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7. Somatic mutations of CADM1 in aldosterone-producing adenomas and gap junction-dependent regulation of aldosterone production

Author

Wu, Xilin, Azizan, Elena A. B., Goodchild, Emily, Garg, Sumedha, Hagiyama, Man, Cabrera, Claudia P., Fernandes-Rosa, Fabio L., Boulkroun, Sheerazed, Kuan, Jyn Ling, Tiang, Zenia, David, Alessia, Murakami, Masanori, Mein, Charles A., Wozniak, Eva, Zhao, Wanfeng, Marker, Alison, Buss, Folma, Saleeb, Rebecca S., Salsbury, Jackie, Tezuka, Yuta, Satoh, Fumitoshi, Oki, Kenji, Udager, Aaron M., Cohen, Debbie L., Wachtel, Heather, King, Peter J., Drake, William M., Gurnell, Mark, Ceral, Jiri, Ryska, Ales, Mustangin, Muaatamarulain, Wong, Yin Ping, Tan, Geok Chin, Solar, Miroslav, Reincke, Martin, Rainey, William E., Foo, Roger S., Takaoka, Yutaka, Murray, Sandra A., Zennaro, Maria-Christina, Beuschlein, Felix, Ito, Akihiko, and Brown, Morris J.

Published
2023
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8. Point absorbers in Advanced LIGO

Author

Brooks, Aidan F., Vajente, Gabriele, Yamamoto, Hiro, Abbott, Rich, Adams, Carl, Adhikari, Rana X., Ananyeva, Alena, Appert, Stephen, Arai, Koji, Areeda, Joseph S., Asali, Yasmeen, Aston, Stuart M., Austin, Corey, Baer, Anne M., Ball, Matthew, Ballmer, Stefan W., Banagiri, Sharan, Barker, David, Barsotti, Lisa, Bartlett, Jeffrey, Berger, Beverly K., Betzwieser, Joseph, Bhattacharjee, Dripta, Billingsley, Garilynn, Biscans, Sebastien, Blair, Carl D., Blair, Ryan M., Bode, Nina, Booker, Phillip, Bork, Rolf, Bramley, Alyssa, Brown, Daniel D., Buikema, Aaron, Cahillane, Craig, Cannon, Kipp C., Cao, Huy Tuong, Chen, Xu, Ciobanu, Alexei A., Clara, Filiberto, Compton, Camilla, Cooper, Sam J., Corley, Kenneth R., Countryman, Stefan T., Covas, Pep B., Coyne, Dennis C., Datrier, Laurence E., Davis, Derek, Difronzo, Chiara D., Dooley, Katherine L., Driggers, Jenne C., Dupej, Peter, Dwyer, Sheila E., Effler, Anamaria, Etzel, Todd, Evans, Matthew, Evans, Tom M., Feicht, Jon, Fernandez-Galiana, Alvaro, Fritschel, Peter, Frolov, Valery V., Fulda, Paul, Fyffe, Michael, Giaime, Joe A., Giardina, Dwayne D., Godwin, Patrick, Goetz, Evan, Gras, Slawomir, Gray, Corey, Gray, Rachel, Green, Anna C., Gupta, Anchal, Gustafson, Eric K., Gustafson, Dick, Hall, Evan, Hanks, Jonathan, Hanson, Joe, Hardwick, Terra, Hasskew, Raine K., Heintze, Matthew C., Helmling-Cornell, Adrian F., Holland, Nathan A., Jones, Jeff D., Kandhasamy, Shivaraj, Karki, Sudarshan, Kasprzack, Marie, Kawabe, Keita, Kijbunchoo, Nutsinee, King, Peter J., Kissel, Jeffrey S., Kumar, Rahul, Landry, Michael, Lane, Benjamin B., Lantz, Brian, Laxen, Michael, Lecoeuche, Yannick K., Leviton, Jessica, Jian, Liu, Lormand, Marc, Lundgren, Andrew P., Macas, Ronaldas, Macinnis, Myron, Macleod, Duncan M., Mansell, Georgia L., Marka, Szabolcs, Marka, Zsuzsanna, Martynov, Denis V., Mason, Ken, Massinger, Thomas J., Matichard, Fabrice, Mavalvala, Nergis, McCarthy, Richard, McClelland, David E., McCormick, Scott, McCuller, Lee, McIver, Jessica, McRae, Terry, Mendell, Gregory, Merfeld, Kara, Merilh, Edmond L., Meylahn, Fabian, Mistry, Timesh, Mittleman, Richard, Moreno, Gerardo, Mow-Lowry, Conor M., Mozzon, Simone, Mullavey, Adam, Nelson, Timothy J., Nguyen, Philippe, Nuttall, Laura K., Oberling, Jason, Oram, Richard J., Osthelder, Charles, Ottaway, David J., Overmier, Harry, Palamos, Jordan R., Parker, William, Payne, Ethan, Pele, Arnaud, Penhorwood, Reilly, Perez, Carlos J., Pirello, Marc, Radkins, Hugh, Ramirez, Karla E., Richardson, Jonathan W., Riles, Keith, Robertson, Norna A., Rollins, Jameson G., Romel, Chandra L., Romie, Janeen H., Ross, Michael P., Ryan, Kyle, Sadecki, Travis, Sanchez, Eduardo J., Sanchez, Luis E., Tiruppatturrajamanikkam, Saravanan R., Savage, Richard L., Schaetzl, Dean, Schnabel, Roman, Schofield, Robert M., Schwartz, Eyal, Sellers, Danny, Shaffer, Thomas, Sigg, Daniel, Slagmolen, Bram J., Smith, Joshua R., Soni, Siddharth, Sorazu, Borja, Spencer, Andrew P., Strain, Ken A., Sun, Ling, Szczepanczyk, Marek J., Thomas, Michael, Thomas, Patrick, Thorne, Keith A., Toland, Karl, Torrie, Calum I., Traylor, Gary, Tse, Maggie, Urban, Alexander L., Valdes, Guillermo, Vander-Hyde, Daniel C., Veitch, Peter J., Venkateswara, Krishna, Venugopalan, Gautam, Viets, Aaron D., Vo, Thomas, Vorvick, Cheryl, Wade, Madeline, Ward, Robert L., Warner, Jim, Weaver, Betsy, Weiss, Rainer, Whittle, Chris, Willke, Benno, Wipf, Christopher C., Xiao, Liting, Yu, Hang, Yu, Haocun, Zhang, Liyuan, Zucker, Michael E., and Zweizig, John

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Small, highly absorbing points are randomly present on the surfaces of the main interferometer optics in Advanced LIGO. The resulting nano-meter scale thermo-elastic deformations and substrate lenses from these micron-scale absorbers significantly reduces the sensitivity of the interferometer directly though a reduction in the power-recycling gain and indirect interactions with the feedback control system. We review the expected surface deformation from point absorbers and provide a pedagogical description of the impact on power build-up in second generation gravitational wave detectors (dual-recycled Fabry-Perot Michelson interferometers). This analysis predicts that the power-dependent reduction in interferometer performance will significantly degrade maximum stored power by up to 50% and hence, limit GW sensitivity, but suggests system wide corrections that can be implemented in current and future GW detectors. This is particularly pressing given that future GW detectors call for an order of magnitude more stored power than currently used in Advanced LIGO in Observing Run 3. We briefly review strategies to mitigate the effects of point absorbers in current and future GW wave detectors to maximize the success of these enterprises., Comment: 49 pages, 16 figures. -V2: typographical errors in equations B9 and B10 were corrected (stray exponent of "h" was removed). Caption of Figure 9 was corrected to indicate that 40mW was used for absorption in the model, not 10mW as incorrectly indicated in V1

Published
2021
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10. N-SREBP2 Provides a Mechanism for Dynamic Control of Cellular Cholesterol Homeostasis.

Author

Ozkan-Nikitaras, Tozen, Grzesik, Dominika J., Romano, Lisa E. L., Chapple, J. P., King, Peter J., and Shoulders, Carol C.

Subjects
STEROL regulatory element-binding proteins, CELLULAR control mechanisms, BLOOD cholesterol, LIVER cells, CELLULAR signal transduction
Abstract

Cholesterol is required to maintain the functional integrity of cellular membrane systems and signalling pathways, but its supply must be closely and dynamically regulated because excess cholesterol is toxic. Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP2) and the ER-resident protein HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) are key regulators of cholesterol biosynthesis. Here, we assessed the mechanistic aspects of their regulation in hepatic cells. Unexpectedly, we found that the transcriptionally active fragment of SREBP2 (N-SREBP2) was produced constitutively. Moreover, in the absence of an exogenous cholesterol supply, nuclear N-SREBP2 became resistant to proteasome-mediated degradation. This resistance was paired with increased occupancy at the HMGCR promoter and HMGCR expression. Inhibiting nuclear N-SREBP2 degradation did not increase HMGCR RNA levels; this increase required cholesterol depletion. Our findings, combined with previous physiological and biophysical investigations, suggest a new model of SREBP2-mediated regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis in the organ that handles large and rapid fluctuations in the dietary supply of this key lipid. Specifically, in the nucleus, cholesterol and the ubiquitin–proteasome system provide a short-loop system that modulates the rate of cholesterol biosynthesis via regulation of nuclear N-SREBP2 turnover and HMGCR expression. Our findings have important implications for maintaining cellular cholesterol homeostasis and lowering blood cholesterol via the SREBP2-HMGCR axis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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15. Abstract B021: Pan-RAS IMM-1-104 activity in humanized 3D tumor models is independent of specific amino acid substitution

Author

Kolitz, Sarah, primary, Nair, Praveen, additional, Johnson, Mai, additional, Funt, Jason, additional, King, Peter J., additional, Fowler, Kevin D., additional, Travesa, Anna, additional, Wang, Frank, additional, II, John Brothers, additional, Axel, Amy, additional, Barrett, Scott, additional, Zeskind, Benjamin J., additional, and Hall, Brett, additional

Published
2023
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16. Abstract 4265: Humanized 3D tumor models that are mutationally aligned with AACR GENIE patients predict IMM-1-104 activity in RAS-addicted tumors

Author

Nair, Praveen, primary, Kolitz, Sarah, additional, Funt, Jason, additional, King, Peter J., additional, Fowler, Kevin D., additional, Travesa, Anna, additional, Rose, Ian, additional, Brothers, John, additional, Axel, Amy, additional, Barrett, Scott, additional, Zeskind, Benjamin J., additional, and Hall, Brett M., additional

Published
2023
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17. AODV and SAODV under Attack: Performance Comparison

Author

Abdelshafy, Mohamed A., King, Peter J. B., Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Kobsa, Alfred, editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Doug, editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, Guo, Song, editor, Lloret, Jaime, editor, Manzoni, Pietro, editor, and Ruehrup, Stefan, editor

Published
2014
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31. Co-Occurrence of Domestic Dogs and Gastropod Molluscs in Public Dog-Walking Spaces and Implications for Infection with Angiostrongylus vasorum: A Preliminary Study:A preliminary study

Author

Tolhurst, Bryony A., Overall, Andrew D. J., King, Peter J., Morgan, Eric R., and Baker, Rowenna J.

Subjects
Canis lupus familiaris, spatiotemporal overlap, intermediate host, habitat, domestic dog, veterinary(all), urban ecology, slug, Angiostronglyus vasorum, snail, co-occurrence, Animal Science and Zoology, gastropod mollusc
Abstract

Angiostrongylusvasorum is a helminth parasite of domestic dogs that is increasing in range and prevalence. Its lifecycle requires terrestrial gastropod mollusc (“gastropod”) intermediate hosts, but research is lacking regarding contact risk in situ. We studied co-occurrence between dogs and gastropods in dog-walking spaces in an A. vasorum hotspot in southern England, United Kingdom, with the aim of quantifying environmental and spatio-temporal overlap. We surveyed 390 quadrats and 180 point-counts along 3 km transects at seven sites, yielding 1672 gastropod and 763 dog observations. Common gastropods comprised Arion, Cornu, Monacha, Deroceras, Tandonia, Cochlicella, and Trochulus species. Habitat was the most important factor structuring both gastropod and dog presence and abundance. Likelihood ratio comparisons from conditional probability trees revealed that dogs were 15× more likely to be present on hardstanding surfaces than other habitats but were also present on natural and amenity grassland. Presence of gastropod species associated with high A. vasorum prevalence was 65.12× more likely in woodland/scrub and 62.17× more likely in amenity grassland than other habitats. For gastropods overall, high abundance was 5.82× more likely in woodland/scrub and natural grassland. The findings suggest co-occurrence is highest in amenity and natural grassland, but infection risk is greatest in amenity grassland and woodland/scrub.

Published
2021

39. MCM4 mutation causes adrenal failure, short stature, and natural killer cell deficiency in humans

Author

Hughes, Claire R., Guasti, Leonardo, Meimaridou, Eirini, Chuang, Chen-Hua, Schimenti, John C., King, Peter J., Costigan, Colm, Clark, Adrian J.L., and Metherell, Louise A.

Subjects
Gene mutations -- Identification and classification, Leukocyte disorders -- Risk factors -- Genetic aspects, Adrenal gland diseases -- Genetic aspects -- Risk factors, Stature, Short -- Genetic aspects, Health care industry
Abstract

An interesting variant of familial glucocorticoid deficiency (FGD), an autosomal recessive form of adrenal failure, exists in a genetically isolated Irish population. In addition to hypocortisolemia, affected children show signs of growth failure, increased chromosomal breakage, and NK cell deficiency. Targeted exome sequencing in 8 patients identified a variant (c.71-1insG) in minichromosome maintenance-deficient 4 (MCM4) that was predicted to result in a severely truncated protein (p.Pro24ArgfsX4). Western blotting of patient samples revealed that the major 96-kDa isoform present in unaffected human controls was absent, while the presence of the minor 85-kDa isoform was preserved. Interestingly, histological studies with Mcm4-depleted mice showed grossly abnormal adrenal morphology that was characterized by non-steroidogenic GATA4- and Gli1-positive cells within the steroidogenic cortex, which reduced the number of steroidogenic cells in the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex. Since MCM4 is one part of a MCM2-7 complex recently confirmed as the replicative helicase essential for normal DNA replication and genome stability in all eukaryotes, it is possible that our patients may have an increased risk of neoplastic change. In summary, we have identified what we believe to be the first human mutation in MCM4 and have shown that it is associated with adrenal insufficiency, short stature, and NK cell deficiency., Introduction Familial glucocorticoid deficiency (FGD) is an autosomal recessive form of adrenal failure characterized by adrenocorticotropic hormone-resistant (ACTH-resistant) isolated glucocorticoid deficiency (1, 2). This disease is relatively common in the [...]

Published
2012
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40. Somatic mutations of CADM1in aldosterone-producing adenomas and gap junction-dependent regulation of aldosterone production

Author

Wu, Xilin, Azizan, Elena A. B., Goodchild, Emily, Garg, Sumedha, Hagiyama, Man, Cabrera, Claudia P., Fernandes-Rosa, Fabio L., Boulkroun, Sheerazed, Kuan, Jyn Ling, Tiang, Zenia, David, Alessia, Murakami, Masanori, Mein, Charles A., Wozniak, Eva, Zhao, Wanfeng, Marker, Alison, Buss, Folma, Saleeb, Rebecca S., Salsbury, Jackie, Tezuka, Yuta, Satoh, Fumitoshi, Oki, Kenji, Udager, Aaron M., Cohen, Debbie L., Wachtel, Heather, King, Peter J., Drake, William M., Gurnell, Mark, Ceral, Jiri, Ryska, Ales, Mustangin, Muaatamarulain, Wong, Yin Ping, Tan, Geok Chin, Solar, Miroslav, Reincke, Martin, Rainey, William E., Foo, Roger S., Takaoka, Yutaka, Murray, Sandra A., Zennaro, Maria-Christina, Beuschlein, Felix, Ito, Akihiko, and Brown, Morris J.

Abstract

Aldosterone-producing adenomas (APAs) are the commonest curable cause of hypertension. Most have gain-of-function somatic mutations of ion channels or transporters. Herein we report the discovery, replication and phenotype of mutations in the neuronal cell adhesion gene CADM1. Independent whole exome sequencing of 40 and 81 APAs found intramembranous p.Val380Asp or p.Gly379Asp variants in two patients whose hypertension and periodic primary aldosteronism were cured by adrenalectomy. Replication identified two more APAs with each variant (total, n= 6). The most upregulated gene (10- to 25-fold) in human adrenocortical H295R cells transduced with the mutations (compared to wildtype) was CYP11B2(aldosterone synthase), and biological rhythms were the most differentially expressed process. CADM1knockdown or mutation inhibited gap junction (GJ)-permeable dye transfer. GJ blockade by Gap27 increased CYP11B2similarly to CADM1mutation. Human adrenal zona glomerulosa (ZG) expression of GJA1 (the main GJ protein) was patchy, and annular GJs (sequelae of GJ communication) were less prominent in CYP11B2-positive micronodules than adjacent ZG. Somatic mutations of CADM1cause reversible hypertension and reveal a role for GJ communication in suppressing physiological aldosterone production.

Published
2023
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41. Point absorbers in Advanced LIGO

Author

Brooks, Aidan F., primary, Vajente, Gabriele, additional, Yamamoto, Hiro, additional, Abbott, Rich, additional, Adams, Carl, additional, Adhikari, Rana X., additional, Ananyeva, Alena, additional, Appert, Stephen, additional, Arai, Koji, additional, Areeda, Joseph S., additional, Asali, Yasmeen, additional, Aston, Stuart M., additional, Austin, Corey, additional, Baer, Anne M., additional, Ball, Matthew, additional, Ballmer, Stefan W., additional, Banagiri, Sharan, additional, Barker, David, additional, Barsotti, Lisa, additional, Bartlett, Jeffrey, additional, Berger, Beverly K., additional, Betzwieser, Joseph, additional, Bhattacharjee, Dripta, additional, Billingsley, Garilynn, additional, Biscans, Sebastien, additional, Blair, Carl D., additional, Blair, Ryan M., additional, Bode, Nina, additional, Booker, Phillip, additional, Bork, Rolf, additional, Bramley, Alyssa, additional, Brown, Daniel D., additional, Buikema, Aaron, additional, Cahillane, Craig, additional, Cannon, Kipp C., additional, Cao, Huy Tuong, additional, Chen, Xu, additional, Ciobanu, Alexei A., additional, Clara, Filiberto, additional, Compton, Camilla, additional, Cooper, Sam J., additional, Corley, Kenneth R., additional, Countryman, Stefan T., additional, Covas, Pep B., additional, Coyne, Dennis C., additional, Datrier, Laurence E., additional, Davis, Derek, additional, Difronzo, Chiara D., additional, Dooley, Katherine L., additional, Driggers, Jenne C., additional, Dupej, Peter, additional, Dwyer, Sheila E., additional, Effler, Anamaria, additional, Etzel, Todd, additional, Evans, Matthew, additional, Evans, Tom M., additional, Feicht, Jon, additional, Fernandez-Galiana, Alvaro, additional, Fritschel, Peter, additional, Frolov, Valery V., additional, Fulda, Paul, additional, Fyffe, Michael, additional, Giaime, Joe A., additional, Giardina, Dwayne D., additional, Godwin, Patrick, additional, Goetz, Evan, additional, Gras, Slawomir, additional, Gray, Corey, additional, Gray, Rachel, additional, Green, Anna C., additional, Gupta, Anchal, additional, Gustafson, Eric K., additional, Gustafson, Dick, additional, Hall, Evan, additional, Hanks, Jonathan, additional, Hanson, Joe, additional, Hardwick, Terra, additional, Hasskew, Raine K., additional, Heintze, Matthew C., additional, Helmling-Cornell, Adrian F., additional, Holland, Nathan A., additional, Izmui, Kiamu, additional, Jia, Wenxuan, additional, Jones, Jeff D., additional, Kandhasamy, Shivaraj, additional, Karki, Sudarshan, additional, Kasprzack, Marie, additional, Kawabe, Keita, additional, Kijbunchoo, Nutsinee, additional, King, Peter J., additional, Kissel, Jeffrey S., additional, Kumar, Rahul, additional, Landry, Michael, additional, Lane, Benjamin B., additional, Lantz, Brian, additional, Laxen, Michael, additional, Lecoeuche, Yannick K., additional, Leviton, Jessica, additional, Jian, Liu, additional, Lormand, Marc, additional, Lundgren, Andrew P., additional, Macas, Ronaldas, additional, Macinnis, Myron, additional, Macleod, Duncan M., additional, Mansell, Georgia L., additional, Marka, Szabolcs, additional, Marka, Zsuzsanna, additional, Martynov, Denis V., additional, Mason, Ken, additional, Massinger, Thomas J., additional, Matichard, Fabrice, additional, Mavalvala, Nergis, additional, McCarthy, Richard, additional, McClelland, David E., additional, McCormick, Scott, additional, McCuller, Lee, additional, McIver, Jessica, additional, McRae, Terry, additional, Mendell, Gregory, additional, Merfeld, Kara, additional, Merilh, Edmond L., additional, Meylahn, Fabian, additional, Mistry, Timesh, additional, Mittleman, Richard, additional, Moreno, Gerardo, additional, Mow-Lowry, Conor M., additional, Mozzon, Simone, additional, Mullavey, Adam, additional, Nelson, Timothy J., additional, Nguyen, Philippe, additional, Nuttall, Laura K., additional, Oberling, Jason, additional, Oram, Richard J., additional, Osthelder, Charles, additional, Ottaway, David J., additional, Overmier, Harry, additional, Palamos, Jordan R., additional, Parker, William, additional, Payne, Ethan, additional, Pele, Arnaud, additional, Penhorwood, Reilly, additional, Perez, Carlos J., additional, Pirello, Marc, additional, Radkins, Hugh, additional, Ramirez, Karla E., additional, Richardson, Jonathan W., additional, Riles, Keith, additional, Robertson, Norna A., additional, Rollins, Jameson G., additional, Romel, Chandra L., additional, Romie, Janeen H., additional, Ross, Michael P., additional, Ryan, Kyle, additional, Sadecki, Travis, additional, Sanchez, Eduardo J., additional, Sanchez, Luis E., additional, Tiruppatturrajamanikkam, Saravanan R., additional, Savage, Richard L., additional, Schaetzl, Dean, additional, Schnabel, Roman, additional, Schofield, Robert M., additional, Schwartz, Eyal, additional, Sellers, Danny, additional, Shaffer, Thomas, additional, Sigg, Daniel, additional, Slagmolen, Bram J., additional, Smith, Joshua R., additional, Soni, Siddharth, additional, Sorazu, Borja, additional, Spencer, Andrew P., additional, Strain, Ken A., additional, Sun, Ling, additional, Szczepanczyk, Marek J., additional, Thomas, Michael, additional, Thomas, Patrick, additional, Thorne, Keith A., additional, Toland, Karl, additional, Torrie, Calum I., additional, Traylor, Gary, additional, Tse, Maggie, additional, Urban, Alexander L., additional, Valdes, Guillermo, additional, Vander-Hyde, Daniel C., additional, Veitch, Peter J., additional, Venkateswara, Krishna, additional, Venugopalan, Gautam, additional, Viets, Aaron D., additional, Vo, Thomas, additional, Vorvick, Cheryl, additional, Wade, Madeline, additional, Ward, Robert L., additional, Warner, Jim, additional, Weaver, Betsy, additional, Weiss, Rainer, additional, Whittle, Chris, additional, Willke, Benno, additional, Wipf, Christopher C., additional, Xiao, Liting, additional, Yu, Hang, additional, Yu, Haocun, additional, Zhang, Liyuan, additional, Zucker, Michael E., additional, and Zweizig, John, additional

Published
2021
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43. High-extinction-ratio resonant cavity polarizer for quantum-optics measurements

Author

Saraf, Shailendhar, Byer, Robert L., and King, Peter J.

Subjects
Optical instruments -- Usage, Quantum optics -- Measurement, Astronomy, Physics
Abstract

The use of a high-finesse Fabry-Perot ring cavity with an odd number of reflections as a high-extinction-ratio resonant polarizer is shown. Experimental results from quantum-noise measurements using resonant cavities as spatial and spectral filters and precision polarizers are presented. OCIS codes: 130.3120, 260.5430, 140.3280, 270.2500.

Published
2007

46. Probing the vapor--liquid phase behaviors of near-critical and supercritical fluids using a shear mode piezoelectric sensor

Author

Oag, Robert M., King, Peter J., Mellor, Christopher J., George, Michael W., Ke, Jie, and Poliakoff, Martyn

Subjects
Chemistry, Analytic -- Methods, Vapor-liquid equilibrium -- Analysis, Piezoelectric devices -- Usage, Chemistry
Abstract

With the rapidly expanding industrial and research applications of near-critical and supercritical technology there is a pressing need for a simple and inexpensive sensor that may be used to determine the phase coexistence regions of fluid mixtures and to establish whether a fluid system is below, at, or above, a critical point. Mechanically vibrating AT-cut quartz plates may be used to determine the product of the fluid density and viscosity of a fluid in which it is immersed, through measurement of the impedance minimum of the electrical equivalent circuit or of the corresponding frequency. The density--viscosity product changes abruptly between fluid phases and rapidly along the isotherm corresponding to the critical temperature, enabling such a plate to act as a sensor of these fluid features. We consider the limitations and linearity of such a sensor and its behavior when a liquid--gas meniscus crosses its surface. We demonstrate for the first time the effective use of an AT-cut quartz sensor in mapping the phase behavior of fluids, using measurements made on carbon dioxide and ethane for calibration and then investigating an ethane--carbon dioxide mixture. The advantages of this experimental approach are that (i) piezoelectric sensors are available for operation up to 1000 [degrees]C and at extremely high pressures and (ii) the measurement of the density--viscosity product of supercritical fluids is inherently simpler than traditional techniques for determining phase behavior.

Published
2003

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