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476 results on '"King, Alistair"'

1. Spoki: Unveiling a New Wave of Scanners through a Reactive Network Telescope

Author

Hiesgen, Raphael, Nawrocki, Marcin, King, Alistair, Dainotti, Alberto, Schmidt, Thomas C., and Wählisch, Matthias

Subjects
Computer Science - Cryptography and Security, Computer Science - Networking and Internet Architecture
Abstract

Large-scale Internet scans are a common method to identify victims of a specific attack. Stateless scanning like in ZMap has been established as an efficient approach to probing at Internet scale. Stateless scans, however, need a second phase to perform the attack, which remains invisible to network telescopes that only capture the first incoming packet and is not observed as a related event by honeypots. In this work, we examine Internet-wide scan traffic through Spoki, a reactive network telescope operating in real-time that we design and implement. Spoki responds to asynchronous TCP SYN packets and engages in TCP handshakes initiated in the second phase of two-phase scans. Because it is extremely lightweight it scales to large prefixes where it has the unique opportunity to record the first data sequence submitted within the TCP handshake ACK. We analyze two-phase scanners during a three months period using globally deployed Spoki reactive telescopes as well as flow data sets from IXPs and ISPs. We find that a predominant fraction of TCP SYNs on the Internet has irregular characteristics. Our findings also provide a clear signature of today's scans as: (i) highly targeted, (ii) scanning activities notably vary between regional vantage points, and (iii) a significant share originates from malicious sources., Comment: Proc. of 31st USENIX Security Symposium, camera-ready

Published
2021

4. Chocolatine: Outage Detection for Internet Background Radiation

Author

Guillot, Andreas, Fontugne, Romain, Winter, Philipp, Merindol, Pascal, King, Alistair, Dainotti, Alberto, and Pelsser, Cristel

Subjects
Computer Science - Networking and Internet Architecture
Abstract

The Internet is a complex ecosystem composed of thousands of Autonomous Systems (ASs) operated by independent organizations; each AS having a very limited view outside its own network. These complexities and limitations impede network operators to finely pinpoint the causes of service degradation or disruption when the problem lies outside of their network. In this paper, we present Chocolatine, a solution to detect remote connectivity loss using Internet Background Radiation (IBR) through a simple and efficient method. IBR is unidirectional unsolicited Internet traffic, which is easily observed by monitoring unused address space. IBR features two remarkable properties: it is originated worldwide, across diverse ASs, and it is incessant. We show that the number of IP addresses observed from an AS or a geographical area follows a periodic pattern. Then, using Seasonal ARIMA to statistically model IBR data, we predict the number of IPs for the next time window. Significant deviations from these predictions indicate an outage. We evaluated Chocolatine using data from the UCSD Network Telescope, operated by CAIDA, with a set of documented outages. Our experiments show that the proposed methodology achieves a good trade-off between true-positive rate (90%) and false-positive rate (2%) and largely outperforms CAIDA's own IBR-based detection method. Furthermore, performing a comparison against other methods, i.e., with BGP monitoring and active probing, we observe that Chocolatine shares a large common set of outages with them in addition to many specific outages that would otherwise go undetected., Comment: TMA 2019

Published
2019

6. Greater Transplant-Free Survival in Patients Receiving Obeticholic Acid for Primary Biliary Cholangitis in a Clinical Trial Setting Compared to Real-World External Controls

Author

Sturgess, Richard, Healey, Christopher, Gunasekera, Anton, Kallis, Yiannis, Wright, Gavin, Mathialahan, Thiriloganathan, Evans, Richard, Gasem, Jaber, Ramanaden, David, Ward, Emma, Bhalme, Mahesh, Southern, Paul, Maggs, James, Yousif, Mohamed, Mells, George, Srivastava, Brijesh, Foxton, Matthew, Collins, Carole, Prasad, Yash, Porras-Perez, Francisco, Yapp, Tom, Patel, Minesh, Ede, Roland, Carte, Martyn, Koss, Konrad, Sattianayagam, Prayman, Grimley, Charles, Tidbury, Jude, Mansour, Dina, Beckley, Matilda, Hollywood, Coral, Ramag, John, Gordon, Harriet, Ridpath, Joanne, Grover, Bob, Abouda, George, Rees, Ian, Narain, Mark, Salam, Imroz, Banim, Paul, Das, Debasish, Matthews, Helen, Mohammed, Faiyaz, Jones, Rebecca, Sen, Sambit, Bird, George, Prince, Martin, Prasad, Geeta, Kitchen, Paul, Hutchinson, John, Gupta, Prakash, Jones, David, Shah, Amir, Saha, Subrata, Pollock, Katharine, Barclay, Stephen, McDonald, Natasha, Rushbrook, Simon, Przemioslo, Robert, Millar, Andrew, Mitchell, Steven, Davis, Andrew, Naqvi, Asifabbas, Lee, Tom, Ryder, Stephen, Collier, Jane, Cramp, Matthew, Aspinal, Richard, Booth, Jonathan, Williams, Earl, Hussaini, Hyder, Christie, John, Chaudhry, Tehreem, Thorburn, Douglas, Mann, Stephen, Ala, Aftab, Maltby, Julia, Corbett, Chris, Singhal, Saket, Hoeroldt, Barbara, Butterworth, Jeff, Douglas, Andrew, Sinha, Rohit, Panter, Simon, Shearman, Jeremy, Bray, Gary, Roberts, Michael, Forton, Daniel, Taylor, Nicola, Jafar, Wisam, Cowan, Matthew, Ch'ng, Chin Lye, Rahman, Mesbah, Wesley, Emma, Jain, Sanjiv, Mandal, Aditya, Wright, Mark, Trivedi, Palak, Gordon, Fiona, Unitt, Esther, Austin, Andrew, Palegwala, Altaf, Vemala, Vishwaraj, Higham, Andrew, Fraser, Jocelyn, Li, Andy, Ramakrishnan, Subramaniam, King, Alistair, Whalley, Simon, Gee, Ian, Keld, Richard, Fellows, Helen, Gotto, James, Millson, Charles, Murillo Perez, C. Fiorella, Fisher, Holly, Hiu, Shaun, Kareithi, Dorcas, Adekunle, Femi, Mayne, Tracy, Malecha, Elizabeth, Ness, Erik, van der Meer, Adriaan J., Lammers, Willem J., Trivedi, Palak J., Battezzati, Pier Maria, Nevens, Frederik, Kowdley, Kris V., Bruns, Tony, Cazzagon, Nora, Floreani, Annarosa, Mason, Andrew L., Parés, Albert, Londoño, Maria-Carlota, Invernizzi, Pietro, Carbone, Marco, Lleo, Ana, Mayo, Marlyn J., Dalekos, George N., Gatselis, Nikolaos K., Verhelst, Xavier, Gulamhusein, Aliya, Janssen, Harry L.A., Smith, Rachel, Flack, Steve, Mulcahy, Victoria, Trauner, Michael, Bowlus, Christopher L., Lindor, Keith D., Corpechot, Christophe, Hirschfield, Gideon M., Wason, James, and Hansen, Bettina E.

Published
2022
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7. ARTEMIS: Neutralizing BGP Hijacking within a Minute

Author

Sermpezis, Pavlos, Kotronis, Vasileios, Gigis, Petros, Dimitropoulos, Xenofontas, Cicalese, Danilo, King, Alistair, and Dainotti, Alberto

Subjects
Computer Science - Networking and Internet Architecture
Abstract

BGP prefix hijacking is a critical threat to Internet organizations and users. Despite the availability of several defense approaches (ranging from RPKI to popular third-party services), none of them solves the problem adequately in practice. In fact, they suffer from: (i) lack of detection comprehensiveness, allowing sophisticated attackers to evade detection, (ii) limited accuracy, especially in the case of third-party detection, (iii) delayed verification and mitigation of incidents, reaching up to days, and (iv) lack of privacy and of flexibility in post-hijack counteractions, on the side of network operators. In this work, we propose ARTEMIS (Automatic and Real-Time dEtection and MItigation System), a defense approach (a) based on accurate and fast detection operated by the AS itself, leveraging the pervasiveness of publicly available BGP monitoring services and their recent shift towards real-time streaming, thus (b) enabling flexible and fast mitigation of hijacking events. Compared to previous work, our approach combines characteristics desirable to network operators such as comprehensiveness, accuracy, speed, privacy, and flexibility. Finally, we show through real-world experiments that, with the ARTEMIS approach, prefix hijacking can be neutralized within a minute.

Published
2018

11. An international genome-wide meta-analysis of primary biliary cholangitis: Novel risk loci and candidate drugs

Author

Siminovitch, Katherine A., Hirschfield, Gideon M., Mason, Andrew, Vincent, Catherine, Xie, Gang, Zhang, Jinyi, Tang, Ruqi, Ma, Xiong, Li, Zhiqiang, Shi, Yongyong, Affronti, Andrea, Almasio, Piero L., Alvaro, Domenico, Andreone, Pietro, Andriulli, Angelo, Azzaroli, Francesco, Battezzati, Pier Maria, Benedetti, Antonio, Bragazzi, MariaConsiglia, Brunetto, Maurizia, Bruno, Savino, Calvaruso, Vincenza, Cardinale, Vincenzo, Casella, Giovanni, Cazzagon, Nora, Ciaccio, Antonio, Coco, Barbara, Colli, Agostino, Colloredo, Guido, Colombo, Massimo, Colombo, Silvia, Cristoferi, Laura, Cursaro, Carmela, Crocè, Lory Saveria, Crosignani, Andrea, D’Amato, Daphne, Donato, Francesca, Elia, Gianfranco, Fabris, Luca, Fagiuoli, Stefano, Ferrari, Carlo, Floreani, Annarosa, Galli, Andrea, Giannini, Edoardo, Grattagliano, Ignazio, Lampertico, Pietro, Lleo, Ana, Malinverno, Federica, Mancuso, Clara, Marra, Fabio, Marzioni, Marco, Massironi, Sara, Mattalia, Alberto, Miele, Luca, Milani, Chiara, Morini, Lorenzo, Morisco, Filomena, Muratori, Luigi, Muratori, Paolo, Niro, Grazia A., O’Donnell, Sarah, Picciotto, Antonio, Portincasa, Piero, Rigamonti, Cristina, Ronca, Vincenzo, Rosina, Floriano, Spinzi, Giancarlo, Strazzabosco, Mario, Tarocchi, Mirko, Tiribelli, Claudio, Toniutto, Pierluigi, Valenti, Luca, Vinci, Maria, Zuin, Massimo, Nakamura, Hitomi, Abiru, Seigo, Nagaoka, Shinya, Komori, Atsumasa, Yatsuhashi, Hiroshi, Ishibashi, Hiromi, Ito, Masahiro, Migita, Kiyoshi, Ohira, Hiromasa, Katsushima, Shinji, Naganuma, Atsushi, Sugi, Kazuhiro, Komatsu, Tatsuji, Mannami, Tomohiko, Matsushita, Kouki, Yoshizawa, Kaname, Makita, Fujio, Nikami, Toshiki, Nishimura, Hideo, Kouno, Hiroshi, Kouno, Hirotaka, Ota, Hajime, Komura, Takuya, Nakamura, Yoko, Shimada, Masaaki, Hirashima, Noboru, Komeda, Toshiki, Ario, Keisuke, Nakamuta, Makoto, Yamashita, Tsutomu, Furuta, Kiyoshi, Kikuchi, Masahiro, Naeshiro, Noriaki, Takahashi, Hironao, Mano, Yutaka, Tsunematsu, Seiji, Yabuuchi, Iwao, Shimada, Yusuke, Yamauchi, Kazuhiko, Sugimoto, Rie, Sakai, Hironori, Mita, Eiji, Koda, Masaharu, Tsuruta, Satoru, Kamitsukasa, Hiroshi, Sato, Takeaki, Masaki, Naohiko, Kobata, Tatsuro, Fukushima, Nobuyoshi, Ohara, Yukio, Muro, Toyokichi, Takesaki, Eiichi, Takaki, Hitoshi, Yamamoto, Tetsuo, Kato, Michio, Nagaoki, Yuko, Hayashi, Shigeki, Ishida, Jinya, Watanabe, Yukio, Kobayashi, Masakazu, Koga, Michiaki, Saoshiro, Takeo, Yagura, Michiyasu, Hirata, Keisuke, Tanaka, Atsushu, Takikawa, Hajime, Zeniya, Mikio, Abe, Masanori, Onji, Morikazu, Kaneko, Shuichi, Honda, Masao, Arai, Kuniaki, Arinaga-Hino, Teruko, Hashimoto, Etsuko, Taniai, Makiko, Umemura, Takeji, Joshita, Satoru, Nakao, Kazuhiko, Ichikawa, Tatsuki, Shibata, Hidetaka, Yamagiwa, Satoshi, Seike, Masataka, Honda, Koichi, Sakisaka, Shotaro, Takeyama, Yasuaki, Harada, Masaru, Senju, Michio, Yokosuka, Osamu, Kanda, Tatsuo, Ueno, Yoshiyuki, Kikuchi, Kentaro, Ebinuma, Hirotoshi, Himoto, Takashi, Yasunami, Michio, Murata, Kazumoto, Mizokami, Masashi, Kawata, Kazuhito, Shimoda, Shinji, Miyake, Yasuhiro, Takaki, Akinobu, Yamamoto, Kazuhide, Hirano, Katsuji, Ichida, Takafumi, Ido, Akio, Tsubouchi, Hirohito, Chayama, Kazuaki, Harada, Kenichi, Nakanuma, Yasuni, Maehara, Yoshihiko, Taketomi, Akinobu, Shirabe, Ken, Soejima, Yuji, Mori, Akira, Yagi, Shintaro, Uemoto, Shinji, H, Egawa, Tanaka, Tomohiro, Yamashiki, Noriyo, Tamura, Sumito, Sugawara, Yasuhiro, Kokudo, Norihiro, Juran, Brian D., Atkinson, Elizabeth J., Cheung, Angela, de Andrade, Mariza, Lazaridis, Konstantinos N., Chalasani, Naga, Luketic, Vel, Odin, Joseph, Chopra, Kapil, Baras, Aris, Horowitz, Julie, Abecasis, Goncalo, Cantor, Michael, Coppola, Giovanni, Economides, Aris, Lotta, Luca A., Overton, John D., Reid, Jeffrey G., Shuldiner, Alan, Beechert, Christina, Forsythe, Caitlin, Fuller, Erin D., Gu, Zhenhua, Lattari, Michael, Lopez, Alexander, Schleicher, Thomas D., Padilla, Maria Sotiropoulos, Toledo, Karina, Widom, Louis, Wolf, Sarah E., Pradhan, Manasi, Manoochehri, Kia, Ulloa, Ricardo H., Bai, Xiaodong, Balasubramanian, Suganthi, Barnard, Leland, Blumenfeld, Andrew, Eom, Gisu, Habegger, Lukas, Hawes, Alicia, Khalid, Shareef, Maxwell, Evan K., Salerno, William, Staples, Jeffrey C., Jones, Marcus B., Mitnaul, Lyndon J., Sturgess, Richard, Healey, Christopher, Yeoman, Andrew, Gunasekera, Anton VJ., Kooner, Paul, Kapur, Kapil, Sathyanarayana, V., Kallis, Yiannis, Subhani, Javaid, Harvey, Rory, McCorry, Roger, Rooney, Paul, Ramanaden, David, Evans, Richard, Mathialahan, Thiriloganathan, Gasem, Jaber, Shorrock, Christopher, Bhalme, Mahesh, Southern, Paul, Tibble, Jeremy A., Gorard, David A., Jones, Susan, Mells, George, Mulcahy, Victoria, Srivastava, Brijesh, Foxton, Matthew R., Collins, Carole E., Elphick, David, Karmo, Mazn, Porras-Perez, Francisco, Mendall, Michael, Yapp, Tom, Patel, Minesh, Ede, Roland, Sayer, Joanne, Jupp, James, Fisher, Neil, Carter, Martyn J., Koss, Konrad, Shah, Jayshri, Piotrowicz, Andrzej, Scott, Glyn, Grimley, Charles, Gooding, Ian R., Williams, Simon, Tidbury, Judith, Lim, Guan, Cheent, Kuldeep, Levi, Sass, Mansour, Dina, Beckley, Matilda, Hollywood, Coral, Wong, Terry, Marley, Richard, Ramage, John, Gordon, Harriet M., Ridpath, Jo, Ngatchu, Theodore, Bob Grover, Vijay Paul, Shidrawi, Ray G., Abouda, George, Corless, L., Narain, Mark, Rees, Ian, Brown, Ashley, Taylor-Robinson, Simon, Wilkins, Joy, Grellier, Leonie, Banim, Paul, Das, Debasish, Heneghan, Michael A., Curtis, Howard, Matthews, Helen C., Mohammed, Faiyaz, Aldersley, Mark, Srirajaskanthan, Raj, Walker, Giles, McNair, Alistair, Sharif, Amar, Sen, Sambit, Bird, George, Prince, Martin I., Prasad, Geeta, Kitchen, Paul, Barnardo, Adrian, Oza, Chirag, Sivaramakrishnan, Nurani N., Gupta, Prakash, Shah, Amir, Evans, Chris DJ., Saha, Subrata, Pollock, Katharine, Bramley, Peter, Mukhopadhya, Ashis, Barclay, Stephen T., McDonald, Natasha, Bathgate, Andrew J., Palmer, Kelvin, Dillon, John F., Rushbrook, Simon M., Przemioslo, Robert, McDonald, Chris, Millar, Andrew, Tai, Cheh, Mitchell, Stephen, Metcalf, Jane, Shaukat, Syed, Ninkovic, Mary, Shmueli, Udi, Davis, Andrew, Naqvi, Asifabbas, Lee, Tom JW., Ryder, Stephen, Collier, Jane, Klass, Howard, Cramp, Matthew E., Sharer, Nichols, Aspinall, Richard, Ghosh, Deb, Douds, Andrew C., Booth, Jonathan, Williams, Earl, Hussaini, Hyder, Christie, John, Mann, Steven, Thorburn, Douglas, Marshall, Aileen, Patanwala, Imran, Ala, Aftab, Maltby, Julia, Matthew, Ray, Corbett, Chris, Vyas, Sam, Singhal, Saket, Gleeson, Dermot, Misra, Sharat, Butterworth, Jeff, George, Keith, Harding, Tim, Douglass, Andrew, Mitchison, Harriet, Panter, Simon, Shearman, Jeremy, Bray, Gary, Roberts, Michael, Butcher, Graham, Forton, Daniel, Mahmood, Zahid, Cowan, Matthew, Das, Debashis, Ch’ng, Chin Lye, Rahman, Mesbah, Whatley, Gregory C.A., Wesley, Emma, Mandal, Aditya, Jain, Sanjiv, Pereira, Stephen P., Wright, Mark, Trivedi, Palak, Gordon, Fiona H., Unitt, Esther, Palejwala, Altaf, Austin, Andrew, Vemala, Vishwaraj, Grant, Allister, Higham, Andrew D., Brind, Alison, Mathew, Ray, Cox, Mark, Ramakrishnan, Subramaniam, King, Alistair, Whalley, Simon, Fraser, Jocelyn, Thomson, S.J., Bell, Andrew, Wong, Voi Shim, Kia, Richard, Gee, Ian, Keld, Richard, Ransford, Rupert, Gotto, James, Millson, Charles, Cordell, Heather J., Fryett, James J., Ueno, Kazuko, Darlay, Rebecca, Aiba, Yoshihiro, Hitomi, Yuki, Kawashima, Minae, Nishida, Nao, Khor, Seik-Soon, Gervais, Olivier, Kawai, Yosuke, Nagasaki, Masao, Tokunaga, Katsushi, Gerussi, Alessio, Carbone, Marco, Asselta, Rosanna, Ferreira, Manuel A.R., Sun, Dylan, Jones, David E., Flack, Steven, Spicer, Ann, Mulcahy, Victoria L., Byan, Jinyoung, Han, Younghun, Sandford, Richard N., Amos, Christopher I., Seldin, Michael F., Invernizzi, Pietro, Nakamura, Minoru, and Mells, George F.

Published
2021
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12. X Chromosome Contribution to the Genetic Architecture of Primary Biliary Cholangitis

Author

Walker, Erin, Xie, Gang, Mason, Andy, Myers, Robert, Peltekian, Kevork, Ghent, Cameron, Atkinson, Elizabeth, Juran, Bruce, Lazaridis, Kostas, Lu, Yue, Gu, Xiangjun, Jing, Kaiyan, Amos, Chris, Affronti, Andrea, Brunetto, Maurizia, Coco, Barbara, Spinzi, Giancarlo, Elia, Gianfranco, Ferrari, Carlo, Lleo, Ana, Muratori, Luigi, Muratori, Paolo, Portincasa, Piero, Colli, Agostino, Bruno, Savino, Colloredo, Guido, Azzaroli, Francesco, Andreone, Pietro, Bragazzi, MariaConsiglia, Alvaro, Domenico, Cardinale, Vincenzo, Cazzagon, Nora, Rigamonti, Cristina, Floreani, Annarosa, Rosina, Floriano, Ciaccio, Antonio, Cristoferi, Laura, D’Amato, Daphne, Malinverno, Federica, Mancuso, Clara, Massironi, Sara, Milani, Chiara, O’Donnell, Sarah E., Ronca, Vincenzo, Barisani, Donatella, Lampertico, Pietro, Donato, Francesca, Fagiuoli, Stefano, Almasio, Piero L., Giannini, Edoardo, Cursaro, Carmela, Colombo, Massimo, Valenti, Luca, Miele, Luca, Andriulli, Angelo, Niro, Grazia A., Grattagliano, Ignazio, Morini, Lorenzo, Casella, Giovanni, Vinci, Maria, Battezzati, Pier Maria, Crosignani, Andrea, Zuin, Massimo, Mattalia, Alberto, Calvaruso, Vincenza, Colombo, Silvia, Benedetti, Antonio, Marzioni, Marco, Galli, Andrea, Marra, Fabio, Tarocchi, Mirko, Picciotto, Antonio, Morisco, Filomena, Fabris, Luca, Crocè, Lory Saveria, Tiribelli, Claudio, Toniutto, Pierluigi, Strazzabosco, Mario, Ch’ng, Chin Lye, Rahman, Mesbah, Yapp, Tom, Sturgess, Richard, Healey, Christopher, Czajkowski, Marek, Gunasekera, Anton, Gyawali, Pranab, Premchand, Purushothaman, Kapur, Kapil, Marley, Richard, Foster, Graham, Watson, Alan, Dias, Aruna, Subhani, Javaid, Harvey, Rory, McCorry, Roger, Ramanaden, David, Gasem, Jaber, Evans, Richard, Mathialahan, Thiriloganathan, Shorrock, Christopher, Lipscomb, George, Southern, Paul, Tibble, Jeremy, Gorard, David, Palegwala, Altaf, Jones, Susan, Dawwas, Mohamed, Alexander, Graeme, Dolwani, Sunil, Prince, Martin, Foxton, Matthew, Elphick, David, Mitchison, Harriet, Gooding, Ian, Karmo, Mazn, Saksena, Sushma, Mendall, Mike, Patel, Minesh, Ede, Roland, Austin, Andrew, Sayer, Joanna, Hankey, Lorraine, Hovell, Christopher, Fisher, Neil, Carter, Martyn, Koss, Konrad, Piotrowicz, Andrzej, Grimley, Charles, Neal, David, Lim, Guan, Levi, Sass, Ala, Aftab, Broad, Andrea, Saeed, Athar, Wood, Gordon, Brown, Jonathan, Wilkinson, Mark, Gordon, Harriet, Ramage, John, Ridpath, Jo, Ngatchu, Theodore, Grover, Bob, Shaukat, Syed, Shidrawi, Ray, Abouda, George, Ali, Faiz, Rees, Ian, Salam, Imroz, Narain, Mark, Brown, Ashley, Taylor-Robinson, Simon, Williams, Simon, Grellier, Leonie, Banim, Paul, Das, Debasish, Chilton, Andrew, Heneghan, Michael, Curtis, Howard, Gess, Markus, Drake, Ian, Aldersley, Mark, Davies, Mervyn, Jones, Rebecca, McNair, Alastair, Srirajaskanthan, Raj, Pitcher, Maxton, Sen, Sambit, Bird, George, Barnardo, Adrian, Kitchen, Paul, Yoong, Kevin, Chirag, Oza, Sivaramakrishnan, Nurani, MacFaul, George, Jones, David, Shah, Amir, Evans, Chris, Saha, Subrata, Pollock, Katharine, Bramley, Peter, Mukhopadhya, Ashis, Fraser, Andrew, Mills, Peter, Shallcross, Christopher, Campbell, Stewart, Bathgate, Andrew, Shepherd, Alan, Dillon, John, Rushbrook, Simon, Przemioslo, Robert, Macdonald, Christopher, Metcalf, Jane, Shmueli, Udi, Davis, Andrew, Naqvi, Asifabbas, Lee, Tom, Ryder, Stephen D., Collier, Jane, Klass, Howard, Ninkovic, Mary, Cramp, Matthew, Sharer, Nicholas, Aspinall, Richard, Goggin, Patrick, Ghosh, Deb, Douds, Andrew, Hoeroldt, Barbara, Booth, Jonathan, Williams, Earl, Hussaini, Hyder, Stableforth, William, Ayres, Reuben, Thorburn, Douglas, Marshall, Eileen, Burroughs, Andrew, Mann, Steven, Lombard, Martin, Richardson, Paul, Patanwala, Imran, Maltby, Julia, Brookes, Matthew, Mathew, Ray, Vyas, Samir, Singhal, Saket, Gleeson, Dermot, Misra, Sharat, Butterworth, Jeff, George, Keith, Harding, Tim, Douglass, Andrew, Panter, Simon, Shearman, Jeremy, Bray, Gary, Butcher, Graham, Forton, Daniel, Mclindon, John, Cowan, Matthew, Whatley, Gregory, Mandal, Aditya, Gupta, Hemant, Sanghi, Pradeep, Jain, Sanjiv, Pereira, Steve, Prasad, Geeta, Watts, Gill, Wright, Mark, Neuberger, James, Gordon, Fiona, Unitt, Esther, Grant, Allister, Delahooke, Toby, Higham, Andrew, Brind, Alison, Cox, Mark, Ramakrishnan, Subramaniam, King, Alistair, Collins, Carole, Whalley, Simon, Li, Andy, Fraser, Jocelyn, Bell, Andrew, Wong, Voi Shim, Singhal, Amit, Gee, Ian, Ang, Yeng, Ransford, Rupert, Gotto, James, Millson, Charles, Bowles, Jane, Thomas, Caradog, Harrison, Melanie, Galaska, Roman, Kendall, Jennie, Whiteman, Jessica, Lawlor, Caroline, Gray, Catherine, Elliott, Keith, Mulvaney-Jones, Caroline, Hobson, Lucie, Van Duyvenvoorde, Greta, Loftus, Alison, Seward, Katie, Penn, Ruth, Maiden, Jane, Damant, Rose, Hails, Janeane, Cloudsdale, Rebecca, Silvestre, Valeria, Glenn, Sue, Dungca, Eleanor, Wheatley, Natalie, Doyle, Helen, Kent, Melanie, Hamilton, Caroline, Braim, Delyth, Wooldridge, Helen, Abrahams, Rachel, Paton, Alison, Lancaster, Nicola, Gibbins, Andrew, Hogben, Karen, Desousa, Phillipa, Muscariu, Florin, Musselwhite, Janine, McKay, Alexandra, Tan, LaiTing, Foale, Carole, Brighton, Jacqueline, Flahive, Kerry, Nambela, Estelle, Townshend, Paula, Ford, Chris, Holder, Sophie, Palmer, Caroline, Featherstone, James, Nasseri, Mariam, Sadeghian, Joy, Williams, Bronwen, Thomas, Carol, Rolls, Sally-Ann, Hynes, Abigail, Duggan, Claire, Jones, Sarah, Crossey, Mary, Stansfield, Glynis, MacNicol, Carolyn, Wilkins, Joy, Wilhelmsen, Elva, Raymode, Parizade, Lee, Hye-Jeong, Durant, Emma, Bishop, Rebecca, Ncube, Noma, Tripoli, Sherill, Casey, Rebecca, Cowley, Caroline, Miller, Richard, Houghton, Kathryn, Ducker, Samantha, Wright, Fiona, Bird, Bridget, Baxter, Gwen, Keggans, Janie, Hughes, Maggie, Grieve, Emma, Young, Karin, Williams, D., Ocker, Kate, Hines, Frances, Martin, Kirsty, Innes, Caron, Valliani, Talal, Fairlamb, Helen, Thornthwaite, Sarah, Eastick, Anne, Tanqueray, Elizabeth, Morrison, Jennifer, Holbrook, Becky, Browning, Julie, Walker, Kirsten, Congreave, Susan, Verheyden, Juliette, Slininger, Susan, Stafford, Lizzie, O’Donnell, Denise, Ainsworth, Mark, Lord, Susan, Kent, Linda, March, Linda, Dickson, Christine, Simpson, Diane, Longhurst, Beverley, Hayes, Maria, Shpuza, Ervin, White, Nikki, Besley, Sarah, Pearson, Sallyanne, Wright, Alice, Jones, Linda, Gunter, Emma, Dewhurst, Hannah, Fouracres, Anna, Farrington, Liz, Graves, Lyn, Marriott, Suzie, Leoni, Marina, Tyrer, David, Martin, Kate, Dali-kemmery, Lola, Lambourne, Victoria, Green, Marie, Sirdefield, Dawn, Amor, Kelly, Colley, Julie, Shinder, Bal, Jones, Jayne, Mills, Marisa, Carnahan, Mandy, Taylor, Natalie, Boulton, Kerenza, Tregonning, Julie, Brown, Carly, Clifford, Gayle, Archer, Emily, Hamilton, Maria, Curtis, Janette, Shewan, Tracey, Walsh, Sue, Warner, Karen, Netherton, Kimberley, Mupudzi, Mcdonald, Gunson, Bridget, Gitahi, Jane, Gocher, Denise, Batham, Sally, Pateman, Hilary, Desmennu, Senayon, Conder, Jill, Clement, Darren, Gallagher, Susan, Orpe, Jacky, Chan, PuiChing, Currie, Lynn, O’Donohoe, Lynn, Oblak, Metod, Morgan, Lisa, Quinn, Marie, Amey, Isobel, Baird, Yolanda, Cotterill, Donna, Cumlat, Lourdes, Winter, Louise, Greer, Sandra, Spurdle, Katie, Allison, Joanna, Dyer, Simon, Sweeting, Helen, Kordula, Jean, Aiba, Yoshihiro, Nakamura, Hitomi, Abiru, Seigo, Nagaoka, Shinya, Komori, Atsumasa, Yatsuhashi, Hiroshi, Ishibashi, Hiromi, Ito, Masahiro, Kawai, Yosuke, Kohn, Seik-Soon, Gervais, Olivier, Migita, Kiyoshi, Katsushima, Shinji, Naganuma, Atsushi, Sugi, Kazuhiro, Komatsu, Tatsuji, Mannami, Tomohiko, Matsushita, Kouki, Yoshizawa, Kaname, Makita, Fujio, Nikami, Toshiki, Nishimura, Hideo, Kouno, Hiroshi, Kouno, Hirotaka, Ota, Hajime, Komura, Takuya, Nakamura, Yoko, Shimada, Masaaki, Hirashima, Noboru, Komeda, Toshiki, Ario, Keisuke, Nakamuta, Makoto, Yamashita, Tsutomu, Furuta, Kiyoshi, Kikuchi, Masahiro, Naeshiro, Noriaki, Takahashi, Hironao, Mano, Yutaka, Tsunematsu, Seiji, Yabuuchi, Iwao, Shimada, Yusuke, Yamauchi, Kazuhiko, Sugimoto, Rie, Sakai, Hironori, Mita, Eiji, Koda, Masaharu, Tsuruta, Satoru, Kamitsukasa, Hiroshi, Sato, Takeaki, Masaki, Naohiko, Kobata, Tatsuro, Fukushima, Nobuyoshi, Higuchi, Nobito, Ohara, Yukio, Muro, Toyokichi, Takesaki, Eiichi, Takaki, Hitoshi, Yamamoto, Tetsuo, Kato, Michio, Nagaoki, Yuko, Hayashi, Shigeki, Ishida, Jinya, Watanabe, Yukio, Kobayashi, Masakazu, Koga, Michiaki, Saoshiro, Takeo, Yagura, Michiyasu, Hirata, Keisuke, Takikawa, Hajime, Ohira, Hiromasa, Zeniya, Mikio, Abe, Masanori, Onji, Morikazu, Kaneko, Shuichi, Honda, Masao, Arai, Kuniaki, Arinaga-Hino, Teruko, Hashimoto, Etsuko, Taniai, Makiko, Umemura, Takeji, Joshita, Satoru, Nakao, Kazuhiko, Ichikawa, Tatsuki, Shibata, Hidetaka, Yamagiwa, Satoshi, Seike, Masataka, Honda, Koichi, Sakisaka, Shotaro, Takeyama, Yasuaki, Harada, Masaru, Senju, Michio, Yokosuka, Osamu, Kanda, Tatsuo, Ueno, Yoshiyuki, Kikuchi, Kentaro, Ebinuma, Hirotoshi, Himoto, Takashi, Yasunami, Michio, Murata, Kazumoto, Mizokami, Masashi, Shimoda, Shinji, Miyake, Yasuhiro, Takaki, Akinobu, Yamamoto, Kazuhide, Hirano, Katsuji, Ichida, Takafumi, Ido, Akio, Tsubouchi, Hirohito, Chayama, Kazuaki, Harada, Kenichi, Nakanuma, Yasuni, Maehara, Yoshihiko, Taketomi, Akinobu, Shirabe, Ken, Soejima, Yuji, Mori, Akira, Yagi, Shintaro, Uemoto, Shinji, Tanaka, Tomohiro, Yamashiki, Noriyo, Tamura, Sumito, Sugawara, Yasuhiro, Kokudo, Norihiro, Asselta, Rosanna, Paraboschi, Elvezia M., Gerussi, Alessio, Cordell, Heather J., Mells, George F., Sandford, Richard N., Jones, David E., Nakamura, Minoru, Ueno, Kazuko, Hitomi, Yuki, Kawashima, Minae, Nishida, Nao, Tokunaga, Katsushi, Nagasaki, Masao, Tanaka, Atsushi, Tang, Ruqi, Li, Zhiqiang, Shi, Yongyong, Liu, Xiangdong, Xiong, Ma, Hirschfield, Gideon, Siminovitch, Katherine A., Carbone, Marco, Cardamone, Giulia, Duga, Stefano, Gershwin, M. Eric, Seldin, Michael F., and Invernizzi, Pietro

Published
2021
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13. To Filter or Not to Filter: Measuring the Benefits of Registering in the RPKI Today

Author

Testart, Cecilia, Richter, Philipp, King, Alistair, Dainotti, Alberto, Clark, David, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Woeginger, Gerhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Sperotto, Anna, editor, Dainotti, Alberto, editor, and Stiller, Burkhard, editor

Published
2020
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17. Controlled surface acetylation of cellulosics to tune biodegradability while expanding their use towards common petrochemical-based plastics

Author

King, Alistair, primary, Paajanen, Antti, additional, Mahlamäki, Ella, additional, Mäkelä, Mikko, additional, Penttilä, Paavo, additional, Leino, Mari, additional, Spönla, Elisa, additional, Svanberg, Mariitta, additional, Koso, Tetyana, additional, Tanaka, Atsushi, additional, Liukkonen, Vuokko, additional, Solberg, Amalie, additional, Savolainen, Anniina, additional, Orelma, Hannes, additional, Korpela, Antti, additional, Syverud, Kristin, additional, and Harlin, Ali, additional

Published
2024
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19. Lost in Space: Improving Inference of IPv4 Address Space Utilization

Author

Dainotti, Alberto, Benson, Karyn, King, Alistair, claffy, kc, Glatz, Eduard, Dimitropoulos, Xenofontas, Richter, Philipp, Finamore, Alessandro, and Snoeren, Alex C.

Subjects
Computer Science - Networking and Internet Architecture
Abstract

One challenge in understanding the evolution of Internet infrastructure is the lack of systematic mechanisms for monitoring the extent to which allocated IP addresses are actually used. In this paper we try to advance the science of inferring IPv4 address space utilization by analyzing and correlating results obtained through different types of measurements. We have previously studied an approach based on passive measurements that can reveal used portions of the address space unseen by active approaches. In this paper, we study such passive approaches in detail, extending our methodology to four different types of vantage points, identifying traffic components that most significantly contribute to discovering used IPv4 network blocks. We then combine the results we obtained through passive measurements together with data from active measurement studies, as well as measurements from BGP and additional datasets available to researchers. Through the analysis of this large collection of heterogeneous datasets, we substantially improve the state of the art in terms of: (i) understanding the challenges and opportunities in using passive and active techniques to study address utilization; and (ii) knowledge of the utilization of the IPv4 space.

Published
2014

26. Pretreatment prediction of response to ursodeoxycholic acid in primary biliary cholangitis: development and validation of the UDCA Response Score

Author

Thomas, Caradog, Rahman, Meshbah, Yapp, Tom, Lye Ch'ng, Chin, Harrison, Melanie, Sturgess, Richard, Galaska, Roman, Healey, Chris, Whiteman, Jessica, Czaijkowski, Marek, Gray, Catherine, Gunasekera, Anton, Gyawli, Pranab, Premchand, Purushothaman, Mann, Steven, Elliott, Keith, Kapur, Kapil, Watson, Alan, Foster, Graham, Trembling, Paul, Subhani, Javaid, Harvey, Rory, McCorry, Roger, Adgey, Carolyn, Hobson, Lucie, Mulvaney-Jones, Caroline, Evans, Richard, Mathialahan, Thiriloganathan, Ramanaden, David, Gasem, Jaber, Van Duyvenvoorde, Greta, Shorrock, Christopher, Seward, Katie, Southern, Paul, Tibble, Jeremy, Penn, Ruth, Gorard, David, Maiden, Jane, Damant, Rose, Palegwala, Altaf, Jones, Susan, Alexander, Graeme, Mells, George, Sandford, Richard, Dolwani, Sunil, Prince, Martin, Silvestre, Valeria, Foxton, Matthew, Dungca, Eleanor, Mitchison, Harriet, Wheatley, Natalie, Gooding, Ian, Doyle, Helen, Karmo, Mazn, Kent, Melanie, Saksena, Sushma, Braim, Delyth, Patel, Minesh, Lord, Susan, Ede, Roland, Paton, Alison, Austin, Andrew, Lancaster, Nicola, Sayer, Joanna, Gibbins, Andrew, Hogben, Karen, Hovell, Chris, Fisher, Neil, Carter, Martyn, Koss, Konrad, Musselwhite, Janine, Muscariu, Florin, Piotreowicz, Andrzej, McKay, Alexandra, Grimley, Charles, Neal, David, Ting Tan, Lai, Lim, Guan, Brighton, Jacqueline, Foale, Carole, Ala, Aftab, Saeed, Athar, Flahive, Kerry, Wood, Gordon, Townshend, Paula, Ford, Chris, Brown, Jonathan, Kordula, Jean, Bowles, Jane, Wilkinson, Mark, Palmer, Caroline, Ramage, John, Gordon, Harriet, Featherstone, James, Ridpath, Jo, Ngatchu, Theodore, Levi, Sass, Shaukat, Syed, Sadeghian, Joy, Shidrawi, Ray, Williams, Bronwen, Abouda, George, Jones, Sarah, Duggan, Claire, Hynes, Abigail, Narain, Mark, Rees, Ian, Salam, Imroz, Crossey, Mary, Taylor-Robinson, Simon, Brown, Ashley, MacNicol, Carolyn, Williams, Simon, Wilhelmsen, Elva, Banim, Paul, Raymode, Parizade, Chilton, Andrew, Das, Debasish, Lee, Hye-Jeong, Curtis, Howard, Heneghan, Michael, Gess, Markus, Durant, Emma, Drake, IM, Bishop, Rebecca, Davies, Mervyn, Jones, Rebecca, Aldersley, Mark, Ncube, Noma, McNair, Alistair, Srirajaskanthan, Raj, Sen, Sambit, Casey, Rebecca, Bird, George, Mendall, Mike, Cowley, Caroline, Barnardo, Adrian, Kitchen, Paul, Yoong, Kevin, Amore, Kelly, Sirdefield, Dawn, Orpe, Jacky, Mathew, Ray, MacFaul, George, Wrigth, Aruna, Shah, Amir, Evans, Chris, Keggans, Janie, Bird, Bridget, Baxter, Gwen, Saha, Subrata, Pollock, Katharine, Hughes, Maggie, Bramley, Peter, Grieve, Emma, Young, Karin, Fraser, Andrew, Mukhopadhya, Ashis, Ocker, Kate, Mills, Peter, Hines, Francis, Shallcross, Chris, Wilkins, Joy, Grellier, Leonie, Campbell, Stewart, Martin, Kirsty, Bathgate, Andrew, Innes, Caron, Shepherd, Alan, Rushbrook, Simon, Valliani, Talal, Przemioslo, Robert, Fairlamb, Helen, Macdonald, Chris, Eastick, Anne, Metcalf, Jane, Tanqueray, Elizabeth, Shmueli, Udi, Holbrook, Becky, Davis, Andrew, Browning, Julie, Naqvi, Asifabbas, Walker, Kirsten, Lee, Tom, Verheyden, Juliette, Slininger, Susan, Ryder, Stephen D, Chapman, Roger, Collier, Jane, O'Donnell, Denise, Stafford, Lizzie, Williamson, Kate, Kent, Linda, Klass, Howard, Ninkovic, Mary, March, Linda, Cramp, Matthew, Simpson, Diane, Dickson, Christine, Sharer, Nicholas, Hayes, Maria, Goggin, Patrick, Quinne, Mary, Pearson, Sallyanne, Hoeroldt, Barbara, Jones, Linda, Wright, Alice, Booth, Jonathan, Loftus, Alison, Lipscomb, George, Dewhurst, Hannah, Gunter, Emma, Williams, Earl, Fouracres, Anna, Farrington, Liz, Graves, Lyn, Hussaini, Hyder, Stableforth, Bill, Marriott, Suzie, Ayres, Reuben, Leoni, Marina, Burroughs, Andrew, Marshall, Eileen, Thorburn, Douglas, Tyrer, David, Martin, Kate, Lombard, Martin, Patanwala, Imran, Dali-Kemmery, Lola, Lambourne, Victoria, Maltby, Julia, Vyas, Samir, Colley, Julie, Shinder, Bal, Singhal, Saket, Jones, Jayne, Mills, Marisa, Gleeson, Dermot, Carnahan, Mandy, Butterworth, Jeff, Boulton, Kerenza, Taylor, Natalie, George, Keith, Harding, Tim, Tregonning, Julie, Douglass, Andrew, Brown, Carly, Clifford, Gayle, Panter, Simon, Gocher, Denise, Shearman, Jeremy, Bray, Gary, Hamilton, Maria, Butcher, Graham, Forton, Daniel, Mclindon, John, Curtis, Janette, Das, Debashis, Shewan, Tracey, Cowan, Matthew, Whatley, Gregory, Nasseri, Mariam, Grover, Bob, Sivaramakrishnan, Nurani, Ducker, Samantha, Houghton, Kathryn, Jones, David, Griffiths, Laura, Tripoli, Sherill, Pitcher, Maxton, Shpuza, Ervin, White, Nikki, Ghosh, Deb, Douds, Andrew, Green, Marie, Brookes, Matthew, Cumlat, Lourdes, Wong, Voi Shim, Warner, Karen, Netherton, Kimberley, Mandal, Adtya, Jain, Snjiv, Gupta, Hemant, Sanghi, Pradeep, Pereira, Steve, Neuberger, James, Gunson, Bridget, Hirschfield, Gideon, Lim, Reina Teegan, Gallagher, Susan, Clement, Darren, Brind, Alison, Watts, Gill, Mupudzi, Mcdonald, Wright, Mark, Gitahi, Jane, Gordon, Fiona, Gocher, Denis, Unitt, Esther, Pateman, Hilary, Batham, Sally, Delahooke, Toby, Grant, Allister, Conder, Jill, Higham, Andrew, Cox, Mark, O'Donohoe, Lynn, Currie, Lynn, King, Alistair, Oblak, Metod, Collins, Carole, Whalley, Simon, Quinn, Marie, Baird, Yolanda, Amey, Isobel, Fraser, Jocelyn, Li, Andy, Cotterill, Donna, Bell, Andrew, Singhal, Amit, Gee, Ian, Greer, Sandra, Ang, Yeng, Ransford, Rupert, Allison, Joanna, Gotto, James, Dyer, Simon, Sweeting, Helen, Millson, Charles, Invernizzi, Pietro, Carbone, Marco, Cristoferi, Laura, Bonato, Giulia, Malinverno, Federica, Bernuzzi, Francesca, Alvaro, Domenico, Labbadia, Giancarlo, Bragazzi, Maria Consiglia, Andreone, Pietro, Muratori, Luigi, Azzaroli, Francesco, Floreani, Annarosa, Galli, Andrea, Tarocchi, Mirko, Giannini, Edoardo, Miele, Luca, Gasbarrini, Antonio, Grieco, Antonio, Marrone, Giuseppe, Donato, Maria Francesca, Valenti, Luca, Marra, Fabio, Marzioni, Marco, Maroni, Luca, Rigamonti, Cristina, Zuin, Massimo, Battezzati, Pier Maria, Picciotto, Antonino, Nardi, Alessandra, Flack, Steve, Carpino, Guido, Varvaropoulou, Nikoletta, Gavrila, Caius, Spicer, Ann, Badrock, Jonathan, Cardinale, Vincenzo, Ainsworth, Holly F, Heneghan, Michael A, Neuberger, James M, Donato, Maria F, Kirby, John, Mitchell-Thain, Robert, Sampaziotis, Fotios, Gaudio, Eugenio, Ronca, Vincenzo, Gerussi, Alessio, Stocken, Deborah D, Cordell, Heather J, Hirschfield, Gideon M, Alexander, Graeme J, Sandford, Richard N, Jones, David E, and Mells, George F

Published
2018
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31. List of contributors

Author

Arroyo-Maya, Izlia J., primary, Campos-Terán, José, additional, Cañas, A., additional, Castro, C., additional, Condon, Brian D., additional, Cusola, Oriol, additional, Edwards, J. Vincent, additional, Fang, Zhiqiang, additional, Filpponen, Ilari, additional, Fontenot, Krystal R., additional, Gañán, P., additional, Gómez-Maldonado, Diego, additional, Gong, Amy S., additional, Haldane, David, additional, Hernández-Guerrero, Maribel, additional, Hu, Liangbing, additional, Kangas, Heli, additional, Kilpeläinen, Ilkka, additional, Kim, Jung-Hwan, additional, King, Alistair W.T., additional, Koga, Hirotaka, additional, Larsson, Per A., additional, Lee, Donggue, additional, Lee, Sang-Young, additional, Liebner, Falk, additional, Linder, Markus, additional, López-Simeon, Roxana, additional, Mohammadi, Pezhman, additional, Nam, Sunghyun, additional, Naranjo, T., additional, Nogi, Masaya, additional, Nypelö, Tiina, additional, Ortiz, I., additional, Osorio, M., additional, Peresin, Maria Soledad, additional, Pircher, Nicole, additional, Pitkänen, Marja, additional, Plappert, Sven, additional, Rojas, O.J., additional, Sanchez, D., additional, Zoppe, Justin O., additional, and Zuluaga, R., additional

Published
2020
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34. Teaching Network Security with IP Darkspace Data

Author

Zseby, Tanja, Iglesias Vázquez, Félix, King, Alistair, and Claffy, K. C.

Abstract

This paper presents a network security laboratory project for teaching network traffic anomaly detection methods to electrical engineering students. The project design follows a research-oriented teaching principle, enabling students to make their own discoveries in real network traffic, using data captured from a large IP darkspace monitor operated at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD). Although darkspace traffic does not include bidirectional conversations (only attempts to initiate them), it contains traffic related to or actually perpetrating a variety of network attacks originating from millions of Internet addresses around the world. This breadth of coverage makes this darkspace data an excellent choice for a hands-on study of Internet attack detection techniques. In addition, darkspace data is less privacy-critical than other network traces, because it contains only unwanted network traffic and no legitimate communication. In the lab exercises presented, students learn about network security challenges, search for suspicious anomalies in network traffic, and gain experience in presenting and interpreting their own findings. They acquire not only security-specific technical skills but also general knowledge in statistical data analysis and data mining techniques. They are also encouraged to discover new phenomena in the data, which helps to ignite their general interest in science and engineering research. The Vienna University of Technology, Austria, first implemented this laboratory during the summer semester 2014, with a class of 41 students. With the help of the Center for Applied Internet Data Analysis (CAIDA) at UCSD, all exercises and IP darkspace data are publicly available.

Published
2016
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35. Ionic Liquids for the Production of Man-Made Cellulosic Fibers: Opportunities and Challenges

Author

Hummel, Michael, Michud, Anne, Tanttu, Marjaana, Asaadi, Shirin, Ma, Yibo, Hauru, Lauri K. J., Parviainen, Arno, King, Alistair W. T., Kilpeläinen, Ilkka, Sixta, Herbert, Abe, Akihiro, Series editor, Albertsson, Ann-Christine, Series editor, Coates, Geoffrey W, Series editor, Genzer, Jan, Series editor, Kobayashi, Shiro, Series editor, Lee, Kwang-Sup, Series editor, Leibler, Ludwik, Series editor, Long, Timothy E., Series editor, Möller, Martin, Series editor, Okay, Oguz, Series editor, Percec, Virgil, Series editor, Tang, Ben Zhong, Series editor, Terentjev, Eugene M., Series editor, Theato, Patrick, Series editor, Vicent, Maria J., Series editor, Voit, Brigitte, Series editor, Wiesner, Ulrich, Series editor, Zhang, Xi, Series editor, and Rojas, Orlando J., editor

Published
2016
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36. Combining Rigid Cellulose Nanocrystals and Soft Silk Proteins: Revealing Interactions and Alignment in Shear

Author

Leppänen, Ilona, primary, Arola, Suvi, additional, King, Alistair W. T., additional, Unger, Miriam, additional, Stadler, Hartmut, additional, Nissen, Gry Sofie, additional, Zborowski, Charlotte, additional, Virtanen, Tommi, additional, Salmela, Juha, additional, Setälä, Harri, additional, Lésage, Stephanie, additional, Österberg, Monika, additional, and Tammelin, Tekla, additional

Published
2023
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40. Photocross-Linkable and Shape-Memory Biomaterial Hydrogel Based on Methacrylated Cellulose Nanofibres

Author

Brusentsev, Yury, Yang, Peiru, King, Alistair W.T., Cheng, Fang, Cortes Ruiz, Maria F., Eriksson, John E., Kilpeläinen, Ilkka, Willför, Stefan, Xu, Chunlin, Wågberg, Lars, Wang, Xiaoju, Brusentsev, Yury, Yang, Peiru, King, Alistair W.T., Cheng, Fang, Cortes Ruiz, Maria F., Eriksson, John E., Kilpeläinen, Ilkka, Willför, Stefan, Xu, Chunlin, Wågberg, Lars, and Wang, Xiaoju

Abstract

In the context of three-dimensional (3D) cell culture and tissue engineering, 3D printing is a powerful tool for customizing in vitro 3D cell culture models that are critical for understanding the cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions. Cellulose nanofibril (CNF) hydrogels are emerging in constructing scaffolds able to imitate tissue in a microenvironment. A direct modification of the methacryloyl (MA) group onto CNF is an appealing approach to synthesize photocross-linkable building blocks in formulating CNF-based bioinks for light-assisted 3D printing; however, it faces the challenge of the low efficiency of heterogenous surface modification. Here, a multistep approach yields CNF methacrylate (CNF-MA) with a decent degree of substitution while maintaining a highly dispersible CNF hydrogel, and CNF-MA is further formulated and copolymerized with monomeric acrylamide (AA) to form a super transparent hydrogel with tuneable mechanical strength (compression modulus, approximately 5-15 kPa). The resulting photocurable hydrogel shows good printability in direct ink writing and good cytocompatibility with HeLa and human dermal fibroblast cell lines. Moreover, the hydrogel reswells in water and expands to all directions to restore its original dimension after being air-dried, with further enhanced mechanical properties, for example, Young’s modulus of a 1.1% CNF-MA/1% PAA hydrogel after reswelling in water increases to 10.3 kPa from 5.5 kPa., QC 20231115

Published
2023
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44. A Comparative Study of the Effects of Chemical Crosslinking Agents on NBSK Handsheet Properties

Author

Korpela, Antti, Tanaka, Atsushi, and King, Alistair

Subjects
Paper, Citric acid, Crosslinking, Water absorption, Mechanical properties, Glyoxal, mDMDHEU
Abstract

Chemical crosslinking is an established method for improving the wet performance of paper. In the chemical crosslinking process, covalent bonds are formed between cellulosic surfaces. The formed intra- and inter-fiber bonds increase the paper’s wet strength and reduce its water absorptivity. The majority of published studies concern crosslinking treatments with glyoxal, citric acid (CA), or with 1,2,3,4-butanetetra-carboxylic acid (BTCA). The most severe disadvantage of the crosslinking treatments with glyoxal, CA, and BTCA is that the formed crosslinks make the fibers and the paper more brittle. This downside effect has largely impeded the utilization of crosslinking in paper and paperboard making. In the present study, handsheets made from Nordic bleached softwood kraft pulp (NBSK) were crosslinked with methylated 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethylene urea (mDMDHEU), which is commonly used in cotton fabric finishing. Similar to using glyoxal and citric acid, crosslinking with mDMDHEU notably increased the handsheet wet strength and decreased the water absorption. Compared to the use of glyoxal or CA, the crosslinking with mDMDHEU did not make the handsheets that brittle. These results suggest that mDMDHEU could be a more viable crosslinking agent for improving the wet performance of paper products

Published
2023
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48. Stable glycosylamines at the reducing ends of cellulose nanocrystals

Author

Xia, Jingwen, primary, Koso, Tetyana, additional, Heise, Katja, additional, Fliri, Lukas, additional, Ressouche, Emilie, additional, Majoinen, Johanna, additional, Kostiainen, Mauri A., additional, Hietala, Sami, additional, Hummel, Michael, additional, Aseyev, Vladimir, additional, Kilpeläinen, Ilkka, additional, and King, Alistair W.T., additional

Published
2023
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49. Spatioselective surface chemistry for the production of functional and chemically anisotropic nanocellulose colloids

Author

Heise, Katja, Koso, Tetyana, King, Alistair W. T., Nypelo, Tiina, Penttilä, Paavo, Tardy, Blaise L., Beaumont, Marco, and Department of Chemistry

Subjects
Nmr characterization, Crystalline cellulose, Force microscopy, 116 Chemical sciences, Wood cellulose, Reducing end-groups, 221 Nano-technology, Bound water, Dialdehyde cellulose, 114 Physical sciences, Hydrogen-bonding system, Synchrotron x-ray, Modified cellulose nanocrystals
Abstract

Maximizing the benefits of nanomaterials from biomass requires unique considerations associated with their native chemical and physical structure. Both cellulose nanofibrils and nanocrystals are extracted from cellulose fibers via a top-down approach and have significantly advanced materials chemistry and set new benchmarks in the last decade. One major challenge has been to prepare defined and selectively modified nanocelluloses, which would, e.g., allow optimal particle interactions and thereby further improve the properties of processed materials. At the molecular and crystallite level, the surface of nanocelluloses offers an alternating chemical structure and functional groups of different reactivity, enabling straightforward avenues towards chemically anisotropic and molecularly patterned nanoparticles via spatioselective chemical modification. In this review, we will explain the influence and role of the multiscale hierarchy of cellulose fibers in chemical modifications, and critically discuss recent advances in selective surface chemistry of nanocelluloses. Finally, we will demonstrate the potential of those chemically anisotropic nanocelluloses in materials science and discuss challenges and opportunities in this field.

Published
2022

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