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2. Attributing historical changes in probabilities of record-breaking daily temperature and precipitation extreme events

Author

Shiogama, H, Imada, Y, Mori, M, Mizuta, R, Stone, D, Yoshida, K, Arakawa, O, Ikeda, M, Takahashi, C, Arai, M, Ishii, M, Watanabe, M, and Kimoto, M

Subjects
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Abstract

© 2016, the Meteorological Society of Japan. We describe two unprecedented large (100-member), longterm (61-year) ensembles based on MRI-AGCM3.2, which were driven by historical and non-warming climate forcing. These ensembles comprise the "Database for Policy Decision making for Future climate change (d4PDF)". We compare these ensembles to large ensembles based on another climate model, as well as to observed data, to investigate the influence of anthropogenic activities on historical changes in the numbers of record-breaking events, including: the annual coldest daily minimum temperature (TNn), the annual warmest daily maximum temperature (TXx) and the annual most intense daily precipitation event (Rx1day). These two climate model ensembles indicate that human activity has already had statistically significant impacts on the number of record-breaking extreme events worldwide mainly in the Northern Hemisphere land. Specifically, human activities have altered the likelihood that a wider area globally would suffer record-breaking TNn, TXx and Rx1day events than that observed over the 2001- 2010 period by a factor of at least 0.6, 5.4 and 1.3, respectively. However, we also find that the estimated spatial patterns and amplitudes of anthropogenic impacts on the probabilities of record-breaking events are sensitive to the climate model and/or natural-world boundary conditions used in the attribution studies.

Published
2016

3. North Atlantic climate far more predictable than models imply

Author

Smith, D. M., Scaife, A. A., Eade, R., Athanasiadis, P., Bellucci, A., Bethke, I., Bilbao, R., Borchert, L. F., Caron, L.-P., Counillon, F., Danabasoglu, G., Delworth, T., Doblas-Reyes, F. J., Dunstone, N. J., Estella-Perez, V., Flavoni, S., Hermanson, L., Keenlyside, N., Kharin, V., Kimoto, M., Merryfield, W. J., Mignot, J., Mochizuki, T., Modali, K., Monerie, P.-A., Müller, W. A., Nicolí, D., Ortega, P., Pankatz, K., Pohlmann, H., Robson, J., Ruggieri, P., Sospedra-Alfonso, R., Swingedouw, D., Wang, Y., Wild, S., Yeager, S., Yang, X., and Zhang, L.

Published
2020
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5. Robust skill of decadal climate predictions

Author

Smith, D. M., Eade, R., Scaife, A. A., Caron, L.-P., Danabasoglu, G., DelSole, T. M., Delworth, T., Doblas-Reyes, F. J., Dunstone, N. J., Hermanson, L., Kharin, V., Kimoto, M., Merryfield, W. J., Mochizuki, T., Müller, W. A., Pohlmann, H., Yeager, S., and Yang, X.

Published
2019
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6. STOIC: A study of coupled model climatology and variability in tropical ocean regions

Author

Davey, M, Huddleston, M, Sperber, K, Braconnot, P, Bryan, F, Chen, D, Colman, R, Cooper, C, Cubasch, U, Delecluse, P, DeWitt, D, Fairhead, L, Flato, G, Gordon, C, Hogan, T, Ji, M, Kimoto, M, Kitoh, A, Knutson, T, Latif, M, Le Treut, H, Li, T, Manabe, S, Mechoso, C, Meehl, G, Power, S, Roeckner, E, Terray, L, Vintzileos, A, Voss, R, Wang, B, Washington, W, Yoshikawa, I, Yu, J, Yukimoto, S, and Zebiak, S

Subjects
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences, Atmospheric Sciences, Oceanography, Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience
Abstract

We describe the behaviour of 23 dynamical ocean-atmosphere models, in the context of comparison with observations in a common framework. Fields of tropical sea surface temperature (SST), surface wind stress and upper ocean vertically averaged temperature (VAT) are assessed with regard to annual mean, seasonal cycle, and interannual variability characteristics. Of the participating models, 21 are coupled GCMs, of which 13 use no form of flux adjustment in the tropics. The models vary widely in design, components and purpose: nevertheless several common features are apparent. In most models without flux adjustment, the annual mean equatorial SST in the central Pacific is too cool and the Atlantic zonal SST gradient has the wrong sign. Annual mean wind stress is often too weak in the central Pacific and in the Atlantic, but too strong in the west Pacific. Few models have an upper ocean VAT seasonal cycle like that observed in the equatorial Pacific. Interannual variability is commonly too weak in the models: in particular, wind stress variability is low in the equatorial Pacific. Most models have difficulty in reproducing the observed Pacific 'horseshoe' pattern of negative SST correlations with internnual Nino3 SST anomalies, or the observed Indian-Pacific lag correlations. The results for the fields examined indicate that several substantial model improvements are needed, particularly with regard to surface wind stress.

Published
2002

7. ENSIP: the El Niño simulation intercomparison project

Author

Latif, M, Sperber, K, Arblaster, J, Braconnot, P, Chen, D, Colman, A, Cubasch, U, Cooper, C, Delecluse, P, Dewitt, D, Fairhead, L, Flato, G, Hogan, T, Ji, M, Kimoto, M, Kitoh, A, Knutson, T, Le Treut, H, Li, T, Manabe, S, Marti, O, Mechoso, C, Meehl, G, Power, S, Roeckner, E, Sirven, J, Terray, L, Vintzileos, A, Voß, R, Wang, B, Washington, W, Yoshikawa, I, Yu, J, and Zebiak, S

Subjects
Atmospheric Sciences, Oceanography, Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Abstract

An ensemble of twenty four coupled ocean-atmosphere models has been compared with respect to their performance in the tropical Pacific. The coupled models span a large portion of the parameter space and differ in many respects. The intercomparison includes TOGA (Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere)-type models consisting of high-resolution tropical ocean models and coarse-resolution global atmosphere models, coarse-resolution global coupled models, and a few global coupled models with high resolution in the equatorial region in their ocean components. The performance of the annual mean state, the seasonal cycle and the interannual variability are investigated. The primary quantity analysed is sea surface temperature (SST). Additionally, the evolution of interannual heat content variations in the tropical Pacific and the relationship between the interannual SST variations in the equatorial Pacific to fluctuations in the strength of the Indian summer monsoon are investigated. The results can be summarised as follows: almost all models (even those employing flux corrections) still have problems in simulating the SST climatology, although some improvements are found relative to earlier intercomparison studies. Only a few of the coupled models simulate the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in terms of gross equatorial SST anomalies realistically. In particular, many models overestimate the variability in the western equatorial Pacific and underestimate the SST variability in the east. The evolution of interannual heat content variations is similar to that observed in almost all models. Finally, the majority of the models show a strong connection between ENSO and the strength of the Indian summer monsoon.

Published
2001

8. A multicentric consortium study demonstrates that dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 2 is not a dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase

Author

Ragavan, V. N., Nair, P. C., Jarzebska, N., Angom, R. S., Ruta, L., Bianconi, E., Grottelli, S., Tararova, N. D., Ryazanskiy, D., Lentz, S. R., Tommasi, S., Martens-Lobenhoffer, J., Suzuki-Yamamoto, T., Kimoto, M., Rubets, E., Chau, S., Chen, Y., Hu, X., Bernhardt, N., Spieth, P. M., Weiss, N., Bornstein, S. R., Mukhopadhyay, D., Bode-Boger, S. M., Maas, R., Wang, Y., Macchiarulo, A., Mangoni, A. A., Cellini, B., and Rodionov, R. N.

Published
2023

10. Transient induction of cell cycle promoter Fam64a improves cardiac function through regulating Klf15-dependent cardiomyocyte differentiation in mice

Author

Ken Hashimoto, Satoshi Mohri, Kimoto M, Aya Kodama, Usui Y, Nakagawa R, Yoshihiro Ujihara, Ohira M, and Akira Hanashima

Subjects
Genetically modified mouse, Cell division, Regeneration (biology), Regulator, Endogeny, KLF15, Cell cycle, Biology, Sarcomere, Cell biology
Abstract

The introduction of fetal or neonatal signatures such as cell cycle promoting genes into damaged adult hearts has been vigorously pursued as a promising strategy for stimulating proliferation and regeneration of adult cardiomyocytes, which normally cannot divide. However, cell division of cardiomyocytes requires preceding dedifferentiation with sarcomere disassembly and calcium dysregulation, which, in principle, compromises contractile function. To overcome this intrinsic dilemma, we explored the feasibility of optimizing the induction protocol of the cell cycle promoter in mice. As a model of this approach, we used Fam64a, a fetal-specific cardiomyocyte cell cycle promoter that we have recently identified. We first analyzed transgenic mice maintaining long-term cardiomyocyte-specific expression of Fam64a after birth, when endogenous expression was abolished. Despite having an enhanced proliferation of postnatal cardiomyocytes, these mice showed age-related cardiac dysfunction characterized by sustained cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation, which was reminiscent of the dilemma. Mechanistically, Fam64a inhibited glucocorticoid receptor-mediated transcriptional activation of Klf15, a key regulator that drives cardiomyocyte differentiation, thereby directing cardiomyocytes toward immature undifferentiated states. In contrast, transient induction of Fam64a in cryoinjured wildtype adult mice hearts improved functional recovery with augmented cell cycle activation of cardiomyocytes. These data indicate that optimizing the intensity and duration of the stimulant to avoid excessive cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation could pave the way toward developing efficient strategy for successful heart regeneration.

Published
2021

15. Author Correction: Robust skill of decadal climate predictions (npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, (2019), 2: 13, 10.1038/s41612-019-0071-y)

Author

Smith, D., Eade, R., Scaife, A., Caron, L., Danabasoglu, G., DelSole, T., Delworth, T., Doblas-Reyes, F., Dunstone, N., Hermanson, L., Kharin, V., Kimoto, M., Merryfield, W., Mochizuki, T., Müller, W., Pohlmann, H., Yeager, S., and Yang, X.

Abstract

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper. © 2020, Crown.

Published
2020

23. Decadal Climate Prediction: An Update from the Trenches

Author

Meehl, G., Goddard, L., Kirtman, B., Branstator, G., Danabasoglu, G., Hawkins, E., Kumar, A., Rosati, T., Smith, D., Sutton, R., Boer, G., Burgman, R., Carson, C., Corti, S., Karspeck, A., Keenlyside, N., Kimoto, M., Matei, D., https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3735-8802, Mignot, J., Msadek, R., Navarra, A., Pohlmann, H., Rienecker, M., Schneider, E., Tebaldi, C., Teng, H., van Oldenborgh, G., Vecchi, G., Yeager, S., National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] ( NCAR ), International Research Institute for Climate and Society ( IRI ), Earth Institute at Columbia University, Columbia University [New York]-Columbia University [New York], CERFACS [Toulouse], Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Milan, Institut Català de Ciències del Clima, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats ( ICREA ), Department of Meteorology [Reading], University of Reading ( UOR ), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne ( LICB ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Max Planck Institute for Meteorology ( MPI-M ), Processus de la variabilité climatique tropicale et impacts ( PARVATI ), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques ( LOCEAN ), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory ( GFDL ), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ), Dipartimento di Matematica e Informatica [Perugia] ( DMI ), Università degli Studi di Perugia ( UNIPG ), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center ( GSFC ), Espaces et Sociétés ( ESO ), Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Le Mans Université ( UM ) -Université d'Angers ( UA ) -AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Université de Rennes 2 ( UR2 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement ( IGARUN ), Université de Nantes ( UN ) -Université de Nantes ( UN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute ( KNMI ), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), International Research Institute for Climate and Society (IRI), Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis (CCCma), Environment and Climate Change Canada, Florida International University [Miami] (FIU), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), University of Reading (UOR), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (LICB), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Processus de la variabilité climatique tropicale et impacts (PARVATI), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Dipartimento di Matematica e Informatica [Perugia] (DMI), Università degli Studi di Perugia (UNIPG), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Espaces et Sociétés (ESO), Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Le Mans Université (UM), Met Office Hadley Centre for Climate Change (MOHC), United Kingdom Met Office [Exeter], National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom, Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Meehl GA, Goddard L, Boer G, Burgman R, Branstator G, Cassou C, Corti S, Danabasoglu G, Doblas-Reyes F, Hawkins E, Karspeck A, Kimoto M, Kumar A, Matei D, Mignot J, Msadek R, Navarra A, Pohlmann H, Rienecker M, Rosati T, Schneider E, Smith D, Sutton R, Teng HY, van Oldenborgh GJ, Vecchi G, and Yeager S

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Atmosphere, Climate system, Initialization, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Forcing (mathematics), Hiatus, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Climatic changes--Simulation methods, Climatic changes--Forecasting, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Environmental science, decadal predictions, climate, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

This paper provides an update on research in the relatively new and fast-moving field of decadal climate prediction, and addresses the use of decadal climate predictions not only for potential users of such information but also for improving our understanding of processes in the climate system. External forcing influences the predictions throughout, but their contributions to predictive skill become dominant after most of the improved skill from initialization with observations vanishes after about 6–9 years. Recent multimodel results suggest that there is relatively more decadal predictive skill in the North Atlantic, western Pacific, and Indian Oceans than in other regions of the world oceans. Aspects of decadal variability of SSTs, like the mid-1970s shift in the Pacific, the mid-1990s shift in the northern North Atlantic and western Pacific, and the early-2000s hiatus, are better represented in initialized hindcasts compared to uninitialized simulations. There is evidence of higher skill in initialized multimodel ensemble decadal hindcasts than in single model results, with multimodel initialized predictions for near-term climate showing somewhat less global warming than uninitialized simulations. Some decadal hindcasts have shown statistically reliable predictions of surface temperature over various land and ocean regions for lead times of up to 6–9 years, but this needs to be investigated in a wider set of models. As in the early days of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) prediction, improvements to models will reduce the need for bias adjustment, and increase the reliability, and thus usefulness, of decadal climate predictions in the future.

Published
2014

27. Predicted Chance That Global Warming Will Temporarily Exceed 1.5 °C

Author

Smith, D. M., primary, Scaife, A. A., additional, Hawkins, E., additional, Bilbao, R., additional, Boer, G. J., additional, Caian, M., additional, Caron, L.‐P., additional, Danabasoglu, G., additional, Delworth, T., additional, Doblas‐Reyes, F. J., additional, Doescher, R., additional, Dunstone, N. J., additional, Eade, R., additional, Hermanson, L., additional, Ishii, M., additional, Kharin, V., additional, Kimoto, M., additional, Koenigk, T., additional, Kushnir, Y., additional, Matei, D., additional, Meehl, G. A., additional, Menegoz, M., additional, Merryfield, W. J., additional, Mochizuki, T., additional, Müller, W. A., additional, Pohlmann, H., additional, Power, S., additional, Rixen, M., additional, Sospedra‐Alfonso, R., additional, Tuma, M., additional, Wyser, K., additional, Yang, X., additional, and Yeager, S., additional

Published
2018
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28. Intraseasonal Variability in a Two-Layer Model and Observations

Author

Marcus, S, Keppenne, C, Kimoto, M, and Ghil, M

Abstract

A two-layer shallow-water model with R15 truncation and topographic forcing is used to study intraseasonal variability in the Northern Hemisphere's (NH) extratropical atmosphere.

Published
1999

32. Nonlinear dynamics and predictability in the atmospheric sciences

Author

Ghil, M, Kimoto, M, and Neelin, J. D

Subjects
Meteorology And Climatology
Abstract

Systematic applications of nonlinear dynamics to studies of the atmosphere and climate are reviewed for the period 1987-1990. Problems discussed include paleoclimatic applications, low-frequency atmospheric variability, and interannual variability of the ocean-atmosphere system. Emphasis is placed on applications of the successive bifurcation approach and the ergodic theory of dynamical systems to understanding and prediction of intraseasonal, interannual, and Quaternary climate changes.

Published
1991

36. Primary Bilateral Adrenal Lymphoma Associated with Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Author

Eiji Yamamoto, Kimoto M, Nobuhiro Ozaki, and Masahisa Nakagawa

Subjects
Male, Cancer Research, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Lymphoma, B-Cell, medicine.medical_treatment, Splenectomy, Adrenal Gland Neoplasms, Pheochromocytoma, immune system diseases, hemic and lymphatic diseases, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, Biopsy, medicine, Carcinoma, Humans, Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic, Frozen section procedure, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Remission Induction, Combination chemotherapy, Hematology, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Combined Modality Therapy, Thrombocytopenic purpura, Lymphoma, Oncology, business
Abstract

Autoimmune disorders are occasionally associated with malignant lymphoma. To date only one case of primary adrenal lymphoma associated with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) has ever been reported. This paper reports the case of a 63-year-old man with bilateral adrenal masses whose laboratory data showed decreased platelet count. Despite normal blood pressure, the adrenal tumors endocrinologically appeared to be pheochromocytoma. Core needle biopsy was not done due to thrombocytopenia attributed to concurrent ITP. After intravenous immunoglobulin treatment, splenectomy and bilateral adrenalectomy were performed since the first pathological findings of the frozen specimen suggested the possibility of a poorly-differentiated carcinoma. Immunohistochemical study finally showed the tumors to be diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The patient underwent a subsequent course of combination chemotherapy and survived 6 years recurrence-free without any need for further treatment other than steroid replacement. The coincidence of adrenal lymphoma and ITP should be considered even if another kind of tumor is suspected, and core needle biopsy should be performed prior to operation, since the specific kind of tumor found alters the therapeutical strategy adopted.

Published
1999

38. Explaining Extreme Events of 2012 from a Climate Perspective

Author

Peterson, T. C., Alexander, L. V., Allen, M. R., Añel, Juan A., Barriopedro, David, Black, M. T., Carey-Smith, T., Castillo, R., Cattiaux, J., Chen, X. L., Chen, X. Y., Chevallier, M., Christidis, N., Ciavarella, A., Vries, H. de, Dean, S. M., Deans, K., Diffenbaugh, N. S., Doblas-Reyes, Francisco J., Donat, M. G., Dong, B., Eilerts, G., Funk, C., Galu, G., García Herrera, Ricardo, Germe, A., Gill, S., Gimeno, Luis, Guemas, V., Herring, S. C., Hoell, A., Hoerling, M. P., Huntingford, C., Husak, G., Imada, Y., Ishii, M., Karoly, D. J., Kimoto, M., King, A. D., Knutson, T. R., Lewis, S. C., Lin, R. P., Lyon, Bradfield, Massey, N., Mazza, E., Michaelsen, J., Mori, M., Mote, P. W., Nieto, Raquel, Otto, F. E. L., Park, J., Perkins, S. E., Rosier, S., Rowland, J., Rupp, D. E., Salas y Melia, D., Scherer, M., Shiogama, H., Shukla, S., Song, F. F., Sparrow, S., Stott, Peter A., Sutton, R., Sweet, W., Tett, S. F. B., Trigo, Ricardo M., Oldenborgh, G. J. van, Westrhenen, R. van, Verdin, J., Watanabe, M., Wittenberg, A. T., Woollings, Tim, Yiou, P., Zeng, F. R., Zervas, C., Zhang, R., Zhou, T. J., Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Extrèmes : Statistiques, Impacts et Régionalisation (ESTIMR), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, Potential impact, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate, 0207 environmental engineering, Física atmosférica, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Arctic ice pack, Sea surface temperature, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, Sea ice, Precipitation, Clima, 020701 environmental engineering, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Attribution of extreme events is a challenging science and one that is currently undergoing considerable evolution. In this paper are 19 analyses by 18 different research groups, often using quite different methodologies, of 12 extreme events that occurred in 2012. In addition to investigating the causes of these extreme events, the multiple analyses of four of the events, the high temperatures in the United States, the record low levels of Arctic sea ice, and the heavy rain in northern Europe and eastern Australia, provide an opportunity to compare and contrast the strengths and weaknesses of the various methodologies. The differences also provide insights into the structural uncertainty of event attribution, that is, the uncertainty that arises directly from the differences in analysis methodology. In these cases, there was considerable agreement between the different assessments of the same event. However, different events had very different causes. Approximately half the analyses found some evidence that anthropogenically caused climate change was a contributing factor to the extreme event examined, though the effects of natural fluctuations of weather and climate on the evolution of many of the extreme events played key roles as well.

Published
2013

39. Chapter 11 - Near-term climate change: Projections and predictability

Author

Kirtman, B., Power, S.B., Adedoyin, A.J., Boer, G.J., Bojariu, R., Camilloni, I., Doblas-Reyes, F., Fiore, A.M., Kimoto, M., Meehl, G., Prather, M., Sarr, A., Schar, C., Sutton, R., van Oldenborgh, G.J., Vecchi, G., Wang, H.-J., and IPCC

Abstract

This chapter assesses the scientific literature describing expectations for near-term climate (present through mid-century). Unless otherwise stated, "near-term" change and the projected changes below are for the period 2016-2035 relative to the reference period 1986-2005. Atmospheric composition (apart from CO2; see Chapter 12) and air quality projections through to 2100 are also assessed.

Published
2013

41. Dismantling of Arabidopsis thaliana mesophyll cell chloroplasts during natural leaf senescence

Author

Evans, I. M., Rus, A. M., Belanger, E. M., Kimoto, M., and Brusslan, J. A.

Subjects
Plant Leaves, Chloroplasts, Microscopy, Confocal, Microscopy, Electron, Transmission, RNA, Plant, Vacuoles, Arabidopsis, DNA, Chloroplast, food and beverages, RNA, Messenger, Article
Abstract

One of the earliest events in the process of leaf senescence is dismantling of chloroplasts. Mesophyll cell chloroplasts from rosette leaves were studied in Arabidopsis thaliana undergoing natural senescence. The number of chloroplasts decreased by only 17% in fully yellow leaves, and chloroplasts were found to undergo progressive photosynthetic and ultrastructural changes as senescence proceeded. In ultrastructural studies, an intact tonoplast could not be visualized, thus, a 35S-GFP::delta-TIP line with a GFP-labeled tonoplast was used to demonstrate that chloroplasts remain outside of the tonoplast even at late stages of senescence. Chloroplast DNA was measured by real-time PCR at four different chloroplast loci, and a fourfold decrease in chloroplast DNA per chloroplast was noted in yellow senescent leaves when compared to green leaves from plants of the same age. Although chloroplast DNA did decrease, the chloroplast/nuclear gene copy ratio was still 31:1 in yellow leaves. Interestingly, mRNA levels for the four loci differed: psbA and ndhB mRNAs remained abundant late into senescence, while rpoC1 and rbcL mRNAs decreased in parallel to chloroplast DNA. Together, these data demonstrate that, during senescence, chloroplasts remain outside of the vacuole as distinct organelles while the thylakoid membranes are dismantled internally. As thylakoids were dismantled, Rubisco large subunit, Lhcb1, and chloroplast DNA levels declined, but variable levels of mRNA persisted.

Published
2010

46. Reversible MR findings of hemolytic uremic syndrome with mild encephalopathy

Author

Ogura, H, Takaoka, M, Kishi, M, Kimoto, M, Shimazu, T, Yoshioka, T, and Sugimoto, H

Subjects
Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome, Brain, Humans, Female, Case Reports, Child, Escherichia coli O157, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Enteritis, Escherichia coli Infections, Brain Ischemia, Corpus Callosum
Abstract

We report the reversible MR findings in a 7-year-old girl with hemolytic uremic syndrome and mild encephalopathy. The splenium of the corpus callosum showed isointense to low signal intensity on T1-weighted images and high signal intensity on T2-weighted images, representing local edema. These findings returned to near normal on MR images obtained 1 week later. The patient recovered without CNS impairment.

Published
1998

47. Initialized near-term regional climate change prediction

Author

Doblas-Reyes, F. J., primary, Andreu-Burillo, I., additional, Chikamoto, Y., additional, García-Serrano, J., additional, Guemas, V., additional, Kimoto, M., additional, Mochizuki, T., additional, Rodrigues, L. R. L., additional, and van Oldenborgh, G. J., additional

Published
2013
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