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Microplastic has emerged as a global threat owing to its chronic ubiquity and persistence. Microplastics’ small size expedites their ingestion at each trophic level causing biomagnification and bioaccumulation, which has raised public concerns. The present study isolated, quantified and characterized the abundance, shape, size, color, and chemical composition of the microplastics from water and sediments of the Hirakud Reservoir through a scanning electron microscope and FTIR. The ecological risk associated with the microplastics was assessed using the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) method to derive the Predicted No-Effect Concentration (PNEC) value and risk quotient (RQ). The abundance of microplastics in the surface water and sediments of the Hirakud Reservoir was estimated at 82–89 particles/L and 159–163 particles/kg, respectively. Fiber-shaped microplastics dominated both surface water (46.21%) and sediment samples (44.86%). Small-sized microplastics (53–300 μm) prevailed in all samples. Color delineation exhibited an abundance of transparent microplastics. Chemical characterization indicated the dominance of polypropylene (38%), followed by high-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, and polystyrene. The calculated PNEC value was 3,954 particles/m3, and the RQ was estimated to be 0.02073–0.04122 indicating negligible ecological risk to freshwater species in all the sampling sites. HIGHLIGHTS Microplastics were detected in all the sampling sites.; Transparent and fibrous microplastics dominated all sampling sites.; Aquaculture and tourism were found to be the possible contributors to microplastics.; FTIR analysis showed a higher abundance of polypropylene microplastics in the reservoir.; The calculated Risk Quotient indicated negligible ecological risk.;

It is a retrospective study and all samples received in the laboratory from symptomatic patients for estimation of Immunoglobulin A (IgA) antitissue transglutaminase (IgA anti-tTGA) antibodies are included. Seroprevalence of celiac disease was determined using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for IgA anti-tTGA. Out of 8787 serum samples received in the laboratory over a period of four years, the seroprevalence of CD was 2.1, 1.62, 0.72, and 3.3%, respectively.

This research article focused on optimising the parameter related to radial basis function (RBF) by solving the Fisher’s equation numerically. To obtain the numerical solutions, Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) algorithm is used along with radial basis functions (RBFs). PSO has been used by a number of researchers to obtain the optimised results in various scientific applications. In this work, using RBF-pseudospectral method, partial differential equations (PDEs) are transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) then are solved in MATLAB using the ODE solver. Two numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method by computingL∞, L2, and Lrms error norms with their order of convergence. Also, it can be demonstrated from the tables that the obtained results are in conformity with the results available in the literature.

Background Brucellosis is a disease reported in many parts of the world including India and the disease is also one of the important causes of PUO Pyrexia of Unknown Origin. The present study was conducted with an aim to determine the seroprevalence of human Brucellosis in patients reporting with PUO.Method A cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted at a tertiary care medical teaching institute in Northern India. A total of 369 serum samples were collected from PUO cases and tested for human Brucellosis by using Rose Bengal Plate Agglutination Test RBPT Serum Tube Agglutination Test STAT Enzyme linked Immunoassay ELISA.Results Overall seroprevalence in our study was found to be 2.98 0.5 0.8 and 1.6 by RBPT STAT and ELISA respectively.Conclusion In spite of the low prevalence of human Brucellosis clinicians must maintain a high index of suspicion for the possibility of a patient suffering from Brucellosis while encountering a case of PUO and it is advisable to elicit history in terms of certain occupations and risk factors for Brucellosis in patients reporting with PUO.

Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) heavily relies on the unique mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) known as the vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET). The convenience that the Location Based Service (LBS), security issues arising from VANETs' great portability. Among the most widely used privacy-preserving techniques, distributed k-anonymity does not consider users' reliability, which results in hostile vehicle tracking. Therefore, Blockchain-enabled, Trust and Location dependent-Privacy Preserving (BTLB-PP) authentication system in VANET to overcome issues. Trust Management (TM) based on Dirichlet distribution, client and member will only collaborate with vehicles they confide by explicitly examining various prerequisites of claimed vehicle and collaborative vehicle during construction of unidentified obfuscation region and integrating attributes of these two functions. Using blockchain, a data structure has been proposed to promptly register trust of vehicles on publicly available blocks, allowing any vehicle to retrieve. In the trials, tests on various datasets have been run. Suggested system is resistant to multiple trust model threats, improving the security of vehicles' confidentiality and privacy. The performance evaluation metrics are precision, recall, f-measure and false positive rate (FPR) are used to evaluate the proposed system. Results from the simulation show that the proposed method is efficient and practical in reality. The suggested method was tested in a simulated traffic situation to verify its effectiveness.

Abstract Rapid, cost-effective, and sensitive diagnostic assays are essential for global tuberculosis (TB) control, especially in high TB burden, resource-limited settings. The current study was designed to evaluate diagnostic accuracy of Truenat MTB-Rif Dx (MolBio) in children less than 18 years of age, with symptoms suggestive of TB. Gastric aspirate, induced sputum, and broncho-alveolar lavage samples were subjected simultaneously to AFB-smear, GeneXpert MTB/RIF, liquid culture (MGIT-960) and Truenat MTB-Rif Dx. The index-test results were evaluated against microbiological reference standards (MRS). Truenat MTB-Rif Dx had a sensitivity of 57.1%, specificity of 92% against MRS. The sensitivity and specificity of the Truenat MTB-RIF Dx compared with liquid culture was 58.7% and 87.5% while GeneXpert MTB/RIF was 56% and 91.4%. The performance of both GeneXpert MTB/RIF and Truenat MTB-Rif Dx are comparable. Result of our study demonstrates that Truenat MTB-Rif can aid in early and efficient diagnosis of TB in children.

Objective: The challenges of geriatric populace are plentiful and vexing, malnutrition being a critical issue. We studied the burden of malnutrition and determined its association with socio-demographic factors, depression, and other health variables. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 162 community-dwelling older adults to screen for malnutrition using mini nutritional assessment short-form (MNA-SF). Pearson's Chi-square test, one-way analysis of variance, correlation, and Multinominal logistic regression were used for data analysis. Results: Four-point nine percent older adults were malnourished and 42.6% were at risk of malnutrition. Malnutrition was higher in 60–69 years of age group (5.95%) and females (6.9%), while risk of malnutrition was high among >80 years (59.1%) and widowed (66.7%). Weight loss, decrease in food intake, dementia, stress, decreased mobility, and depression were significantly associated with malnutrition. Geriatric Depression and MNA-SF scores showed a significant negative correlation (r = −0.434). Comparison of means of MNA-SF and geriatric depression scale scores among well-nourished, at risk, and malnourished subjects showed significant difference (P < 0.001). Multinominal regression revealed that it is highly likely (P < 0.01) that the subjects were malnourished if they had body mass index 3 kg or suffered from acute disease or stress in the past 3 months while the likelihood of being “at risk” increased significantly only if subjects had acute disease or stress in preceding 3 months. Conclusions: Screening with MNA-SF can help identify at low cost a sizable proportion of elderly who are malnourished and “at risk.” Timely intervention can be instrumental in preventing the progression of infirmity and reducing its catastrophic consequences.

Abstract Background Fermented foods are the results of metabolic activities of various microorganisms. People have traditionally known how to culture desirable microorganisms, primarily lactic acid bacteria, yeasts, and filamentous molds, for the manufacture of edible foods. Yeast isolated from home-made mango pickle from Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, was assessed for probiotic properties and their enzymatic profiling. Results Four yeast isolates were isolated out of which P. kudriavzevii Y33 was selected on the basis of high acid tolerance as well as broadest antimicrobial activity. The selected isolate was observed to have high acid tolerance at pH 2 and show strong antimicrobial activity against all the pathogens examined. P. kudriavzevii Y33 can also withstand high bile concentration and showed high viability index, i.e., 95% at concentration of 2% of bile. The isolate was able to demonstrate high cholesterol assimilation in medium containing ox bile and taurocholate, at 88.58 and 86.83%, respectively. The autoaggregation ability of isolate increases with increasing the time of incubation and showed 87% of autoaggregation after 24 h of incubation. P. kudriavzevii Y33 exhibited resistance towards different antibiotics, found to be positive for exopolysaccharide production and showed no hemolytic activity. The isolate was observed to produce several enzymes such as β-galactosidase, protease, amylase, phytase, and lipase. Conclusions The results of the current study revealed that P. kudriavzevii Y33 has various beneficial qualities that suggest it could be used as probiotics. Enzymes produced by yeast isolate help in improving flavor and mineral availability in the fermented products.

Text classification technique is advancing rapidly alongside AI technology, showing signs of maturity. Moreover, there are always many unrestricted constraints that text classification must deal with in practical settings. English text is indeed a significant component of textual data and a significant source of data for persons seeking data from other countries. This study enhances the text classification method currently in use using text classification depending upon English quality. By using an illustration of English quality-related text classification systems, the concept as well as execution of text classification systems is demonstrated, concluding the study on text classification algorithms. The main task of this article is to categorize, and analyze huge volumes of information in English text using technique of integrating qualitative. Therefore, the fundamental components of superior English compositions are attained using Lion Optimization Algorithm (LOA). Convolutional Neural Network-Long Short Term Memory (CNN-LSTM) is utilized to classify the obtained texts. If there is a lot of training input, the typical English text classification method can easily display flaws like ambiguous characteristic elements. In light of such issues, the research suggests a quality-related English text classification approach based on convolutional neural network in order to enhance the precision and adaptability of English text classification.

This article has been removed: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies/article-withdrawal).This article has been removed at the request of the Authors, due to incomplete authorisation for the publication of the article from one of the author's institutions. The authors sincerely apologize for the inconvenience.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of oral dexamethasone and prednisolone in the treatment of newly diagnosed children aged 3–36 months of West syndrome. Methods: An open-labeled, randomized controlled clinical trial with parallel group assignment was conducted among children aged 3–36 months with newly diagnosed West syndrome. They were randomized to receive either oral dexamethasone (0.6 mg/kg/day QID) (n = 20) or oral prednisolone (4 mg/kg/day BD) (n = 20). Proportion of children who achieved spasm freedom at 2 weeks was the primary outcome. Secondary outcome measures were proportion of children who achieved electroclinical resolution, greater than 50% reduction in spasms frequency, time to cessation of spasms, and adverse effects at 2 weeks. Results: The efficacy of oral dexamethasone was comparable to oral prednisolone in terms of proportion of children who achieved spasms cessation (13 [65%] vs. 8 [40%]; P = 0.21), electroclinical remission (13 [65%] vs. 8 [40%] P = 0.21), greater than 50% reduction of spasms (3 [15%] vs. 7 [35%] P = 0.65), and time to cessation of spasms (5.31 [2.81] vs. 4.37 [1.41] P = 0.39). Adverse effect profile was also comparable with irritability (18 [90%] vs. 12 [60%] P = 0.06] being most common. Conclusion: There was no difference in electroclinical remission at 2 weeks between oral dexamethasone and prednisolone in children with infantile spasms in this small pilot trial. Further evaluation is suggested with an adequately powered study and long-term follow-up.

Background: The word Climacteric is shrouded in a culture of silence in our country, more so in the vast rural swathes of India. This survey was carried out to assess the knowledge and perceptions regarding climacteric in rural females of the Jammu district. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted in the Kot-Bhalwal health block of Jammu district. A sample of 215 was calculated assuming a minimum prevalence of 65% of menopausal symptoms. Using a two-step simple random sampling technique, a total of 245 postmenopausal women from four villages of the health block were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Results: Among the sources of information about climacteric, family and friends were prime sources followed by community elders. About one-third (35.10%) of the respondents had no discussion about climacteric with anyone. The majority of the participants had a positive perception of climacteric and described it as a feeling of relief. About 77.9% of study participants rated their health as poor to fair. However, about one-fourth of women had taken health checkups for menopause-related symptoms. None of the respondents had any clue about oncological screening. Conclusion: Despite positive perceptions, there is a need to dispel the misconceptions with rigorous awareness and counseling. The role of village-level health workers along with ANM at Sub Health Centers/Health and wellness centers is the game-changer in this context. Every opportunity including Antenatal clinics should be utilized to educate as well as screen menopausal females for various health problems.

Introduction: In India, a national program for stroke (national programme for the control of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, and stroke) and stroke management guidelines exist. Its successful implementation would need an organized system of stroke care in practice. However, many challenges exist including lack of awareness, prehospital notification systems, stroke ready hospitals, infrastructural weaknesses, and rehabilitation. We present here a protocol to investigate the feasibility and fidelity of implementing a uniform stroke care pathway in medical colleges of India. Methods and Analysis: This is a multicentric, prospective, multiphase, mixed-method, quasi-experimental implementation study intended to examine the changes in a select set of stroke care-related indicators over time within the sites exposed to the same implementation strategy. We shall conduct process evaluation of the implementation process as well as evaluate the effect of the implementation strategy using the interrupted time series design. During implementation phase, education and training about standard stroke care pathway will be provided to all stakeholders of implementing sites. Patient-level outcomes in the form of modified Rankin Scale score will be collected for all consecutive patients throughout the study. Process evaluation outcomes will be collected and reported in the form of various stroke care indicators. We will report level and trend changes in various indicators during the three study phases. Discussion: Acute stroke requires timely detection, management, and secondary prevention. Implementation of the uniform stroke care pathway is a unique opportunity to promote the requirements of homogenous stroke care in medical colleges of India.

Diseases that affect plant leaves stop the growth of their individual species. Early and accurate diagnosis of plant diseases may reduce the likelihood that the plant will suffer further harm. The intriguing approach needed more time, exclusivity, and skill. Images of leaves are used to identify plant leaf diseases. Research on deep learning (DL) appears to have a lot of potential for improved accuracy. The substantial advancements and expansions in deep learning have created the opportunity to improve the coordination and accuracy of the system for identifying and appreciating plant leaf diseases. This study presents an innovative deep learning technique for disease detection and classification named Ant Colony Optimization with Convolution Neural Network (ACO-CNN).The effectiveness of disease diagnosis in plant leaves was investigated using ant colony optimization (ACO). Geometries of colour, texture, and plant leaf arrangement are subtracted from the provided images using the CNN classifier. A few of the effectiveness metrics used for analysis and proposing a suggested method prove that the proposed approach performs better than existing techniques with an accuracy rate concert measures are utilized for the execution of these approaches. These steps are used in the phases of disease detection: picture acquisition, image separation, nose removal, and classification.

Background Anemia is the most common disorder which contributes significantly to high maternal mortality. Despite the availability of low-cost effective interventions for prevention and treatment of anemia among pregnant women its prevalence is still high.Objective This study aimed to check the prevalence of anemia and its associated risk factors among pregnant women attending a secondary level health care center in North India.Method A cross-sectional record-based study was carried out at a District Hospital in North India to study the prevalence and risk factors of anemia among the registered antenatal females.Results Mean age of antenatal females was 27.68plusmn4.59 years Range 18 ndash 45 years. Around 89.38 females were fully immunized with tetanus toxoid TT 8.94 had taken only one dose and 1.68 were unimmunized. About 96.08 of pregnant women had taken iron folic acid IFA supplementation. 78.77 delivered normally while one-fifth delivered through lower segment Caesarean section LSCS. 20 of registered females delivered neonates with low birth weight. 97.21 pregnant mothers were found to be anemic. 19.55 59.22 and 18.44 pregnant women had mild moderate and severe anemia respectively. Moderate anemia was highest in second order pregnancies while severe anemia was highest in third order pregnancies. Severe anemia was higher among caesarean deliveries 28.95 in comparison to normal deliveries 15.60. There was statistically significant difference between hemoglobin levels of women who delivered low birth weight and those who delivered normal weight babies p0.017 and also between females who had received TT and those who were unimmunized p0.002.Conclusion Anemia in pregnancy continues to be a major public health challenge. Rigorous efforts for implementation of various maternal health schemes at grass root level are imperative to reduce its catastrophic consequences.

The aim of this research work is to obtain the numerical solution of Fisher’s equation using the radial basis function (RBF) with pseudospectral method (RBF-PS). The two optimization techniques, namely, particle swarm optimization (PSO) and artificial bee colony (ABC), have been compared for the numerical results in terms of errors, which are employed to find the shape parameter of the RBF. Two problems of Fisher’s equation are presented to test the accuracy of the method, and the obtained numerical results are compared to verify the effectiveness of this novel approach. The calculation of the error norms leads to the conclusion that the performance of PSO is better than the ABC algorithm to minimize the error for the shape parameter in a given range.

Abstract Since the beginning, human beings have consistently been using plants and their components for the prevention and treatment of various ailments. However, in the last few decades, plant‐based medicines and health supplements are gaining more acceptability and rapid popularity. Licorice (Glycyrrhiza sp.) is a terrestrial herb belonging to the family Fabaceae and primarily cultivated in European, Middle Eastern, and South Asian countries. Ethnomedicinal uses of licorice have frequently been described in the world's renowned medical systems, including Ayurveda, Unani, Chinese, Korean, Japanese, African, and European traditional medical systems. To date, 30 species of licorice are known, and among them, G. glabra, G. inflata, and G. uralensis are significantly explored for nutritional and pharmacological benefits. The wide range of commercially available products, including herbal preparations, health supplements, cosmetics, and food and feeds preparations use licorice as active ingredient. Glabridin, licochalcone A, glycyrrhizin, and 18‐glycyrrhetinic acid are the notable phytochemicals isolated from licorice and immensely explored for biological and pharmacological activities. Nevertheless, the excessive intake of licorice has also been associated with a wide spectrum of adverse effects on human health. Among them, several are reported to be mediated by modulation of drug‐metabolizing cytochrome P‐450 enzymes. In the present review, we provide a comprehensive description of the current knowledge of licorice, including historical development, phytoconstituents, species‐specific marker metabolites, herb–drug interaction, pharmacological uses, food additive application, and toxicities. We believe this review will provide excellent information to physicians, researchers, and personnel of different scientific regulatory bodies.

Log files are a significant piece of records that once properly analyzed, can yield helpful information. The usage of cloud services for log analysis is almost inevitable due to the greater rate of production and quantity of hardware and sensors that produce logs. The idea is to adopt machine learning mechanisms to “understand” what such a test suite's “anticipated” behavior is. This implies the system needs to be able to learn the difference among a Hadoop log file that contains a threat that does not really, based on past patterns. Many programs that really can effectively monitor the Hadoop cluster have been developed. The bulk of these tools collect relevant information from every cluster node and send it to be processed. The majority of these diagnostic tools were post-execution techniques commonly. This paper gives an experimental evaluation of the various log analysts used in Hadoop for error monitoring and detection. MapReduce is configured using these files. The algorithms were tested on a parser set of labelled log files, and their efficiency was assessed by looking for abnormal events in the Hadoop log files and executing an experimentation using the methods. The algorithms used were Term Frequency Inverse Document Frequency, Random Forest, and Local Outlier Factor. Later, the clustering with K-Means and Principal component analysis is utilized to extract certain relevant details from the data, monitor groups of bits of data to find aberrant events. The Term Frequency Inverse Document Frequency strategy surpassed the other two techniques in predicting threat occurrences in data, according to the findings. The findings would help developers in locating abnormal occurrences without having to go through the Hadoop log file row by row individually. The framework generates events that behave in a different way than the rest of such events in the log and leads the mechanism to fail to work.

Modern mobile electronic devices such as smartphones or cell phones can now be used for distant devices such as technical systems to monitor and control. While surveillance systems do not require high standards navigating about the time of transfer of the displayed data. More real-time data are needed for a remote mobile robot transfer. Therefore, it has investigated and measured not only the possibilities of employing mobile devices. But also, the supported data transmission channels, such as UMTS, GSM, Wireless LAN, and Bluetooth. The remote-control system is used in many applications such as smart homes, cities, smart hospitals, etc., but it must be today updated to ensure fast-changing technology. Extensive coverage, remote control, and reliable operation in real-time in the deployment of wireless security knowledge. The home automation control system delivers significant features together with a user-friendly interface. A secure remote-based end-to-end security system NTMobile, a technique that enables NAT to provide transverse and encrypted communication from end to end. This confirmed that evaluating the performance of the system in the ECHONET lite compatible smartphone ecosystem. This gives flexibility in configuring time-sensitive industrial networks and enables them to be secured. A safe and reliable remote-control system is also conceivable under the privacy of the user.

Internet connections and cellular technologies are extensively used throughout the globe. Anomaly detection systems have considered an essential tool for detecting a broad range of hostile activity in the cyberspace domain. The researchers of this paper address the problems and existing knowledge of anomalous detecting for mobile networks as they prepare to embrace the “big data” age. As new computer cyber-security defects and vulnerabilities are reported every day, anomaly detection systems (ADSs) are getting increasingly crucial. The major objective is to develop methods for scanning networks activity and detecting unusual behaviours that could be the result of anomalous assaults.The Dirichlet mixture prototype dependent on anomaly detection methodology is a proposed methodology called DM-ADs; anomaly detecting engine that incorporates 3 components: collecting and logging, pre-processing, and a novel statistical decision processor. This paper offers a hybrid anomaly detection method that combines several characteristic selecting strategies with an appropriate mixture approach to recognize each assault form with great precision. The suggested method's effectiveness is assessed using two databases, the NSL-KDD. The effectiveness of the suggested ADS was proved by retaining excellent precision and minimal false-positive percentages in all sorts of attacks.

Nowadays majority of the college students' physical condition is worrying. They are not physically and also mentally healthy. If so, why? Their selection of foods is not consistent. Thus, they are more likely to suffer from chronic illnesses such as diabetes, hypertension, stress, etc. in the future. Awareness should be created to prevent such diseases before they occur. Physiological parameters measured included Systolic (SBP) and Diastolic (DBP) Blood Pressure, Body mass Index (BMI), Blood Serum Cholesterol (BSC), and percentage of Body Fat (%BF). These parameters are retrieved and classified to check the physical health or predict if any abnormalities are found in the health condition of college students. Therefore, to predict and classify their health status using Breiman's Random Forest (RF) Algorithm is proposed in this paper. Of all the classification methods available, random forests offer the greatest accuracy. Random forest method also handles large data with thousands of variables. When a class is more sparse than further classes in the data it can spontaneously balance the data sets. The outcome shows that the proposed Random Forest algorithm is accurate in predicting and checking the health condition of students. Students' physical condition should be diagnosed through this method. By knowing the healthy body parameters of the students, a physician can know whether they are healthy or not.

Introduction: Topical corticosteroids are most commonly used for the control of postoperative inflammation after cataract surgery. Topical steroids may cause increase in Intraocular Pressure (IOP) which, if left untreated may lead to progressive optic nerve damage and glaucomatous field defects. Aim: To compare the ocular hypertensive response of three commonly used corticosteroids in an effort to generate evidence for managing postcataract surgery inflammation more effectively. Materials and Methods: This randomised clinical trial was carried out for a period of one year from November 2018 to October 2019, among 150 patients undergoing cataract surgery. Patients were divided into three groups. Group A-50 patients received topical dexamethasone 0.1%, Group B-50 patients received topical prednisolone 1% and Group C-50 patients received topical difluprednate 0.05% four times a day for six weeks after cataract surgery. Postoperative IOP was recorded preoperatively, on first postoperative day and at the end of first week, third week and sixth week with non contact tonometer and statistical significance was assessed with the help of repeated measures mixed model Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Results: The mean age of the patients was 64.4±9.39 years, 48% were males and 52% patients were females. Mean IOP in the three drug groups was not statistically significant at 1st week, 3rd week and at 6th week after cataract surgery. Two patients belonging to difluprednate group at the end of 1st week and one patient at the end of 3rd week after cataract surgery developed significant rise in IOP (>31 mmHg). Conclusion: It can be concluded that all three steroids were equally safe and did not cause any statistically significant rise in IOP over six-week postoperative period. However, higher values were noted in difluprednate group at the end of first and third week after cataract surgery.

Background and Objectives: Anaerobic infections are usually caused by the host’s endogenous flora due to a breach in the anatomical barriers and Bacteroides spp. are the most notorious organisms associated with anaerobic infections. The identification of anaerobes has been a challenge since times. MALDI-TOF-MS is a boon for aiding the rapid detection of anaerobic organisms and has helped us to enlist the distribution of various anaerobic pathogens. Materials and Methods: This retrospective analysis (January 2018 to December 2019) was carried out in a tertiary care hospital in North India, in which the anaerobic microbiological profile of all patients admitted to surgical wards, ICU, and OPD of various departments (Orthopedics, Surgery, Gynecology, and Obstetrics) was reviewed. Samples received were immediately processed aerobically (5% sheep blood agar and Mac Conkeyagar) as well as anaerobically (RCM and freshly prepared sheep blood agar) as per the laboratory protocols. Results: Bacteroides fragilis (19.12%) was the most common anaerobe whereas among aerobes Escherichia coli (30.2%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (10.34%) were most commonly isolated. The majority of patients were males (56%) and the most common presentation was with abscesses (21.4%). Polymicrobial infections (69.51%) outnumbered monomicrobial ones (30.48%). Conclusion: There is a paucity of literature on anaerobe isolation from surgical infections from our country which motivated us to study anaerobic infections and the high sample size in our institute enabled us to study surgical infections from an anaerobic perspective. This will add to the knowledge of microbiologists and clinicians. MALDI-TOF MS helped in rapid and accurate identification and hence we could report a wider spectrum of organisms in our study.