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Abstract Monitoring the parameters and behavior of plankton makes it possible to assess the state of the aquatic ecosystem and detect the beginning of an environmental disaster at an early stage. In this respect, the most informative method for the in situ plankton study is underwater digital holography. This method allows obtaining information on the size, shape, and location of plankton individuals, as well as performing their classification and biotesting according to their behavioral responses using a submersible holographic camera non-invasively, in real time, and in the automatic mode. The monitoring series of the ecosystem functions can be used to assess the state of the ecosystem. One of them is the time series of the concentration of individuals of various plankton taxa in a certain volume. There are characteristic rhythms in the ecosystem function caused by both plankton biorhythms and changes in habitat parameters, as well as their synchronization, whereas a change in this rhythm may serve as an alarm signal for the ecosystem deprivation. By constructing the analogies based on the spectroscopy of atoms and molecules the paper shows the bioindication capabilities of the Fourier spectra of the plankton ecosystem function, built during monitoring measurements using a submersible digital holographic camera. The spectroscopic study of plankton allows determining the pollution in the plankton habitat at early stages. The in situ experimental data suggest that the order and chaos of plankton biocenosis are reflected in the structure of the spectral lines of the ecosystem functions associated with plankton. Various self-oscillatory processes in the biocenosis that regulate the plankton number and rhythm form the basis for plankton spectroscopy, which may be used for bioindication monitoring.

The diel vertical migration (DVM) of zooplankton is one of the largest species migrations to occur globally and is a key driver of regional ecosystems and the marine carbon pump. Previously thought to be hampered by the extreme light regime prevailing in the Arctic Ocean, observations have revealed that DVM does occur in ice-covered Arctic waters and suggest the decline in Arctic sea ice may thereby impact DVM and its role in the Arctic ecosystem. However, coastal polynyas present a unique environment where open water or thin, nearly translucent, ice prevail when offshore winds advect the ice pack away from the coast, allowing light into the surface waters and potentially disrupting DVM. Here, four yearlong time series of acoustic backscatter collected by moored acoustic Doppler current profilers at two opposite sides of the circumpolar polynya system at the Laptev Sea shelf (2007–2008) and the Beaufort Sea shelf (2005–2006) were used to examine the annual cycle of acoustic scattering and therefore the annual cycle of DVM in these areas. The acoustic time series were used along with atmospheric and oceanic reanalysis and satellite data to interpret the results. Our observations show that DVM started to occur once the ice-free surface or under-ice layer irradiance exceeds a certain threshold (from ∼0.3 to 3.3 lx), which is about 2 to 10 times lower in the Beaufort Sea compared to the Laptev Sea. In the Laptev Sea, based on our data and methodology, DVM could not be detected during polar night. In contrast, civil twilight in the Beaufort Sea is sufficient to trigger DVM through polar night. This difference in DVM between the Laptev and Beaufort seas is not entirely assigned to the 3° difference in latitude between the mooring positions as it is also due to the different light threshold required to trigger DVM, different zooplankton communities' composition, and potentially different depths and predation pressures. We find examples in both the Laptev and Beaufort seas where the formation of polynyas and large leads caused DVM to abruptly cease or be disrupted, which we attribute to predator avoidance by the zooplankton in response to higher polar cod (Boreogadus saida) abundance near the open water. Finally, light attenuation by sea ice in the Beaufort Sea caused DVM to extend onto the polar day until the summer solstice. Overall, our results highlight the role of sea ice in disrupting synchronized DVM, the spatial variability in the relationship between sea ice and DVM, and the potential ecological impact of significant trends toward a more extensive circumpolar Arctic coastal polynya as part of changing ice conditions in the Arctic Ocean.

The purpose of the research is to study the fauna of parasitic worms of bats (Chiroptera) in the National Park «Smolny» (Republic of Mordovia).Materials and methods. In 2018–2021, the helminth fauna of 445 ind. of 8 bat species at 10 locations in the National Park «Smolny» was studied using the method of complete helminthological necropsy. Parasitic worms were collected, fixed and processed using standard methods.Results and discussion. A total of 31 helminth species were recorded in bats of the National Park "Smolny": 3 – cestodes, 20 – trematodes and 8 – nematodes. The trematode Prosthodendrium cryptholecithum and the larva of the nematode Physaloptera clausa were found for the first time in Russian bats. The trematodes Gyrabascus amphoraeformis and G. oppositus were found for the first time in bats of the Middle Volga Region. The determining factors of helminth infection of bats are feeding predominantly on aquatic insects and poor contact of animals with the terrestrial environment. Of the 31 species of parasites found in bats, 28 species are specific parasites of bats, which is explained by the ecological isolation of this group of flying mammals and the antiquity of the co-evolution of bats and their parasites. An annotated list of helminths of bats is given, including their systematic position, host range, localization, infection rates, sites of detection and distribution. Among bats, the helminth fauna of the common noctule (15 species), Daubenton's bat (13) and Nathusius' pipistrelle (12) is the richest. The helminth fauna of the pond bat (6 species), lesser noctule (5) and Natterer's bat (4) is less represented. The greatest distribution in bats of the National Park "Smolny" has the trematode Plagiorchis koreanus and the nematode Pterothominx neopulchra noted each in 6 species of hosts. Only one helminth species (nematode Physocephalus sexalatus), which is of medical and veterinary importance as the causative agent of a dangerous helminthosis, has been recorded in bats.

Organic peroxides have become sought-after functionalities, particularly following the multi-tone consumption in polymer production and success in medicinal chemistry. The selective introduction of a peroxide fragment at different positions on the target molecule is a priority in the modern reaction design. The pioneering Kharasch–Sosnovsky peroxidation became the basic universal platform for the development of peroxidation methods, with its great potential for rapid generation of complexity due to the ability to couple the resulting free radicals with a wide range of partners. This review discusses the recent advances in the radical Kharasch-type functionalization of organic molecules with OOR fragment including free-component radical couplings. The discussion has been structured by the type of the substrate of radical peroxidation: C(sp3)–H substrates; aromatic systems; compounds with unsaturated C–C or C–Het bonds.

Observations of pigmented (melanoblastic) and non-pigmented (achromatic) superficial melanomas of the skin are described, for the differential diagnosis of which, along with traditional histological examination, precision (immunohistochemical, molecular genetic) methods of studying the morphological substrate of the tumor were used. Based on the results of Raman spectroscopy of samples of both tumors, their multiplex analysis was carried out, with the help of which a significant number of molecules of various analytes were simultaneously identified in one individual sample of a biological object.

In the second, third and fifth years after implemented dredging and bottom sediments removal (August 2020, 2021 and 2023), species diversity of aquatic and semi-aquatic vegetation, type and degree of lake Manzherokskoye overgrowth, productivity of dominant species were studied, and the indices of species diversity and saprobity were calculated. Based on literature data, the long-term (almost for 60 years) dynamics of vegetation cover and the features of lake overgrowth were defined. Particular attention was paid to studying water chestnut (Trapa natans), a species included in the Red Book of the Republic of Altai. In the fifth year after dredging, a partial restoration of macrophytes diversity was noted. Further clearing of the lake’s bottom and its shores in 2023 caused the destruction of the floating mats complex and the reduction in the number of floating mats-forming species. In 2023, water chestnut dominated in terms of overgrowth area and price-formation. A massive appearance of polymorphic multi-leaf forms of water chestnut, forming rosettes with 40 or more leaves, occurred. Analysis of the water chestnut population dynamics for a long period (including one after dredging) showed the high potential for self-recovery of this species. In the case of implementation of special measures on mitigation of recreational load impact on the areas of Trapa natans distribution, in the next 5 years the return of the lake importance as its main habitat, and, consequently, the preservation of the natural monument “Lake Manzherokskoye” is expected.

A study of wave processes near Cape Svobodny on the south-eastern coast of the island Sakhalin using autonomous wave recorders and a weather station has been performed. Analysis of five-month data of sea level and temperature, atmospheric pressure and wind speed revealed that there are no significant peaks for wind and infragravity (IG) waves in the wave period range 2–600 s, and the wave energy is lower at the point protected by Cape Svobodny. During storms, there is an increase in the energy of IG waves. Waves detected at periods of 14.2 seconds, 3.62 minutes, and 8.85 minutes are related to swell and edge waves propagating seaward. For explanation of short waves, the Longuet-Higgins and Stewart theory was used which describes the dispersion of swell in the surf zone and the formation of free waves. Edge waves were analyzed using the Lamb model and the Bessel function of the first kind of zero order. Modelling of wave processes propagating shoreward revealed the presence of IG waves with periods of 20–110 seconds and edge waves with periods of 4.27–7.63 minutes, confirmed by the dispersion relation for Stokes waves on a sloping bottom. Sea water temperature fluctuations of more than 7 °C with periods of 3–100 minutes affect the propagation of waves with periods longer than 3 minutes, destroying the edge and leaky waves. Analysis of wind wave characteristics showed no significant wave processes, including wind waves, in the 2–20 second period range. The maximum wave height was observed during prolonged southern winds associated with a cyclone. This study is important for understanding wave processes in this area, aiding in predicting their behaviour and impact on the coastline.

We have conducted the first study of trematodes in wetland birds of the Samara region (European Russia). A total of 25 trematode species from 12 families were identified in 8 species of birds. Eight digenean species (Echinochasmus beleocephalus, Petasiger radiatus, P. exaeretus, Metorchis xanthosomus, Uroproctepisthmium bursicola, Leyogonimus polyoon, Hysteromorpha triloba, Cyathocotyle prussica) were registered for the first time in birds of the Middle Volga region. The first data on helminths in Ardea cinerea, Fulica atra, Phalacrocorax carbo, Larus cachinnans and Cygnus olor inhabiting this territory were obtained. Fifteen species of trematodes we found have veterinary significance as causative agents of dangerous helminthiases.

This article opens a series of four publications designed to initiate a discussion of the author's proposed refinement of the list, definitions, and diagnostic criteria of primary actual capacities postulated by Nossrat Peseschkian, in accordance with recent developments in psychodynamic theory and practice. This first article addresses capacities of contact and pleasure, offering a deeper integrative understanding of related psychodynamics of motivations, cognitions, behaviours, and relationships. Specification of diagnostic criteria provides therapists with a practical tool for more accurate and objective clinical assessment, personalised interventions, development of self-help tools, and further research.

The article describes the experience of applying the methodology of Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) in the organization of ground tests of the on-board equipment complex of unmanned aerial vehicles at Kronshtadt JSC. This methodology was successfully used in the development of various complex control systems such as embedded control systems, digital signal processing, computer vision, radar and communications. The analysis of the on-board equipment testing process using an existing ground test bench was performed, and a method for automating its operation has been proposed. The calculation of economic efficiency was performed.

Discontinuation of vaccination after the completion of Smallpox global eradication program led to a sharp decrease in the level of collective immunity not only to smallpox but also to other orthopoxvirus infections. Over the past 10–15 years, the world has seen an increase in the frequency of diseases caused by smallpox viruses of cows, buffaloes, camels. The outbreak of mpox (a disease caused by the monkey pox virus) occurred in 2022–2023. Analysis of the literature data on the organization of the orthopoxvirus genome suggest that smallpox could have occurred in the past as a result of evolutionary changes in the zoonotic progenitor virus. In this regard, there is a threat of a new particularly dangerous anthropozoonosis, the pathogen of which can occur both naturally and artificially. The aim of the review is to analyze open science published data on aerobiological research with OPVs conducted by the U.S. Department of Defense from 1994-2013, which was a period of restricted research and storage of smallpox virus samples. The authors did not find any publications of the results of aerobiological research with orthopoxviruses conducted by the US Department of Defense after 2013 in open scientific sources. The review presents a data analysis in Russian and English-speaking scientist publication as well as those posted on the Internet. The presented results of aerobiological studies with orthopoxviruses indicate the interest of the US military department in carrying out experimental work of dual use, including monitoring of the properties of orthopoxviruses and a possible change in their pathogenicity for humans, selection of optimal laboratory models for studying the properties of orthopoxviruses, and the possibility of modeling the properties of the smallpox virus when using other orthopoxviruses (cowpox virus, rabbit pox virus, monkey pox virus), modeling of the main characteristics of the disease caused by the smallpox virus in humans and evaluation of the effectiveness of existing and newly developed vaccines against smallpox, comparative study of effectiveness of antiviral drugs for regular or post-exposure prophylaxis of naturally occurring smallpox and monkey smallpox.

Summary: KRAS mutations are linked to some of the deadliest forms of cancer. Pharmacological studies suggest that co-targeting KRAS with feedback/bypass pathways could lead to enhanced anti-tumor activity. The underlying premise is that cancers display a deep-rooted hypersensitivity to KRAS inactivation. Here, we investigate the role of intratumor heterogeneity in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, focusing on oncogenic KRAS addiction and treatment resistance. Integrated analysis of single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing data reveals that most tumors display a mixture of cells with vastly different degrees of KRAS dependency. We identify distinct cell populations that vary in their gene expression patterns pertaining to the predicted level of KRAS signaling activity, cell growth, and differentiation commitment within each tumor. Selective targeting of mutant KRAS suppresses the growth of tumor cells with high RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity while sparing pre-existing subsets with low RAS signaling activity, necessitating alternative treatments. Combination immunotherapy leads to durable tumor regression in preclinical models.