Search

This zipped content contains Lidar raw data: Raw 10-minute files of 1 Hz data files from 53-200m amsl from October-December 2021.

This zipped content contains Lidar raw data: Raw 10-minute files of 1 Hz data files from 53-200m amsl from January-March 2022.

Meteorological tower daily data for 2022

This zipped content contains Lidar summary data: Daily 10-minute average files from 53-200m amsl for 2022.

This zipped content contains Lidar raw data: Raw 10-minute files of 1 Hz data files from 53-200m amsl from July-September 2022.

Meteorological tower monthly summary data for 2022

This zipped content contains Lidar raw data: Raw 10-minute files of 1 Hz data files from 53-200m amsl from January-March 2022.

This data was collected by Kirincich and Cinquino as part of a Metocean monitoring campaign sponsored by the National Offshore Wind Research and Development Consortium (NOWRDC). The campaign was designed to observe key atmospheric parameters at a land based site in the proximity of the Massachusetts and Rhode Island Wind Energy Areas for one year. This is part of a longer term effort to collect atmospheric and oceanic data at an existing offshore platform in the vicinity, which can be found here https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/handle/1912/27014. The campaign supported the purchase and installation of a LIDAR wind profiler at the Nantucket Test Site (NTS). This instrument was installed and operated by WHOI and validated by UL-AWS Truepower following a MetOcean Measurement Plan created by UL-AWST, WHOI, and NOWRDC. The LIDAR was installed at the NTS in November 2021 and operated continuously, as possible, through the end of 2023.

This zipped content contains Lidar summary data: Daily 10-minute average files from 53-200m amsl for 2021.

This zipped content contains Lidar raw data: Raw 10-minute files of 1 Hz data files from 53-200m amsl from October-December 2022.

Unit is located at a monitoring site, on the southern coast of Nantucket. There is a water treatment plant directly north of the lidar unit. There is a slight rise of the coastline/sand dunes directly South of the lidar unit. Once past the coastline/sand dunes the lidar is open to the Atlantic ocean.

Martha's Vineyard Coastal Observatory (MVCO) is a leading research and engineering facility operated by Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. MVCO has been collecting ocean and atmospheric data at 3 sites on and near Martha's Vineyard since 2001. A meteorological mast (met mast) on South Beach in Edgartown, MA has collected atmospheric data since May 31 2001. An Air Sea Interaction Tower (ASIT) has been collecting atmospheric and subsurface oceanic data since August 5, 2004. A seafloor node (12m node) has been collecting oceanic data from the seafloor since June 14, 2001. This dataset encompasses the core data (wind speed and direction, air pressure, temperature and relative humidity, water temperature and salinity, and wave data) that has been collected during this period. To learn more about the facility and see additional data collected during short term deployments, visit the MVCO Website (https://mvco.whoi.edu/).

This zipped content contains Lidar raw data: Raw 10-minute files of 1 Hz data files from 53-200m amsl from July-September 2022.

This zipped content contains Lidar raw data: Raw 10-minute files of 1 Hz data files from 53-200m amsl from April-June 2022.

This report compares the wind characteristics of Lidar WLS7 436, a Windcube v2.0 lidar, and Lidar ZX1166, a ZX Lidars ZX300M, comprising part of the Met Ocean Reference Station (MORS-1) situated on the Air-Sea Interaction Tower (ASIT) located approximately 3 km south of Martha’s Vineyard in 17-m of water. The ASIT is a cabled, fixed platform that has a maximum height of 23 m above mean sea level (MSL) and a platform located at 13 m MSL. The ASIT operates within the Martha’s Vineyard Coastal Observatory (MVCO) facility established in 2001 and is operated by Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI). Remote sensing data collection commenced at the ASIT in October 2016 with the initial deployment of Lidar WLS7 436 as part of a metocean initiative funded by the Massachusetts Clean Energy Center (MassCEC)1. WHOI later established the MORS-1 campaign in 2021. Lidar ZX1166, a calibrated ZX Lidars ZX300M, was deployed to the ASIT platform on 1 September 2021. Lidar WLS7 436 was removed from the platform on 8 October 2021. Site information, a table of concurrent mean wind speeds at each measurement level between 60 m and 200 m, scatterplots of concurrent wind speeds at each measurement level between 60 m and 200 m, wind speed frequency distributions and wind roses at two key measurement levels, and a plot of concurrent wind shear are presented below for the period that the two lidars were present on the ASIT platform. For their concurrent period of record, wind speed and direction data at the same measurement levels agreed closely between the two lidars.

This zipped content contains Lidar raw data: Raw 10-minute files of 1 Hz data files from 53-200m amsl from July-September 2021.

Martha's Vineyard Coastal Observatory (MVCO) is a leading research and engineering facility operated by Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. MVCO has been collecting ocean and atmospheric data at 3 sites on and near Martha's Vineyard since 2001. A meteorological mast (met mast) on South Beach in Edgartown, MA has collected atmospheric data since May 31 2001. An Air Sea Interaction Tower (ASIT) has been collecting atmospheric and subsurface oceanic data since August 5, 2004. A seafloor node (12m node) has been collecting oceanic data from the seafloor since June 14, 2001. This dataset encompasses the core data (wind speed and direction, air pressure, temperature and relative humidity, water temperature and salinity, and wave data) that has been collected during this period. To learn more about the facility and see additional data collected during short term deployments, visit the MVCO Website (https://mvco.whoi.edu/).

Author Posting. © American Meteorological Society, 2022. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of the Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 39(2), (2022): 223–235, https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-21-0110.1., Previous work with simulations of oceanographic high-frequency (HF) radars has identified possible improvements when using maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) for direction of arrival; however, methods for determining the number of emitters (here defined as spatially distinct patches of the ocean surface) have not realized these improvements. Here we describe and evaluate the use of the likelihood ratio (LR) for emitter detection, demonstrating its application to oceanographic HF radar data. The combined detection–estimation methods MLE-LR are compared with multiple signal classification method (MUSIC) and MUSIC parameters for SeaSonde HF radars, along with a method developed for 8-channel systems known as MUSIC-Highest. Results show that the use of MLE-LR produces similar accuracy, in terms of the RMS difference and correlation coefficients squared, as previous methods. We demonstrate that improved accuracy can be obtained for both methods, at the cost of fewer velocity observations and decreased spatial coverage. For SeaSondes, accuracy improvements are obtained with less commonly used parameter sets. The MLE-LR is shown to be able to resolve simultaneous closely spaced emitters, which has the potential to improve observations obtained by HF radars operating in complex current environments., This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grant OCE-1658475. Computing resources were provided by the UCSB Center for Scientific Computing through an NSF MRSEC (DMR-1720256) and NSF CNS-1725797.

This data was collected by Kirincich as part of the NSF-sponsored High Frequency Radar Winds program, with the goal of understanding the errors in present day HFR-based wind extraction algorithms that are due to variations in the signal losses along the transmission path. Understanding variations in the received power levels for land-based high frequency radar systems is critical to advancing radar-based estimates of winds and waves. We use a long-term record of one-way high frequency radar power observations to explore the key factors controlling propagation losses over the ocean. Observed propagation loss was quantified using an 8-month record of radio frequency (RF) power from a shore-based transmitter, received at two locations: an offshore tower and a nearby island. Observations were compared to environmental factors as well as models of path loss incorporating smooth and rough surface impedances and varying atmospheric properties. Significant differences in the observations at the two sites existed. One-way path loss variations at the tower, a wavelength above mean sea level, were closely related to atmospheric forcing, while variations at the distant island site were dominated by wind-driven surface gravity wave variability. Seasonal variability in ocean conductivity had no significant effect on over-ocean path losses. Simplistic analytical models of path loss were found to have more skill than either ground wave propagation models or more complex numerical models of field strength in matching the observations, due in part to under-observation of the atmosphere but also the differences in rough surface impedance between models of ocean waves., Funded by NSF Award # OCE-1923927 and NSF Award # OCE-1923465.

Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2022. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 127(6), (2022): e2021JC017307, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021jc017307., This study examines the spatial and temporal variability of eddy kinetic energy over the Northeast Shelf using observations of surface currents from a unique array of six high frequency radar systems. Collected during summer and winter conditions over three consecutive years, the horizontal scales present were examined in the context of local wind and hydrographic variability, which were sampled concurrently from moorings and autonomous surface vehicles. While area-averaged mean kinetic energy at the surface was tightly coupled to wind forcing, eddy kinetic energy was not, and was lower in magnitude in winter than summer in all areas. Kinetic energy wavenumber spectral slopes were generally near k−5/3, but varied seasonally, spatially, and between years. In contrast, wavenumber spectra of surface temperature and salinity along repeat transect lines had sharp k−3 spectral slopes with little seasonal or inter-annual variability. Radar-based estimates of spectral kinetic energy fluxes revealed a mean transition scale of energy near 18 km during stratified months, but suggested much longer scales during winter. Overall, eddy kinetic energy was unrelated to local winds, but the up- or down-scale flux of kinetic energy was tied to wind events and, more weakly, to local density gradients., This analysis was supported by NSF grants OCE-1657896 and OCE-1736930 to Kirincich, OCE-1736709 to Flament, and OCE-1736587 to Futch. Flament is also supported by NOAAs Integrated Ocean Observing System through award NA11NOS0120039., 2023-11-21

Martha's Vineyard Coastal Observatory (MVCO) is a leading research and engineering facility operated by Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. MVCO has been collecting ocean and atmospheric data at 3 sites on and near Martha's Vineyard since 2001. A meteorological mast (met mast) on South Beach in Edgartown, MA has collected atmospheric data since May 31 2001. An Air Sea Interaction Tower (ASIT) has been collecting atmospheric and subsurface oceanic data since August 5, 2004. A seafloor node (12m node) has been collecting oceanic data from the seafloor since June 14, 2001. This dataset encompasses the core data (wind speed and direction, air pressure, temperature and relative humidity, water temperature and salinity, and wave data) that has been collected during this period. To learn more about the facility and see additional data collected during short term deployments, visit the MVCO Website (https://mvco.whoi.edu/).

This zipped content contains Lidar raw data: Raw 10-minute files of 1 Hz data files from 53-200m amsl from April-June 2021.

Meteorological tower daily data for 2021

On behalf of Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (“WHOI”), UL Services Group LLC (“UL”) conducted a verification1 of a ground-based remote sensing device (“RSD”) according to IEC 61400-12-1 Ed. 2 [1] Annex L. The Lidar ZX 300M was collocated with a 130 m mast at UL’s Advanced Wind Turbine Test Facility at West Texas A&M University, near Canyon, Texas. This report describes the measurement site, the mast and RSD equipment, and the results from the verification. The verification results include the linear regression relationships between wind speed, wind direction, shear, and turbulence intensity for each coincident height.

This zipped content contains Lidar raw data: Raw 10-minute files of 1 Hz data files from 53-200m amsl from October-December 2021.

Meteorological tower monthly summary data for 2021

Unit is located on an Ocean met mast. There is a platform approximately 11 meter off the water line. with another 15 meters of lattice tower above it. The site is approximately 2.75 kilometers off the Southeast coast of Martha’s Vineyard.

This zipped content contains Lidar summary data: Daily 10-minute average files from 53-200m amsl for 2016.

Martha's Vineyard Coastal Observatory (MVCO) is a leading research and engineering facility operated by Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. MVCO has been collecting ocean and atmospheric data at 3 sites on and near Martha's Vineyard since 2001. A meteorological mast (met mast) on South Beach in Edgartown, MA has collected atmospheric data since May 31 2001. An Air Sea Interaction Tower (ASIT) has been collecting atmospheric and subsurface oceanic data since August 5, 2004. A seafloor node (12m node) has been collecting oceanic data from the seafloor since June 14, 2001. This dataset encompasses the core data (wind speed and direction, air pressure, temperature and relative humidity, water temperature and salinity, and wave data) that has been collected during this period. To learn more about the facility and see additional data collected during short term deployments, visit the MVCO Website (https://mvco.whoi.edu/).

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Physical Oceanography at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution February 2021., Estimating turbulence in the marine-atmospheric boundary layer is critical to many industrial, commercial and scientific fields, but of particular importance to the wind energy industry. Contributing to both the efficiency of energy extraction and the life-cycle cost of the turbine itself, turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer is estimated within the wind energy industry as Turbulence Intensity (TI) and more recently by Turbulent Kinetic Energy (TKE). Traditional in-situ methods to measure turbulence are extremely difficult to deploy in the marine environment, resulting in a recent movement to and dependence on remote sensing methods. One type of remote sensing instrument, Doppler lidars, have shown to reliably estimate the wind speed and atmospheric turbulence while being cost effective and easily deployable, and hence are being increasingly utilized as a standard for wind energy assessments. In this thesis, the ability of lidars to measure turbulence up to a height of 200 m above mean sea level in the marine-atmospheric boundary layer was tested using a 7-month data set spanning winter to early summer. Lidar-based TI and TKE were estimated by three methods using observations from a highly validated lidar system and compared under both convective and stable atmospheric stability conditions. Convective periods were found to have higher turbulence at all the heights compared to stable conditions, while mean wind speed and shear were higher during stable conditions. The study period was characterized by generally low turbulent conditions with high turbulence events occurring at timescales of a few days. Mean vertical profiles of TKE were non-uniformly distributed in height during low turbulent conditions. During highly turbulent events, TKE increased more strongly with height. The definition of TI– following the industry or meteorology conventions – had no real effect on the results, and differences between cup or sonic anemometers and lidar TI values were smal

Combined Lidar and meteorological tower data, quality controlled and reformatted by AWS/UL for October 2017.

Combined Lidar and meteorological tower data, quality controlled and reformatted by AWS/UL for May 2017.

This zipped content contains Lidar raw data: Raw 10-minute files of 1 Hz data files from 53-200m amsl from July-September 2017.

Combined Lidar and meteorological tower data, quality controlled and reformatted by AWS/UL for February 2017.

Combined Lidar and meteorological tower data, quality controlled and reformatted by AWS/UL for December 2017.

This zipped content contains Lidar raw data: Raw 10-minute files of 1 Hz data files from 53-200m amsl from October-December 2018.

Meteorological tower monthly summary data for 2017

On Aug 16-17, 2018 a rhodamine dye experiment was conducted in the coastal ocean south of Martha’s Vineyard, MA. One of the experiment’s aims was to investigate the exchanges, or the absence of such, between the mixed layer and the ocean underneath over a time scale of about a day., NSF EAR-1520825

This data was collected by a team led by Kirincich as part of a Metocean monitoring campaign sponsored by the Massachusetts Clean Energy Center (MassCEC). The campaign was designed to observe key atmospheric and ocean parameters at an existing offshore platform in the proximity of the Massachusetts and Rhode Island Wind Energy Areas. The campaign supported the purchase and installation of a LIDAR wind profiler, two cup anemometers and a wind direction vane at the MVCO Air-Sea Interaction Tower (ASIT). These instruments were installed and operated by WHOI and validated by UL-AWS Truepower following a MetOcean Measurement Plan created by UL-AWST, WHOI, and the MassCEC. All instruments were installed on WHOI's offshore tower in the fall of 2016 and operated continuously, as possible, through the end of 2020. After this time the project transitioned to become the MetOcean Reference Site (MORS-1), supported by the National Offshore Wind Research and Development Consortium (NOWRDC).

The WHOI ASIT Tower station located approximately 2 miles southeast of Martha’s Vineyard. The met tower platform sits approximately 11m above the water line, depending on tide level. Site is accessed using a vessel provided by WHOI (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution). Tower is maintained by WHOI and WHOI personnel are needed to access tower.

AWS Truepower (AWST) has been engaged by the Massachusetts Clean Energy Center (MassCEC) to develop monitoring campaign guidance in support of MassCEC’s “Metocean Initiative”. The goal of the Initiative is to “advance planning and permitting and reduce the costs of offshore wind energy in the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management’s (BOEM) designated Massachusetts Wind Energy Area (MAWEA) and the Rhode Island/Massachusetts (RI/MA) Wind Energy Area (together, the ‘WEAs’).”[1] The data collected and developed during this campaign are planned to support characterization of the WEAs’ long-term wind resource and metocean design conditions. The body of this report presents a recommended monitoring campaign framework.. The content of this document is based upon the information presented in the MassCEC Metocean Data Needs Assessment report [1], the MassCEC Metocean Initiative RFP [2], and subsequent discussions with the campaign team. The metocean campaign described here is expected to form the cornerstone of new observed public data sets developed specifically to support regional offshore wind energy development.

Meteorological tower monthly summary data for 2019

Lidar is deployed on the Air Sea Interaction Tower (ASIT) offshore structure owned and operated by Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI); Tower is approximately 2 miles south of Martha’s Vineyard, MA. Station has a walking platform at approximately 11 m MSL, with a section of lattice mast that extends from the platform to approximately 21 m MSL. The walking platform has a “diving board” extension oriented southwest, on which the lidar is deployed. The lidar sits upon a work bench mounted outboard of the southeast side of the diving board. Figure 1 illustrates the site configuration Aside from the immediate structure, the closest obstruction is Martha’s vineyard. Open ocean fetch for the southern half of the compass; Site access controlled by WHOI; additional site details attached separately.

The lidar is re-deployed on the south shelf of the ASIT diving board platform. The site is a three legged fixed tower situated 1 NL south of Martha’s Vineyard in 17 m of water.

This data was collected by a team led by Kirincich as part of a Metocean monitoring campaign sponsored by the Massachusetts Clean Energy Center (MassCEC). The campaign was designed to observe key atmospheric and ocean parameters at an existing offshore platform in the proximity of the Massachusetts and Rhode Island Wind Energy Areas. The campaign supported the purchase and installation of a LIDAR wind profiler, two cup anemometers and a wind direction vane at the MVCO Air-Sea Interaction Tower (ASIT). These instruments were installed and operated by WHOI and validated by UL-AWS Truepower following a MetOcean Measurement Plan created by UL-AWST, WHOI, and the MassCEC. All instruments were installed on WHOI's offshore tower in the fall of 2016 and operated continuously, as possible, through the end of 2020. After this time the project transitioned to become the MetOcean Reference Site (MORS-1), supported by the National Offshore Wind Research and Development Consortium (NOWRDC).

High-frequency radar-based observations of surface currents along the east coast of Taiwan, obtained over a 50-day period in early 2017, are used to examine the occurrence, generation, and downstream advection of submesoscale eddies in the Kuroshio. Measured at an effective depth of 2 m and radial resolution of 3 km from four land-based HF radar systems spanning an 250-km along-stream distance, the surface current observations reveal the instantaneous position of the Kuroshio on hourly time scales as well as the occurrence of numerous high relative vorticity features. Vortex features with spatial scales of 5-20 km were concentrated in the first 30 km offshore, with many created at the southern tip of Taiwan on tidal timescales. Most features, with relative vorticities approaching zeta/f=1, translated northward along the coast at the speed of the Kuroshio itself and were coherent over the 250-km length of the Taiwanese coastline. Both tides and regional winds appear to influence when long-lived features form, and the offshore advection of surface waters by the vortices are observable in intermittent Satellite images of surface chlorophyll. While most features are advected northward with the current, a submarine ridge acts to impede the flow, scattering northward moving features and causing occasional southward-migrating vortices. Data Description: DESCRIPTION; The surface current observations used here were obtained from four long-range (4 MHz transmit frequency) land-based coastal radar systems, operated by the Taiwan Ocean Research Institute (TORI) and the National Taiwan University (NTU). All systems were Codar Ocean Sensors SeaSondes, with the three southern stations operated by TORI, and the northern-most station by NTU. Collected over the time period spanning February 1st to March 26th, 2017, the hourly observations of Doppler cross-spectra had a radial resolution of 3 km. Horizontal resolution was dependent on both the resolution of the measured antenna patter, HF Radar observations used here were funded by Taiwan's National Applied Research Laboratories as well as the National Taiwan University. A. Kirincich was funded by the U.S. Office of Naval Research under contract #N000141712761.

DESCRIPTION_HFR; The WHOI HF radar system, as operated during the field periods, consisted of 6 land-based sites spaced between the islands of Nantucket, MA and Block Island, RI. A series of four multi-antenna HFRs built by the University of Hawaii [described by Kirincich et al. 2019] were deployed in the region and augmented by two existing high resolution SeaSonde HFRs previous deployed with funding from NOAA-IOOS. Using a grid of 8 separate receive antennas and recently developed analysis methods, the UH systems maximize both the temporal and azimuthal resolution of surface currents over a wide area, producing fully independent, 30-min averages of high-resolution--2 km everywhere-- low error surface currents over a 150 km x 80 km stretch of the NES. Rms differences of the system against in situ observations were 5-7 cm/s. DESCRIPTION_INSITU_MOORING; The HFR observations were paired with detailed, in situ observations of hydrography, currents, and winds during three separate study periods, spanning July to December of 2018 and 2019, and October to December of 2020. For the two 6-month periods in both 2018 and 2019, trio of surface moorings and one subsurface mooring were deployed in the center of the eastern HFR coverage area. The central surface mooring, stationed along the 40-m isobath, hosted a Vaisala WXT520 weather station and water column hydrography using 8 temperature-conductivity (CT) sensors (SBE37 Microcats). A nearby subsurface mooring supported upward- and downward-looking ADCPs to collect high resolution velocity profiles of the top 8 m of the water column and coarser resolution velocity profiles of the lower 30 m of the water column. The two additional flanking surface moorings, each with 7 CT sensors, were located 10 km away in both the across- and along-shelf (2018 only) directions, allowing estimates of the depth-dependent lateral hydrographic gradients. While all mooring data was returned during 2018, the western flanking mooring was irretrievab, This data was collected by Kirincich as part of the Submesoscale Dynamics Over The Shelf Study, with field observations in 2018 and 2019, as well as the HFR_winds project with field work in 2020. The analysis products presented were used to examine the space and time scales of eddy kinetic energy over the wide, shallow, NES continental shelf using a novel implementation of HFR to achieve spatial and temporal resolutions sufficient to capture the horizontal scales of velocity variability. The data consists of estimates of the near-surface horizontal (East and North) ocean currents made via High Frequency (HF) radar-based remote sensing of the Ocean backscatter spectrum as well as in situ moored hydrographic, velocity, and surface winds, and mobile surface hydrographic observations collected via autonomous vehicles. Data were collected within three separate measurement periods: July to December 2018, July to December 2019, and October to December 2020., U.S. National Science Foundation to the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. OCE-#1736930, OCE-#1923927

Combined Lidar and meteorological tower data, quality controlled and reformatted by AWS/UL for April 2017.

This zipped content contains Lidar raw data: Raw 10-minute files of 1 Hz data files from 53-200m amsl from January-March 2021.