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11. Long-term observations of black carbon and carbon monoxide in the Poker Flat Research Range, central Alaska, with a focus on forest wildfire emissions.

Author

Kinase, Takeshi, Taketani, Fumikazu, Takigawa, Masayuki, Zhu, Chunmao, Kim, Yongwon, Mordovskoi, Petr, and Kanaya, Yugo

Subjects
CARBON monoxide, CARBON-black, WILDFIRE prevention, WILDFIRES, ARCTIC climate, POKER, SOOT, ATMOSPHERIC methane, EMISSION inventories
Abstract

Forest wildfires in interior Alaska represent an important black carbon (BC) source for the Arctic and sub-Arctic. However, BC observations in interior Alaska have not been sufficient to constrain the range of existing emissions. Here, we show our observations of BC mass concentrations and carbon monoxide (CO) mixing ratios in the Poker Flat Research Range (65.12° N, 147.43° W), located in central Alaska, since April 2016. The medians of the hourly BC mass concentration and CO mixing ratio throughout the observation period were 13 ng m-3 and 124.7 ppb, respectively. Significant peaks in the BC mass concentration and CO mixing ratio were observed at the same time, indicating influences from common sources. These BC peaks coincided with peaks at other comparative sites in Alaska, indicating large BC emissions in interior Alaska. Source estimation by FLEXPART-WRF confirmed a contribution of forest wildfires in Alaska when high BC mass concentrations were observed. For these cases, we found a positive correlation (r = 0.44) between the observed BC/∆CO ratio and fire radiative power (FRP) observed in Alaska and Canada. This finding indicates that the BC and CO emission ratio is controlled by the intensity and time progress of forest wildfires and suggests the BC emission factor or/and inventory could be potentially improved by FRP. We recommend that FRP be integrated into future bottom-up emission inventories to achieve a better understanding of the dynamics of pollutants from frequently occurred forest wildfires under the rapidly changing climate in the Arctic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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15. Reassessment of the radiocesium resuspension flux from contaminated ground surfaces in East Japan

Author

Kajino, Mizuo, Watanabe, Akira, Ishizuka, Masahide, Kita, Kazuyuki, Zaizen, Yuji, Kinase, Takeshi, Hirai, Rikuya, Konnai, Kakeru, Saya, Akane, Iwaoka, Kazuki, Shiroma, Yoshitaka, Hasegawa, Hidenao, Akata, Naofumi, Hosoda, Masahiro, Tokonami, Shinji, Igarashi, Yasuhito, and Kazuki, Iwaoka

Abstract

Resuspension of 137Cs from the contaminated ground surface to the atmosphere is essential for understanding the environmental behaviors of 137Cs and estimating external and inhalation exposure of residents. Kajino et al. (2016) assessed the 137Cs resuspension flux from bare soil and forest ecosystems in East Japan in 2013 using a numerical simulation constrained by surface air concentration measurements. However, the simulation was found to underestimate the observed deposition amounts by two orders of magnitude. The reason for this underestimation is that the simulation assumed that resuspended 137Cs is carried by submicron aerosols, which have low deposition rates. Based on the observational indications that soil dust and bioaerosols are the major carriers of resuspended 137Cs, a new simulation is performed with higher deposition rates constrained by both surface concentrations and deposition amounts. In the new estimation, the areal total annual resuspension of 137Cs in 2013 is 25.7 TBq, which is equivalent to 0.96 % of the initial deposition (2.68 PBq). Due to the rapid deposition rates, the annual redeposition amount is also large at 10.6 TBq, approximately 40 % of the resuspended 137Cs. The resuspension rate through the atmosphere (0.96 % y−1) seems slow, but it (2.6 × 10−5 d−1) may not be negligibly small compared to the actual decreasing trend of the ambient gamma dose rate obtained in Fukushima Prefecture after the radioactive decay of 137Cs plus 134Cs in 2013 is subtracted (1.0–7.9 × 10−4 d−1): Resuspension can account for 1–10 % of the decreasing rate due to decontamination and natural decay through land surface processes. The current simulation underestimated the 137Cs deposition in Fukushima city in winter by more than an order of magnitude, indicating the presence of additional resuspension sources. The site of Fukushima city is surrounded by major roads. Heavy traffic on wet and muddy roads after snow removal operations could generate superlarge (approximately 100 µm in diameter) road dust or road salt particles, which is not included in the model but might contribute to the observed 137Cs at the site.

Published
2021

16. The seasonal variations of atmospheric 134,137Cs activity and possible host particles for their resuspension in the contaminated areas of Tsushima and Yamakiya, Fukushima, Japan

Author

Kinase, Takeshi, Kita, Kazuyuki, Igarashi, Yasuhito, Adachi, Kouji, Ninomiya, Kazuhiko, Shinohara, Atsushi, Okochi, Hiroshi, Ogata, Hiroko, Ishizuka, Masahide, Toyoda, Sakae, Yamada, Keita, Yoshida, Naohiro, Zaizen, Yuji, Mikami, Masao, Demizu, Hiroyuki, and Onda, Yuichi

Published
2018
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19. Fine Ash‐Bearing Particles as a Major Aerosol Component in Biomass Burning Smoke

Author

Adachi, Kouji, primary, Dibb, Jack E., additional, Scheuer, Eric, additional, Katich, Joseph M., additional, Schwarz, Joshua P., additional, Perring, Anne E., additional, Mediavilla, Braden, additional, Guo, Hongyu, additional, Campuzano‐Jost, Pedro, additional, Jimenez, Jose L., additional, Crawford, James, additional, Soja, Amber J., additional, Oshima, Naga, additional, Kajino, Mizuo, additional, Kinase, Takeshi, additional, Kleinman, Lawrence, additional, Sedlacek, Arthur J., additional, Yokelson, Robert J., additional, and Buseck, Peter R., additional

Published
2022
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20. Reassessment of the radiocesium resuspension flux from contaminated ground surfaces in eastern Japan

Author

Kajino, Mizuo, primary, Watanabe, Akira, additional, Ishizuka, Masahide, additional, Kita, Kazuyuki, additional, Zaizen, Yuji, additional, Kinase, Takeshi, additional, Hirai, Rikuya, additional, Konnai, Kakeru, additional, Saya, Akane, additional, Iwaoka, Kazuki, additional, Shiroma, Yoshitaka, additional, Hasegawa, Hidenao, additional, Akata, Naofumi, additional, Hosoda, Masahiro, additional, Tokonami, Shinji, additional, and Igarashi, Yasuhito, additional

Published
2022
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22. Reassessment of the radiocesium resuspension flux from contaminated ground surfaces in East Japan

Author

Kajino, Mizuo, primary, Watanabe, Akira, additional, Ishizuka, Masahide, additional, Kita, Kazuyuki, additional, Zaizen, Yuji, additional, Kinase, Takeshi, additional, Hirai, Rikuya, additional, Konnai, Kakeru, additional, Saya, Akane, additional, Iwaoka, Kazuki, additional, Shiroma, Yoshitaka, additional, Hasegawa, Hidenao, additional, Akata, Naofumi, additional, Hosoda, Masahiro, additional, Tokonami, Shinji, additional, and Igarashi, Yasuhito, additional

Published
2021
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23. Supplementary material to "Reassessment of the radiocesium resuspension flux from contaminated ground surfaces in East Japan"

Author

Kajino, Mizuo, primary, Watanabe, Akira, additional, Ishizuka, Masahide, additional, Kita, Kazuyuki, additional, Zaizen, Yuji, additional, Kinase, Takeshi, additional, Hirai, Rikuya, additional, Konnai, Kakeru, additional, Saya, Akane, additional, Iwaoka, Kazuki, additional, Shiroma, Yoshitaka, additional, Hasegawa, Hidenao, additional, Akata, Naofumi, additional, Hosoda, Masahiro, additional, Tokonami, Shinji, additional, and Igarashi, Yasuhito, additional

Published
2021
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25. Rain-induced bioecological resuspension of radiocaesium in a polluted forest in Japan

Author

90343897, Kita, Kazuyuki, Igarashi, Yasuhito, Kinase, Takeshi, Hayashi, Naho, Ishizuka, Masahide, Adachi, Kouji, Koitabashi, Motoo, Sekiyama, Tsuyoshi Thomas, Onda, Yuichi, 90343897, Kita, Kazuyuki, Igarashi, Yasuhito, Kinase, Takeshi, Hayashi, Naho, Ishizuka, Masahide, Adachi, Kouji, Koitabashi, Motoo, Sekiyama, Tsuyoshi Thomas, and Onda, Yuichi

Abstract

It is the conventional understanding that rain removes aerosols from the atmosphere. However, the question of whether rain plays a role in releasing aerosols to the atmosphere has recently been posed by several researchers. In the present study, we show additional evidence for rain-induced aerosol emissions in a forest environment: the occurrence of radiocaesium-bearing aerosols in a Japanese forest due to rain. We carried out general radioactive aerosol observations in a typical mountainous village area within the exclusion zone in Fukushima Prefecture to determine the impacts and major drivers of the resuspension of radiocaesium originating from the nuclear accident in March 2011. We also conducted sampling according to the weather (with and without rain conditions) in a forest to clarify the sources of atmospheric radiocaesium in the polluted forest. We found that rain induces an increase in radiocaesium in the air in forests. With further investigations, we confirmed that the fungal spore sources of resuspended radiocaesium seemed to differ between rainy weather and nonrainy weather. Larger fungal particles (possibly macroconidia) are emitted during rainy conditions than during nonrainy weather, suggesting that splash generation by rain droplets is the major mechanism of the suspension of radiocaesium-bearing mould-like fungi. The present findings indicate that radiocaesium could be used as a tracer in such research fields as forest ecology, meteorology, climatology, public health and agriculture, in which fungal spores have significance.

Published
2020

26. Chlorine partitioning near the polar vortex edge observed with ground-based FTIR and satellites at Syowa Station, Antarctica, in 2007 and 2011

Author

Nakajima, Hideaki, Murata, Isao, Nagahama, Yoshihiro, Akiyoshi, Hideharu, Saeki, Kosuke, Kinase, Takeshi, Takeda, Masanori, Tomikawa, Yoshihiro, Dupuy, Eric, Jones, Nicholas B, Nakajima, Hideaki, Murata, Isao, Nagahama, Yoshihiro, Akiyoshi, Hideharu, Saeki, Kosuke, Kinase, Takeshi, Takeda, Masanori, Tomikawa, Yoshihiro, Dupuy, Eric, and Jones, Nicholas B

Abstract

2020 Author(s). We retrieved lower stratospheric vertical profiles of O3, HNO3, and HCl from solar spectra taken with a ground-based Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) installed at Syowa Station, Antarctica (69.0°S, 39.6°E), from March to December 2007 and September to November 2011. This was the first continuous measurement of chlorine species throughout the ozone hole period from the ground in Antarctica. We analyzed temporal variation of these species combined with ClO, HCl, and HNO3 data taken with the Aura MLS (Microwave Limb Sounder) satellite sensor and ClONO2 data taken with the Envisat MIPAS (the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding) satellite sensor at 18 and 22 km over Syowa Station. An HCl and ClONO2 decrease occurred from the end of May at both 18 and 22 km, and eventually, in early winter, both HCl and ClONO2 were almost depleted. When the sun returned to Antarctica in spring, enhancement of ClO and gradual O3 destruction were observed. During the ClO-enhanced period, a negative correlation between ClO and ClONO2 was observed in the time series of the data at Syowa Station. This negative correlation was associated with the relative distance between Syowa Station and the edge of the polar vortex. We used MIROC3.2 chemistry-climate model (CCM) results to investigate the behavior of whole chlorine and related species inside the polar vortex and the boundary region in more detail. From CCM model results, the rapid conversion of chlorine reservoir species (HCl and ClONO2) into Cl2, gradual conversion of Cl2 into Cl2O2, increase in HOCl in the winter period, increase in ClO when sunlight became available, and conversion of ClO into HCl were successfully reproduced. The HCl decrease in the winter polar vortex core continued to occur due to both transport of ClONO2 from the subpolar region to higher latitudes, providing a flux of ClONO2 from more sunlit latitudes into the polar vortex, and the heterogeneous reaction of HCl with

Published
2020

27. Studies on Atmosphere, Snow/Ice, and Glacial Microbes on Greenland Ice Sheet by SIGMA and relevant projects

Author

AOKI, Teruo, primary, MATOBA, Sumito, additional, NIWANO, Masashi, additional, KUCHIKI, Katsuyuki, additional, TANIKAWA, Tomonori, additional, TAKEUCHI, Nozomu, additional, YAMAGUCHI, Satoru, additional, MOTOYAMA, Hideaki, additional, FUJITA, Koji, additional, YAMASAKI, Tetsuhide, additional, IIZUKA, Yoshinori, additional, HORI, Masahiro, additional, SHIMADA, Rigen, additional, UETAKE, Jun, additional, NAGATSUKA, Naoko, additional, ONUMA, Yukihiko, additional, HASHIMOTO, Akihiro, additional, ISHIMOTO, Hiroshi, additional, TANAKA, Taichu Yasumich, additional, OSHIMA, Naga, additional, KAJINO, Mizuo, additional, ADACHI, Kouji, additional, KUROSAKI, Yutaka, additional, SUGIYAMA, Shin, additional, TSUTAKI, Shun, additional, GOTO-AZUMA, Kumiko, additional, HACHIKUBO, Akihiro, additional, KAWAKAMI, Kaoru, additional, and KINASE, Takeshi, additional

Published
2021
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31. Use of a size-resolved 1-D resuspension scheme to evaluate resuspended radioactive material associated with mineral dust particles from the ground surface

Author

Ishizuka, Masahide, Mikami, Masao, Tanaka, Taichu Y., Igarashi, Yasuhito, Kita, Kazuyuki, Yamada, Yutaka, YOSHIDA, NAOHIRO, Toyoda, Sakae, Satou, Yukihiko, Kinase, Takeshi, Ninomiya, Kazuhiko, and Shinohara, Atsushi

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Fukushima Nuclear Accident, Soil texture, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Soil science, 010501 environmental sciences, Mineral dust, 01 natural sciences, Atmosphere, Soil, Japan, Radiation Monitoring, Environmental Chemistry, Soil Pollutants, Radioactive, Particle Size, Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Hydrology, Minerals, Radioactive waste, Dust, General Medicine, Models, Theoretical, Pollution, Cesium Radioisotopes, Loam, Aeolian processes, Environmental science, Particle size
Abstract

A size-resolved, one-dimensional resuspension scheme for soil particles from the ground surface is proposed to evaluate the concentration of radioactivity in the atmosphere due to the secondary emission of radioactive material. The particle size distributions of radioactive particles at a sampling point were measured and compared with the results evaluated by the scheme using four different soil textures: sand, loamy sand, sandy loam, and silty loam. For sandy loam and silty loam, the results were in good agreement with the size-resolved atmospheric radioactivity concentrations observed at a school ground in Tsushima District, Namie Town, Fukushima, which was heavily contaminated after the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident in March 2011. Though various assumptions were incorporated into both the scheme and evaluation conditions, this study shows that the proposed scheme can be applied to evaluate secondary emissions caused by aeolian resuspension of radioactive materials associated with mineral dust particles from the ground surface. The results underscore the importance of taking soil texture into account when evaluating the concentrations of resuspended, size-resolved atmospheric radioactivity.

Published
2015

33. 南極成層圏におけるオゾン破壊とPSC・大気微量成分の継続的観測の重要性

Author

Michael, C. Pitts, Takeda, Masanori, Saeki, Kosuke, Kinase, Takeshi, Nagahama, Yoshihiro, C. Pitts, Michael, and Nakajima, Hideaki

Abstract

The magnitude of ozone hole in winter polar stratosphere is related to the occurrence frequency of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs). The threshold temperature for PSC formation depends on the amount of stratospheric nitric acid and water vapor. Recently, a long-term positive and negative trend in stratospheric water vapor was reported (Solomon et al. 2010). To understand ozone destruction mechanism in polar region, it is necessary to continuously observe stratospheric trace gases which are related to ozone chemistry, and resolve PSC’s formation process and their composition. The observation techniques for stratospheric trace gases and PSCs include observation by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), balloonborne sondes and satellites. To date, we have been analyzed these observational data for more than 6 years since 2007. We report some results and further introduce the future observation plan in Syowa Station., 第4回極域科学シンポジウム個別セッション：[OM] 気水圏11月15日（金） 国立極地研究所 ３階ラウンジ

Published
2013

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Author

Nakayama, Tomoki, Hagino, Rie, Matsumi, Yutaka, Kinase, Takeshi, Kita, Kazuyuki, Yamazaki, Akihiro, Uchiyama, Akihiro, Kobayashi, Eriko, Kudo, Rei, [checking], Takahashi, Kenshi, Kinugawa, Takashi, Yabushita, Akihiro, Kawasaki, Masahiro, Tonokura, Kenichi, 10303596, Nakayama, Tomoki, Hagino, Rie, Matsumi, Yutaka, Kinase, Takeshi, Kita, Kazuyuki, Yamazaki, Akihiro, Uchiyama, Akihiro, Kobayashi, Eriko, Kudo, Rei, [checking], Takahashi, Kenshi, Kinugawa, Takashi, Yabushita, Akihiro, Kawasaki, Masahiro, Tonokura, Kenichi, and 10303596

Published
2009

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