Ding, Fei, Dohnal, Roman, Dong, Zefang, Donnarumma, Immacolata, Dovciak, Michal, Du, Yuanyuan, Ducci, Lorenzo, Evangelista, Yuri, Fan, Qingmei, Favre, Yannick, Ferrés, Patrícia, Fiandrini, Emanuele, Ficorella, Francesco, Fuschino, Fabio, Gálvez, José Luis, Gao, Na, Gao, Min, Ge, Yuqiang, Ge, Mingyu, Gevin, Olivier, Grassi, Marco, Gu, Yudong, Gu, Quanying, Guan, Ju, Guedel, Manuel, Han, Xingbo, Han, Dawei, He, Huilin, He, Junwang, Hedderman, Paul, den Herder, Jan Willem, Hong, Bin, Hormaetxe, Ander, Hou, Dongjie, Hu, Zexun, Hu, Hao, Hu, Qingbao, Hu, Yu, Huang, Yue, Huang, Jiangjiang, Huang, Qiushi, Huo, Jia, Hynek, Richard, Iwasawa, Kazumi, Izzo, Lucca, Ji, Long, Jia, Shumei, Jiang, Bowen, Jiang, Wei, Jiang, Jiechen, Jiang, Xiaowei, Jiao, Yang, Jin, Ge, Jin, Fan, Jose, Jordi, Karas, Vladimir, Kennedy, Thomas, Kirsch, Christian, Kole, Merlin, Komarek, Martin, Kreykenbohm, Ingo, Kuiper, Lucien, Kuvvetli, Irfan, Labanti, Claudio, Latronico, Luca, Laubert, Phillip, Li, Tao, Li, Longhui, Li, Hong, Li, Duo, Li, Wei, Li, Maoshun, Li, Gang, Li, Xiaobo, Li, Chengkui, Li, Bing, Li, Haibo, Liang, Hong, Liao, Qiuyan, Liao, Jinyuan, Limousin, Olivier, Lin, Yanjian, Linares, Manuel, Liu, Rui, Liu, Yichen, Liu, Zhihao, Liu, Hongwei, Liu, Xiaojing, Liu, Xiaohua, Cicero, Ugo Lo, Loehring, Jens, Lombardi, Giovanni, Lorenz, Maximilian, Lu, Bing, Lucchesi, Leonardo, Luo, Tao, Luo, Laidan, Ma, Jia, Ma, Xiang, Macera, Daniele, Malcovati, Piero, Manfreda, Alberto, Paredes, Josep Maria, Marinucci, Andrea, Martindale, Adrian, Meidinger, Norbert, Mele, Filippo, Mendes, Vasco, Meng, Bin, Merkl, Martin, Meuris, Aline, Miniutti, Giovanni, Minuti, Massimo, Morbidini, Alfredo, Morgante, Gianluca, Muleri, Fabio, Munini, Riccardo, Mussolin, Lorenzo, Negri, Barbara, Nie, Jianyin, Novák, Petr, Nowosielski, Witold, Nuti, Alessio, Onat, Ahmet, Orleanski, Piotr, Orsini, Leonardo, Ottensamer, Roland, Ou, Ge, Pacciani, Luigi, Paltani, Stephane, Pan, Teng, Pan, Kai, Pareschi, Giovanni, Patruno, Alessandro, Pepponi, Giancarlo, Perinati, Emanuele, Piazzolla, Raffaele, Picciotto, Antonino, Piemonte, Claudio, Pinchera, Michele, Pliego, Samuel, Poutanen, Juri, Qi, Liqiang, Qi, Fazhi, Qiang, Pengfei, Qiao, Fangjian, Qiao, Zheng, Qiu, Xiangbiao, Qiu, Chengbo, Qu, Jinlu, Rachevski, Alexandre, Rashevskaia, Irina, Rea, Nanda, Ribo, Marc, de la Rie, Rob, Rodriguez, Jerome, Gil, Pablo Rodríguez, Sala, Gloria, Schanz, Thomas, Serafinelli, Roberto, Sgro, Carmelo, Shen, Zhengxiang, Sheng, Lizhi, Shi, Jingyan, Sironi, Giorgia, Skup, Konrad, Song, Liming, Song, Zeyu, Song, Jiangbo, Spandre, Gloria, Spiga, Daniele, Su, Yongquan, Sun, Liang, Sungur, Müberra, Svéda, Libor, Tagliaferri, Gianpiero, Tan, Ying, Tao, Lian, Tcherniak, Denis, Tenzer, Chris, Todaro, Michela, Tolos, Laura, Torok, Gabriel, Torres, Diego F., Trois, Alessio, Turhan, Onur, Uttley, Phil, Vacchi, Andrea, Virgilli, Enrico, Vogel, Channah, Walton, Dave, Wang, Jian, Wang, Xianqi, Wang, Bo, Wang, Langping, Wang, Xiaofeng, Wang, Dianlong, Wang, Yusa, Wang, Juan, Wang, Hao, Wang, Ruijie, Wang, Ping, Wang, Lingjun, Wang, Wenshuai, Wang, Tian, Wang, Haoyu, Wang, Zhanshan, Watts, Anna L., Wen, Xiangyang, Wilms, Jörn, Winter, Berend, Wu, Xin, Wu, Chao, Wu, Zhenyu, Wu, Qiong, Wu, Kaiji, Xiong, Hao, Xiong, Shaolin, Xu, Wei, Xu, Zhao, Xu, Jingjing, Xu, Xiongwei, Xue, Jiadai, Yan, Yongqing, Yan, Xingtao, Yang, Xianghui, Yang, Yanji, Yang, Xiongtao, Yang, Sheng, Yang, Jiawei, Yang, Yingquan, Yi, Shuxu, Yu, Yonggao, Yu, Ke, Zampa, Ganluigi, Zampa, Nicola, Zane, Silvia, Zdziarski, Andrzej A., Zhang, Long, Zhang, Shu, Zhang, Wenda, Zhang, Xiaoli, Zhang, Zhen, Zhang, Jiawei, Zhang, Fan, Zhang, Ziliang, Zhang, Dali, Zhang, Honglin, Zhang, Aimei, Zhang, Tong, Zhang, Hongmei, Zhang, Juan, Zhang, Liang, Zhang, Yueting, Zhao, Li, Zhao, Baosheng, Zhao, Zijian, Zhao, Xiaofan, Zhao, Haisheng, Zhao, Xiaoyun, Zheng, Shijie, Zhou, Yupeng, Zhou, Xiaohong, Zhu, Jiahuan, Zhu, Yuxuan, Zhu, Cheng, Zhu, Zhencai, Zorzi, Nicola, Zwart, Frans, den Herder, Jan-Willem A., Nikzad, Shouleh, Nakazawa, Kazuhiro, Zhang, Shuang Nan, Santangelo, Andrea, Xu, Yupeng, Feroci, Marco, Hernanz, Margarita, Lu, Fangjun, Chen, Yong, Feng, Hua, Nandra, Kirpal, Jiang, Weichun, Svoboda, Jiri, Brandt, Søren, Schanne, Stéphane, Zand, Jean, Michalska, Malgorzata, Bozzo, Enrico, Kalemci, Emrah, Agudo, Ivan, Ahangarianabhari, Mahdi, Aitink-Kroes, Gabby, Ambrosi, Giovanni, Ambrosino, Filippo, An, Zhenghua, Perez Torres, Miguel Angel, Antonelli, Matias, Argan, Andrea, Babinec, Viktor, Baldini, Luca, Barbera, Marco, van Baren, Coen, Baudin, David, Bayer, Jörg, Bellazzini, Ronaldo, Bellutti, Pierluigi, Bertucci, Bruna, Bertuccio, Giuseppe, Bi, Xingzi, Boezio, Mirko, Bonvicini, Valter, Bonvicini, Walter, Bordas, Pol, Borghese, Alice, Borghi, Giacomo, Bouyjou, Florent, Bozkurt, Ayhan, Brez, Alessandro, Brienza, Daniele, Cadoux, Franck, Campana, Riccardo, Cao, Jiewei, Cao, Xuelei, Casares, Jorge, Cavazzuti, Elisabetta, Ceraudo, Francesco, Chen, Tianxiang, Chen, Wen, Chen, Can, Chen, Yupeng, Chen, Xin, Chen, Yehai, Chenevez, Jerome, Cheng, Yaodong, Cirrincione, Daniela, Civitani, Marta, Cong, Min, Zelati, Francesco Coti, Cui, Weiwei, Cui, Tao, Cui, Wei, Dai, Boyu, Dauser, Thomas, De Angelis, Nicolas, De Marco, Barbara, De Rosa, Alessandra, Monte, Ettore Del, Cosimo, Sergio Di, Diebold, Sebastian, Dilillo, Giuseppe, Ding, Fei, Dohnal, Roman, Dong, Zefang, Donnarumma, Immacolata, Dovciak, Michal, Du, Yuanyuan, Ducci, Lorenzo, Evangelista, Yuri, Fan, Qingmei, Favre, Yannick, Ferrés, Patrícia, Fiandrini, Emanuele, Ficorella, Francesco, Fuschino, Fabio, Gálvez, José Luis, Gao, Na, Gao, Min, Ge, Yuqiang, Ge, Mingyu, Gevin, Olivier, Grassi, Marco, Gu, Yudong, Gu, Quanying, Guan, Ju, Guedel, Manuel, Han, Xingbo, Han, Dawei, He, Huilin, He, Junwang, Hedderman, Paul, den Herder, Jan Willem, Hong, Bin, Hormaetxe, Ander, Hou, Dongjie, Hu, Zexun, Hu, Hao, Hu, Qingbao, Hu, Yu, Huang, Yue, Huang, Jiangjiang, Huang, Qiushi, Huo, Jia, Hynek, Richard, Iwasawa, Kazumi, Izzo, Lucca, Ji, Long, Jia, Shumei, Jiang, Bowen, Jiang, Wei, Jiang, Jiechen, Jiang, Xiaowei, Jiao, Yang, Jin, Ge, Jin, Fan, Jose, Jordi, Karas, Vladimir, Kennedy, Thomas, Kirsch, Christian, Kole, Merlin, Komarek, Martin, Kreykenbohm, Ingo, Kuiper, Lucien, Kuvvetli, Irfan, Labanti, Claudio, Latronico, Luca, Laubert, Phillip, Li, Tao, Li, Longhui, Li, Hong, Li, Duo, Li, Wei, Li, Maoshun, Li, Gang, Li, Xiaobo, Li, Chengkui, Li, Bing, Li, Haibo, Liang, Hong, Liao, Qiuyan, Liao, Jinyuan, Limousin, Olivier, Lin, Yanjian, Linares, Manuel, Liu, Rui, Liu, Yichen, Liu, Zhihao, Liu, Hongwei, Liu, Xiaojing, Liu, Xiaohua, Cicero, Ugo Lo, Loehring, Jens, Lombardi, Giovanni, Lorenz, Maximilian, Lu, Bing, Lucchesi, Leonardo, Luo, Tao, Luo, Laidan, Ma, Jia, Ma, Xiang, Macera, Daniele, Malcovati, Piero, Manfreda, Alberto, Paredes, Josep Maria, Marinucci, Andrea, Martindale, Adrian, Meidinger, Norbert, Mele, Filippo, Mendes, Vasco, Meng, Bin, Merkl, Martin, Meuris, Aline, Miniutti, Giovanni, Minuti, Massimo, Morbidini, Alfredo, Morgante, Gianluca, Muleri, Fabio, Munini, Riccardo, Mussolin, Lorenzo, Negri, Barbara, Nie, Jianyin, Novák, Petr, Nowosielski, Witold, Nuti, Alessio, Onat, Ahmet, Orleanski, Piotr, Orsini, Leonardo, Ottensamer, Roland, Ou, Ge, Pacciani, Luigi, Paltani, Stephane, Pan, Teng, Pan, Kai, Pareschi, Giovanni, Patruno, Alessandro, Pepponi, Giancarlo, Perinati, Emanuele, Piazzolla, Raffaele, Picciotto, Antonino, Piemonte, Claudio, Pinchera, Michele, Pliego, Samuel, Poutanen, Juri, Qi, Liqiang, Qi, Fazhi, Qiang, Pengfei, Qiao, Fangjian, Qiao, Zheng, Qiu, Xiangbiao, Qiu, Chengbo, Qu, Jinlu, Rachevski, Alexandre, Rashevskaia, Irina, Rea, Nanda, Ribo, Marc, de la Rie, Rob, Rodriguez, Jerome, Gil, Pablo Rodríguez, Sala, Gloria, Schanz, Thomas, Serafinelli, Roberto, Sgro, Carmelo, Shen, Zhengxiang, Sheng, Lizhi, Shi, Jingyan, Sironi, Giorgia, Skup, Konrad, Song, Liming, Song, Zeyu, Song, Jiangbo, Spandre, Gloria, Spiga, Daniele, Su, Yongquan, Sun, Liang, Sungur, Müberra, Svéda, Libor, Tagliaferri, Gianpiero, Tan, Ying, Tao, Lian, Tcherniak, Denis, Tenzer, Chris, Todaro, Michela, Tolos, Laura, Torok, Gabriel, Torres, Diego F., Trois, Alessio, Turhan, Onur, Uttley, Phil, Vacchi, Andrea, Virgilli, Enrico, Vogel, Channah, Walton, Dave, Wang, Jian, Wang, Xianqi, Wang, Bo, Wang, Langping, Wang, Xiaofeng, Wang, Dianlong, Wang, Yusa, Wang, Juan, Wang, Hao, Wang, Ruijie, Wang, Ping, Wang, Lingjun, Wang, Wenshuai, Wang, Tian, Wang, Haoyu, Wang, Zhanshan, Watts, Anna L., Wen, Xiangyang, Wilms, Jörn, Winter, Berend, Wu, Xin, Wu, Chao, Wu, Zhenyu, Wu, Qiong, Wu, Kaiji, Xiong, Hao, Xiong, Shaolin, Xu, Wei, Xu, Zhao, Xu, Jingjing, Xu, Xiongwei, Xue, Jiadai, Yan, Yongqing, Yan, Xingtao, Yang, Xianghui, Yang, Yanji, Yang, Xiongtao, Yang, Sheng, Yang, Jiawei, Yang, Yingquan, Yi, Shuxu, Yu, Yonggao, Yu, Ke, Zampa, Ganluigi, Zampa, Nicola, Zane, Silvia, Zdziarski, Andrzej A., Zhang, Long, Zhang, Shu, Zhang, Wenda, Zhang, Xiaoli, Zhang, Zhen, Zhang, Jiawei, Zhang, Fan, Zhang, Ziliang, Zhang, Dali, Zhang, Honglin, Zhang, Aimei, Zhang, Tong, Zhang, Hongmei, Zhang, Juan, Zhang, Liang, Zhang, Yueting, Zhao, Li, Zhao, Baosheng, Zhao, Zijian, Zhao, Xiaofan, Zhao, Haisheng, Zhao, Xiaoyun, Zheng, Shijie, Zhou, Yupeng, Zhou, Xiaohong, Zhu, Jiahuan, Zhu, Yuxuan, Zhu, Cheng, Zhu, Zhencai, Zorzi, Nicola, and Zwart, Frans
Abstract: The enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry mission (eXTP) is a flagship observatory for X-ray timing, spectroscopy and polarimetry developed by an International Consortium. Thanks to its very large collecting area, good spectral resolution and unprecedented polarimetry capabilities, eXTP will explore the properties of matter and the propagation of light in the most extreme conditions found in the Universe. eXTP will, in addition, be a powerful X-ray observatory. The mission will continuously monitor the X-ray sky, and will enable multiwavelength and multi-messenger studies. The mission is currently in phase B, which will be completed in the middle of 2022.
Published: 2022

22. X-ray detection of a nova in the fireball phase

Author: Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), König, Ole, Wilms, Jörn, Arcodia, Riccardo, Dauser, T., Dennerl, Konrad, Doroshenko, V., Hämmerich, Steven, Kirsch, Christian, Kreykenbohm, Ingo, Lorenz, M., Malyali, Adam, Merloni, Andrea, Rau, Arne, Rauch, Thomas, Sala, Gloria, Schwope, Axel, Suleimanov, Valery, Weber, Philipp, Werner, Klaus, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), König, Ole, Wilms, Jörn, Arcodia, Riccardo, Dauser, T., Dennerl, Konrad, Doroshenko, V., Hämmerich, Steven, Kirsch, Christian, Kreykenbohm, Ingo, Lorenz, M., Malyali, Adam, Merloni, Andrea, Rau, Arne, Rauch, Thomas, Sala, Gloria, Schwope, Axel, Suleimanov, Valery, Weber, Philipp, and Werner, Klaus
Abstract: Novae are caused by runaway thermonuclear burning in the hydrogen-rich envelopes of accreting white dwarfs, which leads to a rapid expansion of the envelope and the ejection of most of its mass. Theory has predicted the existence of a ‘fireball’ phase following directly on from the runaway fusion, which should be observable as a short, bright and soft X-ray flash before the nova becomes visible in the optical. Here we report observations of a bright and soft X-ray flash associated with the classical Galactic nova YZ Reticuli 11 h before its 9 mag optical brightening. No X-ray source was detected 4 h before and after the event, constraining the duration of the flash to shorter than 8 h. In agreement with theoretical predictions, the source’s spectral shape is consistent with a black-body of 3.27 × 10 K (28.2 eV), or a white dwarf atmosphere, radiating at the Eddington luminosity, with a photosphere that is only slightly larger than a typical white dwarf.
Published: 2022

23. X-ray detection of a nova in the fireball phase

Author: König, Ole, primary, Wilms, Jörn, additional, Arcodia, Riccardo, additional, Dauser, Thomas, additional, Dennerl, Konrad, additional, Doroshenko, Victor, additional, Haberl, Frank, additional, Hämmerich, Steven, additional, Kirsch, Christian, additional, Kreykenbohm, Ingo, additional, Lorenz, Maximilian, additional, Malyali, Adam, additional, Merloni, Andrea, additional, Rau, Arne, additional, Rauch, Thomas, additional, Sala, Gloria, additional, Schwope, Axel, additional, Suleimanov, Valery, additional, Weber, Philipp, additional, and Werner, Klaus, additional
Published: 2022
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24. Pathogen Resistance Depending on Jacalin-Dirigent Chimeric Proteins Is Common among Poaceae but Absent in the Dicot Arabidopsis as Evidenced by Analysis of Homologous Single-Domain Proteins.

Author: Esch, Lara, Kirsch, Christian, Vogel, Lara, Kelm, Jana, Huwa, Nikolai, Schmitz, Maike, Classen, Thomas, and Schaffrath, Ulrich
Subjects: CHIMERIC proteins, ARABIDOPSIS, GRASSES, POWDERY mildew diseases, ARABIDOPSIS thaliana, NICOTIANA benthamiana, BARLEY
Abstract: MonocotJRLs are Poaceae-specific two-domain proteins that consist of a jacalin-related lectin (JRL) and a dirigent (DIR) domain which participate in multiple developmental processes, including disease resistance. For OsJAC1, a monocotJRL from rice, it has been confirmed that constitutive expression in transgenic rice or barley plants facilitates broad-spectrum disease resistance. In this process, both domains of OsJAC1 act cooperatively, as evidenced from experiments with artificially separated JRL- or DIR-domain-containing proteins. Interestingly, these chimeric proteins did not evolve in dicotyledonous plants. Instead, proteins with a single JRL domain, multiple JRL domains or JRL domains fused to domains other than DIR domains are present. In this study, we wanted to test if the cooperative function of JRL and DIR proteins leading to pathogen resistance was conserved in the dicotyledonous plant Arabidopsis thaliana. In Arabidopsis, we identified 50 JRL and 24 DIR proteins, respectively, from which seven single-domain JRL and two single-domain DIR candidates were selected. A single-cell transient gene expression assay in barley revealed that specific combinations of the Arabidopsis JRL and DIR candidates reduced the penetration success of barley powdery mildew. Strikingly, one of these pairs, AtJAX1 and AtDIR19, is encoded by genes located next to each other on chromosome one. However, when using natural variation and analyzing Arabidopsis ecotypes that express full-length or truncated versions of AtJAX1, the presence/absence of the full-length AtJAX1 protein could not be correlated with resistance to the powdery mildew fungus Golovinomyces orontii. Furthermore, an analysis of the additional JRL and DIR candidates in a bi-fluorescence complementation assay in Nicotiana benthamiana revealed no direct interaction of these JRL/DIR pairs. Since transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing OsJAC1-GFP also did not show increased resistance to G. orontii, it was concluded that the resistance mediated by the synergistic activities of DIR and JRL proteins is specific for members of the Poaceae, at least regarding the resistance against powdery mildew. Arabidopsis lacks the essential components of the DIR-JRL-dependent resistance pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2023
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25. Biochemical and Initial Structural Characterization of the Monocot Chimeric Jacalin OsJAC1

Author: Huwa, Nikolai, Weiergräber, Oliver H., Kirsch, Christian, Schaffrath, Ulrich, and Classen, Thomas
Subjects: dirigent domain, QH301-705.5, Protein Stability, melting point, monocot chimeric jacalin, food and beverages, Oryza, Recombinant Proteins, Article, OsJAC1, Chemistry, Protein Domains, ddc:540, lectin, Protein Conformation, beta-Strand, Biology (General), Plant Lectins, carbohydrate-binding, QD1-999, Plant Proteins
Abstract: The monocot chimeric jacalin OsJAC1 from Oryza&nbsp, sativa consists of a dirigent and a jacalin-related lectin domain. The corresponding gene is expressed in response to different abiotic and biotic stimuli. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the basic function of the individual domains and their contribution to the physiological role of the entire protein. In this study, we have established a heterologous expression in Escherichia&nbsp, coli with high yields for the full-length protein OsJAC1 as well as its individual domains. Our findings showed that the secondary structure of both domains is dominated by β-strand elements. Under reducing conditions, the native protein displayed clearly visible transition points of thermal unfolding at 59 and 85 °C, which could be attributed to the lectin and the dirigent domain, respectively. Our study identified a single carbohydrate-binding site for each domain with different specificities towards mannose and glucose (jacalin domain), and galactose moieties (dirigent domain), respectively. The recognition of different carbohydrates might explain the ability of OsJAC1 to respond to different abiotic and biotic factors. This is the first report of specific carbohydrate-binding activity of a DIR domain, shedding new light on its function in the context of this monocot chimeric jacalin.
Published: 2021
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26. Biochemical and Initial Structural Characterization of the Monocot Chimeric Jacalin OsJAC1

Author: Huwa, Nikolai, primary, Weiergräber, Oliver H., additional, Kirsch, Christian, additional, Schaffrath, Ulrich, additional, and Classen, Thomas, additional
Published: 2021
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27. The Crystal Structure of the Defense Conferring Rice Protein Os JAC1 Reveals a Carbohydrate Binding Site on the Dirigent-like Domain.

Author: Huwa, Nikolai, Weiergräber, Oliver H., Fejzagić, Alexander V., Kirsch, Christian, Schaffrath, Ulrich, and Classen, Thomas
Subjects: CRYSTAL structure, BINDING sites, PHYTOPATHOGENIC microorganisms, CARBOHYDRATES, PLANT diseases
Abstract: Pesticides are routinely used to prevent severe losses in agriculture. This practice is under debate because of its potential negative environmental impact and selection of resistances in pathogens. Therefore, the development of disease resistant plants is mandatory. It was shown that the rice (Oryza sativa) protein OsJAC1 enhances resistance against different bacterial and fungal plant pathogens in rice, barley, and wheat. Recently we reported possible carbohydrate interaction partners for both domains of OsJAC1 (a jacalin-related lectin (JRL) and a dirigent (DIR) domain), however, a mechanistic understanding of its function is still lacking. Here, we report crystal structures for both individual domains and the complex of galactobiose with the DIR domain, which revealed a new carbohydrate binding motif for DIR proteins. Docking studies of the two domains led to a model of the full-length protein. Our findings offer insights into structure and binding properties of OsJAC1 and its possible function in pathogen resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2022
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28. Target evaluation of the non-coding csRNAs reveals a link of the two-component regulatory system CiaRH to competence control in Streptococcus pneumoniae R6

Author: Schnorpfeil, Anke, Kranz, Miriam, Kovács, Martá, Kirsch, Christian, Gartmann, Julia, Brunner, Ines, Bittmann, Sabrina, and Brückner, Reinhold
Published: 2013
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29. Universitätsbibliothek Dortmund 2.0

Author: Becker, Hans-Georg, primary, Hoepfner, Iris, additional, and Kirsch, Christian, additional
Published: 2010
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30. Investigating the effect of source contamination on eXTP/SFA

Author: Zhang, Juan, primary, Li, Gang, additional, Ge, Mingyu, additional, Kirsch, Christian, additional, Lorenz, Maximilian, additional, Wilms, Jörn, additional, Qi, Liqiang, additional, Sheng, Lizhi, additional, Yang, Yi-Jung, additional, Dauser, Thomas, additional, Xu, Yupeng, additional, Lu, Fangju, additional, Yang, Yanji, additional, Wang, Yusa, additional, and Chen, Yong, additional
Published: 2020
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31. Warm front end electronic modelization for the X-IFU ATHENA readout chain simulation

Author: Prêle, Damien, primary, Chen, Si, additional, Coleiro, Alexis, additional, Varniere, Peggy, additional, Peille, Philippe, additional, Ravera, Laurent, additional, and Kirsch, Christian, additional
Published: 2020
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32. The ATHENA X-ray Integral Field Unit (X-IFU)

Author: Barret, Didier, Thien Lam Trong, den Herder, Jan-Willem, Piro, Luigi, Cappi, Massimo, Huovelin, Juhani, Kelley, Richard, Mas-Hesse, J. Miguel, Mitsuda, Kazuhisa, Paltani, Stephane, Rauw, Gregor, Rozanska, Agata, Wilms, Joern, Bandler, Simon, Barbera, Marco, Barcons, Xavier, Bozzo, Enrico, Ceballos, Maria Teresa, Charles, Ivan, Costantini, Elisa, Decourchelle, Anne, den Hartog, Roland, Duband, Lionel, Duval, Jean-Marc, Fiore, Fabrizio, Gatti, Flavio, Goldwurm, Andrea, Jackson, Brian, Jonker, Peter, Kilbourne, Caroline, Macculi, Claudio, Mendez, Mariano, Molendi, Silvano, Orleanski, Piotr, Pajot, Francois, Pointecouteau, Etienne, Porter, Frederick, Pratt, Gabriel W., Prele, Damien, Ravera, Laurent, Sato, Kosuke, Schaye, Joop, Shinozaki, Keisuke, Thibert, Tanguy, Valenziano, Luca, Valette, Veronique, Vink, Jacco, Webb, Natalie, Wise, Michael, Yamasaki, Noriko, Delcelier-Douchin, Francoise, Mesnager, Jean-Michel, Pontet, Bernard, Pradines, Alice, Branduardi-Raymont, Graziella, Bulbul, Esra, Dadina, Mauro, Ettori, Stefano, Finoguenov, Alexis, Fukazawa, Yasushi, Janiuk, Agnieszka, Kaastra, Jelle, Mazzotta, Pasquale, Miller, Jon, Miniutti, Giovanni, Naze, Yael, Nicastro, Fabrizio, Sciortino, Salvatore, Simionescu, Aurora, Torrejon, Jose Miguel, Geoffray, Herve, Peille, Philippe, Aicardi, Corinne, Andre, Jerome, Garrido, Gonzalo Campos, Clenet, Antoine, Daniel, Christophe, Etcheverry, Christophe, Frezouls, Benot, Gloaguen, Emilie, Hervet, Gilles, Jolly, Antoine, Ledot, Aurelien, Maussang, Irwin, Paillet, Alexis, Schmisser, Roseline, Travert, Jean-Michel, Vella, Bruno, Damery, Jean-Charles, Boyce, Kevin, DiPirro, Michael, Lotti, Simone, Schwander, Denis, Smith, Stephen, van Leeuwen, Bert-Joost, van Weers, Henk, Clerc, Nicolas, Cobo, Beatriz, Dauser, Thomas, de Plaa, Jelle, Kirsch, Christian, Cucchetti, Edoardo, Eckart, Megan, Ferrando, Philippe, Natalucci, Lorenzo, European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles), High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI), DenHerder, JWA, Nikzad, S, Nakazawa, K, Department of Physics, Barret, Didier, Lam Trong, Thien, den Herder, Jan-Willem, Piro, Luigi, Cappi, Massimo, Houvelin, Juhani, Kelley, Richard, Mas-Hesse, J. Miguel, Mitsuda, Kazuhisa, Paltani, Stéphane, Rauw, Gregor, Rozanska, Agata, Wilms, Joern, Bandler, Simon, Barbera, Marco, Barcons, Xavier, Bozzo, Enrico, Ceballos, Maria Teresa, Charles, Ivan, Costantini, Elisa, Decourchelle, Anne, den Hartog, Roland, Duband, Lionel, Duval, Jean-Marc, Fiore, Fabrizio, Gatti, Flavio, Goldwurm, Andrea, Jackson, Brian, Jonker, Peter, Kilbourne, Caroline, Macculi, Claudio, Mendez, Mariano, Molendi, Silvano, Orleanski, Piotr, Pajot, Françoi, Pointecouteau, Etienne, Porter, Frederick, Pratt, Gabriel W., Prêle, Damien, Ravera, Laurent, Sato, Kosuke, Schaye, Joop, Shinozaki, Keisuke, Thibert, Tanguy, Valenziano, Luca, Valette, Véronique, Vink, Jacco, Webb, Natalie, Wise, Michael, Yamasaki, Noriko, Douchin, Françoise, Mesnager, Jean-Michel, Pontet, Bernard, Pradines, Alice, Branduardi-Raymont, Graziella, Bulbul, Esra, Dadina, Mauro, Ettori, Stefano, Finoguenov, Alexi, Fukazawa, Yasushi, Janiuk, Agnieszka, Kaastra, Jelle, Mazzotta, Pasquale, Miller, Jon, Miniutti, Giovanni, Naze, Yael, Nicastro, Fabrizio, Scioritino, Salavtore, Simonescu, Aurora, Torrejon, Jose Miguel, Frezouls, Benoit, Geoffray, Hervé, Peille, Philippe, Aicardi, Corinne, André, Jérôme, Daniel, Christophe, Clénet, Antoine, Etcheverry, Christophe, Gloaguen, Emilie, Hervet, Gille, Jolly, Antoine, Ledot, Aurélien, Paillet, Irwin, Schmisser, Roseline, Vella, Bruno, Damery, Jean-Charle, Boyce, Kevin, Dipirro, Mike, Lotti, Simone, Schwander, Deni, Smith, Stephen, Van Leeuwen, Bert-Joost, van Weers, Henk, Clerc, Nicola, Cobo, Beatriz, Dauser, Thoma, Kirsch, Christian, Cucchetti, Edoardo, Eckart, Megan, Ferrando, Philippe, Natalucci, Lorenzo, and Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (Belgique)
Subjects: Point spread function, Photon, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Field of view, Athena, Instrumentation, Space telescopes, X-ray Integral Field Unit, X-ray spectroscopy, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Condensed Matter Physics, Computer Science Applications1707 Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Applied Mathematics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Condensed Matter Physic, Large format, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, Telescope, Physics::Popular Physics, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia E Astrofisica, Optics, law, Physics::Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Spectral resolution, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, Spectrometer, business.industry, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Material, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, 115 Astronomy, Space science, Physics::History of Physics, Applied Mathematic, Space telescope, business
Abstract: Event: SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, 2018, Austin, Texas, United States., The X-IFU will be provided by an international consortium led by France, The Netherlands and Italy, with further ESA member state contributions from Belgium, Finland, Germany, Poland, Spain, Switzerland and two international partners from the United States and Japan: et al., The X-ray Integral Field Unit (X-IFU) is the high resolution X-ray spectrometer of the ESA Athena X-ray observatory. Over a field of view of 5’ equivalent diameter, it will deliver X-ray spectra from 0.2 to 12 keV with a spectral resolution of 2.5 eV up to 7 keV on ∼ 5” pixels. The X-IFU is based on a large format array of super-conducting molybdenum-gold Transition Edge Sensors cooled at ∼ 90 mK, each coupled with an absorber made of gold and bismuth with a pitch of 249 μm. A cryogenic anti-coincidence detector located underneath the prime TES array enables the non X-ray background to be reduced. A bath temperature of ∼ 50 mK is obtained by a series of mechanical coolers combining 15K Pulse Tubes, 4K and 2K Joule-Thomson coolers which pre-cool a sub Kelvin cooler made of a 3He sorption cooler coupled with an Adiabatic Demagnetization Refrigerator. Frequency domain multiplexing enables to read out 40 pixels in one single channel. A photon interacting with an absorber leads to a current pulse, amplified by the readout electronics and whose shape is reconstructed on board to recover its energy with high accuracy. The defocusing capability offered by the Athena movable mirror assembly enables the X-IFU to observe the brightest X-ray sources of the sky (up to Crab-like intensities) by spreading the telescope point spread function over hundreds of pixels. Thus the X-IFU delivers low pile-up, high throughput (< 50%), and typically 10 eV spectral resolution at 1 Crab intensities, i.e. a factor of 10 or more better than Silicon based X-ray detectors. In this paper, the current X-IFU baseline is presented, together with an assessment of its anticipated performance in terms of spectral resolution, background, and count rate capability. The X-IFU baseline configuration will be subject to a preliminary requirement review that is scheduled at the end of 2018., We acknowledge support from the Athena Science Study Team, the Athena Working Group Chairs, the Athena Topical Panel Chairs and the Topical Panel members in strengthening the X-IFU top level performance requirements. Particular thanks go to: E. Rasia, V. Biffi, S. Borgani and K. Dolag for providing cosmological hydrodynamic simulations of a cluster used to produce simulation of X-IFU observation presented in Fig. 2; P.T. O'Brien for assistance with Sect. 2.2.1, A.C. Fabian and C. Pinto for providing inputs for Figure 1. We also thank the ESA project team, and in particular Mark Ayre and Ivo Ferreira, for their work on the assessment of the ToO efficiency requirement. The Italian contribution to X-IFU is supported through the ASI contractn. 2015-046-R.0. XB, MTC and BC acknowledge nancial support by MINECO through grant ESP2014-53672-C3-1-P. A.R., P.O, and A.J. were supported by Polish NSC grants: 2015/17/B/ST9/03422 and 2015/18/M/ST9/00541. GR, ER, YN, and PJ acknowledges support by FNRS and Prodex (Belspo). This work was supported by the French Space Agency (CNES).
Published: 2018

33. One-Week Once-Daily Triple Therapy with Esomeprazole, Moxifloxacin, and Rifabutin for Eradication of Persistent Helicobacter pylori Resistant to Both Metronidazole and Clarithromycin

Author: Miehlke, Stephan, Schneider-Brachert, Wulf, Kirsch, Christian, Morgner, Andrea, Madisch, Ahmed, Kuhlisch, Eberhard, Haferland, Christian, Bästlein, Elke, Jebens, Claus, Zekorn, Christian, Knoth, Holger, Stolte, Manfred, and Lehn, Norbert
Published: 2008

34. Kommunikation zwischen Klinikärzten und Einweisern

Author: Berg, Franziska, Kirsch, Christian, Ohlenbusch-Harke, Theda, Sommer, Michael, and Eberlein-Gonska, Maria
Subjects: ddc: 610, 610 Medical sciences, Medicine
Abstract: Einleitung: Die Bedeutung der Zufriedenheit niedergelassener Ärzte, die Patienten in die Klinik einweisen, nimmt angesichts der Wettbewerbsverschärfung unter Kliniken zu. In verschiedenen Einweiser-Befragungen am Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden (UKD) ist die Zufriedenheit[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL], Gemeinsame Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Medizinische Ausbildung (GMA), des Arbeitskreises zur Weiterentwicklung der Lehre in der Zahnmedizin (AKWLZ) und der Chirurgischen Arbeitsgemeinschaft Lehre (CAL)
Published: 2019

35. Monitoring chronically ill patients using mobile technologies

Author: Kirsch, Christian, Mattingley-Scott, Mark, Muszynski, Christian, Schaefer, Franz, and Weiss, Christoph
Subjects: Wireless technology, Health care industry, Market trend/market analysis, Technology application, Chronically ill -- Care and treatment, Mobile communication systems -- Usage, Mobile communication systems -- Forecasts and trends, Wireless communication systems -- Usage, Wireless communication systems -- Forecasts and trends, Health care industry -- Technology application, Health care industry -- Services
Published: 2007

36. Relevance of Cytochrome P450 Polymorphisms in the Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Author: Kirsch, Christian, Morgner, Andrea, and Miehlke, Stephan
Published: 2006

37. Reliable detection of macrolide-resistant Helicobacter pylori via fluorescence in situ hybridization in formalin-fixed tissue

Author: Jüttner, Stefan, Vieth, Michael, Miehlke, Stephan, Schneider-Brachert, Wulf, Kirsch, Christian, Pfeuffer, Thilo, Lehn, Norbert, and Stolte, Manfred
Published: 2004
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38. Functionalised tetraarylstannanes Sn[C 6H 4-R] 4 (R=–CH(CH 2O) 2, –CHO, –COOH, –CHN–NH–C 6H 3-2,4-(NO 2) 2, –CH 2OH, –CO–NH–CH 2–COO–CH 3, –CH[N(C 2H 4) 2O] 2)

Author: Veith, Michael, Rammo, Andreas, Kirsch, Christian, Khemtémourian, Lucie, and Agustin, Dominique
Published: 2004
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39. A Prospective, Randomized Study of Quadruple Therapy and High-Dose Dual Therapy for Treatment of Helicobacter Pylori Resistant to Both Metronidazole and Clarithromycin

Author: Miehlke, Stephan, Kirsch, Christian, Schneider-Brachert, Wulf, Haferland, Christian, Neumeyer, Michael, Bästlein, Elke, Papke, Jens, Jacobs, Enno, Vieth, Michael, Stolte, Manfred, Lehn, Norbert, and Ekkehard, Bayerdörffer
Published: 2003

40. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori vacA, cagA and iceA genotypes in Nigerian patients with duodenal ulcer disease

Author: SMITH, STELLA I., KIRSCH, CHRISTIAN, OYEDEJI, KOLA S., ARIGBABU, ANTHONY O., COKER, AKITOYE O., BAYERDÖFFER, EKKEHARD, and MIEHLKE, STEPHAN
Published: 2002

41. SIXTE: a generic X-ray instrument simulation toolkit

Author: Dauser, Thomas, primary, Falkner, Sebastian, additional, Lorenz, Maximilian, additional, Kirsch, Christian, additional, Peille, Philippe, additional, Cucchetti, Edoardo, additional, Schmid, Christian, additional, Brand, Thorsten, additional, Oertel, Mirjam, additional, Smith, Randall, additional, and Wilms, Jörn, additional
Published: 2019
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42. ATHENA X-ray Integral Field Unit on-board event processor: analysis of performance of two triggering algorithms

Author: Cobo, Beatriz, Ceballos, María Teresa, Peille, Philippe, Mesnager, Jean-Michel, Wilms, Jörn, Dauser, T., Kirsch, Christian, Pinsard, Frédéric, Cara, Christophe, Gros, Michel, Ravera, Laurent, Bandler, S., Porter, Frederick, Kilbourne, Caroline, Sakai, Kazuhiro, Cobo, Beatriz, Ceballos, María Teresa, Peille, Philippe, Mesnager, Jean-Michel, Wilms, Jörn, Dauser, T., Kirsch, Christian, Pinsard, Frédéric, Cara, Christophe, Gros, Michel, Ravera, Laurent, Bandler, S., Porter, Frederick, Kilbourne, Caroline, and Sakai, Kazuhiro
Published: 2018

43. Efficacy and Safety of Budesonide, vs Mesalazine or Placebo, as Induction Therapy for Lymphocytic Colitis

Author: Miehlke, Stephan, primary, Aust, Daniela, additional, Mihaly, Emese, additional, Armerding, Peter, additional, Böhm, Günther, additional, Bonderup, Ole, additional, Fernández-Bañares, Fernando, additional, Kupcinskas, Juozas, additional, Munck, Lars Kristian, additional, Rehbehn, Kai-Uwe, additional, Nacak, Tanju, additional, Greinwald, Roland, additional, Münch, Andreas, additional, Stehlk, Jiri, additional, Rannem, Terje, additional, Bläker, Michael, additional, Böhm, Günter, additional, Hoesl, Mark, additional, Kirsch, Christian, additional, Madisch, Ahmed, additional, Meier, Eberhard, additional, Miehlke, Stephan, additional, Kiss, Gyula G., additional, Nagy, Ferenc, additional, Tulassay, Zsolt, additional, Zsigmond, Ferenc, additional, Kupcinskas, Limas, additional, Bouma, Gerd, additional, Pierik, Marieke, additional, Lucendo, Alfredo J., additional, Bohr, Johan, additional, Hellström, Per, additional, Lebrun, Barbro, additional, Lindberg, Greger, additional, Vigren, Lina, additional, Wielondek, Miroslav, additional, Krauss, Martin, additional, Dignass, Axel, additional, and Kruis, Wolfgang, additional
Published: 2018
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44. The ATHENA x-ray integral field unit (X-IFU)

Author: Barret, Didier, primary, den Herder, Jan-Willem, primary, Lam Trong, Thien, primary, Piro, Luigi, primary, Cappi, Massimo, primary, Houvelin, Juhani, primary, Kelley, Richard, primary, Mass-Hesse, Miguel, primary, Mitsuda, Kazuhisa, primary, Paltani, Stéphane, primary, Rauw, Gregor, primary, Rozanska, Agata, primary, Wilms, Joern, primary, Bandler, Simon, primary, Barbera, Marco, primary, Barcons, Xavier, primary, Bozzo, Enrico, primary, Ceballos, Maite, primary, Charles, Ivan, primary, Costantini, Elisa, primary, Decourchelle, Anne, primary, den Hartog, Roland, primary, Duband, Lionel, primary, Duval, Jean-Marc, primary, Fiore, Fabrizio, primary, Gatti, Flavio, primary, Goldwurm, Andrea, primary, Jackson, Brian, primary, Jonker, Peter, primary, Kilbourne, Caroline, primary, Macculi, Claudio, primary, Mendez, Mariano, primary, Molendi, Silvano, primary, Orleanski, Piotr, primary, Pajot, Francois, primary, Pointecouteau, Etienne, primary, Porter, Frédéric, primary, Pratt, Gabriel, primary, Prele, Damien, primary, Ravera, Laurent, primary, Sato, Kosuke, primary, Schaye, Joop, primary, Shinozaki, Keisuke, primary, Thibert, Tanguy, primary, Valenziano, Luca, primary, Valette, Véronique, primary, Vink, Jacco, primary, Webb, Natalie, primary, Wise, Michael, primary, Yamasaki, Noriko, primary, Douchin, Françoise, primary, Mesnager, Jean-Michel, primary, Pontet, Bernard, primary, Pradines, Alice, primary, Branduardi-Raymont, Graziella, primary, Bulbul, Esra, primary, Dadina, Mauro, primary, Ettori, Stefano, primary, Finoguenov, Alexis, primary, Fukazawa, Yasushi, primary, Janiuk, Agnieszka, primary, Kaastra, Jelle, primary, Mazzotta, Pasquale, primary, Miller, Jon, primary, Miniutti, Giovanni, primary, Naze, Yael, primary, Nicastro, Fabrizio, primary, Scioritino, Salavtore, primary, Simonescu, Aurora, primary, Torrejon, Jose-Miguel, primary, Frezouls, Benoit, primary, Geoffray, Hervé, primary, Peille, Philippe, primary, Aicardi, Corinne, primary, André, Jérôme, primary, Daniel, Christophe, primary, Clénet, Antoine, primary, Etcheverry, Christophe, primary, Gloaguen, Emilie, primary, Hervet, Gilles, primary, Jolly, Antoine, primary, Ledot, Aurélien, primary, Paillet, Irwin, primary, Schmisser, Roseline, primary, Vella, Bruno, primary, Damery, Jean-Charles, primary, Boyce, Kevin, primary, Dipirro, Mike, primary, Lotti, Simone, primary, Schwander, Denis, primary, Smith, Stephen, primary, Van Leeuwen, Bert, primary, van Weers, Henk, primary, Clerc, Nicolas, primary, Cobo, Beatriz, primary, Dauser, Thomas, primary, Kirsch, Christian, primary, Cucchetti, Edoardo, primary, Eckart, Megan, primary, Ferrando, Philippe, primary, and Natalucci, Lorenzo, primary
Published: 2018
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45. The performance of the ATHENA X-ray Integral Field Unit

Author: Peille, Philippe, primary, den Hartog, Roland H., primary, Geoffray, Hervé, primary, Mesnager, Jean-Michel, primary, Barbera, Marco, primary, Macculi, Claudio, primary, Wilms, Jörn, primary, Cucchetti, Edoardo, primary, Kirsch, Christian, primary, Pajot, François P., primary, Barret, Didier, primary, Piro, Luigi, primary, Lam-Trong, Thien, primary, Dauser, Thomas, primary, Lotti, Simone, primary, Bandler, Simon R., primary, Smith, Stephen J., primary, Jackson, Brian, primary, and den Herder, Jan-Willem, primary
Published: 2018
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46. ATHENA X-ray Integral Field Unit on-board event processor: analysis of performance of two triggering algorithms

Author: Cobo, Beatriz, primary, Ceballos, Maria Teresa, primary, Peille, Philippe, primary, Mesnager, Jean-Michel, primary, Wilms, Jörn, primary, Dauser, Thomas, primary, Kirsch, Christian, primary, Pinsard, Frederic, primary, Cara, Christophe, primary, Gros, Michel, primary, Ravera, Laurent, primary, Bandler, Simon R., primary, Porter, Frederick S., primary, Kilbourne, Caroline A., primary, and Sakai, Kazuhiro, primary
Published: 2018
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47. Structural characterisation of pretreated solids from flow-through liquid hot water treatment of sugarcane bagasse in a fixed-bed reactor

Author: Reddy, Prashant, Lekha, Prabashni, Reynolds, Wienke, and Kirsch, Christian
Published: 2015
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48. Für den liberalisierten Markt gerüstet

Author: Hüsser, Peter and Kirsch, Christian
Published: 2015
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49. The performance of the Athena X-ray Integral Field Unit.

Author: Peille, Philippe, den Hartog, Roland, Macculi, Claudio, Barbera, Marco, Lotti, Simone, Cucchetti, Edoardo, Kirsch, Christian, Dauser, Thomas, Wilms, Joern, Bandler, Simon R., Smith, Stephen J., Jackson, Brian, Geoffray, Hervé, Mesnager, Jean-Michel, Pajot, François, Barret, Didier, Lam-Trong, Thien, den Herder, Jan-Willem, and Piro, Luigi
Published: 2018
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50. Entwicklung, Herstellung und Charakterisierung eines bistabilen mikromechanischen Schaltaktors in Siliziumtechnik

Author: Kirsch, Christian and Seidel, Helmut
Subjects: Buckling, Mikromechanik, microfluidics, Mikrofertigung, Mikrofluidik, Mikrosystemtechnik, switch, Mikroaktor, MEMS, micromechanics, microactuator, Schalter, ddc:620, micro fabrication, microsystem technology
Abstract: Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Entwicklung, Fertigung und der Charakterisierung eines mikromechanischen Schaltaktors in Siliziumtechnik, der aufgrund seiner bistabilen Eigenschaft zwei unterschiedliche Ruhepositionen besitzt. Durch Energiezufuhr über eine integrierte Heizerstruktur kann dabei zwischen den beiden Ruhelagen umgeschaltet werden. Hauptaugenmerk wurde dabei auf die Anwendung etablierter mikrosystemtechnischer Herstellungsverfahren gelegt, um die Batchprozessierbarkeit und damit eine kostengünstige Herstellung zu ermöglichen. Der Schaltaktor besteht aus einer aus dem Bulk-Material herausgeätzen Siliziummembran, die durch eine unter speziellen Bedingungen abgeschiedene Wolframschicht unter Druckspannung versetzt wird. Dabei bildet sich aufgrund des Bucklingeffektes eine von der Höhe der Druckspannung abhängige Verwölbung mit zwei stabilen Zuständen (vgl. Knackfrosch), die durch thermopneumatische Aktivierung ineinander überführt werden können. Darauf basierend wird ein elektrischer Schalter hergestellt, mit Hilfe dessen die Praxistauglichkeit des Funktionsprinzips bewiesen und getestet wird. Daraus gewonnene Erkenntnisse führen zu einer verbesserten Variante des Schaltaktors, der ebenfalls gefertigt und charakterisiert wird. Neben den Funktionsprinzipien beschreibt diese Arbeit die genauen Herstellungsprozesse, die verwendeten Charakterisierungsmethoden sowie die Herleitung eines mathematischen Modells zur Verifikation und Optimierung des Schaltelements. This work reports on a bistable micro actuator which is fully compatible with MEMS processing methods and can be batch fabricated in a cost effective way. By supplying energy through an integrated heater structure a membrane can be switched between its two stable positions. The device setup includes a wet etched silicon membrane covered with a special sputter-deposited tungsten thin film layer, inducing a very high amount of compressive stress. This results in a deflection of the membrane and leads to a buckling behaviour with two stable positions, which can be transferred into each other by a thermopneumatic actuation principle. Based on this concept an electrical switch is designed and fabricated to prove and verify its practical suitability. Experiences gained from this prototype lead to an improved redesign which is also fabricated and characterized. The results are compared to an especially developed mathematical model together with FEM-simulations, yielding reliable predictions about the behaviour of the device depending on design parameters. All necessary fabrication and testing procedures are described in detail.
Published: 2014
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