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Many studies have found that conservatives show an advantage in mental health and happiness and various causes of this have been debated (e.g., religiousness, ideology, or genetics). However, not much attention has been given to examining whether this advantage is psychometrically real, or whether it is due to test bias. We analyzed data from two large Finnish surveys of adults (Ns = 848 and 4,978) from Lahtinen (2024), that measured general anxiety and depression symptoms, as well as a new wokeness scale. Using differential item functioning tests, we found no evidence for measurement bias in these scales. The correlation between index scores of wokeness and mental health (internalizing) was −0.36, which increased to −0.41 when measurement error was removed. The association between wokeness and anxiety (r = −0.33, adjusted r = 0.37) was stronger than wokeness and depression (r = 0.20, adjusted r = 0.22). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have found a high degree of assortative mating for educational attainment (r =.56). However, this can be confounded by cohort effects or country effects, where certain nations may have more pronounced assortative mating than others. In addition, method variance regarding how educational attainment is measured may also result in heterogeneity of effect sizes. Effect sizes were gathered from various datasets and from academic literature, resulting in a large collection of effect sizes (k = 1498, n = 9,159,098), spanning 84 different countries. Assortative mating for educational attainment was stronger than what previous literature suggested (r =.66, [.64,.68]), largely due to the fact that assortative mating for educational attainment is stronger when latent methods are used. The strongest predictors of assortative mating for education between countries were individualism (r = −.61, p <.001) and HDI (r = −.56, p <.001). Assortative mating over time was found to vary by region. Capitalist Europe experienced an increase in assortative mating for education, while Communist Europe experienced a decrease. The United States had a non-linear trend in assortative mating for educational attainment, as it decreased from 1875 to 1926, increased from 1926 to 1945, decreased from 1945 to 1958, increased from 1958 to 1977, and decreased from 1977 onwards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have found that the ability of a country's cognitive elite is generally more predictive than the average ability. However, these studies have relied on sub-optimal methods. Here, the authors tested smart fraction theory, as it is known, using a pre-residualization approach, which obviates the problem of collinearity. For outcome variables, they utilised the 51 indicators of the Social Progress Index, as well as 6 economic variables. Like in previous research, the authors operationalized the ability of the intellectual class as the 95th percentile score. Consistent with smart fraction theory, they found evidence that the ability of the intellectual class does influence outcomes over and above that of the average ability. For the 93 countries with available data, average ability explained 57% of the variation in country performance. Adding the 95th percentile score increased this to 66%. The authors discuss their findings in light of the existing literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]