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The present report describes a Windows based computer program called PALSfit3. The purpose of the program is to carry out analyses of spectra that have been measured by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS). PALSfit3 is based on the well tested PATFIT and PALS fit programs, which have been used extensively by the positron annihilation community. The present document describes the mathematical foundation of the PALSfit3 model as well as a number of features of the program. The cornerstones of PALSfit3 are two least squares fitting modules: POSITRONFIT and RESOLUTIONFIT. In both modules a model function will be fitted to a measured lifetime spectrum. This model function consists of a function representing the physics of the positron decay which is convoluted with the experimental time resolution function, plus a constant background. The ‘physics function’ consists of a sum of decaying exponentials each of which may be broadened by convolution with a log -normal lifetime distribution. The time resolution function is described by a sum of Gaussians which may be displaced with respect to each other. Various types of constraints may be imposed on the fitting parameters. In the POSITRONFIT module, the fitting parameters to be extracted from a measured spectrum are for each lifetime component its mean lifetime and its broadening as well as its intensity. A correction for positrons annihilating outside the sample can be made as part of the analysis. In the RESOLUTIONFIT module, parameters determining the shape of the time resolution function can be fitted. The extracted resolution function may then be used in POSITRONFIT. Graphics displays are provided to ease the selection of some of the input parameters and to display results of spectrum analysis. The results are also available in a text window. PALSfit3 is verified on Windows XP and Windows 7, 8 and 10. The PALSfit3 software can be acquired from the Technical University of Denmark (http://PALSfit.dk)

Stress ulcer prophylaxis (SUP) is commonly used in the intensive care unit (ICU), and is recommended in the Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines 2012. The present guideline from the Danish Society of Intensive Care Medicine and the Danish Society of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine sums up current evidence and gives clinical recommendations for SUP in the ICU. The GRADE approach was used for grading the evidence (www.gradeworkinggroup.org). In conclusion, existing meta-analyses have been underpowered to reach firm conclusions. We recommend not using SUP routinely for adult critically ill patients in the ICU outside the context of randomized controlled trials (GRADE 1C). No robust evidence supports recommendations for subpopulations in the ICU such as septic, burn, trauma, cardiothoracic or enterally fed patients. However, if SUP is considered clinically indicated in individual patients, we suggest using proton pump inhibitors over histamine-2-receptor antagonists (GRADE 2C).

The theoretical basis for determining the dissipation ε, by measuring the velocity structure function with a CW-laser anemometer has been derived in the case of calm wind conditions. If there is a well defined mean wind speed the structure function can be obtained by having the laser beam pointing in one direction and measure a time series of the Doppler wind velocity component along the beam. Applying Taylor’s hypothesis the structure function can be calculated. This technique was discussed by Kristensen et al. (2011). Taylor’s hypothesis cannot, however, be used if there is no mean wind.Then it is necessary to “create” a mean wind by turning the laser beam. Since the instrument is not moved the beam will describe a cone which could be a VAD-scanning. In any case the measured velocity components will not be parallel and this implies that the measured structure function will contain a term which is proportional to the total variance. The theoretical expression for the line-filtered structure function is derived in two equivalent ways, one in physical space and one in wave-number space, of which the last can be reliably evaluated by numerical integration. Also a practical approximate equation, derived in the physical space, is presented.

We have studied the velocity structure functions and spectra which can be determined by a CW-laser anemometer and a (pulsed) lidar anemometer. We have found useful theoretical expressions for both types of anemometers and compared their filtering of the alongbeam turbulent velocity. The purpose has been to establish a basis for remote determining of turbulence fine-structure in terms of the rate of dissipation of specific kinetic energy in the atmospheric boundary layer.

Artiklen indkredser historisk det halvt opløste genrebegreb 'tragedie' og diskuterer det i forhold til det mere modstandsdygtige og åbne begreb om det tragiske' som en særskilt modalitet. Det sker i sidste ende for at godtgøre, at også den moderne, avancerede krimi - in casu svenske Arne Dahls Europa Blues (2001) - kvalificerer til en sådan bestemmelse. Også krimien kan nærme sig en form for katharsis, ikke blot i narrativ forstand, som opklaringens vellykkethed, men snarere i en krydret stemning af heling og bevidshed om helingens sårbarhed. Som musik, som en sofistikeret, melankolsk blues-fornemmelse.

The theory of measuring the spectral coherence by means of a lidar anemometer has been outlined. It is based on the assumption that the turbulent velocity field can be considered statistically locally isotropic and on the validity of Taylor’s hypothesis. This implies that the longitudinal coherence cannot be predicted realistically. Special emphasis has been placed on the effect of line average along the beam. One section has been devoted to the effect of spectral aliasing, which may cause severe problems in the interpretation of measured data. This work is considered the theoretical background for the understanding of the coherences calculated on basis of real date.

Bidraget reflekterer over sammenhænge mellem to værker fra det musikalske og litterære område. Det drejer sig om Miles Davis' Kind of Blue fra 1959 og Arne Dahls krimi, Europa Blues fra 2001. Den grundlæggende indfaldsvinkel er det performative, den frie, men samtidigt disciplinerede musikalske/sproglige improvisation over et nøje fastlagt skelet af interne værkstrukturer og grundtemaer. I analyserne påvises det, hvorledes den tekstlige syntaks i hos romanens hovedpersoner er i smukkeste overensstemmelse med den musikalske syntaks i jazzmusikernes improvisationer, ligesom der påpeges klare analogier mellem de dialogformer, man finder i hhv. "Rikskriminalpolisens specialenhet för våldsbrot af international art" og The Miles Davis Sextet.

On the basis of Corrsin’s independence hypothesis, in conjunction with specific assumptions about the form of the distance-neighbour function, an equation is derived for twoparticle dispersion in isotropic turbulence with no mean motion. It is formulated in terms of the mean-square difference between the particle positions r 1(t1) and r2(t2) at arbitrary times t1 and t2 after the release of the particles with a given initial separation. Eddy removal and eddy decay are included with wave-number dependent time scales. The equation, which in general must be solved numerically, has been considered for the scale free k−5/3 energy spectrum as well as for the von K´arm´an spectrum. The model implies that only when the outer scale is infinite, i.e. in the limit where the energy spectrum is of the form k−5/3, will there be a Cεt 3 range of the mean-square separation between the two particles. In this limiting case it is possible to estimate the dimensionless Richardson- Obukhov constant C as a function of a dimensionless eddy-decay parameter. A reasonable choice of this parameter leads to a C-value of the order 1.

A Windows based computer program PALSfit has been developed for analysing positron lifetime spectra. The program is built upon the well tested PATFIT package. The present document describes the mathematical foundation of the PALSfit model as well as a number of features of the program. The two cornerstones in PALSfit are the following least-squares fitting modules: PositronFit, which extracts lifetimes and intensities from the measured lifetime spectra, and ResolutionFit, which determines the time resolution function from lifetime spectra that have been recorded for this purpose. The PALSfit software is available from Risø DTU (www.palsfit.dk ). At this web-site there are also links to test examples and hands-on description of the windows interface.

CHEMSIMUL is a computer program system for simulation of chemical kinetics. It can be used for modeling complex reactions in many contexts. CHEMSIMUL contains a translator module and a module for solving the resulting coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations, and it has a module for verifying the mass balance. Pulse radiolysis and irradiation chemistry can be studied, as well as chemistry of high level waste radiation where decaying isotopes and their affiliations are considered. Transport phenomena and heterogeneous chemistry can be simulated by using “exchange equations”. Such equations admit simulation of general dynamic systems, with or without chemistry. Other special features are Arrhenius calculation of reaction rates and tools for dealing with ionic strength. Standard chemistry notation is used in input files, and any number of reactions and reactants are accepted. Flexible graphical features with plot expressions are available. Besides quantities entering the differential equations it is also possible to work with “refreshable parameters”, which are defined by algebraic expressions. A discussion of the mathematical implementation is given. The main computer platform is theWindows PC. CHEMSIMUL is coded with a modern GUI (graphical user interface). However, a classical command-driven version is available, too. The two versions use a common format of the basic input file and of the output report

I perioden fra 1960 udsættes fortællingen som litterær fremstillingsform for en hidtil ukendt grad af mærkværdiggørelse og mistænkeliggørelse, men paradoksalt nok bliver dette startskuddet til en fornyelse af en sådan signifikans, at det kan hævdes, at fortællingen gennem de seneste årtier har oplevet et højdepunkt i Norden. Yderligere markerer den tidslige afgrænsning en epoke, hvor fortællingen overskrider sine snævre genrebegrænsninger: Den invaderer lyrikken på nye måder og udvides selv af en rivende udvikling inden for film, radio, tv, internet og computerspil. Og end ikke her ophører fortællingens domæne: Fortællingen udfolder sig ikke udelukkende på det litterære eller fiktive felt, også f.eks. historieskrivning og teologi betegner områder, hvor fortællingen opfattes som et stadigt væsentligere element. I det hele taget er fortællingen blevet et varmt emne, der udfordrer til megen kunstnerisk og videnskabelig kreativitet. Antologiens 57 indlæg stammer fra den 24. IASS-studiekonference på Aalborg Universitet primo august 2002.

This report deals with the confidence of the spectral coherence derived from a measured time series by a discrete Fourier transform. The estimated coherence will be based on a block averaging procedure, characterized by a certain number of degrees of freedom. A discussion is given of the significance of this number, and how many degrees of freedom are necessary to get a trustworthy sampling of the coherence. The study is carried out by utilizing the statistical results available for complex Gaussian product sums (Goodman statistics).