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2. Symmetric Domain Segmentation in WS2 Flakes: Correlating spatially resolved photoluminescence, conductance with valley polarization

Author

Kayal, Arijit, Barman, Prahalad Kanti, Sarma, Prasad V., Shaijumon, M. M., Kini, R. N., and Mitra, J.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

The incidence of intra-flake heterogeneity of spectroscopic and electrical properties in chemical vapour deposited (CVD) WS2 flakes is explored in a multi-physics investigation, via spatially resolved spectroscopic maps correlated with electrical, electronic and mechanical properties. The investigation demonstrates that the three-fold symmetric segregation of spectroscopic response (photoluminescence and Raman (spectral and intensity)), in topographically uniform WS2 flakes are accompanied by commensurate segmentation of electronic properties e.g. local carrier density and the differences in the mechanics of tip-sample interactions, evidenced via scanning probe microscopy phase maps. Overall, the differences are understood to originate from point defects, namely sulphur vacancies within the flake along with a dominant role played by the substrate. While evolution of the multi-physics maps upon sulphur annealing elucidates the role played by S-vacancy, substrate-induced effects are investigated by contrasting data from WS2 flake on Si and Au surfaces. Local charge depletion induced by the nature of the sample-substrate junction in case of WS2 on Au is seen to invert the electrical response with comprehensible effects on their spectroscopic properties. Finally, the role of these optoelectronic properties in preserving valley polarization, affecting valleytronic applications, in WS2 flakes is investigated via circular polarisation discriminated photoluminescence experiments. The study provides a thorough understanding of spatial heterogeneity in optoelectronic properties of WS2 and other two dimensional transition metal chalcogenides, which are critical for device fabrication and potential applications.

Published
2021
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3. International Actions to Reduce Miscellaneous Electrical Loads Energy Consumption

Author

Butzbaugh, J, Meier, A, and Kini, R

Abstract

Miscellaneous electric loads (MELs) research dates back over 30 years, with the earliest publications about MELs originating in the late 1980s. As the number and types of MELs have grown during the intervening decades, so has the body of minimum energy performance standards (MEPS) and regulations put in place to control what is now a significant energy end use in the residential and commercial sectors. In particular, these MEPS are designed to control off-mode, standby, and connected standby power consumption to prevent energy waste. Research on MELs focuses a great deal on analyzing the characteristics of MELs, approaches for measuring their consumption, and at a higher level what constitutes a MEL. Despite these advances, there have been few comparisons of different approaches to curtail MELs energy consumption across regulatory bodies of MELs - both between and within countries - to identify similarities, gaps, and opportunities for crafting common language and standards. This study provides an analysis of international MELs-related voluntary and mandatory MEPSs across 12 economies to address this gap. The analysis demonstrates that although economies may share the commitment to regulate the energy consumption of MELs, there still is no common language for framing MELs, nor is there a shared understanding for harmonizing MEPS for MELs.

Published
2022

9. Illustrated State-of-the-Art Capsules of the ISTH 2023 Congress

Author

Kahn, Susan R., Arnold, Donald M., Casari, Caterina, Desch, Karl C., Devreese, Katrien M.J., Favaloro, Emmanuel J., Gaertner, Florian, Gouw, Samantha C., Gresele, Paolo, Griffioen, Arjan W., Heger, Lukas, Kini, R. Manjunatha, Kohli, Shrey, Leader, Avi, Lisman, Ton, Lordkipanidzé, Marie, Mullins, Eric, Okoye, Helen Chioma, Rosovsky, Rachel P., Salles-Crawley, Isabelle I., Selby, Rita, Sholzberg, Michelle, Stegner, David, Violi, Francesco, Weyand, Angela C., Williams, Suzan, and Zheng, Ze

Published
2023
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11. Excess speicific heat of the gapped sliding phonons in the incommensurate composite crystal Sr$_{14}$Cu$_{24}$O$_{41}$

Author

Bag, Rabindranath, Hazra, Soumitra, Kini, R. N., and Singh, Surjeet

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

We show that low temperature specific heat (C$_p$) of the incommensurate chain-ladder system Sr$_{14}$Cu$_{24}$O$_{41}$ is enriched by the presence of a rather large excess contribution of non-magnetic origin. Diluted Al doping at the Cu site or annealing the crystal in an O$_2$ atmosphere suppresses this feature considerably. Using the THz time-domain spectroscopy, we show that the occurrence of excess specific heat is associated with the presence of very low-energy ($\sim$ 1 meV) gapped phonon modes that originate due to the sliding motion of oppositely charged mutually incommensurate chain and ladder layers., Comment: 5pages, 4figures

Published
2018
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12. Temperature-dependent ultrafast hot carrier dynamics in the dilute bismide alloy GaSb1−xBix (x ≾ 0.4%).

Author

Sharma, Akant Sagar, Sreerag, S. J., and Kini, R. N.

Subjects
HOT carriers, DILUTE alloys, SOLAR cells, HIGH temperatures
Abstract

We report temperature-dependent hot carrier dynamics in liquid-phase epitaxy-grown GaSb1−xBix epilayers with dilute amounts of Bi (x ≾ 0.4%). Degenerate pump–probe (λ = 800 nm) transient reflectivity (PPTR) was used to investigate the carrier dynamics in the epilayers. The PPTR signal consists of two transient processes (fast and slow) at all temperatures for all epilayers. The fast, hot carrier relaxation time, which is attributed to the combined effect of intervalley scattering and thermalization of carriers below cryogenic temperatures (<100 K), is observed to increase with an increase in temperature (≈0.8–2 ps at 6.6 K and ≈4–5 ps at 300 K). However, at higher temperatures (>100 K), the interband CHSH-Auger recombination process affects the band-to-band recombination, leading to an increase in the slower decay time. The findings offer crucial insights for optimizing GaSbBi for hot carrier solar cell applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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14. Innovative Self‐Assembly of 15‐Mer Chimeric α‐Peptide–Oligourea Foldamers toward Cl−‐Selective Ion Channels.

Author

Dutta, Chiranjit, Krishnamurthy, Pannaga, Su, Dandan, Li, Jianwei, Yoo, Sung Hyun, Collie, Gavin W., Pasco, Morgane, Fan, Jingsong, Luo, Min, Barboiu, Mihail, Guichard, Gilles, Kini, R. Manjunatha, and Kumar, Prakash

Subjects
BILAYER lipid membranes, MEMBRANE lipids, PEPTIDES, TRANSMISSION electron microscopy, ION channels
Abstract

Constructing artificial ion channels is a challenging task. Herein, the de novo design of transmembrane ion channels made up of amphiphilic peptide–oligourea chimeric helices is described. They consist of an oligourea segment (7‐mer) attached to the C‐terminus of a short peptide (8‐mer). Mass spectrometry (MS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses show that in an aqueous solution, two of these chimeras (HPU‐E and HPU‐N) independently form defined oligomeric structures. TEM also shows that they form fiber bundles. The third related chimera HPU‐F does not oligomerize (MS) but forms spherical nanostructures (TEM). HPU‐E and HPU‐N exhibit anion transport activity across lipid bilayers via antiport mechanism (HPU‐N > HPU‐E). The anion selectivity of HPU‐N is Cl−>NO3− > Br−>SCN− > I− > AcO−>F−, which can be due to anion binding within the channels rather than size exclusion. Patch‐clamp data support HPU‐N's Cl− selectivity (PCl−/PI− = 3.26). X‐ray crystal structure (1.77 Å) of HPU‐N reveals well‐packed α‐helices, and cryo‐electron microscopy data shows the formation of nanotubes (13.7 Å diameter pores) and transmembrane channels. The study shows that α‐peptide–oligourea‐based de novo design can yield unique bioactive molecules with defined structures and functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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22. Efficacy and safety of next-generation tick transcriptome-derived direct thrombin inhibitors

Author

Koh, Cho Yeow, Shih, Norrapat, Yip, Christina Y. C., Li, Aaron Wei Liang, Chen, Weiming, Amran, Fathiah S., Leong, Esther Jia En, Iyer, Janaki Krishnamoorthy, Croft, Grace, Mazlan, Muhammad Ibrahim Bin, Chee, Yen-Lin, Yap, Eng-Soo, Monroe, Dougald M., Hoffman, Maureane, Becker, Richard C., de Kleijn, Dominique P. V., Verma, Vaishali, Gupta, Amita, Chaudhary, Vijay K., Richards, A. Mark, Kini, R. Manjunatha, and Chan, Mark Y.

Published
2021
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29. Dynamics of Photo-excited Spins in InSb Based Quantum Wells

Author

Nontapot, K., Kini, R. N., Spencer, B., Khodaparast, G. A., Goel, N., Chung, S. J., Mishima, T. D., and Santos, M. B.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

We report time resolved measurements of spin relaxation in doped and undoped InSb quantum wells using degenerate and two-color magneto-optical Kerr effect techniques. We observed that the photo-excited spin dynamics are strongly influenced by laser excitation fluence and the doping profile of the samples. In the low fluence regime, an oscillatory pattern was observed at low temperatures ($\leq$ 77 K) in the samples with an asymmetric doping profile which might be attributed to the quasi-collision-free spin relaxation regime. Our measurements also suggest the influence of the barrier materials (Al$_{x}$In$_{1-x}$Sb) on the spin relaxation in these material systems.

Published
2008

32. The Indian cobra reference genome and transcriptome enables comprehensive identification of venom toxins

Author

Suryamohan, Kushal, Krishnankutty, Sajesh P., Guillory, Joseph, Jevit, Matthew, Schröder, Markus S., Wu, Meng, Kuriakose, Boney, Mathew, Oommen K., Perumal, Rajadurai C., Koludarov, Ivan, Goldstein, Leonard D., Senger, Kate, Dixon, Mandumpala Davis, Velayutham, Dinesh, Vargas, Derek, Chaudhuri, Subhra, Muraleedharan, Megha, Goel, Ridhi, Chen, Ying-Jiun J., Ratan, Aakrosh, Liu, Peter, Faherty, Brendan, de la Rosa, Guillermo, Shibata, Hiroki, Baca, Miriam, Sagolla, Meredith, Ziai, James, Wright, Gus A., Vucic, Domagoj, Mohan, Sangeetha, Antony, Aju, Stinson, Jeremy, Kirkpatrick, Donald S., Hannoush, Rami N., Durinck, Steffen, Modrusan, Zora, Stawiski, Eric W., Wiley, Kristen, Raudsepp, Terje, Kini, R. Manjunatha, Zachariah, Arun, and Seshagiri, Somasekar

Published
2020
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33. The king cobra genome reveals dynamic gene evolution and adaptation in the snake venom system.

Author

Vonk, Freek, Casewell, Nicholas, Henkel, Christiaan, Heimberg, Alysha, Jansen, Hans, McCleary, Ryan, Kerkkamp, Harald, Vos, Rutger, Guerreiro, Isabel, Calvete, Juan, Wüster, Wolfgang, Woods, Anthony, Logan, Jessica, Harrison, Robert, Castoe, Todd, de Koning, A, Pollock, David, Yandell, Mark, Calderon, Diego, Renjifo, Camila, Currier, Rachel, Salgado, David, Pla, Davinia, Sanz, Libia, Hyder, Asad, Ribeiro, José, Arntzen, Jan, van den Thillart, Guido, Boetzer, Marten, Pirovano, Walter, Dirks, Ron, Spaink, Herman, Duboule, Denis, McGlinn, Edwina, Kini, R, and Richardson, Michael

Subjects
genomics, phylogenetics, serpentes, Adaptation, Biological, Animals, Elapid Venoms, Elapidae, Evolution, Molecular, Exocrine Glands, Genome, MicroRNAs, Transcriptome
Abstract

Snakes are limbless predators, and many species use venom to help overpower relatively large, agile prey. Snake venoms are complex protein mixtures encoded by several multilocus gene families that function synergistically to cause incapacitation. To examine venom evolution, we sequenced and interrogated the genome of a venomous snake, the king cobra (Ophiophagus hannah), and compared it, together with our unique transcriptome, microRNA, and proteome datasets from this species, with data from other vertebrates. In contrast to the platypus, the only other venomous vertebrate with a sequenced genome, we find that snake toxin genes evolve through several distinct co-option mechanisms and exhibit surprisingly variable levels of gene duplication and directional selection that correlate with their functional importance in prey capture. The enigmatic accessory venom gland shows a very different pattern of toxin gene expression from the main venom gland and seems to have recruited toxin-like lectin genes repeatedly for new nontoxic functions. In addition, tissue-specific microRNA analyses suggested the co-option of core genetic regulatory components of the venom secretory system from a pancreatic origin. Although the king cobra is limbless, we recovered coding sequences for all Hox genes involved in amniote limb development, with the exception of Hoxd12. Our results provide a unique view of the origin and evolution of snake venom and reveal multiple genome-level adaptive responses to natural selection in this complex biological weapon system. More generally, they provide insight into mechanisms of protein evolution under strong selection.

Published
2013

46. Introduction

Author

Clemetson, Kenneth J., Kini, R. Manjunatha, Kini, R. Manjunatha, editor, Clemetson, Kenneth J, editor, Markland, Francis S., editor, McLane, Mary Ann, editor, and Morita, Takashi, editor

Published
2010
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48. The anti-immune dengue subgenomic flaviviral RNA is present in vesicles in mosquito saliva and is associated with increased infectivity

Author

Yeh, Shih-Chia, primary, Strilets, Tania, additional, Tan, Wei-Lian, additional, Castillo, David, additional, Medkour, Hacène, additional, Rey-Cadilhac, Félix, additional, Serrato-Pomar, Idalba M., additional, Rachenne, Florian, additional, Chowdhury, Avisha, additional, Chuo, Vanessa, additional, Azar, Sasha R., additional, Singh, Moirangthem Kiran, additional, Hamel, Rodolphe, additional, Missé, Dorothée, additional, Kini, R. Manjunatha, additional, Kenney, Linda J., additional, Vasilakis, Nikos, additional, Marti-Renom, Marc A., additional, Nir, Guy, additional, Pompon, Julien, additional, and Garcia-Blanco, Mariano A., additional

Published
2023
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