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Wisdom is the hallmark of social judgment, but how people across cultures recognize wisdom remains unclear-distinct philosophical traditions suggest different views of wisdoms cardinal features. We explore perception of wise minds across 16 socio-economically and culturally diverse convenience samples from 12 countries. Participants assessed wisdom exemplars, non-exemplars, and themselves on 19 socio-cognitive characteristics, subsequently rating targets wisdom, knowledge, and understanding. Analyses reveal two positively related dimensions-Reflective Orientation and Socio-Emotional Awareness. These dimensions are consistent across the studied cultural regions and interact when informing wisdom ratings: wisest targets-as perceived by participants-score high on both dimensions, whereas the least wise are not reflective but moderately socio-emotional. Additionally, individuals view themselves as less reflective but more socio-emotionally aware than most wisdom exemplars. Our findings expand folk psychology and social judgment research beyond the Global North, showing how individuals perceive desirable cognitive and socio-emotional qualities, and contribute to an understanding of mind perception.

Background: Humans often use co-speech gestures to promote effective communication. Attention has been paid to the cortical areas engaged in the processing of co-speech gestures. Aims: To investigate the neural network underpinned in the processing of co-speech gestures and to observe whether there is a relationship between areas involved in language and gesture processing. Methods & Procedures: We planned to include studies with neurotypical and/or stroke participants who underwent a bimodal task (i.e., processing of co-speech gestures with relative speech) and a unimodal task (i.e., speech or gesture alone) during a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) session. After a database search, abstract and full-text screening were conducted. Qualitative and quantitative data were extracted, and a meta-analysis was performed with the software GingerALE 3.0.2, performing contrast analyses of uni- and bimodal tasks. Main Contribution: The database search produced 1024 records. After the screening process, 27 studies were included in the review. Data from 15 studies were quantitatively analysed through meta-analysis. Meta-analysis found three clusters with a significant activation of the left middle frontal gyrus and inferior frontal gyrus, and bilateral middle occipital gyrus and inferior temporal gyrus. Conclusions: There is a close link at the neural level for the semantic processing of auditory and visual information during communication. These findings encourage the integration of the use of co-speech gestures during aphasia treatment as a strategy to foster the possibility to communicate effectively for people with aphasia.

Agricultural landscapes contribute positively to the visual texture of the city and change over time. In this context, this study aims to determine the visual landscape quality of agricultural landscapes based on parameters on expert approach the hypothesis; it is important and necessary to determine the visual landscape values based on the change in agricultural landscapes over time. Within the framework of the developed hypothesis, it aims to make an expert-based visual landscape assessment of the agricultural landscapes of Tekirdağ Province, located in the northwestern part of Türkiye, based on nine subclasses created according to the CORINE land cover (CLC) classes, on the basis of 4 main parameters. Using the AHP technique, the priorities of the parameters and agricultural landscape classes and the relationships between basic parameters and visual preferences were determined. In this direction, the questions; What are the priorities of parameters that are effective in determining the visual quality of agricultural landscapes on the basis of expert approach?; What kind of changes have occurred in agricultural landscapes during the years 1990-2000-2006-2012-2018 in 9 subclasses created according to the CLC classes? and; How should the visual landscape quality values of the agricultural landscape subclasses created according to the CLC classes be ranked? The results of the study can be used as a tool in landscape planning and management studies as a factor in strengthening landscape quality.

Abstract Two-pore domain K+ (K2P) channel activity was previously thought to be controlled primarily via a selectivity filter (SF) gate. However, recent crystal structures of TASK-1 and TASK-2 revealed a lower gate at the cytoplasmic pore entrance. Here, we report functional evidence of such a lower gate in the K2P channel K2P17.1 (TALK-2, TASK-4). We identified compounds (drugs and lipids) and mutations that opened the lower gate allowing the fast modification of pore cysteine residues. Surprisingly, stimuli that directly target the SF gate (i.e., pHe., Rb+ permeation, membrane depolarization) also opened the cytoplasmic gate. Reciprocally, opening of the lower gate reduced the electric work to open the SF via voltage driven ion binding. Therefore, it appears that the SF is so rigidly locked into the TALK-2 protein structure that changes in ion occupancy can pry open a distant lower gate and, vice versa, opening of the lower gate concurrently promote SF gate opening. This concept might extent to other K+ channels that contain two gates (e.g., voltage-gated K+ channels) for which such a positive gate coupling has been suggested, but so far not directly demonstrated.

Abstract TASK-5 (KCNK15) belongs to the acid-sensitive subfamily of two-pore domain potassium (K2P) channels, which includes TASK-1 and TASK-3. TASK-5 stands out as K2P channel for which there is no functional data available, since it was reported in 2001 as non-functional and thus “silent”. Here we show that TASK-5 channels are indeed non-functional as homodimers, but are involved in the formation of functional channel complexes with TASK-1 and TASK-3. TASK-5 negatively modulates the surface expression of TASK channels, while the heteromeric TASK-5-containing channel complexes located at the plasma membrane are characterized by changes in single-channel conductance, Gq-coupled receptor-mediated channel inhibition, and sensitivity to TASK modulators. The unique pharmacology of TASK-1/TASK-5 heterodimers, affected by a common polymorphism in KCNK15, needs to be carefully considered in the future development of drugs targeting TASK channels. Our observations provide an access to study TASK-5 at the functional level, particularly in malignant cancers associated with KCNK15.

Abstract Wisdom is the hallmark of social judgment, but how people across cultures recognize wisdom remains unclear—distinct philosophical traditions suggest different views of wisdom’s cardinal features. We explore perception of wise minds across 16 socio-economically and culturally diverse convenience samples from 12 countries. Participants assessed wisdom exemplars, non-exemplars, and themselves on 19 socio-cognitive characteristics, subsequently rating targets’ wisdom, knowledge, and understanding. Analyses reveal two positively related dimensions—Reflective Orientation and Socio-Emotional Awareness. These dimensions are consistent across the studied cultural regions and interact when informing wisdom ratings: wisest targets—as perceived by participants—score high on both dimensions, whereas the least wise are not reflective but moderately socio-emotional. Additionally, individuals view themselves as less reflective but more socio-emotionally aware than most wisdom exemplars. Our findings expand folk psychology and social judgment research beyond the Global North, showing how individuals perceive desirable cognitive and socio-emotional qualities, and contribute to an understanding of mind perception.

Abstract The effect of practice schedule on retention and transfer has been studied since the first publication on contextual interference (CI) in 1966. However, strongly advocated by scientists and practitioners, the CI effect also aroused some doubts. Therefore, our objective was to review the existing literature on CI and to determine how it affects retention in motor learning. We found 1255 articles in the following databases: Scopus, EBSCO, Web of Science, PsycINFO, ScienceDirect, supplemented by the Google Scholar search engine. We screened full texts of 294 studies, of which 54 were included in the meta-analysis. In the meta-analyses, two different models were applied, i.e., a three-level mixed model and random-effects model with averaged effect sizes from single studies. According to both analyses, high CI has a medium beneficial effect on the whole population. These effects were statistically significant. We found that the random practice schedule in laboratory settings effectively improved motor skills retention. On the contrary, in the applied setting, the beneficial effect of random practice on the retention was almost negligible. The random schedule was more beneficial for retention in older adults (large effect size) and in adults (medium effect size). In young participants, the pooled effect size was negligible and statically insignificant.

Abstract Virtual reality therapy has been shown to be effective in coping with psychological disorders accompanied by cardiovascular disease. Age appears to be a factor that can affect the effectiveness of psychological therapy in a virtual environment. Therefore, the aim of the study was to explore whether there are age-related differences in the effectiveness of reducing levels of depression and anxiety during a virtual reality psychological intervention implemented for rehabilitation. The study included 25 younger (

Abstract Background An unexpected impaired ovarian response pertains to an insufficient reaction to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. This deficient reaction is identified by a reduced count of mature follicles and retrieved oocytes during an IVF cycle, potentially diminishing the likelihood of a successful pregnancy. This research seeks to examine whether the characteristics of antral follicles can serve as predictive indicators for the unexpected impaired ovarian response to controlled ovarian stimulation (COS). Methods This retrospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary university hospital. The electronic database of the ART (assisted reproductive technologies) center was screened between the years 2012–2022. Infertile women under 35 years, with normal ovarian reserve [anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) > 1.2 ng/ml, antral follicle count (AFC) > 5] who underwent their first controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) cycle were selected. Women with

In this article, I rely on religious existential philosophy to make sense of the moral restoration expressed by combat veterans who engage in reconciliation with former enemies after suffering from moral injury. Moral injury is the persistent feeling of having betrayed one’s deepest moral values. Anthropological research and analyses of combat veterans’ testimony suggest that moral injury may be associated with reconciliation, which is considered here as a manifestation of an inner transformation akin to existential philosophies of striving for moral authenticity. Specifically, it is argued that Thomas Merton’s defense of living a morally authentic life, which constitutes a process of moving from spiritual woundedness to social engagement with the other, parallels the transition of combat veterans involved in postconflict reconciliation efforts. Given this correspondence, existential moral transformation is considered alongside the anthropology of peace for explaining moral injury as a precondition for reconciliation, notably after armed conflict.

Using virtual reality (VR) for Muscular Dystrophy (MD) rehabilitation promises to be a novel therapeutic approach, potentially enhancing motor learning, functional outcomes, and overall quality of life. This systematic review primarily aimed to provide a comprehensive summary of the current understanding regarding the application of VR in supporting MD rehabilitation. A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science to identify relevant articles. The inclusion criteria encompassed studies involving individuals diagnosed with MD who underwent VR interventions, with a primary focus on assessing functional improvement. Methodological quality of the studies was assessed by using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. Seven studies, involving 440 individuals with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), were included in the review. Among these studies, six primarily explored the motor learning potential of VR, while one study investigated the impact of VR training on functional abilities. In conclusion, the qualitative synthesis supports VR-based interventions’ potential positive effects on motor learning, performance improvement, and functional outcomes in individuals with DMD. However, current usage mainly focuses on assessing the potential mechanisms’ benefits, suggesting the importance of expanding clinical adoption to harness their therapeutic potential for MD patients.

Summary: Popeye domain containing (POPDC) proteins are predominantly expressed in the heart and skeletal muscle, modulating the K2P potassium channel TREK-1 in a cAMP-dependent manner. POPDC1 and POPDC2 variants cause cardiac conduction disorders with or without muscular dystrophy. Searching for POPDC2-modulated ion channels using a functional co-expression screen in Xenopus oocytes, we found POPDC proteins to modulate the cardiac sodium channel Nav1.5. POPDC proteins downregulate Nav1.5 currents in a cAMP-dependent manner by reducing the surface expression of the channel. POPDC2 and Nav1.5 are both expressed in different regions of the murine heart and consistently POPDC2 co-immunoprecipitates with Nav1.5 from native cardiac tissue. Strikingly, the knock-down of popdc2 in embryonic zebrafish caused an increased upstroke velocity and overshoot of cardiac action potentials. The POPDC modulation of Nav1.5 provides a new mechanism to regulate cardiac sodium channel densities under sympathetic stimulation, which is likely to have a functional impact on cardiac physiology and inherited arrhythmias.

Abstract Background The large-scale digitalization of healthcare has induced shifts in patient preferences, prompting the introduction of therapies utilizing novel technologies. In this context, the targeted application of these interventions is deemed as crucial as assessing their overall effectiveness. The aim of this study was to characterize the patient profile who benefited most from immersive virtual reality (VR) therapy. Methods Based on the results from the previous randomized controlled trial study, we employed an exploratory study design to determine the factors associated with the most significant mental health improvement. A secondary analysis was conducted on a sample of 83 participants, with further analysis of participants with elevated depression symptoms, as indicated by a score of > 10 on the 30-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-30). Both groups participated in a similar post-stroke rehabilitation program; however, the experimental group also received additional VR therapy through an immersive VR garden intervention. The GDS-30 was used to assess mood and depressive symptoms, and sociodemographic, cognitive status as well as stroke-related variables were considered as potential factors. Results In both the experimental (mean change 5.3) and control groups (mean change 2.8), interventions significantly reduced depressive symptoms, with a more pronounced difference in the experimental group (p

Abstract Research on effectiveness of rehabilitation programmes continues to investigate impact of therapeutic interventions on various motor parameters in children with intellectual disability (ID). This study compared the effectiveness of rehabilitation, reflected by physical fitness, static balance, and dynamic balance measurements, in children with mild ID. A total of 70 children with mild ID were enrolled for the study and were divided into two equal groups based on their body mass index (BMI) percentile, reflecting obesity or normal weight. Physical fitness was assessed using the Eurofit Special Test, whereas balance was evaluated with single-leg stance and timed up and go tests. The examinations were performed twice: At the beginning and at the end of a six-month therapy programme. Improvements were shown in the muscle strength of the upper limbs (p

Arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) are environmental pollutants found in common sites linked to similar adverse health effects. This study determined driving factors of neurotoxicity on the developing cerebral vasculature with As and Pb mixture exposures. Cerebral vascular toxicity was evaluated at mixture concentrations of As and Pb representing human exposures levels (10 or 100 parts per billion; ppb; µg/L) in developing zebrafish by assessing behavior, morphology, and gene expression. In the visual motor response assay, hyperactivity was observed in all three outcomes in dark phases in larvae with exposure (1–120 h post fertilization, hpf) to 10 ppb As, 10 ppb Pb, or 10 ppb mix treatment. Time spent moving exhibited hyperactivity in dark phases for 100 ppb As and 100 ppb mix treatment groups only. A decreased brain length and ratio of brain length to total length in the 10 ppb mix group was measured with no alterations in other treatment groups or other endpoints (i.e., total larval length, head length, or head width). Alternatively, measurements of cerebral vasculature in the midbrain and cerebellum uncovered decreased total vascularization at 72 hpf in all treatment groups in the mesencephalon and in all treatment groups, except the 100 ppb Pb and 10 ppb As groups, in the cerebellum. In addition, decreased sprouting and branching occurred in the mesencephalon, while only decreased branching was measured in the cerebellum. The 10 ppb Pb group showed several cerebral vasculature modifications that were aligned with a specific gene expression alteration pattern different from other treatment groups. Additionally, the 100 ppb As group drove gene alterations, along with several other endpoints, for changes observed in the 100 ppb mix treatment group. Perturbations assessed in this study displayed non-linear concentration-responses, which are important to consider in environmental health outcomes for As and Pb neurotoxicity.

Abstract Technological advancements facilitate feedback adaptation in rehabilitation through virtual reality (VR) exergaming, serious gaming, wearables, and telerehabilitation for older adults fall prevention. Although studies have evaluated these technologies, no comparisons of their effectiveness have been conducted to date. Thus, this study aims to assess the differences in effectiveness of these interventions on balance and functional mobility in the older adults. A systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) were conducted to identify the most effective interventions for improving balance and functional mobility in adults aged 60 and over. The search was conducted in five databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, and Web of Science) up to June 10, 2023. The eligibility criteria were: (1) older adults, (2) functional mobility, balance, or gait as the primary outcome, (3) new technology intervention, and (4) randomized study design. New technology interventions were classified into five categories: exergaming with balance platforms or motion capture technologies, other serious gaming, interventions with wearables, and telerehabilitation. Additionally, two categories of control interventions (conventional exercises and no treatment) were extracted. The NMA was performed for the aggregated results of all outcomes, and separately for clinical functional scales, functional mobility, and gait speed results. Fifty-two RCTs with 3081 participants were included. Exergaming with motion capture was found to be statistically significant in producing a better effect than no treatment in the analysis of the functional mobility with an SMD of −0.70 (P

Abstract The TWIK-related spinal cord K + channel (TRESK, K2P18.1) is a K2P channel contributing to the maintenance of membrane potentials in various cells. Recently, physiological TRESK function was identified as a key player in T-cell differentiation rendering the channel a new pharmacological target for treatment of autoimmune diseases. The channel activator cloxyquin represents a promising lead compound for the development of a new class of immunomodulators. Identification of cloxyquin binding site and characterization of the molecular activation mechanism can foster the future drug development. Here, we identify the cloxyquin binding site at the M2/M4 interface by mutational scan and analyze the molecular mechanism of action by protein modeling as well as in silico and in vitro electrophysiology using different permeating ion species (K+ / Rb+). In combination with kinetic analyses of channel inactivation, our results suggest that cloxyquin allosterically stabilizes the inner selectivity filter facilitating the conduction process subsequently activating hTRESK.

The scientific literature on poststroke rehabilitation is remarkably vast. Over the last decades, dozens of rehabilitation approaches have been investigated. However, sometimes it is challenging to trace new experimental interventions back to some of the known models of motor control and sensorimotor learning. This scoping review aimed to investigate motor control models’ diffusion among the literature on motor recovery after stroke. We performed a literature search on Medline, Cochrane, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus databases. The last search was conducted in September 2023. This scoping review included full-text articles published in English in peer-reviewed journals that provided rehabilitation interventions based on motor control or motor learning frameworks for at least one individual with stroke. For each study, we identified the theoretical framework the authors used to design the experimental treatment. To this aim, we used a previously proposed classification of the known models of motor control, dividing them into the following categories: neuroanatomy, robotics, self-organization, and ecological context. In total, 2,185 studies were originally considered in this scoping review. After the screening process, we included and analyzed 45 studies: 20 studies were randomized controlled trials, 12 were case series, 4 were case reports, 8 were observational longitudinal pilot studies, and 1 was an uncontrolled trial. Only 10 studies explicitly declared the reference theoretical model. Considering their classification, 21 studies referred to the robotics motor control model, 12 to the self-organization model, 8 to the neuroanatomy model, and 4 to the ecological model. Our results showed that most of the rehabilitative interventions purposed in stroke rehabilitation have no clear theoretical bases on motor control and motor learning models. We suggest this is an issue that deserves attention when designing new experimental interventions in stroke rehabilitation.

In this study, the bioclimatic comfort status for tourism was determined through PET using RayMan model in the case of rural settlements of Kırklareli/Kofçaz located in the northwest part of Turkey. For calculating the thermal comfort index of PET in RayMan, monthly average temperature, relative humidity, and wind measurement long- term values between 1980-2018 with respect to 13 climate stations located within the borders of Turkey and Bulgaria were used and interpolated with the IDW method in ArcGIS program. Afterwards, seasonal, and monthly climatic maps were established regarding annual average temperature, relative humidity and wind speed. The maps obtained were classified according to the comfort zones that determine the bioclimatic comfort and the bioclimatic comfort map of the study area was created. As a result of the assessments performed, it has been determined that the bioclimatic comfort situation varies temporally and spatially. The results obtained from the study will be effective in determining the period and place preferences in tourism planning, determining rural development-oriented strategies, and ensuring the quality of life and comfort of the relevant stakeholders. It will serve as a reference for the climate-sensitive approach targeted in upper-scale plans and policies within the scope of combating climate change.

There are many ways to go wrong when evaluating new information, e.g. by putting unwarranted trust in non-experts, or failing to scrutinize information about threats. We examined how effective people were at evaluating information about the COVID-19 pandemic. Early in the course of the pandemic, we recruited 1791 participants from six countries with varying levels of pandemic severity, and asked them to evaluate true and false pandemic-related statements (assertions and prescriptions) sampled from the media. We experimentally manipulated the source of each statement (a doctor, a political/religious leader, social media, etc.). Overall, people proved to be epistemically vigilant: they distinguished between true and false statements, especially prescriptions, and they trusted doctors more than other sources. These effects were moderated by feeling threatened by the pandemic, and by strong identification with some sources (political/religious leaders). These findings provide optimism in the fight against misinformation, while highlighting challenges posed by politics and ideology.

Dizziness can be a debilitating condition with various causes, with at least one episode reported in 17% to 30% of the international adult population. Given the effectiveness of rehabilitation in treating dizziness and the recent advancements in telerehabilitation, this systematic review aims to investigate the effectiveness of telerehabilitation in the treatment of this disorder. The search, conducted across Medline, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and PEDro databases, included randomized controlled trials assessing the efficacy of telerehabilitation interventions, delivered synchronously, asynchronously, or via tele-support/monitoring. Primary outcomes focused on dizziness frequency/severity and disability, with secondary outcomes assessing anxiety and depression measures. Seven articles met the eligibility criteria, whereas five articles contributed to the meta-analysis. Significant findings were observed regarding the frequency and severity of dizziness (mean difference of 3.01, p < 0.001), disability (mean difference of −4.25, p < 0.001), and anxiety (standardized mean difference of −0.16, p = 0.02), favoring telerehabilitation. Telerehabilitation shows promise as a treatment for dizziness, aligning with the positive outcomes seen in traditional rehabilitation studies. However, the effectiveness of different telerehabilitation approaches requires further investigation, given the moderate methodological quality and the varied nature of existing methods and programs.

The aim of study is to investigate the relationship between self-disclosure and internet addiction. Self-Disclosure Scale and Internet Addiction Scale were applied to students. Results indicated a negative correlation between self-disclosure and internet addiction. Self-disclosure was negative predicted by internet addiction in the structural equation model. Fit indices obtained from the structural equation model established to determine the level of clarification of internet addiction by the level of self-disclosure indicates that the model fits well.

Counseling and non-counseling duties were investigated. The Assessment of School Counselor Needs for Professional Development (ASCNPD; Dahir & Stone, 2003, 2004) was used to examine the practices of 1,244 school counselors to determine the prevalence of the activities among school counselors. Principal component analysis indicated a two-factor structure for the ASCNPD related to "counseling duties" and "noncounseling duties." Additional analyses using MANOVA revealed significant grade level differences and urban and rural school differences. Results and implications related to counseling roles and role confusion are discussed.