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Numerous prognostic scores (PS) for patients with brain metastases (BM) have been developed. Recently, PS based on laboratory parameters were introduced to better predict overall survival (OS). A comprehensive comparison of the wide range of scores in a modern patient collective is still missing.Twelve PS considering clinical parameters only at the time of BM diagnosis were calculated for 470 patients receiving upfront SRS between January 2014 and March 2020. In a subcohort of 310 patients where a full laboratory dataset was available five additional prognostic scores were compared. Restricted mean survival time (RMST), partial likelihood and c-index were calculated as metrics for performance evaluation. Univariable and multivariable analysis were used to identify prognostic factors for OS.The median OS of the whole cohort was 15.8 months (95% C.I.: 13.4-20.1). All prognostic scores performed well in separating patients into different prognostic groups. RPA achieved the highest c-index, whereas GGS achieved highest partial likelihood with evaluation in the total cohort. With incorporation of the laboratory scores the recently suggested EC-GPA achieved highest c-index and highest partial likelihood. A prognostic score solely based on the assessment of performance status achieved considerable high performance as either 3- or 4-tiered score. Multivariable analysis revealed performance status, systemic disease status and laboratory parameters to be significantly associated with OS among variates included in prognostic scores.Although recent PS incorporating laboratory parameters show convincing performance in predicting overall survival, older scores relying on clinical parameters only are still valid and appealing as they are easier to calculate, and as overall performance is almost equal. Moreover, a score just based on performance status is not significantly inferior and should at least be assessed for informed decision making.

Zeitschrift für Pädagogik 41 (1995) 4, S. 555-577, In dem Beitrag werden Ergebnisse empirischer Untersuchungen zur beruflichen Befindlichkeit von Lehrern an Wirtschaftsschulen in den neuen Bundesländern vorgestellt. Dabei werden drei Problemfelder berufsbezogenen Lehrerdenkens und -handelns miteinander verknüpft - die Stützung und Sicherung pädagogischer Freiräume, die berufliche Zufriedenheit und die berufliche Belastung. In den 1992 bis 1994 erhobenen Daten spiegeln sich ein ausgeprägter "Reformgeist" der Lehrer an wirtschaftsberuflichen Schulen der neuen Bundesländer in diesen ersten Jahren nach der "Wende". Die gerade in diesem Zeitraum auftretenden hohen Belastungen werden von der Mehrheit der Befragten nicht ausschließlich negativ gesehen, sondern auch als beruflich- pädagogische Herausforderung wahrgenommen. In diesen und anderen Resultaten der vorgestellten Studie deuten sich möglicherweise bedeutsame Unterschiede zu Untersuchungsergebnissen an, die bereits vorliegende Studien für Lehrer aus den allgemeinen Schulen in den alten Bundesländern ausweisen. (DIPF/Orig.), The authors present results of empirical research on the professional situation of teachers working at commercial schools in the new Laender. Three problem areas as regards the teachers' job-related thinking and behavior are interconnected the support and safeguarding of pedagogical freedom, professional satisfaction and job-related stress. Data collected between 1992 and 1994 reflect a pronounced "reformatory spirit" of the teachers at commercial schools in the new Laender during the first years following the end of the GDR. The high degree of stress apparent during just this period was - by the majority of those questioned - considered not simply negative but was also perceived as a professional-pedagogical challenge. These and other results of the study presented here possibly point to significant differences to other findings discussed in already available studies on teachers at nonvocational schools in the old Laender. (DIPF/Orig.)