Search

Intramolecular charge transfer spectra of o−, m− and p-nitrobenzene derivatives were measured in solutions with various solvents. Frequency shifts induced by solvents were analyzed on the basis of current theories of solvent effects on absorption spectra. Results show that the frequency shifts in the absorption bands of nitrobenzene derivatives can be interpreted as arising from both the electrostatic and hydrogen bonding interactions.

The intramolecular charge transfer spectra of some nitrobenzene derivatives were measured in n-hexane. The general features of the absorption spectra and the effect of substituents on the absorption spectra were considered from the concept of the intramolecular charge transfer. The migration effect of electron donating groups was discussed for the nitroaniline in aqueous and hydrochloric acidic solutions. Also other absorption due to the n→π* transition of nitro group was considered.

The purpous of the present study was to find the fundamental information on the viscous deformation of practically used steel making nozzle bricks at elevated temperatures. Creep curves were obtained at 1200°C and under loads in the range 0-10kg/cm2, then stress-strain curves were determined based on a mathematical criterion for separating the viscous portion of the deformation from the elastic and delayed elastic components. The shaps of all flow curves was similar to the plastic flow with a yield value.The temperature effect on viscosity was examined on a home product brick at temperatures in the range 1100°-1250°C with a result that log viscosity varied linearly with the reciprocal of the absolute temperature. The apparent activation energy of viscous flow could be estimated as 31.4kcal/mol.In order to investigate any internal structure changes during the load test, the microscopic observation was employed to compare the specimen before and after the test and from the results was considered the mechanism of deformation.