Search

Your search keyword '"Kirk Arndt"' showing total 39 results
Start Over Author "Kirk Arndt"
39 results on '"Kirk Arndt"'

1. A compact air cooling system for testing silicon detectors based on a vortex chiller

Author

Luigi Vigani, Daniel P. Weatherill, Kaloyan Metodiev, Daniela Bortoletto, Maria Mironova, Kirk Arndt, R. Plackett, Daniel Wood, and Ian Shipsey

Subjects
Chiller, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Silicon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Annealing (metallurgy), ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, chemistry.chemical_element, 01 natural sciences, GeneralLiterature_MISCELLANEOUS, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Air cooling system, 0103 physical sciences, Irradiation, Instrumentation, ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, Vortex, chemistry, Optoelectronics, business, Charged particle beam
Abstract

The testing of irradiated silicon detectors requires maintaining low ( ≤ -10 °C) temperatures, to simulate a realistic operating environment and prevent annealing effects from distorting the results of the measurement. Keeping a device cool and dry is challenging, particularly if the apparatus must be portable. This paper presents a solution for a providing a stable, cool and dry environment for testing an irradiated silicon detector, that is easy to transport and can be installed in charged particle beam areas and irradiation facilities.

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

2. Charge collection in irradiated HV-CMOS detectors

Author

Wen Yi Song, J. J. John, K. Kanisauskas, Jie Zhang, P. Phillips, Ivan Peric, Abraham Seiden, Gregor Kramberger, Ian Shipsey, Kirk Arndt, I. M. Gregor, Richard Nickerson, Martin Hoeferkamp, D. Su, Igor Mandić, Daniel Muenstermann, S. McMahon, Angelo Dragone, M. Buckland, F. Ehrler, D. Doering, Rui Wang, Marko Mikuž, Zhijun Liang, W. Fedorko, L. B. A. H. Hommels, Steven Worm, Jens Dopke, H. Zhu, Richard Bates, Sally Seidel, D. Das, R. Plackett, C. Tamma, F. F. Wilson, Philippe Grenier, H. M. X. Grabas, J. Segal, F. A. Di Bello, Francesco Rubbo, Renato Turchetta, Luigi Vigani, Marcel Michael Stanitzki, A. A. Affolder, P. Caragiulo, M R M Warren, Alexander Grillo, Vitaliy Fadeyev, Craig Buttar, C.J. Kenney, F. Martinez-Mckinney, Dzmitry Maneuski, Bojan Hiti, L. Ruckman, Todd Brian Huffman, Y. C. Han, Q. Xiu, Andrew Blue, J. Volk, Z. Galloway, Daniela Bortoletto, Mathieu Benoit, and Lingxin Meng

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Silicon, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, chemistry.chemical_element, Substrate (electronics), 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Fluence, Acceptor, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, Radiation damage, Optoelectronics, Irradiation, business, Instrumentation, Radiation hardening
Abstract

Active silicon detectors built on p-type substrate are a promising technological solution for large area silicon trackers such as those at the High Luminosity LHC, but the radiation hardness of this novel approach has to be evaluated. Active n-in-p strip detector prototypes CHESS2 for ATLAS with different substrate resistivities in the range of 20–1000 Ω cm were irradiated with neutrons and protons up to a fluence of 2 × 1 0 15 n eq cm − 2 and 3 . 6 × 1 0 15 n eq cm − 2 . Charge collection in passive test structures on the chip was evaluated using Edge-TCT and minimum ionising electrons from 90Sr. Results were used to assess radiation hardness of the detector in the given fluence range and to determine parameters of initial acceptor removal in different substrates.

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

3. Vera C. Rubin Observatory auxiliary telescope commissioning as a control system pathfinder

Author

Patrick J. Ingraham, Andy W. Clements, Tiago Ribeiro, Michael A. Reuter, Merlin Fisher-Levine, Joshua Hoblitt, Robert H. Lupton, Sandrine Thomas, Christopher W. Stubbs, Kirk Arndt, Nick Callahan, CHarles F. Claver, Franco Colleoni, Luis Corral, Peter Doherty, Frossie Economou, Angel Fausti, Tim Jeness, Htut Khine, Simon Krughoff, Nicholas Mondrik, Felipe Menanteau, David J. Mills, William O'Mullane, Kevin A. Reil, Mario Rivera, Brian Stalder, Jacques Sebag, Ian Shipsey, Roberto Tighe, Adam J. Thornton, Andres Villalobos, and Oliver Wiecha

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

4. Study of CMOS strip sensor for future silicon tracker

Author

Francesco Rubbo, P. Caragiulo, S. McMahon, Jie Zhang, F. A. Di Bello, F. Martinez-Mckinney, Bojan Hiti, Y. B. Chen, Luigi Vigani, H. Zhu, J. Segal, D. Su, Marcel Michael Stanitzki, Renato Turchetta, M R M Warren, C.J. Kenney, Sally Seidel, Richard Bates, Y. C. Han, Z. Galloway, Marko Mikuz, Craig Buttar, A. A. Affolder, Dzmitry Maneuski, Z. Liang, Abraham Seiden, I. M. Gregor, K. Kanisauskas, L. Ruckman, J. Volk, V. Fadeyev, Igor Mandić, Martin Hoeferkamp, Andrew Blue, Wen Yi Song, J. J. John, Q. Xiu, Gregor Kramberger, Angelo Dragone, Ian Shipsey, D. Doering, F. Ehrler, M. Buckland, H. M. X. Grabas, Alexander Grillo, Rui Wang, Ivan Peric, Peiliang Liu, W. Fedorko, L. B. A. H. Hommels, Philippe Grenier, Jens Dopke, P. Phillips, C. Tamma, Kirk Arndt, S. D. Worm, R. Plackett, F. F. Wilson, Richard Nickerson, W. Lu, Daniela Bortoletto, Mathieu Benoit, Todd Brian Huffman, Lingxin Meng, Daniel Muenstermann, and D. Das

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, costs, Hardware_PERFORMANCEANDRELIABILITY, High-Voltage CMOS, Monolithic silicon sensor, Tracking (particle physics), technology [semiconductor detector], Reticle, Electronic engineering, ddc:530, tracking detector, Instrumentation, spatial resolution, activity report, Diode, Physics, semiconductor detector: technology, Analogue electronics, business.industry, Detector, microstrip [semiconductor detector], Tracking system, Upgrade, CMOS, CHESS, semiconductor detector: microstrip, business, Large-area tracking system, performance
Abstract

12th International 'Hiroshima' Symposium on the Development and Application of Semiconductor Tracking Detectors, HSTD12, Hiroshima, Japan, 14 Dec 2019 - 18 Dec 2019; Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research / A 981, 164520 (2020). doi:10.1016/j.nima.2020.164520, Monolithic silicon sensors developed with High-Voltage CMOS (HV-CMOS) processes have become highly attractive for charged particle tracking. Compared with the standard CMOS sensors, HV-CMOS sensors can provide larger and deeper depletion regions that lead to larger signals and faster charge collection. They can provide high position resolution, low material budget, high radiation hardness and low cost that are desirable for high performance tracking in harsh collision environment. Various studies have been conducted to explore the technology feasibility for the large-area tracking systems at future collider experiments., Published by North-Holland Publ. Co., Amsterdam

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

5. An Electro - Optical Test System for Optimising Operating Conditions of CCD sensors for LSST

Author

Kirk Arndt, Daniel P. Weatherill, R. Plackett, and Ian Shipsey

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Computer science, Detector, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, Vibration, Telescope, law, 0103 physical sciences, Electronic engineering, Calibration, Optical test, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, AND gate
Abstract

We describe the commissioning of a system which has been built to investigate optimal operation of CCDs for the LSST telescope. The test system is designed for low vibration, high stability operation and is capable of illuminating a detector in flat-field, projected spot, projected pattern and Fe-55 configurations. We compare and describe some considerations when choosing a gain calibration method for CCDs which exhibit the brighter-fatter effect. An optimisation study on a prototype device of gain and full well with varying back substrate bias and gate clock levels is presented.

Published
2017

6. X-ray metrology of an array of active edge pixel sensors for use at synchrotron light sources

Author

Ian Shipsey, Nicola Tartoni, Kirk Arndt, G. Lockwood, R. Plackett, Steven Williams, I. Horswell, and Daniela Bortoletto

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, 030103 biophysics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, X-ray detector, FOS: Physical sciences, Edge (geometry), 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, law.invention, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), 03 medical and health sciences, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Medipix, Instrumentation, Physics, Pixel, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Synchrotron light source, Synchrotron, Metrology, Optoelectronics, business
Abstract

We report on the production of an array of active edge silicon sensors as a prototype of a large array. Four Medipix3RX.1 chips were bump bonded to four single chip sized Advacam active edge n-on-n sensors. These detectors were then mounted into a 2 by 2 array and tested on B16 at Diamond Light Source with an x-ray beam spot of 2um. The results from these tests, compared with optical metrology give confidence that these sensors are sensitive to the physical edge of the sensor, with only a modest loss of efficiency in the final two rows of pixels. We present the efficiency maps recorded with the microfocus beam and a sample powder diffraction measurement. These results give confidence that this sensor technology can be used in much larger arrays of detectors at synchrotron light sources., 11 pages, 12 figures

Published
2017

7. Modelling charge storage near full well in CCDs

Author

Ian Shipsey, Kirk Arndt, R. Plackett, and Daniel P. Weatherill

Subjects
Materials science, Pixel, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Charge (physics), Electrostatics, computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, Simulation software, 010309 optics, Semiconductor, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Radiation damage, Surface charge, business, Saturation (chemistry), Instrumentation, computer, Mathematical Physics
Abstract

The shape and size of the stored charge packet within a CCD pixel after exposure has implications for optimal device operation, susceptibility to radiation damage and modelling of dynamic charge collection effects such as the "Brighter-Fatter Effect". Above the full well capacity, phenomena such as bleed trails and surface charge loss occur. In this paper we discuss why accurately reproducing saturation effects in simulations based on electrostatics is difficult, and present an approach to modelling the storage of charge in CCD pixels using commercial semiconductor simulation software. We suggest experimental measurements which can be connected to such modelling. Full well measurements on a thick, high resistivity back illuminated sensor (the e2v CCD261) are presented.

Published
2017

8. Automatic selection of correlated double sampling timing parameters

Author

R. Plackett, Kaloyan Metodiev, Ian Shipsey, Daniel Wood, Kirk Arndt, Daniel P. Weatherill, Maria Mironova, Daniela Bortoletto, and Nicolas Demetriou

Subjects
Signal processing, Correlated double sampling, Pixel, Analogue electronics, Computer science, Noise (signal processing), business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Video processing, 01 natural sciences, Signal, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, 010309 optics, Signal-to-noise ratio, Space and Planetary Science, Control and Systems Engineering, Computer Science::Multimedia, 0103 physical sciences, Computer vision, Artificial intelligence, business, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation
Abstract

Correlated double sampling (CDS) is a process used in many charge-coupled device readout systems to cancel the reset noise component that would otherwise dominate. CDS processing typically consists of subtracting the integrated video signal during a “signal” period from that during a “reset” period. The response of this processing depends, therefore, on the shape of the video signal with respect to the integration bounds. In particular, the amount of noise appearing in the final image and the linearity of the pixel value with signal charge are affected by the choice of the CDS timing intervals. We use a digital CDS readout system which highly oversamples the video signal (as compared with the pixel rate) to reconstruct pixel values for different CDS timings using identical raw video signal data. We use this technique to develop insights into optimal strategy for selecting CDS timings both in the digital case (where the raw video signal may be available) and in the general case (where it is not). In particular, we show that the linearity of the CDS operation allows subtraction of the raw video signals of pixels in bias images from those in illuminated images to directly show the effects of CDS processing on the final (subtracted) pixel values.

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

9. Performance of CMS 3D silicon pixel detectors before and after irradiation

Author

Ian Shipsey, Ping Tan, E. Alagoz, A. Krzywda, L. Perera, Kirk Arndt, S. Terzo, G.-F. Dalla Betta, Luigi Moroni, Gino Bolla, A. Prosser, Ada Solano, Ryan Rivera, Richard Brosius, Simon Kwan, M. Bubna, Mauro Emanuele Dinardo, Ashok Kumar, C.M. Lei, J. Ngadiuba, Maurizio Boscardin, Frank Jensen, J. Andresen, Maria Margherita Obertino, M. Povoli, Ilya Osipenkov, Stephen Robert Wagner, Daniela Bortoletto, Dario Menasce, Lorenzo Uplegger, and A. Vilela Pereira

Subjects
Radiation hardness, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Large Hadron Collider, Spectrometer, Silicon, CMS, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Detector, chemistry.chemical_element, Particle detector, Semiconductor detector, chemistry, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Optoelectronics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, 3D silicon pixel detector, business, Instrumentation, Radiation hardening, Beam (structure)
Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) silicon detectors are emerging as one of the most promising technologies for the innermost layers of tracking devices for the foreseen upgrades of the LHC. 3D sensors compatible with the CMS readout, fabricated at FBK (Trento, Italy), were tested in the laboratory and with a 120 GeV/c proton beam at the FNAL test beam facility, before and after irradiation up to a fluence of 3.5 × 10 neq / cm. Preliminary results of the data analysis are presented. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.

Published
2013
Full Text
View/download PDF

10. The CHESS-2 prototype in AMS 0.35 μm process: A high voltage CMOS monolithic sensor for ATLAS upgrade

Author

Luigi Vigani, Marcel Michael Stanitzki, P. Phillips, Richard Nickerson, H. Zhu, Richard Bates, Marko Mikuz, Gunther Haller, I. P. J. Shipsey, Zhijun Liang, Sally Seidel, J. J. John, Kirk Arndt, Rui Wang, S. D. Worm, Bojan Markovic, L. B. A. H. Hommels, Gregor Kramberger, R. Plackett, S. McMahon, Angelo Dragone, F. Ehrler, F. F. Wilson, J. Volk, J. Segal, Z. Galloway, Xiaobin Xu, Abraham Seiden, I. M. Gregor, Francesco Rubbo, Wen Yi Song, C.J. Kenney, Craig Buttar, Dzmitry Maneuski, Daniel Muenstermann, P. Caragiulo, Jens Dopke, D. Das, Andrew Blue, A. A. Affolder, Igor Mandić, M. Buckland, Philippe Grenier, F. A. Di Bello, Martin Hoeferkamp, M R M Warren, F. Martinez-Mckinney, Bojan Hiti, Ivan Peric, K. Kanisauskas, Q. Xiu, Alexander Grillo, Todd Brian Huffman, C. Tamma, Vitaliy Fadeyev, Renato Turchetta, D. Su, Jie Zhang, Daniela Bortoletto, Mathieu Benoit, Lingxin Meng, and H. M. X. Grabas

Subjects
Signal processing, Engineering, Pixel, Comparator, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, Electrical engineering, STRIPS, 01 natural sciences, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, CMOS, Application-specific integrated circuit, Transmission (telecommunications), law, 0103 physical sciences, business, Computer hardware, Voltage
Abstract

CHESS-2 (CMOS HV Evaluation for Strip Sensors) is a novel ASIC strip architecture designed to investigate the feasibility of using HV-CMOS MAPS (Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors) as alternative sensors for the ATLAS Phase-II Strip Tracker Upgrade. The ASIC is optimized for signal processing, hit pixel position encoding and readout. CHESS-2 includes three independent groups of 128 strips composed of 32 pixels each. The pixel includes a charge sensitive amplifier and the first stage of a comparator inside the collecting well. The second stage, the configuration, the encoding and the readout sections are placed at the periphery of the strips. A novel “fast skip” hit encoding logic identifies the first 8 hit pixel positions with a single-bunch time resolution (25 ns) and sends the data to a fast readout circuitry for serialization and transmission on 14 LVDS channels at 320 MHz. Several substrate resistivity variants have been fabricated for a full characterization of the performance aspects.

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

11. Investigation of HV/HR-CMOS technology for the ATLAS Phase-II Strip Tracker Upgrade

Author

V. Fadeyev, D. Das, F. A. Di Bello, Ian Shipsey, M. Buckland, M R M Warren, Ivan Peric, D. Su, Gregor Kramberger, Daniela Bortoletto, Kirk Arndt, Jie Zhang, Mathieu Benoit, Zhijun Liang, Martin Hoeferkamp, Z. Galloway, Wen Yi Song, Luigi Vigani, L. B. A. H. Hommels, Igor Mandić, C.J. Kenney, Philippe Grenier, Abraham Seiden, I. M. Gregor, Marcel Michael Stanitzki, Rui Wang, Sally Seidel, Angelo Dragone, F. Ehrler, K. Kanisauskas, Francesco Rubbo, P. Caragiulo, Alexander Grillo, S. McMahon, C. Tamma, H. M. X. Grabas, Richard Bates, Hongbo Zhu, Andrew Blue, S. D. Worm, Lingxin Meng, J. Segal, Marko Mikuž, R. Plackett, F. F. Wilson, Q. Xiu, Richard Nickerson, Renato Turchetta, Jens Dopke, Craig Buttar, Dzmitry Maneuski, J. J. John, F. Martinez-Mckinney, J. Volk, Todd Brian Huffman, A. A. Affolder, P. Phillips, and Daniel Muenstermann

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, 01 natural sciences, damage [radiation], upgrade [tracking detector], technology [semiconductor detector], semiconductor detector: pixel, 0103 physical sciences, Electronic engineering, ddc:530, spatial resolution, Instrumentation, Image resolution, Radiation hardening, radiation: damage, pixel [semiconductor detector], 010302 applied physics, Physics, yield [charge], semiconductor detector: technology, Pixel, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, tracking detector: upgrade, charge: yield, Detector, microstrip [semiconductor detector], ATLAS, Chip, Upgrade, CMOS, electronics: readout, semiconductor detector: microstrip, readout [electronics], performance, Voltage
Abstract

Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research / A 831, 189 - 196(2016). doi:10.1016/j.nima.2016.05.092, ATLAS has formed strip CMOS project to study the use of CMOS MAPS devices as silicon strip sensors for the Phase-II Strip Tracker Upgrade. This choice of sensors promises several advantages over the conventional baseline design, such as better resolution, less material in the tracking volume, and faster construction speed. At the same time, many design features of the sensors are driven by the requirement of minimizing the impact on the rest of the detector. Hence the target devices feature long pixels which are grouped to form a virtual strip with binary-encoded z position. The key performance aspects are radiation hardness compatibility with HL-LHC environment, as well as extraction of the full hit position with full-reticle readout architecture. To date, several test chips have been submitted using two different CMOS technologies. The AMS 350 nm is a high voltage CMOS process (HV-CMOS), that features the sensor bias of up to 120 V. The TowerJazz 180 nm high resistivity CMOS process (HR-CMOS) uses a high resistivity epitaxial layer to provide the depletion region on top of the substrate. We have evaluated passive pixel performance, and charge collection projections. The results strongly support the radiation tolerance of these devices to radiation dose of the HL-LHC in the strip tracker region. We also describe design features for the next chip submission that are motivated by our technology evaluation., Published by North-Holland Publ. Co., Amsterdam

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

12. Study of built-in amplifier performance on HV-CMOS sensor for the ATLAS phase-II strip tracker upgrade

Author

Abraham Seiden, Luigi Vigani, D. Su, J. Kramberger, Ian Shipsey, M. Buckland, Wen Yi Song, F. Martinez-Mckinney, Zhijun Liang, K. Kanisauskas, Renato Turchetta, Daniela Bortoletto, Kirk Arndt, B T Huffman, Mathieu Benoit, M. M. Stanitzki, Jie Zhang, P. Grenier, S. McMahon, F. Rubbo, C.J. Kenney, S. D. Worm, Lingxin Meng, Craig Buttar, Dzmitry Maneuski, Marko Mikuž, J. J. John, Q. Xiu, R. Plackett, Sally Seidel, H. M. X. Grabas, Rui Wang, I. M. Gregor, F. F. Wilson, L. B. A. H. Hommels, A. A. Grillo, Z. Galloway, Igor Mandić, J. Dopke, Hongbo Zhu, Ivan Peric, V. Fadeyev, F. A. Di Bello, Richard Bates, D. Das, M R M Warren, Martin Hoeferkamp, A. A. Affolder, P. Phillips, J. Volk, J. Segal, P. Caragiulo, Angelo Dragone, F. Ehrler, Andrew Blue, C. Tamma, D. Muenstermann, and R. B. Nickerson

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, CMOS sensor, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Amplifier, Electrical engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Hardware_PERFORMANCEANDRELIABILITY, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Chip, 01 natural sciences, Noise (electronics), Signal-to-noise ratio, CMOS, Hardware_GENERAL, 0103 physical sciences, Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS, Instrumentation amplifier, 0210 nano-technology, business, Instrumentation, Radiation hardening
Abstract

This paper focuses on the performance of analog readout electronics (built-in amplifier) integrated on the high-voltage (HV) CMOS silicon sensor chip, as well as its radiation hardness. Since the total collected charge from minimum ionizing particle (MIP) for the CMOS sensor is 10 times lower than for a conventional planar sensor, it is crucial to integrate a low noise built-in amplifier on the sensor chip to improve the signal to noise ratio of the system. As part of the investigation for the ATLAS strip detector upgrade, a test chip that comprises several pixel arrays with different geometries, as well as standalone built-in amplifiers and built-in amplifiers in pixel arrays has been fabricated in a 0.35 μm high-voltage CMOS process. Measurements of the gain and the noise of both the standalone amplifiers and built-in amplifiers in pixel arrays were performed before and after gamma radiation of up to 60 Mrad. Of special interest is the variation of the noise as a function of the sensor capacitance. We optimized the configuration of the amplifier for a fast rise time to adapt to the LHC bunch crossing period of 25 ns, and measured the timing characteristics including jitter. Our results indicate an adequate amplifier performance for monolithic structures used in HV-CMOS technology. The results have been incorporated in the next submission of a large-structure chip.

Published
2016

13. Charge collection studies in irradiated HV-CMOS particle detectors

Author

Ian Shipsey, R. Plackett, F. F. Wilson, Vitaliy Fadeyev, P. Grenier, D. Muenstermann, J. J. John, S. McMahon, C. Tamma, S. D. Worm, F. Rubbo, Q. Xiu, L. B. A. H. Hommels, J. Dopke, H. M. X. Grabas, I. M. Gregor, M. Zavrtanik, D. Das, Z. Galloway, A. A. Grillo, Hongbo Zhu, Todd Brian Huffman, J. Volk, Kirk Arndt, Craig Buttar, Dzmitry Maneuski, Luigi Vigani, Rui Wang, Wen Yi Song, Zhijun Liang, Richard Bates, Renato Turchetta, M. Andelković, Vladimir Cindro, Abraham Seiden, A. A. Affolder, P. Phillips, K. Kanisauskas, Andrew Blue, R. B. Nickerson, Gregor Kramberger, Angelo Dragone, F. Ehrler, M R M Warren, Andrej Gorišek, P. Caragiulo, Igor Mandić, Jie Zhang, Daniela Bortoletto, D. Su, M. M. Stanitzki, Ivan Peric, C.J. Kenney, J. Segal, and Marko Mikuž

Subjects
Materials science, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Biasing, Semiconductor device, Electron, 01 natural sciences, Fluence, Particle detector, 0103 physical sciences, Radiation damage, Optoelectronics, Irradiation, Electric potential, 010306 general physics, business, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics
Abstract

Charge collection properties of particle detectors made in HV-CMOS technology were investigated before and after irradiation with reactor neutrons. Two different sensor types were designed and processed in 180 and 350 nm technology by AMS. Edge-TCT and charge collection measurements with electrons from 90Sr source were employed. Diffusion of generated carriers from undepleted substrate contributes significantly to the charge collection before irradiation, while after irradiation the drift contribution prevails as shown by charge measurements at different shaping times. The depleted region at a given bias voltage was found to grow with irradiation in the fluence range of interest for strip detectors at the HL-LHC. This leads to large gains in the measured charge with respect to the one before irradiation. The increase of the depleted region was attributed to removal of effective acceptors. The evolution of depleted region with fluence was investigated and modeled. Initial studies show a small effect of short term annealing on charge collection.

Published
2016

14. Radiation hardness of two CMOS prototypes for the ATLAS HL-LHC upgrade project

Author

Ian Shipsey, M. Buckland, H. M. X. Grabas, J. Kramberger, Daniela Bortoletto, B T Huffman, Mathieu Benoit, Jie Zhang, Renato Turchetta, C. Tamma, Lingxin Meng, Marko Mikuž, S. McMahon, C.J. Kenney, Francesco Rubbo, F. Martinez-Mckinney, Rui Wang, Q. Xiu, R. Plackett, A. A. Affolder, Daniel Muenstermann, P. Phillips, Martin Hoeferkamp, Alexander Grillo, Igor Mandić, D. Das, F. F. Wilson, Abraham Seiden, D. Su, I. M. Gregor, P. Caragiulo, Craig Buttar, Ivan Peric, Philippe Grenier, Dzmitry Maneuski, Wen Yi Song, Andrew Blue, F. A. Di Bello, K. Kanisauskas, S. D. Worm, J. Volk, Zhijun Liang, M R M Warren, Vitaliy Fadeyev, Angelo Dragone, F. Ehrler, Luigi Vigani, J. J. John, Richard Nickerson, Marcel Michael Stanitzki, Sally Seidel, Kirk Arndt, H. Zhu, Richard Bates, L. B. A. H. Hommels, J. Segal, Z. Galloway, and Jens Dopke

Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Novel high voltage and resistive CMOS sensors [6], 01 natural sciences, Particle detector, damage [radiation], design [semiconductor detector], semiconductor detector: pixel, Atlas (anatomy), 0103 physical sciences, medicine, ddc:610, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, Radiation hardening, Mathematical Physics, radiation: damage, Physics, pixel [semiconductor detector], Large Hadron Collider, Luminosity (scattering theory), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Electrical engineering, microstrip [semiconductor detector], ATLAS, transition radiation detector, Transition radiation detector, Upgrade, medicine.anatomical_structure, CMOS, semiconductor detector: microstrip, upgrade, business, performance, semiconductor detector: design
Abstract

Topical Workshop on Electronics for Particle Physics 2015, TWEPP 2015, Lisbon, Portugal, 28 Sep 2015 - 2 Oct 2015 ; Journal of Instrumentation 1611(02), C02005(2016). doi:10.1088/1748-0221/11/02/C02005, The LHC luminosity upgrade, known as the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), will require the replacement of the existing silicon strip tracker and the transistion radiation tracker. Although a baseline design for this tracker exists the ATLAS collaboration and other non-ATLAS groups are exploring the feasibility of using CMOS Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (MAPS) which would be arranged in a strip-like fashion and would take advantage of the service and support structure already being developed for the upgrade. Two test devices made with the AMS H35 process (a High voltage or HV CMOS process) have been subjected to various radiation environments and have performed well. The results of these tests are presented in this paper., Published by Inst. of Physics, London

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

15. Assembly and qualification procedures of CMS forward pixel detector modules

Author

Ozhan Koybasi, Ian Shipsey, Petra Merkel, Daniela Bortoletto, Gino Bolla, and Kirk Arndt

Subjects
Core (optical fiber), Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Large Hadron Collider, business.industry, Detector, Barrel (horology), Fermilab, business, Instrumentation, Computer hardware, Pixel detector
Abstract

The CMS pixel detector is located at the core of the CMS all-silicon tracker and consists of three barrel layers (BPIX) and two end-cap disks (FPIX) on each side of the interaction region. About 1000 detector modules were built and tested at Purdue University from June 2006 to March 2008, and delivered to Fermilab for the construction of FPIX disks. This paper describes the assembly and qualification procedures of the CMS FPIX detector modules.

Published
2011
Full Text
View/download PDF

16. 3D-FBK pixel sensors with CMS readout: First test results

Author

Gino Bolla, Ilya Osipenkov, M. Povoli, A. Krzywda, Richard Brosius, Maurizio Boscardin, C.M. Lei, Mauro Emanuele Dinardo, S. Terzo, A. Vilela Pereira, Stephen Robert Wagner, Lorenzo Uplegger, Ashok Kumar, M. Bubna, J. Ngadiuba, G.-F. Dalla Betta, Ian Shipsey, Ryan Rivera, Ping Tan, Kirk Arndt, L. Perera, Dario Menasce, Daniela Bortoletto, Ada Solano, Luigi Moroni, Frank Jensen, J. Andresen, Maria Margherita Obertino, S. Kwan, E. Alagoz, and A. Prosser

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Large Hadron Collider, Pixel, CMS, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Detector, Integrated circuit, Particle detector, law.invention, Semiconductor detector, law, Optoelectronics, 3D silicon pixel detector, Fermilab, business, Instrumentation, Radiation hardening
Abstract

Silicon 3D detectors consist of an array of columnar electrodes of both doping types which penetrate entirely in the detector bulk, perpendicularly to the surface. They are emerging as one of the most promising technologies for innermost layers of tracking devices for the foreseen upgrades of the LHC. Until recently, properties of 3D sensors have been investigated mostly with ATLAS readout electronics. 3D pixel sensors compatible with the CMS readout were first fabricated at SINTEF (Oslo, Norway), and more recently at FBK (Trento, Italy) and CNM (Barcelona, Spain). Several sensors with different electrode configurations, bump-bonded with the CMS pixel PSI46 readout chip, were characterized in laboratory and tested at Fermilab with a proton beam of 120 GeV/c. Preliminary results of the data analysis are presented. © 2012 CERN. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2013
Full Text
View/download PDF

17. Silicon sensors development for the CMS pixel system

Author

Tilman Rohe, Kirk Arndt, Roland Horisberger, A. Roy, S. Son, K. Giolo, Daniela Bortoletto, and Gino Bolla

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, lhc, cms, hybrid pixel detector, detector, Large Hadron Collider, Pixel, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Detector, Radiation, Tracking (particle physics), Fluence, Bottom quark, Nuclear physics, Radiation damage, Instrumentation
Abstract

The CMS experiment will operate at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). A hybrid pixel detector located close to the interaction region of the colliding beams will provide high resolution tracking and vertex identification which will be crucial for b quark identification. Because of the radiation environment of the LHC, the performance of the sensors must be carefully evaluated up to a fluence of 6 x 10(14) n(eq) cm(-2). We expect that the sensors will be operated partially depleted during their operation at the LHC and we have implemented an n(+) on n sensor design. We have irradiated prototype,sensors to a dose of 1 x 10(15) n(eq) cm(-2). We present the results of our testing before and after irradiation. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2003
Full Text
View/download PDF

18. Status of the CLEO III silicon tracker

Author

L. Kazkaz, A. Anastassov, T. Selby, M.S Alam, C. Rush, Horst Severini, J. P. Alexander, E. Eckhart, T. Smith, J. Miyamoto, M. R. Shepherd, J. Fast, K. K. Gan, Ian Shipsey, S. Kane, John Oliver, F. Blanc, R. D. Kass, Harris Kagan, E. von Toerne, P. Sterner, A. Ershov, Kirk Arndt, A. Magerkurth, V. Pavlunin, P. Skubic, X. Zhao, D. Y.J. Kim, G. W. Brandenburg, A. D. Foland, Alice Bean, P. I. Hopman, Q. Zhang, G. Boyd, D. H. Miller, S. Timm, M. Weinberger, J. Lee, J. Cherwinka, J. E. Duboscq, D. Tournear, Y. S. Gao, M. Neustadt, C. Ward, and M. M. Zoeller

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Silicon, business.industry, Detector, Barrel (horology), Solid angle, chemistry.chemical_element, Radiation induced, Signal, Silicon vertex detector, Optics, chemistry, Optoelectronics, business, Instrumentation, Image resolution
Abstract

The CLEO-III silicon vertex detector is a 4-layer device with double-sided silicon sensors arranged in a barrel design, covering 93% of the solid angle. After initially meeting its design goals of signal-to-noise performance and spatial resolution, the signal efficiency deteriorated on the rφ sensor side in the two innermost layers due to radiation induced sensor effects. Operation of the two outermost layers and the z -coordinate readout in all layers is stable.

Published
2003
Full Text
View/download PDF

19. The CLEO III silicon vertex detector

Author

E. Eckhart, J. Miyamoto, X. Zhao, J. E. Duboscq, Q. Zhang, Ian Shipsey, P. Sterner, P. Skubic, D. Y.J. Kim, P.I. Hopman, Harris Kagan, K. K. Gan, A. Anastassov, S. Kane, S. Timm, T. Selby, E. von Toerne, Alice Bean, M.S Alam, G. Brandenburg, G. Boyd, J. Lee, David Miller, J. Cherwinka, Kirk Arndt, M. Neustadt, D. Tournear, R. D. Kass, M. M. Zoeller, A. Magerkurth, F. Blanc, John Oliver, Yang Gao, T. Smith, J. P. Alexander, A. Ershov, J. Fast, V. Pavlunin, C. Ward, A.D. Foland, L. Kazkaz, Horst Severini, and C. Rush

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Vertex (computer graphics), Silicon, business.industry, Detector, Solid angle, chemistry.chemical_element, Microstrip, Silicon vertex detector, chemistry, Optoelectronics, Wafer, business, Instrumentation, Image resolution
Abstract

The design and operation of the CLEO III silicon vertex detector is described in this report. This detector consists of four layers of double-sided silicon wafers covering 93% of the solid angle. After initially meeting its signal-to-noise and spatial resolution design goals, the r − φ side efficiency of layers 1 and 2 decreased dramatically due to radiation-induced sensor effects.

Published
2003
Full Text
View/download PDF

20. Pre- and post-irradiation performance of FBK 3D silicon pixel detectors for CMS

Author

John Perry Cumalat, Frank Jensen, A. Vilela Pereira, S. Terzo, Ada Solano, Maria Margherita Obertino, A. Krzywda, Ian Shipsey, Maurizio Boscardin, Roberto Mendicino, C. M. Lei, A. Kumar, Kirk Arndt, Luigi Moroni, Dario Menasce, S. Tentindo, Nhan Tran, M. Bubna, M. Povoli, Ilya Osipenkov, Lorenzo Uplegger, Suvadeep Bose, Daniela Bortoletto, Simon Kwan, Stephen Robert Wagner, G.-F. Dalla Betta, J. Ngadiuba, Ping Tan, Gino Bolla, L. Perera, J. Adreson, A. Prosser, R. Brosius, E. Alagoz, J. Chramowicz, and Ryan Rivera

Subjects
Radiation hardness, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Large Hadron Collider, Luminosity (scattering theory), Silicon, Pixel, 3D, Silicon pixel detectors, business.industry, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Detector, chemistry.chemical_element, Particle detector, Semiconductor detector, Planar, chemistry, Optoelectronics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, business, Instrumentation
Abstract

In preparation for the tenfold luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (the HL-LHC) around 2020, three-dimensional (3D) silicon pixel sensors are being developed as a radiation-hard candidate to replace the planar ones currently being used in the CMS pixel detector. This study examines an early batch of FBK sensors (named ATLAS08) of three 3D pixel geometries: 1E, 2E, and 4E, which respectively contain one, two, and four readout electrodes for each pixel, passing completely through the bulk. We present electrical characteristics and beam test performance results for each detector before and after irradiation. The maximum fluence applied is 3.5×1015 n eq /cm2.

Published
2014

21. The guider and wavefront curvature sensor subsystem for the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope

Author

D. K. Gilmore, Paul O'Connor, Christopher W. Stubbs, Chuck Claver, Michael Warner, Kirk Arndt, Ivan Kotov, Sven Herrmann, P. Hascall, Jacques Sebag, Peter Doherty, and Vincent J. Riot

Subjects
Wavefront curvature, Wavefront, Cardinal point, Optics, Computer science, business.industry, Field of view, Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, business
Abstract

The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope instrument include four guiding and wavefront sensing subsystems called corner raft subsystems, in addition to the main science array of 189 4K x 4K CCDs. These four subsystems are placed at the four corners of the instrumented field of view. Each wavefront/guiding subsystem comprises a pair of 4K x 4K guide sensors, capable of producing 9 frames/second, and a pair of offset 2K x 4K wavefront curvature sensors from which the images are read out at the cadence of the main camera system, providing 15 sec integrations. These four guider/wavefront corner rafts are mechanically and electrically isolated from the science sensor rafts and can be installed or removed independently from any other focal plane subsystem. We present the implementation of this LSST subsystem detailing both hardware and software development and status.

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

22. Design and initial performance of the CLEO III silicon tracker

Author

J. Miyamoto, C. Ward, K. K. Gan, M. Neustadt, S. Kane, T. Selby, D. Tournear, E. Eckhart, T. Smith, Horst Severini, Ian Shipsey, P. Sterner, John Oliver, Harris Kagan, J. Cherwinka, P. Skubic, J. P. Alexander, A. D. Foland, V. Pavlunin, X. Zhao, A. Magerkurth, F. Blanc, M. M. Zoeller, R. D. Kass, J. E. Duboscq, A. Ershov, Dong Hee Kim, J. Fast, A. Anastassov, C. Rush, Y. S. Gao, L. Kazkaz, M.S Alam, G. W. Brandenburg, Q. Zhang, D. H. Miller, Kirk Arndt, P. I. Hopman, J. Lee, S. Timm, E. von Toerne, Alice Bean, and G. Boyd

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Silicon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Detector, chemistry.chemical_element, Tracking system, Integrated circuit, Particle identification, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Upgrade, Data acquisition, chemistry, law, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, business, Instrumentation, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract

CLEO III is the new experimental phase of the CLEO experiment at the CESR accelerator. Both the accelerator and the detector have recently been upgraded. A new charged particle tracking system with the addition of a ring imaging Cherenkov particle identification system has been installed. A major part of the tracking system upgrade was the construction of a new four-layer double-sided silicon tracker with 93% solid angle coverage and new readout electronics. The CLEO III upgrade was completed in February 2000 with the installation of the silicon detector. CLEO III has finished the commissioning phase and is now taking data. The design of the detector and first performance results are presented here.

Published
2001
Full Text
View/download PDF

23. Design, performance and status of the CLEO III silicon detector

Author

K. K. Gan, A. Anastassov, M. M. Zoeller, C. Ward, Harris Kagan, M.S Alam, S. Timm, D. Y.J. Kim, R. Boyd, John Oliver, N. Menon, Horst Severini, J. P. Alexander, M. B. Spencer, Y. S. Gao, C. Bebek, Alice Bean, E Tourne, J. Cherwinka, J. Lee, J. Fast, J. E. Duboscq, C. Darling, D. H. Miller, G. W. Brandenburg, C. Rush, P. I. Hopman, Kirk Arndt, Ian Shipsey, P. Skubic, and R. D. Kass

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Silicon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Preamplifier, Detector, chemistry.chemical_element, STRIPS, Chip, law.invention, Optics, Nuclear magnetic resonance, chemistry, law, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Resistor, business, Instrumentation, Storage ring, Electronic circuit
Abstract

The CLEO III silicon detector is part of a general upgrade of the CLEO detector to allow for operation at a luminosity of 2×10 33 cm −2 s −1 , which will be provided by the Cornell Electron–Positron Storage Ring (CESR) beginning in 1999. The silicon detector is a four-layer barrel design covering radii from 2.5 to 10.2 cm with 93% solid angle coverage. The silicon sensors are DC-coupled and double-sided with double-metal readout on the p-side. The n-type strips measure φ , with 50 μ m pitch while the p-type strips measure z , the coordinate along the beam axis, with 100 μ m pitch. The readout electronics are mounted on BeO hybrids attached to the conical support structure and connected to the silicon sensors via a thin kapton flex cable. The electronics consist of an R / C chip with bias resistors and decoupling capacitors, a low-noise preamp/shaper chip and a digitizer/sparsifier chip. Readout is done using VME-based sequencer boards. Production of all detector components is nearing completion and installation of the detector will take place in early 1999.

Published
1999
Full Text
View/download PDF

24. The CLEO III silicon tracker

Author

K. K. Gan, J. Fast, P. I. Hopman, M. Yurko, R. D. Kass, C. Ward, C. Darling, P. C. Kim, Y. S. Gao, Kirk Arndt, G. W. Brandenburg, C. Bebek, J. P. Alexander, Harris Kagan, C. Rush, A. D. Foland, D. H. Miller, M. M. Zoeller, J. E. Duboscq, Horst Severini, N. Menon, Ian Shipsey, M. B. Spencer, John Oliver, Warner A. Miller, Dong Hee Kim, P. Skubic, J. Cherwinka, R. Boyd, W Hennessy, and Alice Bean

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Silicon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Detector, chemistry.chemical_element, Tracking system, Particle detector, Particle identification, Charged particle, Nuclear physics, Upgrade, chemistry, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Cornell Electron Storage Ring, business, Instrumentation
Abstract

The Cornell Electron Storage Ring is being upgraded to B-factory luminosities. The CLEO detector is also being upgraded with a new charged particle tracking system and with the addition of a ring imaging Cerenkov particle identification system. A major part of the tracking system upgrade is the construction of a new four-layer double-sided silicon tracker with 93% solid angle coverage and new readout electronics. The status of the silicon tracker including production tests and the expected performance of the final system are discussed.

Published
1998
Full Text
View/download PDF

25. The Cleo III silicon vertex detector

Author

C. Bebek, K. K. Gan, Kirk Arndt, Ian Shipsey, B. Nemati, Warner A. Miller, P. Skubic, Alice Bean, M. B. Spencer, N. Menon, J. Fast, Harris Kagan, J. E. Duboscq, David Miller, P. I. Hopman, R. D. Kass, C. Rush, C. Ward, J. P. Alexander, C. Darling, A. D. Foland, M. Yurko, G. Brandenburg, P. C. Kim, M. M. Zoeller, John Oliver, R. Boyd, J. Cherwinka, and Yang Gao

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, business.industry, Preamplifier, Detector, Electrical engineering, Chip, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Signal-to-noise ratio, Upgrade, Optics, Wafer, Electronics, business, Sensitivity (electronics)
Abstract

The CLEO collaboration has embarked on an ambitious upgrade of the CLEO detector to match the upgrade of the CESR accelerator to luminosities of 2 × 10 33 cm −2 sec −1 . This will bring a factor ten improvement in the measurement of rare B decays and hence, increased sensitivity to physics at high mass scales and also the possibility of measuring CP violation. The upgrade includes a new four layer double-sided silicon detector. Each double-sided silicon wafer is 2.6 cmx 5.1 cm × 300 μ m . To maximize solid angle coverage with minimal material in the detector volume the detector chains are very long, up to 5 detectors per electronic readout channel, resulting in large series resistance and large detector capacitance. Moderate backgrounds permit the electronics to operate with a 1–3 μ s shaping time. A new front-end low noise preamplifier is being developed to maximize the signal to noise ratio, along with a modified SVX chip used for analog to digital conversion and sparsification. The detectors are connected to the electronics hybrid by a thin double sided kapton flex circuit. The length of the detector chains also requires novel mechanical support structures — CVD diamond beams axe the baseline solution. We are currently near the end of the prototype stage for all aspects for the project and will move into production by late summer. The detector will be installed in early 1998.

Published
1998
Full Text
View/download PDF

26. The design and performance of the silicon detectors for CLEO III

Author

C. Bebek, R. Boyd, N. Menon, Yang Gao, J. P. Alexander, Kirk Arndt, P. C. Kim, H. Kagan, A. D. Foland, R. D. Kass, M. Yurko, John Oliver, J. Cherwinka, K. K. Gan, M. M. Zoeller, C. Darling, Ian Shipsey, Alice Bean, P. Skubic, B. Nemati, J. E. Duboscq, M. B. Spencer, P. I. Hopman, C. Ward, James E. Fast, G. W. Brandenburg, C. Rush, and D. H. Miller

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Silicon, business.industry, Detector, chemistry.chemical_element, Particle accelerator, Johnson–Nyquist noise, STRIPS, Capacitance, Noise (electronics), law.invention, Nuclear physics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, chemistry, law, Optoelectronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Ohmic contact
Abstract

The results of the research and development on the silicon detectors for the CLEO III vertex detector are reported. Since the CLEO III detector design requires up to five detectors to be daisy chained, a significant amount of effort was directed at reducing capacitance. We have succeeded in designing a 5 cm/spl times/2.5 cm double metal (z-side) detector with less than 10 pF strip capacitance. Capacitance is also near 10 pF for the r-/spl phi/ side. In addition, we have developed a novel p-barrier design (to isolate strips on the ohmic side) which virtually eliminates the Johnson noise component which results from the ohmic character of this type of isolation. We also report noise and cosmic ray signal data from various length ladders.

Published
1997
Full Text
View/download PDF

27. Tracking performance of a single-crystal and a polycrystalline diamond pixel-detector

Author

M. Bubna, Richard Brosius, J. Andresen, A. Krzywda, Stefano Terzo, J.-M. Brom, Nhan Viet Tran, E. Alagoz, Ilya Osipenkov, Kirk Arndt, Ping Tan, Simon Kwan, Maria Margherita Obertino, Ashok Kumar, L. Perera, J. Ngadiuba, A. Prosser, Gino Bolla, Dario Menasce, John Perry Cumalat, J. Chramowicz, Ryan Rivera, P. Dini, S. Tentindo, C. M. Lei, Daniela Bortoletto, Lorenzo Uplegger, A. Solano, Frank Jensen, Stephen Robert Wagner, M. Dinardo, L. Moroni, Menasce, D, Moroni, L, Ngadiuba, J, Uplegger, L, Alagoz, E, Andresen, J, Arndt, K, Bolla, G, Bortoletto, D, Brom, J, Brosius, R, Bubna, M, Chramowicz, J, Cumalat, J, Dinardo, M, Dini, P, Jensen, F, Krzywda, A, Kumar, A, Kwan, S, Lei, C, Obertino, M, Osipenkov, I, Perera, L, Prosser, A, Rivera, R, Solano, A, Tan, P, Tentindo, S, Terzo, S, Tran, N, and Wagner, S

Subjects
Materials science, Pixel, business.industry, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Detector, Diamond, Integrated circuit, engineering.material, Chip, law.invention, Telescope, Diamond pixel detector, law, engineering, Optoelectronics, Fermilab, Solid state detectors, Diamond Detectors, Radiation-hard detectors, Particle tracking detectors (Solid-state detectors), business, Instrumentation, Image resolution, Mathematical Physics
Abstract

We present a comparative characterization of the performance of a single-crystal and a polycrystalline diamond pixel-detector employing the standard CMS pixel readout chips. Measurements were carried out at the Fermilab Test Beam Facility, FTBF, using protons of momentum 120 GeV/c tracked by a high-resolution pixel telescope. Particular attention was directed to the study of the charge-collection, the charge-sharing among adjacent pixels and the achievable position resolution. The performance of the single-crystal detector was excellent and comparable to the best available silicon pixel-detectors. The measured average detection-efficiency was near unity, = 0.99860±0.00006, and the position-resolution for shared hits was about 6 μm. On the other hand, the performance of the polycrystalline detector was hampered by its lower charge collection distance and the readout chip threshold. A new readout chip, capable of operating at much lower threshold (around 1 ke-), would be required to fully exploit the potential performance of the polycrystalline diamond pixel-detector.© 2013 IOP Publishing Ltd and Sissa Medialab srl.

Published
2013

28. Test-beam studies of diamond sensors for SLHC

Author

Richard Brosius, A. Prosser, Ping Tan, John Perry Cumalat, Frank Jensen, Ilya Osipenkov, A. Krzywda, L. Perera, E. Alagoz, Stefano Terzo, Kirk Arndt, J.-M. Brom, Simon Kwan, Ashok Kumar, J. Ngadiuba, Dario Menasce, M. M. Obertino, C. M. Lei, M. Bubna, Jeff Andresen, Daniela Bortoletto, Gino Bolla, Lorenzo Uplegger, J. Chramowicz, Ryan Rivera, A. Solano, Stephen Robert Wagner, L. Moroni, and Nhan Tran

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Silicon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, chemistry.chemical_element, engineering.material, law.invention, Telescope, law, Instrumentation, Radiation hardening, Physics, Radiation hardness, Interaction point, Pixel, business.industry, SLHC, Detector, Diamond, Particle accelerator, chemistry, Diamond pixel detector, engineering, Optoelectronics, Physics::Accelerator Physics, business
Abstract

Diamond sensors are studied as an alternative to silicon sensors to withstand the high radiation doses that are expected in future upgrades of the pixel detectors for the SLHC. Diamond pixel sensors are intrinsically radiation hard and are considered as a possible solution for the innermost tracker layers close to the interaction point where current silicon sensors cannot cope with the harsh radiation environment.An effort to study possible candidates for the upgrades is undergoing using the Fermilab test-beam facility (FTBF), where diamonds and 3D silicon sensors have been studied. Using a CMS pixel-based telescope built and installed at the FTBF, we are studying charge collection efficiencies for un-irradiated and irradiated devices bump-bonded to the CMS PSI46 pixel readout chip. A description of the test-beam effort and preliminary results on diamond sensors will be presented.

Published
2013

29. Prototype pipeline for LSST wavefront sensing and reconstruction

Author

Ian Shipsey, Bo Xin, E. Alagoz, Ming Liang, Charles F. Claver, Srinivasan Chandrasekharan, and Kirk Arndt

Subjects
Physics, Wavefront, business.industry, Zernike polynomials, Image processing, Field of view, Active optics, Wavefront sensor, Deformable mirror, symbols.namesake, symbols, Computer vision, Artificial intelligence, business, Zemax
Abstract

The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) uses an Active Optics System (AOS) to maintain system alignment and surface figure on its three large mirrors. Corrective actions fed to the LSST AOS are determined from 4 curvature based wavefront sensors located on the corners of the inscribed square within the 3.5 degree field of view. Each wavefront sensor is a split detector such that the halves are 1mm on either side of focus. In this paper we describe the development of the Active Optics Pipeline prototype that simulates processing the raw image data from the wavefront sensors through to wavefront estimation on to the active optics corrective actions. We also describe various wavefront estimation algorithms under development for the LSST active optics system. The algorithms proposed are comprised of the Zernike compensation routine which improve the accuracy of the wavefront estimate. Algorithm development has been aided by a bench top optical simulator which we also describe. The current software prototype combines MATLAB modules for image processing, tomographic reconstruction, atmospheric turbulence and Zemax for optical ray-tracing to simulate the closed loop behavior of the LSST AOS. We describe the overall simulation model and results for image processing using simulated images and initial results of the wavefront estimation algorithms.

Published
2012
Full Text
View/download PDF

31. Simulation and laboratory test results of 3D CMS pixel detectors for HL-LHC

Author

A. Vilela Pereira, A. Krzywda, Ian Shipsey, Gino Bolla, Ryan Rivera, Ada Solano, Lorenzo Uplegger, Simon Kwan, E. Alagoz, Kirk Arndt, M. Povoli, Maurizio Boscardin, M. Bubna, Maria Margherita Obertino, Daniela Bortoletto, and G.-F. Dalla Betta

Subjects
Physics, Pixel detectors, Large Hadron Collider, Silicon, Pixel, business.industry, CMS, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Detector, 3D silicon technology, HL-LHC, Electrical engineering, chemistry.chemical_element, Particle detector, Semiconductor detector, Planar, chemistry, Deep reactive-ion etching, Optoelectronics, business, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics
Abstract

The CMS pixel detector is the innermost tracking device at the LHC, reconstructing interaction vertices and charged particle trajectories. The current planar sensors located in the innermost layer of the pixel detector will be exposed to very high fluences which will degrade their performances. As a possible replacement for planar pixel sensors in the High Luminosity-LHC (HL-LHC), 3D silicon technology is under consideration due to its expected good performance in harsh radiation environments. Studies are also in progress for using 3D silicon pixel detectors in near-beam proton spectrometers at the LHC. Deep Reactive Ion Etching (DRIE) plays a key role in fabricating 3D silicon detectors in which readout and ohmic electrodes are processed through the silicon substrate instead of being implanted on the silicon surface. 3D pixel devices considered in this study were processed at FBK (Trento, Italy), bump bonded to the CMS pixel readout chip, and characterized in the laboratory. Numerical simulations were also carried out. We report on selected results from laboratory measurements and TCAD simulations. © 2012 IOP Publishing Ltd and Sissa Medialab srl.

Published
2012

32. Electrical Characterization and Preliminary Beam Test Results of 3D Silicon CMS Pixel Detectors

Author

Ian Shipsey, Nicolas Lietaer, A. Krzywda, Angela Kok, E. Alagoz, Gino Bolla, Geir Uri Jensen, Ryan Rivera, Trond Andreas Hansen, C. Da Via, Simon Kwan, O. Koybasi, Kirk Arndt, Thor-Erik Hansen, Lorenzo Uplegger, and Daniela Bortoletto

Subjects
Microelectromechanical systems, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Bulk micromachining, Fabrication, business.industry, Detector, Surface micromachining, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Nuclear electronics, Optoelectronics, Wafer, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Radiation hardening
Abstract

The fabrication of 3D detectors which requires bulk micromachining of columnar electrodes has been realized with advancements in MEMS technology. Since the fabrication of the first 3D prototype in Stanford Nanofabrication Facility in 1997, a significant effort has been put forth to transfer the 3D detector technology to large scale manufacturing for future high luminosity collider experiments, in which the radiation hardness will be the primary concern, and other applications such as medical imaging and X-ray imaging for molecular biology. First, alternative 3D structures, single type column (STC) and double-side double type column (DDTC) 3D detectors, were produced at FBK-irst (Trento, Italy) and CNM-Barcelona (Spain), and assessed thoroughly to improve the production technology towards the standard full-3D detectors. The 3D collaboration has been extended to include SINTEF (Norway), which is committed to small to medium scale production of active edge full-3D silicon sensors. This paper focuses on p-type 3D detectors compatible with the CMS pixel front end electronics from the second run of fabrication at SINTEF clean room facilities. The sensors that passed the wafer level electrical characterization have been bump-bonded at IZM (Germany), assembled into modules and wire-bonded for functional characterization at Purdue University. We report the leakage current characteristics, bump-bond quality, threshold, noise, and gain measurement results of these 3D modules as well as the preliminary beam test data taken at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. © 2011 IEEE.

Published
2011

33. The LSST camera corner raft conceptual design: a front-end for guiding and wavefront sensing

Author

Richard Van Berg, Alan Lichti, Joseph Clampit, Andy Bohn, Bo Xin, John Oliver, Scot S. Olivier, Gunther Haller, Kirk Arndt, Wei Cui, Vincent J. Riot, Matt Triano, Ian Shipsey, Tony Coiro, Desiree Skaggs, Alec Biccum, Liz Hoffman, E. Alagoz, Kat Ziegler, and L. Sapozhnikov

Subjects
Physics, Wavefront, business.industry, Detector, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, Wavefront sensor, Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, Astronomical survey, law.invention, Telescope, Optics, law, Focus (optics), business, Adaptive optics, Remote sensing
Abstract

The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) is a proposed ground based telescope that will perform a comprehensive astronomical survey by imaging the entire visible sky in a continuous series of short exposures. Four special purpose rafts, mounted at the corners of the LSST science camera, contain wavefront sensors and guide sensors. Wavefront measurements are accomplished using curvature sensing, in which the spatial intensity distribution of stars is measured at equal distances on either side of focus by CCD detectors. The four Corner Rafts also each hold two guide sensors. The guide sensors monitor the locations of bright stars to provide feedback that controls and maintains the tracking of the telescope during an exposure. The baseline sensor for the guider is a Hybrid Visible Silicon hybrid-CMOS detector. We present here a conceptual mechanical and electrical design for the LSST Corner Rafts that meets the requirements imposed by the camera structure, and the precision of both the wavefront reconstruction and the tracking. We find that a single design can accommodate two guide sensors and one split-plane wavefront sensor integrated into the four corner locations in the camera.

Published
2010
Full Text
View/download PDF

34. CMS physics technical design report, volume II: Physics performance

Author

G. Russo, R. Halsall, H. L. Zhuang, Stephan Linn, Stefanos Dris, J.F. Gunion, D. Delikaris, David Mark Raymond, Christophe Delaere, J. Caballero Bejar, Alex Kamenev, Victor Kim, Armando Lanaro, Sajjad Asghar, Vivek Sharma, P. Mereu, S. B. Kim, M. G. Albrow, Kostas Kloukinas, R. A. Kvatadze, Y. Velikzhanin, C. Mavrommatis, J. T. Rhee, M. Guerzoni, Robert M Harris, F. Romano, Daniele Spiga, Flera Rizatdinova, Dmitry Gorbunov, Giacomo Bruno, Laszlo Boldizsar, W. E. Johns, B. De Callatay, Pushpalatha C Bhat, M. Pioppi, Lawrence Sulak, L. J. Gutay, M. Hashemi, W. Badgett, A. Bartoloni, C. Y. Chien, E. Marinova, Daniel Robert Marlow, J. M. Barcala, C. Sabev, Roberto Sacchi, P. Bartalini, B. Panev, J. Reinhold, Yves Sirois, J. Ying, M. Demarteau, Alicia Calderon, Arno Heister, Lothar At Bauerdick, Marco Meschini, R. Wilkinson, Tejinder Virdee, Mirko Planinic, G. Martinelli, Y. Ershov, Piotr Traczyk, M. Ageron, Kirill Prokofiev, S. De Visscher, W. Bertl, Julia Thom, D. S. Bailey, N. Manna, Francesco Navarria, A. Karar, Pierre Ramond, Lucia Silvestris, R. Eichler, Neeti Parashar, S. Cucciarelli, R. Gokieli, Christopher George Tully, L. Masetti, I. Gonzalez Cabellero, Klaus Rabbertz, S. Zelepoukine, Sebastiano Albergo, A. Bonnevaux, P. Fabbricatore, Claudio Campagnari, V. Timciuc, O. Zorba, Igor Lokhtin, Ezio Maina, Colin Bernet, Nadia Pastrone, M. Galanti, K. Marasovic, Jim Kowalkowski, M. Zielinski, P. Aspell, Teppo Mäenpää, Pamela Klabbers, V. B. Francis, I. Diaz Merino, H. A. Sanchez Hernandez, Valery Zhukov, Christos Leonidopoulos, Gyorgy Bencze, Dimitri Bourilkov, Vassili Kachanov, Marina Passaseo, Patrick Slattery, J. Schümann, K. Cho, Hans-Christian Kaestli, Filip Moortgat, Francesca Nessi-Tedaldi, S. K. Lalwani, P. Trüb, D. Wenman, Aliaksandr Litomin, P. Siegrist, S. K. Oh, M. Kossov, A. Slav, Nicanor Colino, Z. Wlodarczyk, J. Amundson, H. Mathez, A. Papageorgiou, Pete Markowitz, J. Blocki, I. Soric, L. Stepanova, Pierluigi Paolucci, Amitabh Lath, Jianhong Wu, N. Sinanis, R. Imlay, Dario Menasce, T. Grassi, S. Lusin, H. von Gunten, T. Weiler, Gyorgy Vesztergombi, J. P. Dewulf, G. Marian, B. A. Barnett, N. Iyurin, Frank Jm Geurts, T. Hesselroth, Nikolaos Manthos, Martin Grunewald, Oleg Prokofyev, Wolfram Erdmann, V. Elsha, A. Krokhotin, Livio Fanò, David Barney, Stephanie Beauceron, Mark Raymond Adams, Nicolo Cartiglia, Alexander Oh, Safdar Abbas, Giorgio Apollinari, M. Jenkins, G. Belli, E. E. Boos, Elena Accomando, M. Afaq, Yan-Lin Ye, M. Serin-Zeyrek, Karl Gill, H. S. Chen, Roland Horisberger, S. Mersi, Serguei Ganjour, P. Tempesta, Sergio Cittolin, Julien Caudron, I. Schmidt, Stefan Schael, R. Dabrowski, Sudhir Malik, M. Cardenas Montes, P. S. Flower, K. Gabathuler, T. L. Watts, D. A. Sanders, V. Bhandari, G. Lukhanin, Y. Fu, S. Vassiliev, I. Legrand, Srecko Morovic, Francois Vasey, Yuan Chao, Y. Geerebaert, Michele Arneodo, Steve Reucroft, Boaz Klima, Richard G Kellogg, Pavel Demin, G. Schwering, V. Papadimitriou, Daijin Kim, Paolo Vitulo, William J Spalding, Jay Roberts, I. Pal, N. Estre, L. Tauscher, Andras Laszlo, S. Spangler, Darien Wood, H. Suter, Ia Iashvili, W. Tanenbaum, Yury Ivanov, Andre Sznajder, F. Rondeaux, S. Y. Jung, Yuri Gershtein, Monoranjan Guchait, Brajesh C Choudhary, Paul David Luckey, M. Sani, D. Lanske, N. Ilina, Ian Shipsey, J. G. Shiu, Artur Kalinowski, Igor Emeliantchik, B. Heltsley, Robin Erbacher, Henryk Czyrkowski, L. Rurua, R. Beuselinck, Umesh Joshi, Irina Vardanyan, David B. Cline, M. Hansen, P. Bordalo, Ariella Cattai, G. Gomezo, J. A. Bakken, Jordan Nash, Sung Keun Park, E. Luiggi Lopez, M. Wensveen, R. Folch, E. Carrone, Cristina Riccardi, D. Krpic, S. Magni, Nicholas John Hadley, Karl Matthew Ecklund, M. Stettler, S. Vanini, Andrey Vorobyev, Matteo Risoldi, J. Bourotte, Kati Lassila-Perini, A. De Benedetti, M. Aldaya Martin, M. Duda, A. Sadovski, K. Freudenreich, Javier Cuevas, Georgios Anagnostou, Melody A. Swartz, Maxwell Chertok, Danek Kotlinski, N. M. Cason, Carmen Albajar, Erhan Gülmez, S. C. Tonwar, Kaori Maeshima, Martin Erdmann, A. Oehler, G. Eulisse, V. Kozlov, Frank Hartmann, Luciano Orsini, Vasile Mihai Ghete, Giuseppe Bagliesi, A. Cyz, Harvey B Newman, Christof Roland, Y. S. Chung, V. V. Mitsyn, Roman Ryutin, E. Isiksal, L. Lueking, Petra Merkel, Pelin Kurt, S. Erhan, F. M. Farina, M. Cerutti, O.V. Dvornikov, V. Lysiakov, L. Barbone, V. Drollinger, Robert Stone, J. N. Butler, A. Kayis Topaksu, H. A. Salazar Ibarguen, Marcello Abbrescia, K. Datsko, J. Grahl, David Colling, M. Michelotto, Sergey Petrushanko, Patricia McBride, Krzysztof Doroba, Jorge Luis Rodriguez, Claire Shepherd-Themistocleous, Alan Sill, Z. Gao, Mikhail Korzhik, Paolo Lariccia, M. Letheren, Daniel Denegri, M. H.G. Souza, Vyacheslav Valuev, Thomas Ferguson, Alain Ninane, D. Phillips, Ren-Yuan Zhu, Pascal Vanlaer, Luciano Barone, C. Villanueva Munoz, P. Barrillon, M. S. Khan, O. Ravat, I. Lobov, H. Wenzel, Stefan Piperov, Richard J. K. Taylor, K. L. He, R. Stephenson, Otilia Militaru, Richard Breedon, Ihtesham Ur Rehman, Vladimir Petrov, Y. Musienko, V. Senchyshyn, L. S. Durkin, C. C. Hung, Yang Yang, Jacopo Bernardini, Jay Hauser, J. J. Nebrensky, Andrei Starodumov, Y. W. Baek, J. Whitmore, T. Todorov, M. H. Schmitt, A. Wijnant, U. Berthon, A. M. Rossi, Federica Fanzago, Vladimir Karjavin, E. Spencer, N. Redaelli, Tim Martin, M. Case, G. Eppley, D. Smith, S. Mikocki, Vijaya Sundararajan, F. Gasparini, N. Ippolito, P. Bloch, C. Ljuslin, D. J.J. Mangeol, Virgil E Barnes, Y. Kiryushin, G. Milleret, D. Nae, Didier Contardo, Q. Morrissey, Simone Paoletti, A. Gurtu, Carlo Rovelli, J. C. Marin, I. Azhguirei, Ezio Torassa, Salvatore Nuzzo, Victor Golovtsov, R. Pintus, Viktor Konoplyanikov, Th. Müller, M. Mateev, Paul Sheldon, Yuichi Kubota, L. Benucci, S. Klimenko, C. Jung, G. Grégoire, Anna Elliott-Peisert, Vuko Brigljevic, Bruno Wittmer, Guido Tonelli, Zeljko Antunovic, M. Corvo, Alessio Ghezzi, Giuseppe Codispoti, Pavel Sorokin, H. S. Budd, Natale Demaria, Harry Cheung, Peter Schleper, J. Conway, M. Husejko, Sandeep Pathak, M. Bedjidian, Mc Lemaire, S. Tkaczyk, D. Tsirigkas, Vincent Lemaitre, David Stuart, R. Semenov, Herbert Rohringer, Claudia-Elisabeth Wulz, Christoph Paus, Wolfgang Waltenberger, S. Markov, O. Gonzalez Lopez, K. Dindar, M. Wingham, G.J. Barber, Elizabeth Sexton-Kennedy, A. Marinov, Suchandra Dutta, Franco Ligabue, M. Müntel, G. Dewhirst, R. Arcidiacono, W. Boeglin, S. Afanasiev, P. Rosinsky, A. Sourkov, Ricky Egeland, M. Vander Donckt, M. Gataullin, F. Manolescu, Dong-Chul Son, V. Sekhri, J. Rasteiro Da Silva, S. Fratianni, S. C. Kao, Liliana Teodorescu, B. Gobbi, D. Michotte, V. Genchev, Greg Landsberg, L. A. Garcia Moral, Richard Wigmans, P. Busson, Adolf Bornheim, Oliver Pooth, S. Kalinin, Krzysztof T. Pozniak, A. Rana, D. Engh, Sergey Rusakov, David Futyan, Malgorzata Kazana, J.D. Berst, V. Zaytsev, Federico Ferri, I. Park, P. Torre, J. S. Suh, M. Ghodgaonkar, G. S. Atoyan, Robert Hirosky, Salvatore My, E. De Langhe, L. Van Lancker, Mehmet Vergili, Daniel Johnson, S. Steiner, W. Braunschweig, Suvadeep Bose, T. Anguelov, Ignacy M. Kudla, B. Caponeri, Jordan Tucker, Andris Skuja, Georgy Antchev, X. Rouby, R. Wilken, Jeremy Mans, Séverine Ovyn, Gaelle Boudoul, Paolo Ronchese, E. Babucci, Pertti Aarnio, Marc M Baarmand, Demetra Tsiakkouri, R. Brauer, E. Hazen, Gian Mario Bilei, Manjit Kaur, S. Muzaffar, E. Daubie, Ph. Herquet, A. M. Gaillac, Freya Blekman, Giuseppe Zito, G. Hamel de Monchenault, Kai-Feng Chen, Frank-Peter Schilling, A. Kovzelev, Teimuraz Lomtadze, S. Bimbot, F. Feyzi, J. C. Ianigro, M. Eppard, Ettore Focardi, A. Dolgopolov, J. G. Branson, E. Zubarev, Georg Steinbrück, J. C. Williams, M. Zupan, C. Burgos Lazaro, W. Zabolotny, Pasquale Musella, A. Shevel, Hans Reithler, Ben Bylsma, Roberto Tenchini, M. Gastal, Oana Elena Vickey Boeriu, D. E. Pellett, Konstantinos Theofilatos, Jacobo Konigsberg, Sandor Czellar, Manuel Giffels, S. R. Ro, Sandro Ventura, Daniele Pedrini, Konrad Deiters, R. K. Shivpuri, Kwang Souk Sim, Gianni Zumerle, J. Puzović, S. Blyth, John Rander, A. Drozdetskiy, Vincenzo Chiochia, U. Pein, A. Flossdorf, M. Dixit, Josef Strauss, A. Ballestrero, C. Foudas, Anna Teresa Meneguzzo, Marco Bellato, V. R. Lakkireddi, Zhenyu Zhang, J. D. Swain, Nikola Godinovic, D. Benedetti, P. Ingenito, Tommaso Dorigo, Sandra Malvezzi, Pedro Silva, E. Lippmaa, Altan Cakir, W. Y. Kim, C. Piasecki, B. Perea Solano, B. Baldin, Ping Tan, Guo-Ming Chen, Muhammad Ahmad, Hamit Mermerkaya, Charalambos Nicolaou, M. Kirsch, J. L. Agram, Barbara Clerbaux, E. Washington, P. Levchenko, L. M. Cremaldi, A. Macpherson, Nikolai Golubev, Marcello Maggi, O. Tsigenov, Jose M Hernandez, L. Djambazov, Stephen Watts, E. Machado, G. Merino, M. Fountain, Suman Bala Beri, Teresa Rodrigo, S. Heising, Vivian O'Dell, Sandeep Neema, J. Yelton, Silvia Maselli, Denis Favart, H. Ozkurt, A. Mathieu, J. Yarba, Anders Ryd, Alexander Nikitenko, A. Ronzhin, Jasvinder A. Singh, Jozsef Molnar, J. Hartert, C. D. Jones, B. Holbrook, S. Somalwar, C. Olivetto, H. D. Wahl, G. Faber, Regina Demina, J. P. Lottin I Mandjavidze, D. W. Kim, D. P. Stickland, Paolo Meridiani, M. Benettoni, A. Korablev, V. Kolosov, Burt Holzman, Giacomo Sguazzoni, Ramazan Sever, X. Su, S. Vigano, S. Bonacini, A. Tikhonov, I. Puljak, G. Sidiropoulos, J. Heyninck, B. Araujo Meleiro, Oleg V. Missevitch, U. Holm, Jean-Charles Fontaine, M. Massa, Cristina Tuve, Tuure Tuuva, Christoph Grab, Vijay Mishra, K. W. Carrell, J. Salicio, L. Jones, Ernesto Migliore, Hans-Jürgen Simonis, A. Kaminskiy, Ivan Reid, Piotr Zalewski, S. J. Lee, B. Curé, B. Baumbaugh, R. J. Tapper, Donato Creanza, P. Yepes, Yuan-Hann Chang, Z. Toteva, D. Onoprienko, S. Taghavirad, Borislav Pavlov, D. Bisello, K. Sudhakar, Csaba Hajdu, Alessandro Giassi, Julian Bunn, H. Naves Sordo, Alan Garfinkel, Ulf Roser, Elizaveta Shabalina, C. Hoermann, C. Steenberg, T. Mahmoud, Alexander Lanev, B. Huckvale, Vitaly Smirnov, Gregory Rakness, O. Sharif, G. Daskalakis, H. G. Wang, C. Markou, Alin Titus Serban, W. Hogg, A. Fedorov, Alexander Dierlamm, V. Lebedev, O. Lytovchenko, S. Linari, H. El Mamouni, S. Kappler, T. Solaija, L. Romero, André Rosowsky, Mikhail Kirsanov, R. Cousins, B. Fabbro, I. Semeniouk, J. Turnau, Jennifer A. Smith, Mario Greco, V. Gaultney, L. I. Sarycheva, U. Husemann, P. de Barbaro, Kirti Ranjan, Stephane Perries, Philippe Gras, Roberto Chierici, Chia-Ming Kuo, D. Bailleux, Lubomir Dimitrov, C. Girerd, P. V. Deshpande, Jorma Tuominiemi, Maria Cruz Fouz, G. Zilizi, Anton Dimitrov, Werner Lustermann, Andromachi Tsirou, M. Chamizo Llatas, Hans J. Vogel, Sridhara Dasu, Emilio Meschi, W. T. Lin, S. Baccaro, F. X. Gentit, K. Moisenz, David Cussans, T. Kress, Kin Sing Stephen Lee, Alessandra Romero, Sergei Gninenko, Sau Lan Wu, Eric Chabanat, L. Gross, Winston Ko, Stefano Marelli, S. Corum, G. Dellacasa, Shuichi Kunori, S. Erturk, Paolo Azzurri, Stefano Marcellini, F. Odorici, Josef Hrubec, E. A. De Wolf, T. Barrass, Ted Bapty, Roger Rusack, Marc Dejardin, Janos Erö, Panagiotis Katsas, D. Maletic, Th. Keutgen, J. M. Reymond, Johannes Gutleber, M. Deliomeroglu, H. Powell, R. Zuyeuski, V. Grishin, S. Heier, Ian Fisk, Maiko Takahashi, Gino Bolla, T. Gorski, James Letts, E. Bougamont, J. Gu, Sara Bolognesi, Alberto Santoro, Alain Givernaud, Dennis Schieferdecker, P. Sphicas, Daniela Bortoletto, J. Gilly, J.-M. Brom, Monika Grothe, Grigory Safronov, D. Samyn, Predrag Milenovic, F. Palmonari, R. Fruehwirth, I. Segoni, Raffaello D'Alessandro, Alexander Sherstnev, Peter R Hobson, Michael Wayne Arenton, Lucas Taylor, G. De Lentdecker, L. Perera, N. Cheere, Emanuela Barberis, S. Costantini, F. Beissel, Rupinder Kaur, Bradley Cox, Ashutosh Bhardwaj, Waclaw Karpinski, S. Kasselmann, T. Romanteau, Salim Cerci, F. Calzolari, Günther Dissertori, J. Lamb, D. Rodriguez Gonzalez, B. Philipps, M. Anfreville, Laurent Mirabito, Steven Lowette, Daniel R Claes, I. Kiselevich, P. Lenzi, Matteo Pegoraro, M. Ibrahim, P. A. Piroué, R. Hooper, Nikolai Gorbounov, Pietro Govoni, D. Fortin, Patrick Jarry, T. Tabarelli de Fatis, Demetrios Loukas, James John Brooke, Stefka Stoykova, H. Castilla Valdez, Sergey Kuleshov, Oliver Buchmuller, Gabriella Pasztor, Renato Potenza, D. P. Eartly, Sharon Hagopian, S. Karaevskii, J. D. Maillefaud, J. M. Hauptman, Cecilia Elena Gerber, A. Nardulli, A. Affolder, J. N. Bellinger, Avraham Yagil, B. R. Voicu, A. Linn, M. E. Zeller, Simon Kwan, Michael Dittmar, C. P. Beetz, Marcin Konecki, Ioannis Evangelou, G. Velichko, Frank Raupach, Bernard Ille, Dinko Ferencek, P. Martinez Ruiz del Arbol, A. Payn, M. Davids, Giovanni Franzoni, J. F. Fuchs, Y. Zheng, B. Mangano, A. Furgeri, A. Moshaii, Andi Hektor, E. Von Toerne, S. Kyriazopoulou, J. De Favereau De Jeneret, Nancy Marinelli, Brian Paul Padley, Joachim Mnich, A. Patino Revuelta, Y. Kozhevnikov, J. Gilmore, Peter Elmer, Jy Kim, A. Basti, M. Pietrusinski, Khristian Kotov, Krzysztof Piotrzkowski, E. Delmeire, N. Smiljkovic, Oleg Teryaev, A. Ranieri, E. J. Kim, V. Roinishvili, Serdar Aydın, R. Ranieri, Christopher Seez, Victor Daniel Elvira, L. Baksay, M. Ballintijn, Gulsen Onengut, S. Michal, Gui Nyun Kim, U. Akgun, G. Ginther, M. Bontenackels, I. Osborne, Alexander Snigirev, N. Sonmez, J. Chen, S. Esen, R. Loos, I. Goitom, Riccardo Bellan, Ashok Kumar, Y. Shi, A. Kurenkov, R. Frazier, Vincenzo Innocente, S. A. Baird, Gregory Iles, H. Gamsizkan, S. Farinon, M. Makariev, Mithat Kaya, A. Sobol, Georgia Karapostoli, S. Korjenevski, G. Passardi, M. Stavrianakou, T. Rommerskirchen, D. del Re, C. Gargiulo, Manoj Jha, D. Coppage, J. F. de Trocóniz, S. De Weirdt, Peter Raics, Peicho Petkov, M. K. Daniel, Sylvie Braibant-Giacomelli, O. Teller, C. Maazouzi, E. Pasquetto, B. C. MacEvoy, Claudio Grandi, Etiennette Auffray, Mikhail Dubinin, Wei Li, Th. Hermanns, Shuai Liu, Ioannis Papadopoulos, Andrea Gaddi, K. W. Bell, Massimiliano Chiorboli, H. Pi, George Alverson, A. Morelos Pineda, J. Alberdi, Y. J. Lei, J. Ehlers, Pisana Placidi, B. De La Cruz, A. Vishnevskiy, P. Rodrigues Simoes Moreira, Salvatore Costa, I. Churin, Andrea Rizzi, Alexander Malakhov, Efe Yazgan, Günter Flügge, F. Kircher, C. De Vecchi, S. Ashby, D Bradley, J. Puerta Pelayo, M. Mojaver, H. S. Bawa, Yong Ban, E. Corrin, I. Gramenitski, Wolfgang Adam, M. Ronquest, Suat Ozkorucuklu, Rainer Wallny, D. Decotigny, Maciej Górski, V. Oguri, Achille Petrilli, Chun-Hua Jiang, I. Melnitchenko, J. Fernandez Menendez, Claudia Ciocca, Z. Szabó, S. Shmatov, Ijaz Ahmed, M. Matveev, M. Hafeez, G. Maurelli, L. Goscilo, Maurizio Biasini, Vladimir Chekhovsky, Pablo Garcia-Abia, Alain Hervé, Mayda Velasco, E. Alagoz, E. McCliment, Marta Felcini, G. Hilgers, Ivan Atanasov, Gigi Rolandi, D. Pandoulas, Plamen Iaydjiev, M. Sowa, Durmus A. Demir, D. White, Paolo Petagna, Eric Cano, C. Marchettini, W. H. Park, V. Kozhuharov, G. Stiehr, Ivan Vila, S. Carrillo Moreno, Sushil Chauhan, Dmitri Konstantinov, A. Bocci, G. Pierschel, Kajari Mazumdar, G. Sanguinetti, Ritva Kinnunen, Max Weber, Ahmet S. Ayan, A. S. Cucoanes, S. Wakefield, M. Atac, G. M. Guglielmo, Thomas Bergauer, A. Marchioro, J. Blaha, G. Leshev, M. A. Kubantsev, P.P. Trapani, A. Solin, S. Stoynev, Enrique Calvo, Caleb Smith, M. Paterno, A. Gribushin, Robert Clare, Patrizia Azzi, H. Arfaei, E. Widl, Rino Castaldi, M. De Magrans Abril, N. Giraud, Marcos Cerrada, B. A. Raue, O. J. E. Maroney, R. Principe, H. P. Paar, Giovanni Abbiendi, Leonard Spiegel, David Miller, Robert Klanner, W. Van Doninck, Stefano Argiro, Justin Albert, R. N.C. Gray, C. Loizides, T. Franke, Petar Maksimovic, John Perry Cumalat, Philip H Butler, Patrick Janot, W. J. Gilbert, Tomas Lindén, M. Pimiä, D. Tornier, D. Oleynik, Nikolay Terentyev, Mani Tripathi, Elena Tikhonenko, G. Gatto Rotondo, Sergey Semenov, J. W. Lamsa, P. Verma, Tobias Kramer, B. C. Shen, R. van Staa, C. Timlin, James Alexander, S. Movchan, Daniel Teyssier, Norbert Neumeister, U. Baur, Victor Perelygin, Alessandra Fanfani, Frixos A Triantis, Andrew Askew, R. L. Lander, I. Vodopiyanov, Eunil Won, X. Y. Shen, R. P. Smith, R. Loveless, J. Patrick, Darin Acosta, Thomas Hebbeker, Paul Lecoq, F. van Lingen, F. Duru, D. Chamont, F. Arteche, Carlos Willmott, Daniele Bonacorsi, A. De Roeck, David S. Holmes, Vladimir Mossolov, Carlo Civinini, V. Kalagin, Z. Aftab, Nicola Amapane, V. Radicci, Marcello Mannelli, W. Bialas, C. Munro, Maria Savina, N. George, E. James, A. Tumanov, M. Mazzucato, Albert M. Sirunyan, Catherine Kirsty Mackay, R. Goudard, Weimin Wu, G. P. Siroli, K. Sogut, N. Schirm, T. Geralis, Giacinto Donvito, T. Christiansen, Richard Vidal, P. Gupta, S. Wynhoff, V. Khabarov, Andreas Nowack, F. Ambroglini, Philip Baringer, Geng-Yuan Jeng, G. Cirino, Mandar Patil, M. M. Necchi, Marcus Hohlmann, Fabian Stockli, P. Cushman, S. König, André Holzner, A. B. Lodge, N. Bernardino Rodrigues, Pierre Juillot, Alexander Schmidt, Kevin Burkett, Byung-Sik Hong, G. Vermisoglou, J. P. Guillaud, Michael Hildreth, L. Wendland, Francisco Matorras, S. Banerjee, John A Coughlan, G. Sani, L. Houchu, Christoph Schwick, Jean-Christophe Gayde, M. Aguilar-Benitez, V. Sytnik, J. Descamps, Oliver Gutsche, Horst Breuker, Antonis P. Papadakis, J. Warchol, P.F. Jacques, João Paulo Teixeira, R. Gomez-Reino Garrido, F. Loddo, M. Kalelkar, Lutz Feld, G. Baulieu, Tommaso Boccali, M. W. Lee, F. Noto, Cristina Biino, Ivan Mikulec, J. Weng, W. A. Mitaroff, P. Bredy, D. Skow, L. Servoli, Frans Meijers, D. Matlock, Carsten Rott, J. M. Vizan Garcia, A. Poblaguev, S. Metson, H. S. Fesefeldt, Adel Terkulov, Matteo Dominoni, P. Wertelaers, K. Arisaka, L. Lintern, Roberto Dell'Orso, J. W. Gary, Sergey Troshin, D. Winn, Alexandre Lebedev, J. Cai, S. Chatterji, Markus Axer, D. Khits, I. Suzuki, D. Zer-Zion, C. S. Hill, P. Olbrechts, V. Tarakanov, M. Nervo, T. Dupasquier, Shahram Rahatlou, C. Saout, Paula M. Murray, Siarhei Shulha, J. M. Lopez, Helen F Heath, M.J. French, F. Borcherding, Y. Wu, Tariq Aziz, Dave M Newbold, J. J. Navarrete, Alberto Benvenuti, A. Cooper, Paul Kyberd, P. Biallass, E. Dusinberre, David D'Enterria, U. Berzano, Kerem Cankocak, V. Rasmislovich, Andreas Pfeiffer, Kreso Kadija, Harrison Prosper, W. Jank, Florian Beaudette, Andrea Candelori, W. H. Smith, N. R. Stanton, Marko Dragicevic, V. Lyubynskiy, J. L. Bonnet, C. Regenfus, Stephen Robert Wagner, X. Aslanoglou, Dan Green, Andrea Venturi, M.R. Pearson, S. Slabospitsky, E. Haeggstroem, Ramona Vogt, Juliet Ritchie Patterson, Marcella Diemoz, A. De Min, H. Liu, Bolek Wyslouch, Joao Varela, Jeffrey Richman, Leander Litov, K. Banicz, Marta Ruspa, E. A. Chen, M. Dzelalija, Jie Liu, Jean-Pierre Merlo, J. Greenhalgh, S. Ramos, C. Combaret, V. Verguilov, Andrea Perrotta, Gabriella Pugliese, Eija Tuominen, John Hill, A. Trindade, Luigi Fiore, D. Ricci, D. Sentenac, R. Stefanovitch, Giovanna Selvaggi, T. Nussbaum, G. Della Ricca, S. Otwinowski, Maria Spiropulu, E. Rogalev, C. Papadimitropoulos, H. Kim, M. J. Miller, Petr Moisenz, David Ja Cockerill, Gianni Masetti, R. Bard, Guenakh Mitselmakher, C. Collard, S. Chatrchyan, X. Yang, Gabor Istvan Veres, Sarah Catherine Eno, G. Bauer, S. Khabarov, F. Raffaelli, A. Madorsky, Y. Q. Ma, Jordan Damgov, Mário Costa, Dezso Horvath, N. Lumb, B. Lisowski, Alessia Tricomi, Igor Smirnov, Salman Toor, Daniele Passeri, S. Nordstrom, Erik Gottschalk, C. Da Via, Yuriy Pakhotin, Urs Langenegger, Crisostomo Sciacca, Z. Xie, G. Leibenguth, A. Sytine, Claude Amsler, A. Macchiolo, Pierre Depasse, Vyacheslav Klyukhin, Radoslaw Adrian Ofierzynski, Z. Szillasi, M. Spezziga, Mariarosaria D'Alfonso, W. K. Sakumoto, Géza Ódor, J. Mumford, C. Kalfas, V. Buege, R. Godang, G. Graham, A. Singovsky, N. Panyam, Nikolai Shumeiko, J. Härkönen, M. Stoye, Marcel Vos, Kerstin Hoepfner, Richard D Field, Marco Pieri, A Brett, Ian R Tomalin, M. Arabgol, K. Babich, Vladimir Palichik, P. Da Silva Rodrigues, Krzysztof Nawrocki, S. Lacaprara, A. Hahn, V. Khomenkov, Mustafa Numan Bakirci, G. Rampazzo, R. Haroutunian, M. Bercher, Viatcheslav Stolin, G. Kozlov, Wolfgang Funk, E. W. Anderson, G. Kaussen, Frank Würthwein, Manas Maity, W. R. Zhao, A. White, Alexi Mestvirishvili, Ulrich Goerlach, Steve Nahn, S. Akhtar, C. Lundstedt, Paolo Capiluppi, Dmitry Soloviev, James Rohlf, Sergei Bitioukov, Jan Veverka, Ricardo Eusebi, G. Segneri, I. Dumanoglu, C. Vander Velde, I. Filozova, A. Hocker, Andrey Uzunian, Fabio Cossutti, H. Topakli, F. Drouhin, Mehmet Zeyrek, Alison Lister, Kristjan Kannike, Luigi Guiducci, Gregory R Snow, Alice Bean, H. A. Neal, Aaron Levine, P. Van Hove, A. Go, Paul Tipton, R. Stringer, M. De Palma, V. Monaco, G. Perinic, S. J. Hong, A. Ruiz Jimeno, Vitaliano Ciulli, Apostolos Panagiotou, L. Wilke, A. Khanov, Gordon Thomson, H. S. Sun, D. Giordano, W. De Boer, Peter Robmann, I. Yaselli, G. Walzel, Tiziano Camporesi, E. Conti, H. Gerwig, Nural Akchurin, G. Dirkes, K. Gumus, M. Frey, O. Atramentov, Sissel Hansen, P.E. Schlein, C.Y. Prescott, Martina Malberti, L. Agostino, P. Miné, Dieter Renker, Petar Adzic, I. M. Willers, Maria Margherita Obertino, S. Shevchenko, A. Molinero, S. Borkar, Alexey Golunov, T. Speer, Peter Wittich, C. Weiser, Valentin Sulimov, Francesco Fabozzi, L. Neukermans, Stefaan Tavernier, C. Cerri, Piero Giubilato, Vipin Bhatnagar, Leonid Tourtchanovitch, Chiara Mariotti, J. E. Elias, Alexey Volkov, P. Q. Ribeiro, P. Debbins, J. H. Williams, M. Niegel, E. Orishchin, Francesca Romana Cavallo, Viktor Savrin, Mitchell Wayne, Karol Bunkowski, H. Schellman, J. M. Kohli, Giorgio Maggi, P. Vichoudis, C. Fernandez Bedoya, Amedeo Staiano, W. Bacchi, Philip Harris, I. Belotelov, Noemi Beni, D. Han, M. Della Negra, Maria Isabel Josa, A. Tcheremoukhine, Marco Zanetti, M. Thomas, Michael Murray, S.D. Kalmani, Shashikant Dugad, Eva Halkiadakis, D. L. Evans, J.C. Oller, Frank Glege, Anita Topkar, M. Vaz, A. A. Shah, Si-Jin Qian, Giuseppe Iaselli, Barry Blumenfeld, R. Partridge, P. Yeh, L. Malgeri, Paolo Rumerio, William T. Ford, Z. H. Sun, Francesca Cavallari, Stefano Belforte, C. Matthey, V. Postolache, A. Jain, A. Baumbaugh, Marvin Johnson, Georgi Sultanov, F. Didierjean, R. Guida, David Cutts, Kevin Stenson, Achim Stahl, Kenneth Bloom, M. De Mattia, T. Pierzchala, Gordon H. Hanson, Grzegorz Wrochna, N. Almeida, S. Sala, S. J. Murray, Sergio P Ratti, S. Greder, J. Rehn, Tony Wildish, M. Mohammadi Najafabadi, A. M. Fomenko, Panja-Riina Luukka, W. J. Womersley, Kirk Arndt, C. Lynch, M. Loreti, Roberto Salerno, B. Kim, Andrey Ostapchuk, C. Lasseur, C. Genta, Alexander Ledovskoy, Vincent J Smith, S. Iqbal, R. Alemany-Fernandez, H. Rykaczewski, Giovanni Organtini, B. Smith, A. J. Weinstein, C. Jeong, C. Hof, B. Mohr, G. Petrillo, E. Nikonov, Olga Kodolova, Riccardo Travaglini, M. Sobron Sanudo, Z. C. Yang, S. Holm, M. Cordero, A. Bujak, W. Dominik, S. Hermann, A. S. Giolo-Nicollerat, F. Szoncsó, Nikolai Krasnikov, Gobinda Majumder, Gunter Quast, F. Ratnikov, Aldo Penzo, G. Davatz, M. Mohammadi, R. Vilar Cortabitarte, L. Y. Zhang, P. Kreuzer, B. S. Acharya, T. Noebauer, R. Della Negra, Abdenour Lounis, A. T. Laasanen, J. Suarez Gonzalez, C. Sanzeni, J. Alam Jan, M. Poettgens, Sami Lehti, M. Vazquez Acosta, J. Miyamoto, Igor Golutvin, A. Koimas, Serguei Volkov, Hao Liu, Alexander Ershov, S. S. Vaurynovich, Stefano Ragazzi, Sergio F Novaes, J. Haupt, G. Magazzu, Morgan Lethuillier, H. Postema, Yasar Onel, Nicola Bacchetta, Attila Racz, Jonathan Fulcher, Anatoli Pashenkov, Avto Kharchilava, Mikhail Ignatenko, Tapio Lampén, Albert Ferrando, D. Campi, G. Makarenkov, K. Teplov, E. Borsato, Paolo Spagnolo, A. Inyakin, V. A. Pikalov, Lindsey Gray, L. Tuura, A. K. Srivastava, N. Grant, Evgueni Vlasov, A. Mollet, R. Kroeger, Attilio Santocchia, Jean Fay, Franco Gonella, Fabrizio Fabbri, J. Gonzalez Sanchez, P. Zalan, Yurii Maravin, M. Iftikhar, Vladimir Gavrilov, M. Fahrer, P. Graehling, K. Ueno, A. Romeyer, Markus Friedl, G. A. Lungu, Chen-Ching Liu, M. Tonutti, S. R. Chendvankar, R. M. Brown, M. Giarin, Gianluca Cerminara, J. Doroshenko, M. Mur, Katja Klein, S. Pavlon, P. Gartung, Martijn Mulders, S. Guragain, Anna Colaleo, Mingming Yang, Martti Raidal, D. G. Cassel, Riccardo Paramatti, Andrea Giammanco, P. Zychowski, I. Lippi, S. Bheesette, V. Barashko, S. Cihangir, Gero Flucke, Manfred Paulini, C. Ozkan, P. Killewald, K. Knobbe, S. Assouak, Ugo Gasparini, Veikko Karimäki, C. Kukulies, Vasken Hagopian, G. M. Dallavalle, H. Esser, J. C. Yun, J. Olzem, D. Smolin, P. Nedelec, Lev Dudko, Marco Paganoni, D. J. Summers, T. Ortega Gomez, Don Petravick, V. Samsonov, Hafeez R Hoorani, R. F. Teixeira, O. van der Aa, R. Ralich, Pierluigi Zotto, Jan Troska, A. Golyash, Robert Bainbridge, Aaron Dominguez, E. Bartz, Michael Wlochal, G. Hmayakyan, L. Zhang, M. Cardaci, Felicitas Pauss, B. Ledermann, Stefano Gennai, Daniel John Karmgard, Manfred Jeitler, A. Apresyan, R. Adolphi, S. Conetti, R. Goorens, Fabrizio Palla, D. Schinzel, Ayse Polatoz, A. Petrosyan, Steve Schnetzer, A. Soha, Paolo Giacomelli, Hannes Sakulin, Tilman Rohe, Lorenzo Foà, S. Kyre, D. Ungaro, G. Denis, D. Osborne, Geoffrey Hall, Dave Britton, Panagiotis Kokkas, Eric Wayne Vaandering, Taylan Yetkin, G. Parrini, V.V. Abramov, Susan Gascon, Drew Baden, M. Haguenauer, J. Leaver, Gunther Roland, A. Satpathy, N. Konovalova, S. Natali, V. A. Ilyin, A. Adolf, W. Beaumont, Satish Dhawan, G. Petrucciani, M. Larwill, A. Anisimov, D. Kcira, Carlos Almeida, A. Pullia, R. Trentadue, Keith Rose, Piero Giorgio Verdini, B. Checcucci, Claude Charlot, G. Comunale, A. Scheurer, C. Martinez Rivero, Rafael Marco, M. J. Ryan, P. Porth, Nikolay Bondar, B. Levesy, O. A. Grachov, Giancarlo Mantovani, L. Dobrzynski, Sezen Sekmen, B. Marangelli, Manfred Krammer, R. A. Sidwell, E. La Vallie, Pedro Arce, T. Keskinpala, I. Dafinei, N. Pearson, M. Nigro, D. Sillou, Igor Vorobiev, Natalia Ratnikova, D.D. Reeder, A. Zabi, Leonid Levchuk, Panos A Razis, N. Qaiser, Laura Borrello, V. Roberfroid, P. Blüm, S. Los, Filippo Bosi, H. F. Hoffmann, L. Veillet, Jim Freeman, V. Podrasky, M. Santos, Aristotelis Kyriakis, A. Zachariadou, S. Singh, Welathantri Gd Dharmaratna, A. Vest, Ferenc Sikler, Mario Kadastik, Konstanty Sumorok, Jorgen D'Hondt, M. Lebeau, E. Feltrin, Davide Piccolo, Jean-Louis Faure, C. Yuste, Q. Ingram, G. Papotti, Paul Avery, Salavat Abdullin, R.J. Plano, Seema Sharma, Paolo Checchia, Alberto Messineo, A.G. Volodko, D. Herman, K. Wick, N. Toth, Christoph Rosemann, I. Vankov, Randy Ruchti, Joe Incandela, J.M. Luque, U. Ahmad, B. Hegner, D. Kartashov, Duncan Carlsmith, Roberto Leporini, B. Scurlock, I. Magrans, Jim Hanlon, Michael S. Webster, M. Feindt, M. Eads, V. Maroussov, Richard Cavanaugh, P. Negri, H. Stoeck, Anton Taurok, D. Heydhausen, Stephanie Baffioni, S. K. Kataria, Jinsook Kim, A. Heikkinen, S. W. Ham, Marco Rovere, M. Bertoldi, Peter Timothy Cox, M. Sproston, B. L. Betev, Ilya Kravchenko, Y. B. Hsiung, P. Glaser, David Lomidze, Anatoli Zarubin, M. Fernandez, James Russ, D. Glenzinski, Tiziano Rovelli, Michal Bluj, E. Tsesmelis, A. Solovey, A. Sedov, P. Zych, Michael Spira, M. Bosteels, N. K. Mondal, T. A. Bolton, B. W. Kennedy, Othmane Bouhali, A. Oulianov, Guido Ciraolo, D. Lazic, Austin Ball, I. D'Antone, E. Eskut, Luigi Moroni, U. Felzmann, Mika Huhtinen, A. Lopez Virto, M. Barone, S. Quinton, R. Chipaux, K. Zhu, T. Ten, Ta-Yung Ling, Alessandro Montanari, Luc Pape, A. Khmelnikov, Jorge Semião, Isabel C. Teixeira, Russell Richard Betts, N. Darmenov, L. Sala, Konstantin Matchev, M. Pernicka, A. Theel, Egidio Longo, Y. Guo, R. Bruneliere, E. Perez Calle, A. K. Honma, Victor Krychkine, V. E. Postoev, M. Giunta, H. Szczesny, Jesus Marco, E. Norbeck, J. Alcaraz Maestre, D. Cano Fernandez, V. Boyer, David Krofcheck, R. Croft, V. Kaftanov, D. Vintache, Y. Gotra, M. S. Mennea, P. I. Zarubin, G. L. Bayatian, Gianpiero Cattaneo, V. A. Matveev, A. Markou, R. Moser, P. Sharp, Arie Bodek, Ozlem Kaya, F. Varela Rodriguez, Andrew Branson, Valentin Kuznetsov, P. Verrecchia, M. Wilhelmsson, Pierre Marage, N. Bangert, J. Maddox, B. Grinev, P. I. Goncharov, Ewa Gladysz-dziadus, N. De Filippis, C. R. Newsom, S. Ravot, J. Salisbury, Kurtis F Johnson, Greg P Heath, Ajit Kumar Mohanty, P. Galvez, A. Onnela, S. Reynaud, U. Nauenberg, Salvatore Mele, P. Lecomte, Christoph Schäfer, A. H. Heering, Ruth Pordes, Lev Uvarov, D. V. Bandurin, F. Montecassiano, Yu. Andreev, S. Veseli, Daniel Treille, B. Yuldashev, T. M. Shaw, German Martinez, X. T. Meng, N. Lvova, Julian R. Jones, A. Filine, Pascal Paganini, A. Roy, N. Zamiatin, S. Paktinat Mehdiabadi, Vladimir Andreev, Aruna Nayak, I. Jimenez, Archana Sharma, Saptaparna Bhattacharya, Laird Kramer, Andrey Korytov, P. Chang, Eduardo De Moraes Gregores, John H. Wickens, Vladimir Korenkov, N. Magini, A. Moggi, I. Crotty, Jan Krolikowski, Duccio Abbaneo, V. Litvine, Elizabeth Locci, M. I. Asghar, A. Kapusi, Y. Zhang, C. Bloch, V. Sknar, Vadim Issakov, Giovanni Polese, Alexander Toropin, J. Nysten, E. Forton, Y. Liu, S. Wang, M. Jaworski, H. Foeth, Belforte, S., Cossutti, F., DELLA RICCA, Giuseppe, Gobbo, B., Penzo, A., Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département d'Astrophysique, de physique des Particules, de physique Nucléaire et de l'Instrumentation Associée (DAPNIA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Recherches Subatomiques (DRS-IPHC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), informatique, Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), CMS, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I Lyon), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bayatian, G, Chatrchyan, S, Hmayakyan, G, Sirunyan, A, Adam, W, Bergauer, T, Dragicevic, M, Ero, J, Friedl, M, Fruehwirth, R, Ghete, V, Glaser, P, Hrubec, J, Jeitler, M, Krammer, M, Magrans, I, Mikulec, I, Mitaroff, W, Noebauer, T, Pernicka, M, Porth, P, Rohringer, H, Strauss, J, Taurok, A, Waltenberger, W, Walzel, G, Widl, E, Wulz, C, Fedorov, A, Korzhik, M, Missevitch, O, Zuyeuski, R, Chekhovsky, V, Dvornikov, O, Emeliantchik, I, Litomin, A, Mossolov, V, Shumeiko, N, Solin, A, Stefanovitch, R, Gonzalez, J, Tikhonov, A, Petrov, V, D'Hondt, J, De Weirdt, S, Goorens, R, Heyninck, J, Lowette, S, Tavernier, S, Van Doninck, W, Van Lancker, L, Bouhali, O, Clerbaux, B, De Lentdecker, G, Dewulf, J, Mahmoud, T, Marage, P, Neukermans, L, Sundararajan, V, Vander Velde, C, Vanlaer, P, Wickens, J, Assouak, S, Bonnet, J, Bruno, G, Caudron, J, De Callatay, B, De Jeneret, J, De Visscher, S, Delaere, C, Demin, P, Favart, D, Feltrin, E, Forton, E, Gregoire, G, Kalinin, S, Kcira, D, Keutgen, T, Leibenguth, G, Lemaitre, V, Liu, Y, Michotte, D, Militaru, O, Ninane, A, Ovyn, S, Pierzchala, T, Piotrzkowski, K, Roberfroid, V, Rouby, X, Teyssier, D, Van Der Aa, O, Vander Donckt, M, Daubie, E, Herquet, P, Mollet, A, Romeyer, A, Beaumont, W, Cardaci, M, De Langhe, E, De Wolf, E, Rurua, L, Souza, M, Oguri, V, Santoro, A, Sznajder, A, Vaz, M, Gregores, E, Novaes, S, Anguelov, T, Antchev, G, Atanasov, I, Damgov, J, Darmenov, N, Dimitrov, L, Genchev, V, Iaydjiev, P, Panev, B, Piperov, S, Stoykova, S, Sultanov, G, Vankov, I, Dimitrov, A, Kozhuharov, V, Litov, L, Makariev, M, Marinov, A, Marinova, E, Markov, S, Mateev, M, Pavlov, B, Petkov, P, Sabev, C, Stoynev, S, Toteva, Z, Verguilov, V, Chen, G, Chen, H, He, K, Jiang, C, Li, W, Liu, H, Meng, X, Shen, X, Sun, H, Yang, M, Zhao, W, Zhuang, H, Ban, Y, Cai, J, Liu, S, Qian, S, Yang, Z, Ye, Y, Ying, J, Wu, J, Zhang, Z, Godinovic, N, Puljak, I, Soric, I, Antunovic, Z, Dzelalija, M, Marasovic, K, Brigljevic, V, Ferencek, D, Kadija, K, Morovic, S, Planinic, M, Nicolaou, C, Papadakis, A, Razis, P, Tsiakkouri, D, Hektor, A, Kadastik, M, Kannike, K, Lippmaa, E, Muntel, M, Raidal, M, Aarnio, P, Czellar, S, Haeggstroem, E, Heikkinen, A, Harkonen, J, Karimaki, V, Kinnunen, R, Lampen, T, Lassila Perini, K, Lehti, S, Linden, T, Luukka, P, Michal, S, Maenpaa, T, Nysten, J, Stettler, M, Tuominen, E, Tuominiemi, J, Wendland, L, Tuuva, T, Guillaud, J, Nedelec, P, Sillou, D, Anfreville, M, Beauceron, S, Bougamont, E, Bredy, P, Chipaux, R, Dejardin, M, Denegri, D, Descamps, J, Fabbro, B, Faure, J, Ganjour, S, Gentit, F, Givernaud, A, Gras, P, De Monchenault, G, Jarry, P, Kircher, F, Lemaire, M, Levesy, B, Locci, E, Lottin, J, Mandjavidze, I, Mur, M, Pasquetto, E, Payn, A, Rander, J, Reymond, J, Rondeaux, F, Rosowsky, A, Sun, Z, Verrecchia, P, Baffioni, S, Beaudette, F, Bercher, M, Berthon, U, Bimbot, S, Bourotte, J, Busson, P, Cerutti, M, Chamont, D, Charlot, C, Collard, C, Decotigny, D, Delmeire, E, Dobrzynski, L, Gaillac, A, Geerebaert, Y, Gilly, J, Haguenauer, M, Karar, A, Mathieu, A, Milleret, G, Mine, P, Paganini, P, Romanteau, T, Semeniouk, I, Sirois, Y, Berst, J, Brom, J, Didierjean, F, Drouhin, F, Fontaine, J, Goerlach, U, Graehling, P, Gross, L, Houchu, L, Juillot, P, Lounis, A, Maazouzi, C, Mangeol, D, Olivetto, C, Todorov, T, Van Hove, P, Vintache, D, Ageron, M, Agram, J, Baulieu, G, Bedjidian, M, Blaha, J, Bonnevaux, A, Boudoul, G, Chabanat, E, Combaret, C, Contardo, D, Della Negra, R, Depasse, P, Dupasquier, T, El Mamouni, H, Estre, N, Fay, J, Gascon, S, Giraud, N, Girerd, C, Haroutunian, R, Ianigro, J, Ille, B, Lethuillier, M, Lumb, N, Mathez, H, Maurelli, G, Mirabito, L, Perries, S, Ravat, O, Kvatadze, R, Roinishvili, V, Adolphi, R, Brauer, R, Braunschweig, W, Esser, H, Feld, L, Heister, A, Karpinski, W, Klein, K, Kukulies, C, Olzem, J, Ostapchuk, A, Pandoulas, D, Pierschel, G, Raupach, F, Schael, S, Schwering, G, Thomas, M, Weber, M, Wittmer, B, Wlochal, M, Adolf, A, Biallass, P, Bontenackels, M, Erdmann, M, Fesefeldt, H, Hebbeker, T, Hermann, S, Hilgers, G, Hoepfner, K, Hof, C, Kappler, S, Kirsch, M, Lanske, D, Philipps, B, Reithler, H, Rommerskirchen, T, Sowa, M, Szczesny, H, Tonutti, M, Tsigenov, O, Beissel, F, Davids, M, Duda, M, Flugge, G, Franke, T, Giffels, M, Hermanns, T, Heydhausen, D, Kasselmann, S, Kaussen, G, Kress, T, Linn, A, Nowack, A, Poettgens, M, Pooth, O, Stahl, A, Tornier, D, Flossdorf, A, Hegner, B, Mnich, J, Rosemann, C, Flucke, G, Holm, U, Klanner, R, Pein, U, Schirm, N, Schleper, P, Steinbruck, G, Stoye, M, Van Staa, R, Wick, K, Blum, P, Buege, V, De Boer, W, Dirkes, G, Fahrer, M, Feindt, M, Felzmann, U, Menendez, J, Frey, M, Furgeri, A, Hartmann, F, Heier, S, Jung, C, Ledermann, B, Muller, T, Niegel, M, Oehler, A, Gomez, T, Piasecki, C, Quast, G, Rabbertz, K, Saout, C, Scheurer, A, Schieferdecker, D, Schmidt, A, Simonis, H, Theel, A, Vest, A, Weiler, T, Weiser, C, Weng, J, Zhukov, V, Karapostoli, G, Katsas, P, Kreuzer, P, Panagiotou, A, Papadimitropoulos, C, Anagnostou, G, Barone, M, Geralis, T, Kalfas, C, Koimas, A, Kyriakis, A, Kyriazopoulou, S, Loukas, D, Markou, A, Markou, C, Mavrommatis, C, Theofilatos, K, Vermisoglou, G, Zachariadou, A, Aslanoglou, X, Evangelou, I, Kokkas, P, Manthos, N, Papadopoulos, I, Sidiropoulos, G, Triantis, F, Bencze, G, Boldizsar, L, Hajdu, C, Horvath, D, Laszlo, A, Odor, G, Sikler, F, Toth, N, Vesztergombi, G, Zalan, P, Molnar, J, Beni, N, Kapusi, A, Marian, G, Raics, P, Szabo, Z, Szillasi, Z, Zilizi, G, Bawa, H, Beri, S, Bhandari, V, Bhatnagar, V, Kaur, M, Kaur, R, Kohli, J, Kumar, A, Singh, J, Bhardwaj, A, Bhattacharya, S, Chatterji, S, Chauhan, S, Choudhary, B, Gupta, P, Jha, M, Ranjan, K, Shivpuri, R, Srivastava, A, Borkar, S, Dixit, M, Ghodgaonkar, M, Kataria, S, Lalwani, S, Mishra, V, Mohanty, A, Topkar, A, Aziz, T, Banerjee, S, Bose, S, Cheere, N, Chendvankar, S, Deshpande, P, Guchait, M, Gurtu, A, Maity, M, Majumder, G, Mazumdar, K, Nayak, A, Patil, M, Sharma, S, Sudhakar, K, Tonwar, S, Acharya, B, Bheesette, S, Dugad, S, Kalmani, S, Lakkireddi, V, Mondal, N, Panyam, N, Verma, P, Arabgol, M, Arfaei, H, Hashemi, M, Mohammadi, M, Najafabadi, M, Moshaii, A, Mehdiabadi, S, Grunewald, M, Abbrescia, M, Barbone, L, Colaleo, A, Creanza, D, De Filippis, N, De Palma, M, Donvito, G, Fiore, L, Giordano, D, Iaselli, G, Loddo, F, Maggi, G, Maggi, M, Manna, N, Marangelli, B, Mennea, M, My, S, Natali, S, Nuzzo, S, Pugliese, G, Radicci, V, Ranieri, A, Romano, F, Selvaggi, G, Silvestris, L, Tempesta, P, Trentadue, R, Zito, G, Abbiendi, G, Bacchi, W, Benvenuti, A, Bonacorsi, D, Braibant Giacomelli, S, Capiluppi, P, Cavallo, F, Ciocca, C, Codispoti, G, D'Antone, I, Dallavalle, G, Fabbri, F, Fanfani, A, Giacomelli, P, Grandi, C, Guerzoni, M, Guiducci, L, Marcellini, S, Masetti, G, Montanari, A, Navarria, F, Odorici, F, Perrotta, A, Rossi, A, Rovelli, T, Siroli, G, Travaglini, R, Albergo, S, Chiorboli, M, Costa, S, Galanti, M, Rotondo, G, Noto, F, Potenza, R, Russo, G, Tricomi, A, Tuve, C, Bocci, A, Ciraolo, G, Ciulli, V, Civinini, C, D'Alessandro, R, Focardi, E, Genta, C, Lenzi, P, Macchiolo, A, Magini, N, Manolescu, F, Marchettini, C, Masetti, L, Mersi, S, Meschini, M, Paoletti, S, Parrini, G, Ranieri, R, Sani, M, Fabbricatore, P, Farinon, S, Greco, M, Cattaneo, G, De Min, A, Dominoni, M, Farina, F, Ferri, F, Ghezzi, A, Govoni, P, Leporini, R, Magni, S, Malberti, M, Malvezzi, S, Marelli, S, Menasce, D, Moroni, L, Negri, P, Paganoni, M, Pedrini, D, Pullia, A, Ragazzi, S, Redaelli, N, Rovelli, C, Rovere, M, Sala, L, Sala, S, Salerno, R, TABARELLI DE FATIS, T, Vigano, S, Comunale, G, Fabozzi, F, Lomidze, D, Mele, S, Paolucci, P, Piccolo, D, Polese, G, Sciacca, C, Azzi, P, Bacchetta, N, Bellato, M, Benettoni, M, Bisello, D, Borsato, E, Candelori, A, Checchia, P, Conti, E, De Mattia, M, Dorigo, T, Drollinger, V, Fanzago, F, Gasparini, F, Gasparini, U, Giarin, M, Giubilato, P, Gonella, F, Kaminskiy, A, Karaevskii, S, Khomenkov, V, Lacaprara, S, Lippi, I, Loreti, M, Lytovchenko, O, Mazzucato, M, Meneguzzo, A, Michelotto, M, Montecassiano, F, Nigro, M, Passaseo, M, Pegoraro, M, Rampazzo, G, Ronchese, P, Torassa, E, Ventura, S, Zanetti, M, Zotto, P, Zumerle, G, Belli, G, Berzano, U, De Vecchi, C, Guida, R, Necchi, M, Ratti, S, Riccardi, C, Sani, G, Torre, P, Vitulo, P, Ambroglini, F, Babucci, E, Benedetti, D, Biasini, M, Bilei, G, Caponeri, B, Checcucci, B, Fano, L, Lariccia, P, Mantovani, G, Passeri, D, Pioppi, M, Placidi, P, Postolache, V, Ricci, D, Santocchia, A, Servoli, L, Spiga, D, Azzurri, P, Bagliesi, G, Basti, A, Benucci, L, Bernardini, J, Boccali, T, Borrello, L, Bosi, F, Calzolari, F, Castaldi, R, Cerri, C, Cucoanes, A, D'Alfonso, M, Dell'Orso, R, Dutta, S, Foa, L, Gennai, S, Giammanco, A, Giassi, A, Kartashov, D, Ligabue, F, Linari, S, Lomtadze, T, Lungu, G, Mangano, B, Martinelli, G, Massa, M, Messineo, A, Moggi, A, Palla, F, Palmonari, F, Petrucciani, G, Raffaelli, F, Rizzi, A, Sanguinetti, G, Segneri, G, Sentenac, D, Serban, A, Sguazzoni, G, Slav, A, Spagnolo, P, Tenchini, R, Tonelli, G, Venturi, A, Verdini, P, Vos, M, Baccaro, S, Barone, L, Bartoloni, A, Cavallari, F, Costantini, S, Dafinei, I, Del Re, D, Diemoz, M, Gargiulo, C, Longo, E, Meridiani, P, Organtini, G, Rahatlou, S, Accomando, E, Arneodo, M, Ballestrero, A, Bellan, R, Biino, C, Bolognesi, S, Cartiglia, N, Cerminara, G, Cordero, M, Costa, M, Dellacasa, G, Demaria, N, Maina, E, Mariotti, C, Maselli, S, Mereu, P, Migliore, E, Monaco, V, Nervo, M, Obertino, M, Pastrone, N, Petrillo, G, Romero, A, Ruspa, M, Sacchi, R, Staiano, A, Trapani, P, Belforte, S, Cossutti, F, Della Ricca, G, Penzo, A, Cho, K, Ham, S, Han, D, Kim, D, Kim, G, Kim, J, Kim, W, Lee, M, Oh, S, Park, W, Ro, S, Son, D, Suh, J, Jung, S, Rhee, J, Hong, B, Hong, S, Lee, K, Park, I, Park, S, Sim, K, Won, E, Kim, S, Moreno, S, Valdez, H, Hernandez, A, Ibarguen, H, Pineda, A, Gray, R, Krofcheck, D, Rodrigues, N, Butler, P, Williams, J, Aftab, Z, Ahmad, M, Ahmad, U, Ahmed, I, Jan, J, Asghar, M, Asghar, S, Hafeez, M, Hoorani, H, Ibrahim, M, Iftikhar, M, Khan, M, Qaiser, N, Rehman, I, Solaija, T, Toor, S, Blocki, J, Cyz, A, Gladysz Dziadus, E, Mikocki, S, Turnau, J, Wlodarczyk, Z, Zychowski, P, Bunkowski, K, Czyrkowski, H, Dabrowski, R, Dominik, W, Doroba, K, Kalinowski, A, Konecki, M, Krolikowski, J, Kudla, I, Pietrusinski, M, Pozniak, K, Zabolotny, W, Zych, P, Bluj, M, Gokieli, R, Goscilo, L, Gorski, M, Nawrocki, K, Traczyk, P, Wrochna, G, Zalewski, P, Alemany Fernandez, R, Almeida, C, Almeida, N, Trindade, A, Bordalo, P, Rodrigues, P, Husejko, M, Jain, A, Kazana, M, Musella, P, Ramos, S, Da Silva, J, Ribeiro, P, Santos, M, Semiao, J, Silva, P, Teixeira, I, Teixeira, J, Varela, J, Afanasiev, S, Babich, K, Belotelov, I, Elsha, V, Ershov, Y, Filozova, I, Golunov, A, Golutvin, I, Gorbounov, N, Gramenitski, I, Kalagin, V, Kamenev, A, Karjavin, V, Khabarov, S, Khabarov, V, Kiryushin, Y, Konoplyanikov, V, Korenkov, V, Kozlov, G, Kurenkov, A, Lanev, A, Lysiakov, V, Malakhov, A, Melnitchenko, I, Mitsyn, V, Moisenz, K, Moisenz, P, Movchan, S, Nikonov, E, Oleynik, D, Palichik, V, Perelygin, V, Petrosyan, A, Rogalev, E, Samsonov, V, Savina, M, Semenov, R, Shmatov, S, Shulha, S, Smirnov, V, Smolin, D, Tcheremoukhine, A, Teryaev, O, Tikhonenko, E, Vassiliev, S, Vishnevskiy, A, Volodko, A, Zamiatin, N, Zarubin, A, Zarubin, P, Zubarev, E, Bondar, N, Golovtsov, V, Golyash, A, Ivanov, Y, Kim, V, Kozlov, V, Lebedev, V, Makarenkov, G, Orishchin, E, Shevel, A, Sknar, V, Smirnov, I, Sulimov, V, Tarakanov, V, Uvarov, L, Velichko, G, Volkov, S, Vorobyev, A, Andreev, Y, Anisimov, A, Gninenko, S, Golubev, N, Gorbunov, D, Kirsanov, M, Kovzelev, A, Krasnikov, N, Matveev, V, Pashenkov, A, Postoev, V, Sadovski, A, Solovey, A, Soloviev, D, Stepanova, L, Toropin, A, Gavrilov, V, Ilina, N, Kaftanov, V, Kiselevich, I, Kolosov, V, Kossov, M, Krokhotin, A, Kuleshov, S, Oulianov, A, Safronov, G, Semenov, S, Stolin, V, Vlasov, E, Zaytsev, V, Fomenko, A, Konovalova, N, Lebedev, A, Lvova, N, Rusakov, S, Terkulov, A, Boos, E, Dubinin, M, Dudko, L, Ershov, A, Gribushin, A, Ilyin, V, Klyukhin, V, Kodolova, O, Lokhtin, I, Petrushanko, S, Sarycheva, L, Savrin, V, Sherstnev, A, Snigirev, A, Teplov, K, Vardanyan, I, Abramov, V, Azhguirei, I, Bitioukov, S, Datsko, K, Filine, A, Goncharov, P, Grishin, V, Inyakin, A, Kachanov, V, Khmelnikov, A, Konstantinov, D, Korablev, A, Krychkine, V, Levine, A, Lobov, I, Pikalov, V, Ryutin, R, Slabospitsky, S, Sourkov, A, Sytine, A, Tourtchanovitch, L, Troshin, S, Tyurin, N, Uzunian, A, Volkov, A, Zelepoukine, S, Adzic, P, Krpic, D, Maletic, D, Milenovic, P, Puzovic, J, Smiljkovic, N, Zupan, M, Aguilar Benitez, M, Alberdi, J, Maestre, J, Martin, M, Arce, P, Barcala, J, Lazaro, C, Bejar, J, Calvo, E, Montes, M, Cerrada, M, Llatas, M, Colino, N, Daniel, M, De La Cruz, B, Bedoya, C, Ferrando, A, Fouz, M, Garcia Abia, P, Hernandez, J, Josa, M, Luque, J, Marin, J, Merino, G, Molinero, A, Navarrete, J, Oller, J, Calle, E, Romero, L, Salicio, J, Munoz, C, Willmott, C, Yuste, C, Albajar, C, De Troconiz, J, Fernandez, M, Jimenez, I, Teixeira, R, Cuevas, J, Lopez, J, Sordo, H, Garcia, J, Calderon, A, Fernandez, D, Merino, I, Moral, L, Gomezo, G, Cabellero, I, Sanchez, J, Virto, A, Marco, J, Marco, R, Rivero, C, Del Arbol, P, Matorras, F, Revuelta, A, Rodrigo, T, Gonzalez, D, Jimeno, A, Sanudo, M, Vila, I, Cortabitarte, R, Abbaneo, D, Abbas, S, Agostino, L, Akhtar, S, Amapane, N, Meleiro, B, Argiro, S, Ashby, S, Aspell, P, Auffray, E, Axer, M, Ball, A, Bangert, N, Barney, D, Bernet, C, Bialas, W, Bloch, C, Bloch, P, Bonacini, S, Bosteels, M, Boyer, V, Branson, A, Brett, A, Breuker, H, Bruneliere, R, Buchmuller, O, Campi, D, Camporesi, T, Cano, E, Carrone, E, Cattai, A, Chierici, R, Christiansen, T, Cittolin, S, Corrin, E, Corvo, M, Cucciarelli, S, Cure, B, De Roeck, A, Delikaris, D, Della Negra, M, D'Enterria, D, Dierlamm, A, Elliott Peisert, A, Eppard, M, Foeth, H, Folch, R, Fratianni, S, Wfunk, O, Gaddi, A, Gastal, M, Gayde, J, Gerwig, H, Gill, K, Giolo Nicollerat, A, Glege, F, Garrido, R, Goudard, R, Gutleber, J, Hansen, M, Hartert, J, Herve, A, Hoffmann, H, Honma, A, Huhtinen, M, Iles, G, Innocente, V, Jank, W, Janot, P, Kloukinas, K, Lasseur, C, Lebeau, M, Lecoq, P, Leonidopoulos, C, Letheren, M, Ljuslin, C, Loos, R, Magazzu, G, Malgeri, L, Mannelli, M, Marchioro, A, Meijers, F, Meschi, E, Moser, R, Mulders, M, Nash, J, Ofierzynski, R, Oh, A, Olbrechts, P, Onnela, A, Orsini, L, Pal, I, Papotti, G, Paramatti, R, Passardi, G, Solano, B, Perinic, G, Petagna, P, Petrilli, A, Pfeiffer, A, Pimia, M, Pintus, R, Postema, H, Principe, R, Pelayo, J, Racz, A, Rehn, J, Reynaud, S, Risoldi, M, Moreira, P, Rolandi, G, Rosinsky, P, Rumerio, P, Sakulin, H, Samyn, D, Schilling, F, Schwick, C, Schafer, C, Segoni, I, Sharma, A, Siegrist, P, Sinanis, N, Sphicas, P, Spiropulu, M, Szoncso, F, Teller, O, Treille, D, Troska, J, Tsesmelis, E, Tsirigkas, D, Tsirou, A, Ungaro, D, Vasey, F, Acosta, M, Veillet, L, Vichoudis, P, Wertelaers, P, Wijnant, A, Wilhelmsson, M, Willers, I, Bertl, W, Deiters, K, Erdmann, W, Gabathuler, K, Heising, S, Horisberger, R, Ingram, Q, Kaestli, H, Kotlinski, D, Konig, S, Renker, D, Rohe, T, Spira, M, Betev, B, Davatz, G, Dissertori, G, Dittmar, M, Djambazov, L, Ehlers, J, Eichler, R, Faber, G, Freudenreich, K, Fuchs, J, Grab, C, Holzner, A, Ingenito, P, Langenegger, U, Lecomte, P, Leshev, G, Lister, A, Luckey, P, Lustermann, W, Maillefaud, J, Moortgat, F, Nardulli, A, Nessi Tedaldi, F, Pape, L, Pauss, F, Rykaczewski, H, Roser, U, Schinzel, D, Starodumov, A, Stockli, F, Suter, H, Tauscher, L, Trub, P, Von Gunten, H, Wensveen, M, Alagoz, E, Amsler, C, Chiochia, V, Hoermann, C, Prokofiev, K, Regenfus, C, Robmann, P, Speer, T, Steiner, S, Wilke, L, Blyth, S, Chang, Y, Chen, E, Go, A, Hung, C, Kuo, C, Lin, W, Chang, P, Chao, Y, Chen, K, Gao, Z, Hsiung, Y, Lei, Y, Schumann, J, Shiu, J, Ueno, K, Velikzhanin, Y, Yeh, P, Aydin, S, Bakirci, M, Cerci, S, Dumanoglu, I, Erturk, S, Esen, S, Eskut, E, Topaksu, A, Kurt, P, Ozkurt, H, Polatoz, A, Sogut, K, Topakli, H, Vergili, M, Yetkin, T, Onengut, G, Gamsizkan, H, Ozkan, C, Sekmen, S, Serin Zeyrek, M, Sever, R, Yazgan, E, Zeyrek, M, Cakir, A, Cankocak, K, Deliomeroglu, M, Demir, D, Dindar, K, Gulmez, E, Isiksal, E, Kaya, M, Kaya, O, Ozkorucuklu, S, Sonmez, N, Grinev, B, Lyubynskiy, V, Senchyshyn, V, Levchuk, L, Sorokin, P, Bailey, D, Barrass, T, Brooke, J, Croft, R, Cussans, D, Evans, D, Frazier, R, Grant, N, Heath, G, Heath, H, Huckvale, B, Lynch, C, Mackay, C, Metson, S, Newbold, D, Smith, V, Tapper, R, Baird, S, Bell, K, Brown, R, Cockerill, D, Coughlan, J, Flower, P, Francis, V, French, M, Greenhalgh, J, Halsall, R, Hill, J, Jones, L, Kennedy, B, Lintern, L, Lodge, A, Maddox, J, Morrissey, Q, Murray, P, Pearson, M, Quinton, S, Salisbury, J, Shah, A, Shepherd Themistocleous, C, Smith, B, Sproston, M, Stephenson, R, Taghavirad, S, Tomalin, I, Arteche, F, Bainbridge, R, Barber, G, Barrillon, P, Beuselinck, R, Blekman, F, Britton, D, Colling, D, Daskalakis, G, Dewhirst, G, Dris, S, Foudas, C, Fulcher, J, Greder, S, Hall, G, Jones, J, Leaver, J, Macevoy, B, Maroney, O, Nikitenko, A, Papageorgiou, A, Raymond, D, Ryan, M, Seez, C, Sharp, P, Takahashi, M, Timlin, C, Virdee, T, Wakefield, S, Wingham, M, Zabi, A, Zhang, Y, Zorba, O, Da Via, C, Goitom, I, Hobson, P, Kyberd, P, Munro, C, Nebrensky, J, Reid, I, Sharif, O, Taylor, R, Teodorescu, L, Watts, S, Yaselli, I, Hazen, E, Heering, A, Lazic, D, Machado, E, Osborne, D, Rohlf, J, Sulak, L, Rodriguez, F, Wu, S, Cutts, D, Hooper, R, Landsberg, G, Partridge, R, Vanini, S, Breedon, R, Case, M, Chertok, M, Conway, J, Cox, P, Erbacher, R, Gunion, J, Holbrook, B, Ko, W, Lander, R, Pellett, D, Smith, J, Soha, A, Tripathi, M, Vogt, R, Andreev, V, Arisaka, K, Cline, D, Cousins, R, Erhan, S, Felcini, M, Hauser, J, Ignatenko, M, Lisowski, B, Matlock, D, Matthey, C, Mohr, B, Mumford, J, Otwinowski, S, Rakness, G, Schlein, P, Shi, Y, Tucker, J, Valuev, V, Wallny, R, Wang, H, Yang, X, Zheng, Y, Clare, R, Fortin, D, Futyan, D, Gary, J, Giunta, M, Hanson, G, Jeng, G, Kao, S, Pasztor, G, Satpathy, A, Shen, B, Stringer, R, Sytnik, V, Wilken, R, Zer Zion, D, Branson, J, Dusinberre, E, Letts, J, Martin, T, Mojaver, M, Paar, H, Pi, H, Pieri, M, Rana, A, Sharma, V, White, A, Wurthwein, F, Affolder, A, Campagnari, C, Hill, C, Incandela, J, Kyre, S, Lamb, J, Richman, J, Stuart, D, White, D, Albert, J, Bornheim, A, Bunn, J, Chen, J, Denis, G, Galvez, P, Gataullin, M, Legrand, I, Litvine, V, Ma, Y, Nae, D, Newman, H, Ravot, S, Shevchenko, S, Singh, S, Steenberg, C, Su, X, Timciuc, V, Van Lingen, F, Veverka, J, Voicu, B, Weinstein, A, Wilkinson, R, Yang, Y, Zhang, L, Zhu, K, Zhu, R, Ferguson, T, Paulini, M, Russ, J, Terentyev, N, Vogel, H, Vorobiev, I, Cumalat, J, Ford, W, Johnson, D, Nauenberg, U, Stenson, K, Wagner, S, Alexander, J, Cassel, D, Ecklund, K, Heltsley, B, Jones, C, Kuznetsov, V, Patterson, J, Ryd, A, Thom, J, Wittich, P, Beetz, C, Cirino, G, Podrasky, V, Sanzeni, C, Winn, D, Abdullin, S, Afaq, M, Albrow, M, Amundson, J, Apollinari, G, Atac, M, Badgett, W, Bakken, J, Baldin, B, Bauerdick, L, Baumbaugh, A, Baur, U, Bhat, P, Borcherding, F, Burkett, K, Butler, J, Cheung, H, Churin, I, Cihangir, S, Demarteau, M, Eartly, D, Elias, J, Elvira, V, Fisk, I, Freeman, J, Gartung, P, Geurts, F, Glenzinski, D, Gottschalk, E, Graham, G, Green, D, Guglielmo, G, Guo, Y, Gutsche, O, Hahn, A, Hanlon, J, Hansen, S, Harris, R, Hesselroth, T, Holm, S, Holzman, B, Iqbal, S, James, E, Johnson, M, Joshi, U, Klima, B, Kowalkowski, J, Kramer, T, Kwan, S, La Vallie, E, Larwill, M, Los, S, Lueking, L, Lukhanin, G, Lusin, S, Maeshima, K, Mcbride, P, Murray, S, O'Dell, V, Paterno, M, Patrick, J, Petravick, D, Pordes, R, Prokofyev, O, Rasmislovich, V, Ratnikova, N, Ronzhin, A, Sekhri, V, Sexton Kennedy, E, Shaw, T, Skow, D, Smith, R, Spalding, W, Spiegel, L, Stavrianakou, M, Stiehr, G, Suzuki, I, Tan, P, Tanenbaum, W, Tkaczyk, S, Veseli, S, Vidal, R, Wenzel, H, Whitmore, J, Womersley, W, Wu, W, Wu, Y, Yagil, A, Yarba, J, Yun, J, Acosta, D, Avery, P, Barashko, V, Bartalini, P, Bourilkov, D, Cavanaugh, R, Drozdetskiy, A, Field, R, Fu, Y, Gray, L, Holmes, D, Kim, B, Klimenko, S, Konigsberg, J, Korytov, A, Kotov, K, Levchenko, P, Madorsky, A, Matchev, K, Mitselmakher, G, Pakhotin, Y, Prescott, C, Ramond, P, Rodriguez, J, Schmitt, M, Scurlock, B, Stoeck, H, Yelton, J, Boeglin, W, Gaultney, V, Kramer, L, Linn, S, Markowitz, P, Martinez, G, Raue, B, Reinhold, J, Askew, A, Bertoldi, M, Dharmaratna, W, Gershtein, Y, Hagopian, S, Hagopian, V, Jenkins, M, Johnson, K, Prosper, H, Wahl, H, Baarmand, M, Baksay, L, Guragain, S, Hohlmann, M, Mermerkaya, H, Ralich, R, Vodopiyanov, I, Adams, M, Betts, R, Gerber, C, Shabalina, E, Smith, C, Ten, T, Akgun, U, Ayan, A, Cooper, A, Debbins, P, Duru, F, Fountain, M, George, N, Mccliment, E, Merlo, J, Mestvirishvili, A, Miller, M, Newsom, C, Norbeck, E, Onel, Y, Schmidt, I, Wang, S, Anderson, E, Atramentov, O, Hauptman, J, Lamsa, J, Barnett, B, Blumenfeld, B, Chien, C, Maksimovic, P, Spangler, S, Swartz, M, Baringer, P, Bean, A, Coppage, D, Grachov, O, Kim, E, Murray, M, Bandurin, D, Bolton, T, Khanov, A, Maravin, Y, Onoprienko, D, Rizatdinova, F, Sidwell, R, Stanton, N, Von Toerne, E, Baden, D, Bard, R, Eno, S, Grassi, T, Hadley, N, Kellogg, R, Kunori, S, Ratnikov, F, Skuja, A, Arcidiacono, R, Ballintijn, M, Bauer, G, Harris, P, Kravchenko, I, Loizides, C, Nahn, S, Paus, C, Pavlon, S, Roland, C, Roland, G, Sumorok, K, Vaurynovich, S, Veres, G, Wyslouch, B, Bailleux, D, Corum, S, Cushman, P, De Benedetti, A, Dolgopolov, A, Egeland, R, Franzoni, G, Gilbert, W, Grahl, J, Haupt, J, Kubota, Y, Mans, J, Pearson, N, Rusack, R, Singovsky, A, Cremaldi, L, Godang, R, Kroeger, R, Sanders, D, Summers, D, Bloom, K, Claes, D, Dominguez, A, Eads, M, Lundstedt, C, Malik, S, Snow, G, Sobol, A, Iashvili, I, Kharchilava, A, Alverson, G, Barberis, E, Boeriu, O, Eulisse, G, Musienko, Y, Muzaffar, S, Osborne, I, Reucroft, S, Swain, J, Taylor, L, Tuura, L, Wood, D, Gobbi, B, Kubantsev, M, Schellman, H, Spencer, E, Velasco, M, Baumbaugh, B, Cason, N, Hildreth, M, Karmgard, D, Marinelli, N, Ruchti, R, Warchol, J, Wayne, M, Bylsma, B, Durkin, L, Gilmore, J, Gu, J, Herman, D, Killewald, P, Knobbe, K, Ling, T, Elmer, P, Marlow, D, Piroue, P, Stickland, D, Tully, C, Wildish, T, Wynhoff, S, Xie, Z, Apresyan, A, Arndt, K, Banicz, K, Barnes, V, Bolla, G, Bortoletto, D, Bujak, A, Garfinkel, A, Lopez, O, Gutay, L, Ippolito, N, Kozhevnikov, Y, Laasanen, A, Liu, C, Maroussov, V, Merkel, P, Miller, D, Miyamoto, J, Neumeister, N, Rott, C, Roy, A, Sedov, A, Shipsey, I, Parashar, N, Eppley, G, Lee, S, Liu, J, Matveev, M, Nussbaum, T, Padley, B, Roberts, J, Tumanov, A, Yepes, P, Bodek, A, Budd, H, Chung, Y, De Barbaro, P, Demina, R, Eusebi, R, Ginther, G, Gotra, Y, Hocker, A, Husemann, U, Korjenevski, S, Sakumoto, W, Slattery, P, Tipton, P, Zielinski, M, Bartz, E, Doroshenko, J, Halkiadakis, E, Jacques, P, Kalelkar, M, Khits, D, Lath, A, Macpherson, A, Perera, L, Plano, R, Rose, K, Schnetzer, S, Somalwar, S, Stone, R, Thomson, G, Watts, T, Akchurin, N, Carrell, K, Gumus, K, Jeong, C, Kim, H, Papadimitriou, V, Sill, A, Spezziga, M, Washington, E, Wigmans, R, Bapty, T, Engh, D, Johns, W, Keskinpala, T, Lopez, E, Neema, S, Nordstrom, S, Pathak, S, Sheldon, P, Vaandering, E, Webster, M, Arenton, M, Conetti, S, Cox, B, Hirosky, R, Imlay, R, Ledovskoy, A, Phillips, D, Powell, H, Ronquest, M, Smith, D, Baek, Y, Bellinger, J, Bradley, D, Carlsmith, D, Crotty, I, Dasu, S, Feyzi, F, Gorski, T, Grothe, M, Hogg, W, Jaworski, M, Klabbers, P, Lanaro, A, Loveless, R, De Abril, M, Reeder, D, Smith, W, Wenman, D, Atoyan, G, Dhawan, S, Issakov, V, Neal, H, Poblaguev, A, Zeller, M, Yuldashev, B, TR1918, Demir, Durmuş Ali, Izmir Institute of Technology. Physics, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi, Fizik Bölümü, and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics beyond the Standard Model, Large Hadron Collider (LHC), 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, HIGGS-BOSON PRODUCTION, TO-LEADING-ORDER, PRODUCTION CROSS-SECTION, LARGE HADRON COLLIDER, SUPERSYMMETRIC STANDARD MODEL, ELECTROWEAK SYMMETRY-BREAKING, LARGE TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM, B-C MESON, SUPERCONDUCTING SUPER COLLIDER, SOFTLY BROKEN SUPERSYMMETRY, Vector boson, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, PARTICLE PHYSICS, CMS, Energy density, technical design report, CERN, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Physics, Large Hadron Collider, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Supersymmetry, Physics and Astronomy (all), Nuclear and High Energy Physics, FIS/01 - FISICA SPERIMENTALE, High-density QCD matter, Higgs boson, CMS, LHC, Physics, particles, Higgs, particle physics, detector, accelerator, Particle physics, Standard Model, Settore FIS/03 - Fisica della Materia, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Settore MAT/07 - Fisica Matematica, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Little Higgs, pp, LHC, Higgs, supersymmetry, heavy ion, High Energy Physics::Experiment, CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC), Parton momentum fraction, Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model
Abstract

CMS is a general purpose experiment, designed to study the physics of pp collisions at 14 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). It currently involves more than 2000 physicists from more than 150 institutes and 37 countries. The LHC will provide extraordinary opportunities for particle physics based on its unprecedented collision energy and luminosity when it begins operation in 2007. The principal aim of this report is to present the strategy of CMS to explore the rich physics programme offered by the LHC. This volume demonstrates the physics capability of the CMS experiment. The prime goals of CMS are to explore physics at the TeV scale and to study the mechanism of electroweak symmetry breaking - through the discovery of the Higgs particle or otherwise. To carry out this task, CMS must be prepared to search for new particles, such as the Higgs boson or supersymmetric partners of the Standard Model particles, from the start-up of the LHC since new physics at the TeV scale may manifest itself with modest data samples of the order of a few fb-1 or less. The analysis tools that have been developed are applied to study in great detail and with all the methodology of performing an analysis on CMS data specific benchmark processes upon which to gauge the performance of CMS. These processes cover several Higgs boson decay channels, the production and decay of new particles such as Z′ and supersymmetric particles, Bs production and processes in heavy ion collisions. The simulation of these benchmark processes includes subtle effects such as possible detector miscalibration and misalignment. Besides these benchmark processes, the physics reach of CMS is studied for a large number of signatures arising in the Standard Model and also in theories beyond the Standard Model for integrated luminosities ranging from 1 fb-1 to 30 fb-1. The Standard Model processes include QCD, B-physics, diffraction, detailed studies of the top quark properties, and electroweak physics topics such as the W and Z0 boson properties. The production and decay of the Higgs particle is studied for many observable decays, and the precision with which the Higgs boson properties can be derived is determined. About ten different supersymmetry benchmark points are analysed using full simulation. The CMS discovery reach is evaluated in the SUSY parameter space covering a large variety of decay signatures. Furthermore, the discovery reach for a plethora of alternative models for new physics is explored, notably extra dimensions, new vector boson high mass states, little Higgs models, technicolour and others. Methods to discriminate between models have been investigated. This report is organized as follows. Chapter 1, the Introduction, describes the context of this document. Chapters 2-6 describe examples of full analyses, with photons, electrons, muons, jets, missing E T, B-mesons and τ's, and for quarkonia in heavy ion collisions. Chapters 7-15 describe the physics reach for Standard Model processes, Higgs discovery and searches for new physics beyond the Standard Model. © 2007 IOP Publishing Ltd.

Published
2007
Full Text
View/download PDF

35. Laboratory and testbeam results for thin and epitaxial planar sensors for HL-LHC

Author

Fabio Ravera, M. Bubna, Gino Bolla, Ian Shipsey, Lorenzo Uplegger, K. Khan, A. Prosser, Michael J. Manfra, Ashok Kumar, Dario Menasce, Enrico Robutti, N. Hinton, Kirk Arndt, J. Chramowicz, Daniela Bortoletto, Ryan Rivera, Marco Costa, M. Lo Vetere, C. M. Lei, Fabrizio Ferro, Andrew Godshalk, and Luigi Moroni

Subjects
Fabrication, Pixel, Silicon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, chemistry.chemical_element, Particle detector, Planar, chemistry, Optoelectronics, Wafer, business, Instrumentation, Image resolution, Radiation hardening, Mathematical Physics
Abstract

The High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) upgrade of the CMS pixel detector will require the development of novel pixel sensors which can withstand the increase in instantaneous luminosity to L = 5 × 1034 cm–2s–1 and collect ~ 3000fb–1 of data. The innermost layer of the pixel detector will be exposed to doses of about 1016 neq/ cm2. Hence, new pixel sensors with improved radiation hardness need to be investigated. A variety of silicon materials (Float-zone, Magnetic Czochralski and Epitaxially grown silicon), with thicknesses from 50 μm to 320 μm in p-type and n-type substrates have been fabricated using single-sided processing. The effect of reducing the sensor active thickness to improve radiation hardness by using various techniques (deep diffusion, wafer thinning, or growing epitaxial silicon on a handle wafer) has been studied. Furthermore, the results for electrical characterization, charge collection efficiency, and position resolution of various n-on-p pixel sensors with different substrates and different pixel geometries (different bias dot gaps and pixel implant sizes) will be presented.

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

36. The design, performance and status of the CLEO III silicon detector and low noise electronics

Author

R. Boyd, John Oliver, K. K. Gan, C. Ward, G. W. Brandenburg, B. Nemati, N. Menon, James E. Fast, R. D. Kass, P. I. Hopman, Yang Gao, H. Kagan, C. Bebek, D. H. Miller, J. P. Alexander, J. Cherwinka, M. M. Zoeller, Kirk Arndt, C. Rush, P. C. Kim, Ian Shipsey, P. Skubic, J. E. Duboscq, M. B. Spencer, C. Darling, A. D. Foland, M. Yurko, and Alice Bean

Subjects
Physics, Silicon, business.industry, Detector, Electrical engineering, chemistry.chemical_element, Gallium nitride, Particle detector, chemistry.chemical_compound, Upgrade, chemistry, Nuclear electronics, Electronics, Cornell Electron Storage Ring, business
Abstract

The Cornell Electron Storage Ring is being upgraded to produce luminosities in excess of 10/sup 33/ cm/sup -2/s/sup -1/. To take full advantage of the physics access the machine will provide, we will perform a major upgrade of the CLEO detector including the construction of a new silicon vertex detector. In this paper we describe the status of the design, development and prototyping for the silicon project.

Published
2002
Full Text
View/download PDF

37. Active cooling control of the CLEO detector using a hydrocarbon coolant farm

Author

J. Cherwinka, L. P. Perera, D. Cinabro, C. Ward, B. Gittelman, Seung J. Lee, Kirk Arndt, Andreas Warburton, D. Tournear, J. Fast, A. Smith, S. McGee, M.A. Palmer, and C. Bebek

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Cherenkov detector, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Mechanical engineering, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, law.invention, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), law, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, Physics, Virtual instrumentation, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, Programmable logic controller, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Modular design, Coolant, Control system, Active cooling, business
Abstract

We describe a novel approach to particle-detector cooling in which a modular farm of active coolant-control platforms provides independent and regulated heat removal from four recently upgraded subsystems of the CLEO detector: the ring-imaging Cherenkov detector, the drift chamber, the silicon vertex detector, and the beryllium beam pipe. We report on several aspects of the system: the suitability of using the aliphatic-hydrocarbon solvent PF(TM)-200IG as a heat-transfer fluid, the sensor elements and the mechanical design of the farm platforms, a control system that is founded upon a commercial programmable logic controller employed in industrial process-control applications, and a diagnostic system based on virtual instrumentation. We summarize the system's performance and point out the potential application of the design to future high-energy physics apparatus., Comment: 21 pages, LaTeX, 5 PostScript figures; version accepted for publication in Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A

Published
2001
Full Text
View/download PDF

38. Leakage current measurements of high voltage ceramic capacitors

Author

M. Atac, Neeti Parashar, G. Sellberg, B. Gobbi, S Los, Kirk Arndt, and E. Spencer

Subjects
Accuracy and precision, Materials science, business.industry, Electrical engineering, High voltage, Fluence, law.invention, Capacitor, law, Optoelectronics, Irradiation, business, Ceramic capacitor, Ampere, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Leakage (electronics)
Abstract

Leakage currents of NOVACAP Company NPO surface mount high voltage multilayer ceramic capacitors, type LS1808N102K302NX080, were measured before and after irradiation by 200MeV protons at a fluence of 5 × 1014/cm2. Two banks of 20 capacitors showed that the leakage current was < 1 × 10−11 ampere. As we see from the results, the average current was very close to zero and the measurement accuracy was limited by the equipment sensitivity and the experimental setup noise.

Published
2006
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results