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The Russian Fertility Database contains a series of fertility indicators by birth order for Russia from 1946 to 2022, cohort fertility tables by birth order, and fertility rates by birth order for Russian women born between 1932 and 1988. All fertility indicators are calculated using data from official population statistics provided by the Federal State Statistics Service. The article describes the structure of the database, the source data, and the methodology of calculating period and cohort fertility rates, as well as cohort fertility tables by birth order. The Russian Fertility Database can be used for research, analytical materials, reports, presentations, as well as for educational purposes. The data allow us to analyze changes in the age profiles of fertility, the mean age at birth, the dynamics of the total fertility rate as period and cohort indicator for all birth orders combined and by birth order, parity distribution of women with specific number of children ever born and parity progression ratios. The data are in .xlsx format and are available on the web page: https://demogr.hse.ru/RFD.

Background. The functions of the provincial administration in the socio-cultural sphere underwent changes because of the significant disturbances in the powers of the governor's corps at the regional level in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries. This trend was facilitated not only by new local government bodies and committees created because of liberal reforms, but also by the subsequent sharp change in government policy, which in the 1980s acquired a conservative direction. The assessment of the provincial administration in interaction with educational institutions and charities remains ambiguous. The work analyzes clerical documentation and periodicals, which reveals the functions of the provincial administration in the field of education and charity in a new way. Purpose – This study investigates the activities of the Vladimir provincial administration in the field of education and charity in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries. Materials and methods. The basis for the study was the periodicals, such as the Vladimir Provincial Gazette, the Vladimir Diocesan Gazette, the Vladimirets Gazette, and the office documents of the State Archive of the Vladimir Region: correspondence of institutions, reports, and accounts. This work uses problem-chronological, genetic, and analytical methods to preserve the principles of historicity and consistency. Results. The transitioning from a liberal model to a conservative one affected the principles of interaction between the governor's corps and provincial institutions on issues of education. In these areas, the administration of the Vladimir province adheres to the principles of supervision, control and clarification. The authorities are especially wary of educational institutions, due to the growth of opposition sentiments. Nevertheless, a characteristic feature inherent in the Vladimir province at the beginning of the 20th century was the rapprochement of governors and zemstvo institutions on issues of education, where the former tried to petition the highest government bodies for zemstvo initiatives on opening new educational institutions. Application of research findings in practice. The results of this study can be used in the field of research of political and regional history of both Vladimir province and provinces with similar structure of governance. Also, the obtained results can be applied to teaching regional history of Vladimir region.

The article presents the transformation of US migration policy and analyzes its impact on the balance of power in the 2024 presidential election campaign. The 2024 election campaign in the US is characterized by significant differences between the major parties and their voters, as well as an emphasis on key economic and immigration issues that have divided American society. Mexico is the main labor donor to the US, and it is also a gateway for illegal migration from Latin America and Southeast Asia. Almost all the time of the existence of the United States, the immigration policy of the country shows that migration plays an important role in the development of American society. The problem of illegal migration has always existed and continues to have a significant impact on the socio-economic development of the country. The current U.S. immigration strategy combines continuity with restrictive measures, while seeking to adapt migration flows to the economic needs of the country. The article analyzes the impact of migration policy on the U.S. political landscape during the 2024 election campaign. Migration policy in the United States today is a tool for conducting political struggle and "settling scores". Illegal migrants from Latin American countries will have a particular impact on the upcoming elections, so a characteristic feature of the 2024 election campaign is a cross-party struggle for the Latin American electorate, coupled with tougher migration policies. The authors draw attention to the reasons for the transformation of the US migration system and give their forecast regarding the outcome of elections in the country under certain conditions.

Background. Torsional deformities of the long bones in children are usually treated using correcting detorsional osteotomies with different types of osteosynthesis. However, this method is highly traumatic and can cause severe complications. Guided growth is the gold standard for frontal and sagittal planes deformities treatment in growing children. The technique is effective, minimally invasive, enables early weight-bearing and has lower complication rate. Recently, application of guided growth technique has been actively studied for horizontal plane deformities correction as well. The aim of the review — based on a scientific literature analysis, to present possibilities of using guided growth technique for correcting torsional deformities of the long bones, as well as to define the ways of its improvement for further clinical application. Methods. The search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar and eLIBRARY databases. For review, we included 8 articles (five animal experimental studies and three clinical studies), which were published from 2013 to 2023. Results. Analyzed studies demonstrated the possibility of applying detorsional guided growth for horizontal plane deformities correction in growing children. Three main surgical techniques were suggested. Correction efficiency mainly depends on the interplate angle, proper plate positioning and longitudinal growth potential. Limitations of these studies were: a small group number; absence of preoperative CT scans in animal studies; torsional profile measurement using computed tomography was performed only in one of three clinical studies. There was also no preoperative planning of deformity correction/creation amount, so it was not possible to evaluate the accuracy of the suggested methods. The main complications were secondary deformities and limb length discrepancy. Conclusions. Further clinical application of detorsional guided growth in children may be possible after solving the problem of secondary deformities and shortening and providing preoperative planning of the deformity correction amount.

This review describes the latest achievements in the development of encapsulated controlled-release fertilizers, which encompasses sustainability issues in agriculture. The research community's interest in this particular area of science has doubled over the last couple of years due to the yearly increasing complexity of the food and supply situation, as well as maintaining the development of modern society in the era of population outbreak. This review covers demand in timely systematization and comprehensive analysis of emerging research in so-called “smart fertilizers” that release mineral components in accordance with the needs for nutrients classified into controlled- and slow-release fertilizers (CRFs and SRFs). Along with the thoroughly selected fundamental studies published in this area, the review specially focuses on the materials-based classification, emphasizing the importance of the host matrix in the time-controlled release of dopant. This substantially differentiates our review and renders scientific novelty and relevancy to it. The review is divided into sections, dealing with the types of slow- and controlled-release fertilizers each, and supplemented with the critical view on their usage. All data regarding encapsulated fertilizers in this review are systematized for the convenience of the readership when becoming familiarized with the latest achievements in this area. Perspectives and potential pathways are also described to recommend and guide researchers working on the related academic fields.

Background. In the last quarter of the 19th – early 20th century. in the Russian Empire, there was an intensification of the revolutionary and strike movement, as well as the growth of state opposition. To restore order and ensure control, the governors of the regions, including the Vladimir province, were given broader powers in the field of interaction with law enforcement agencies. New structures were created to fight the opposition: the factory police, a network of agents, and others. The article analyzes the effectiveness of interaction between governors and law enforcement agencies, reveals the personnel policy of the provincial government. The purpose of the article is to study the effectiveness of interaction between the Vladimir governors and law enforcement agencies in the last quarter of the 19th – early 20th centuries. Materials and methods. The materials for the study were official documents of the State Archives of the Vladimir Region, the State Archives of the Ivanovo Region and the State Archives of the Russian Federation. The methodological basis of this study is the principles of historicism and consistency, implemented thanks to the problem-chronological, historical-genetic and analytical methods. Results. The article discusses the interaction of the governors of the Vladimir province with law enforcement agencies in problem situations. During the period of growing opposition sentiments, the governors comprehensively resorted to the functions of law enforcement agencies. At the end of XIX – beginning of XX century it was planned to soften the course of the governors in relation to the opposition, they avoided direct intervention. The governors were interested in the protection of law and order in the region. The peculiarity of the work of the provincial government with the personnel of law enforcement agencies is given. Conclusion. The results of the study can be applied in a regional study of similar “internal” provinces of the Russian Empire on this issue, also for the preparation of manuals and lectures on the relationship of governors and law enforcement agencies.

Wheat heading time is primarily governed by two loci: VRN-1 (response to vernalization) and PPD-1 (response to photoperiod). Five sets of near-isogenic lines (NILs) were studied with the aim of investigating the effect of the aforementioned genes on wheat vegetative period duration and 14 yield-related traits. Every NIL was sown in the hydroponic greenhouse of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS. To assess their allelic composition at the VRN-1 and PPD-1 loci, molecular markers were used. It was shown that HT in plants with the Vrn-A1vrn-B1vrn-D1 genotype was reduced by 29 and 21 days (p < 0.001) in comparison to HT in plants with the vrn-A1Vrn-B1vrn-D1 and the vrn-A1vrn-B1Vrn-D1 genotypes, respectively. In our study, we noticed a decrease in spike length as well as spikelet number per spike parameter for some NIL carriers of the Vrn-A1a allele in comparison to carriers of the Vrn-B1 allele. PCA revealed three first principal components (PC), together explaining more than 70% of the data variance. Among the studied genetic traits, the Vrn-A1a and Ppd-D1a alleles showed significant correlations with PCs. Regarding genetic components, significant correlations were calculated between PC3 and Ppd-B1a (−0.26, p < 0.05) and Vrn-B1 (0.57, p < 0.05) alleles. Thus, the presence of the Vrn-A1a allele affects heading time, while Ppd-D1a is associated with plant height reduction.

There is data on the irrational use of antimicrobial drugs in pediatric population during the COVID-19 pandemic. This could lead to potential development of antibiotic resistance and increased morbidity and mortality among this vulnerable population group. The aim of this review is to study the role of COVID-19 in antimicrobial drugs administration and antibiotic resistance development, as well as to determine a set of measures for its prevention. Recent studies results have shown that COVID-19 pandemic had both direct and indirect impact on antibiotic resistance development in pediatric population. The COVID-19 outbreak has revealed weaknesses in health systems around the world. Antibiotics administration in patients with coronavirus infection during this period exceeded the number of cases with bacterial co-infection or other diseases. Thus, it indicates irrational antibiotic treatment. There were cases of inappropriate antibiotics administration during the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic even in regions with long-term rational antibiotic treatment programs. One of the most viable methods to combat antibiotic resistance is to improve approaches in health care and to increase preparedness to infectious outbreaks. Increasing clinical competence of medical workers, accessibility of medical facilities, permanent supply of high-quality and cheap antibiotics, vaccines, reducing COVID-19 testing time, and adequate administration of antibacterial agents are the measures that can prevent diseases caused by drug resistance. All stakeholders (health authorities, regulating authorities, politicians, scientific community, pharmaceutical companies) have to collaborate and achieve results to implement all the mentioned above protection measures.

Link for citation: Tomskiy K.O., Nikitin E.D., Ivanova M.S. Analysis of the effectiveness of applying horizontal wells for the development of reserves of a gas condensate field with low filtration and capacitance properties. Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Аssets Engineering, 2023, vol. 334, no. 9, рр. 172-181. In Rus. The relevance of the study is caused by the complications that arise during the development of gas condensate fields for depletion with difficult thermobaric conditions associated with precipitation of a large amount of retrograde gas condensate in the pore space of the reservoir, and especially near production wells due to a drop in reservoir pressure, which ultimately can reduce productivity of wells twice of more times. At present, due to the development of technologies, the construction of horizontal wells has become a traditional method of increasing gas and condensate recovery, in which, by increasing the effective area of well drainage, drawdown values are significantly reduced at the same gas withdrawals or higher in comparison with vertical ones, which should also reduce the negative «condensate bank» effect with a cost-effective ratio of gas recovery factor to condensate recovery factor. In this regard, the issue of studying the effectiveness of applying the technology of horizontal wells in «complex» fields with an initial formation pressure close to or equal to the pressure of the onset of condensation with a high degree of heterogeneity, low reservoir properties and low thickness becomes relevant. The main aim of the research is to evaluate the technologies for the operation of gas condensate fields by vertical and horizontal wells under various technological modes of operation of wells for the final gas and condensate recovery, as well as to study the nature of condensate precipitation in the pore space in the conditions of an oil and gas condensate field with low reservoir properties. Object. The BU81-2 formation is characterized by a high content of heavy hydrocarbons in the composition of the formation gas, which begin to fall out immediately after the start of the operation of the object. The reservoir has a total thickness of 22 to 57 m, and the volume of gas-saturated rocks is 5463585 thousand m3, and the initial dry gas reserves are 130064 million m3. Methods: geological and hydrodynamic modeling on the software product T-Navigator (Rock Flow Dynamics). Results. It was found that a horizontal well with a perforated horizontal section of 1400 m is capable of producing as much gas as three vertical wells at multiple lower drawdown values, however, due to a larger drainage contour, condensate falls over a larger volume of the reservoir with a saturation below «critical» and therefore all the precipitated condensate becomes immobile, preventing gas from seeping to the bottom of the well and reducing the overall gas recovery factor/condensate recovery factor. It was also found that vertical wells under these initial conditions provide greater condensate production compared to horizontal wells, and more condensate is produced with a decrease in drawdown.

In this work we calculated the reflection coefficients modules of a linear polarization plane electromagnetic wave depending on soil moisture with a relative complex dielectric constant described by the heterogeneous Maxwell Garnett and Bruggeman models. A comparison is made of the calculated dependences of reflection coefficients for incident E- and H-polarization waves on soil moisture according to the two proposed heterogeneous two-component models. The correctness of the applied models is shown within the soil moisture content up to 10 %. Within the limits of soil moisture change from 10 to 50 %, there are slight discrepancies in the calculation results for two heterogeneous models. The reflection level of an electromagnetic wave from the soil surface in the case of its H-polarization is less than in the case of E-polarization. With an increase in soil moisture, a monotonous increase in the reflection level is observed. The proposed heterogeneous models of wet soil and the calculation method can be used for remote radar sensing of the Earths surface in order to determine the moisture content in the rooted layer of the soil.

The study examines the effect of crop production technology intensification on wheat yield under drought conditions. The causal effect of fertilizers and herbicides usage was quantified based on a dataset of reports from 196 farms located in the Kulunda Steppe in Altai Krai. To quantify causal effects, the various methods were tested – Two Means Comparison tests and Linear regression. Due to the not experimental nature of the data, Propensity Score Matching was used to balance the sample based on the main indicative signs (covariates). We refined the effects of crop technologies intensification based on the balanced sample. The results showed that, according to all considered methods, intensification of agriculture even in the dry climatic conditions resulted in the expected growth of wheat yield. The average causal effect of intensive farming was +2.02 dt/ha. The results also showed that it is possible to obtain more correct estimates of causal effects based on balanced samples. Using simple approaches like Two Means Comparison methods lead to underestimation or overestimation. Finally, we highlighted some limitations and peculiarities of the Propensity Score Matching method. However, the Propensity Score Matching can be considered a good and prospective tool for developing digital services in agricultural analytics.

In the article, to solve the problem of assessing the information impact on the electorate during election campaigns, algorithmic solutions, including a mathematical model, a numerical scheme and algorithmic implementations, are formed. This assessment is reduced to determining the instantaneous values of the number of voters who prefer a candidate (party), taking into account: the positive or negative stochastic nature of the impact of mass media; interpersonal interaction; two-step assimilation of information; the presence of a variety of mass media, social groups and a list of candidates. The mathematical model is based on a generalized model of information confrontation in a structured society and, with the introduction of stochastic components in the intensity of agitation, it is reduced to solving the Fokker–Planck–Kolmogorov equation. For its study in the formulation of the Galerkin method, a numerical scheme is proposed and the order of its convergence is determined. In relation to the basic procedures of the numerical scheme, the features of the algorithmic implementation are clarified.

Introduction A case of a successful surgical treatment of a neglected injury of the upper arm muscles and rotator cuff in a working-age man with a history of an episode of thromboembolism of small branches of the pulmonary artery is presented. The aim of this study was to demonstrate one of the approaches to surgical treatment of this pathology that resulted in the improvement of upper limb function and the quality of life of the patient. Material and methods A comprehensive study of the patient's outpatient and inpatient records, results of clinical, instrumental and laboratory methods, the types of intervention and rehabilitation along with medical prevention of thrombosis are described in detail. Results Eight months after the surgery, there was an improvement in the function of the right shoulder joint. The range of active motion significantly increased; the DASH score decreased from 136 to 52 points; pain decreased from 46 to 31 points according to VAS; the level of self-service significantly improved. Discussion Сombined techniques of preserved muscle transposition to replace the lost function of the damaged ones was a condition and a guarantee of the achieving significant progress in the anatomical and functional status of the patient. Nevertheless, a further search for more rational technologies for restorative reconstruction in the disorders under consideration seems appropriate. Conclusion A correctly chosen and based on clinical and instrumental data transposition of the tendons of the active muscles of the shoulder joint area to replace the lost shoulder antagonists provides improvement of the upper arm function and patients’ quality of life while the justified tactics of thromboprophylaxis allows control of hemostasis and absence of vascular failures.

Background. The treatment of post-traumatic of the clavicle false joint remains a subject of discussion regarding the technology of the surgical intervention. Recently, the use of vascularized fibular flap reconstruction technique has been popularized, but the potential of the external osteosynthesis remains relevant. Clinical case description. A 70-year-old patient got a fracture of the middle third of the left clavicle diaphysis as a result of a fall. He underwent four surgical treatment options: plate osteosynthesis; plate osteosynthesis + bone autoplasty; plate osteosynthesis + vascularized fibular flap reconstruction; external osteosynthesis. A month after the fourth attempt of surgical treatment, fusion, improvement of the function of the right upper limb and the quality of life of the patient were achieved. Technological inaccuracy, namely, the lack of the fragments fixation stability due to the incorrectly chosen length of the plate, as well as an incomplete assessment of the anamnesis and the identified cognitive behavioral features of the patient, are considered as possible reasons for the treatment failure. Conclusion. Attempts of surgical treatment using plates in combination with bone autoplasty, including vascularized skin-bone flaps, do not always ensure the achievement of clavicle fractures fusion. In such situations, it is advisable to use the potential of external osteosynthesis with the reasonable planning.

Platinum–carbon catalysts are widely used in the manufacturing of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells. Increasing Pt/C activity and stability is an urgent task and the optimization of their structure seems to be one of the possible solutions. In the present paper, Pt/C electrocatalysts containing small (2–2.6 nm) nanoparticles (NPs) of a similar size, uniformly distributed over the surface of a carbon support, were obtained by the original method of liquid-phase synthesis. A comparative study of the structural characteristics, catalytic activity in the oxygen electroreduction reaction (ORR), and durability of the synthesized catalysts, as well as their commercial analogs, was carried out. It was shown that the uniformity of the structural and morphological characteristics of Pt/C catalysts makes it possible to reduce the negative effect of the small size of NPs on their stability. As a result, the obtained catalysts were significantly superior to their commercial analogs regarding ORR activity, but not inferior to them in terms of stability.

Introduction The article considers the situation with modern user’s applications for patients in the post-operative period after surgical interventions, including total hip replacement. The main reasons for the emergence of a multidisciplinary field of a science, in particular between the medical and IT industries, were formulated. The aim of the study was to develop a technology for preventive analysis, control and management of patient actions at the stage of outpatient medical rehabilitation by developing and implementing a universal software platform of an application and a chatbot on a mobile device and PC. Material and methods The study presents a universal software platform on a mobile device and a PC, in which the doctor introduces personalized indications based on existing clinical recommendations that permit to target the patient's behavior in an expert-based vector of preventive measures. The paper presents the database scheme, usage scenarios, interface, and an example of a recommendation for a random patronage day. Results The comparative results in the aspect of complications in the patients who used the software product after discharge from the hospital with those in the patients without software patronage were analysed. The overall percentage of complications and of each specific one among them was significantly more frequent in the comparison group than in the observation group with IT-based support (р < 0.001). Patient satisfaction with the app was studied based on an anonymous survey, and a high satisfaction rate was revealed. Discussion The introduction of the software product into clinical work in comparison with existing analogues provided better patients’ compliance, especially in older persons with cognitive comorbidity, to targeted behavioral information, prevention of non-compliance with the medication dosage regimen and mobile activity, thus improving the long-term treatment results in patients at the stage of the rehabilitation. Conclusion It has been concluded that the results of the study indicate the feasibility and clinical validity of the development and implementation of the application developed and of similar software products.

The relevance of the problem of carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere is not currently in doubt. Mining and oil and gas facilities are a major source of carbon dioxide emissions. One of the features of carbon dioxide is its chemically stable molecule, which can remain unchanged in the atmosphere for a considerable amount of time. The most rational solution for carbon dioxide utilization from the products of combustion of hydrocarbons is its absorption with the receipt of new products that may find application in chemical industry. The main disadvantages of the carbon dioxide removal methods available today are the low conversion of the cleaned gases, the significant cost of the process, and the feasibility of the process with large amounts of cleaned gases in the exhaust. The aim of the research is to determine the optimal parameters of catalytic CO2 capture from the exhaust gases of the mining and oil and gas industries in trifluoroacetic acid solutions. The objects of research are carbon dioxide, trifluoroacetic acid solutions of various concentrations, concentrated trifluoroacetic acid. Methods. Purification of combustion products of hydrocarbons from CO2 was carried out by passing it through a solution of trifluoroacetic acid, the spent acid was regenerated with air oxygen. The absorption capacities of trifluoroacetic acid solutions were investigated depending on the concentrations of the solutions and the pH value. CO2 absorption in trifluoroacetic acid solutions was determined under standard conditions. Unabsorbed CO2 was absorbed with a solution of alkali, the acidity of which was constantly fixed with a potentiometer. The amount of carbon dioxide absorbed was determined by potentiometric titration of the trap. Results. The paper shows that catalytic purification of flue gases from CO2 when using trifluoroacetic acid solutions proceeds under standard conditions with complete trapping of carbon dioxide.

The effect of side limiters (shaping blocks) on the formation of the structure and hardness of AISI 308LSi stainless steel workpieces obtained by multilayer build-up welding in an argon environment has been studied. The studies were carried out on specimens deposited using graphite limiters, copper limiters and without limiters. As a result of numerical simulation, it was found that the lowest temperatures of the specimen metal are observed when using copper limiters, and the highest when using graphite limiters (different thermal conductivity of materials) in comparison with the temperatures of the specimen obtained without limiters. With the use of graphite limiters, most of the specimen’s metal is in the temperature range of austenite formation (45%) and a more uniform growth of structural elements is observed, without sharp transitions between the deposited layers, in contrast to the other two types of specimens. The high value of the thermal conductivity of copper leads to an increase in the difference in the size of the dendrites between the central and peripheral side parts of the deposited specimen. The highest values of hardness are observed in the specimen obtained using graphite blocks, due to the more active diffusion of δ-ferrite into austenite by an average of 12%, compared with the other investigated specimens, despite the overall increase in size dendrites. The technology of electric arc multilayer build-up welding with the use of shaping graphite blocks makes it possible to produce a workpiece with a uniform structure and properties. The above makes it a promising direction in electric arc additive manufacturing.

Based on statistics from the World Nuclear Association, Kazakhstan has the highest uranium production in the world. Most of the uranium in the country is mined via in-situ leaching and the accurate classification of lithologic composition using electric logging data is economically crucial for this type of mining. In general, this classification is done manually, which is both inefficient and erroneous. Information technology tools, such as predictive analytics with Supervised Machine Learning (SML) algorithms and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) models, are nowadays widely used to automate geophysical processes, but little is known about their application for uranium mines. Previous experiments showed an ANN accuracy of about 60% in the task of lithological interpretation of logging data. To determine the upper limit of the accuracy of machine learning algorithms in such task and for indirect assessment of the experts’ influence, a digital borehole model was developed. This made it possible to generate a complete set of data avoiding subjective expert assessments. Using these data, the work of various ML algorithms, both simple (kNN) and deep learning models (LSTM), was evaluated.