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Understanding the mechanism and impact of creative classes(CCs) on regional economic growth is important not only for academia but also for the policy makers, practitioners and so on. In recent years, various number of empirical studies based on the theory of creative class has been conducted around the world. However, the research on the mechanism of CCs and its impacts on regional economic growth in Japanese major cities is scarce, especially from the viewpoint of culture diversity and gender inequality. The purpose of this study is to clarify the culture diversity and gender inequality in CCs and its impacts on the economic growth of the cities by using the official statistical data in Japan. Specifically, it will construct the indicators of amenity, tolerance and job opportunity in addition with gender inequality to clarify the determinants of CCs in major cities and its impacts on regional economic growth and innovation by using structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis. Policy implication for a sustainable development of cities will also be derived from the analytical results., 経済発展の源泉であるイノベーションを創出する上で、創造性と多様性は不可欠な要素であり、クリエイティブ・クラス(Creative Class: CC)やクリエイティブ資本論にもとづく実証分析の蓄積が進んでいる。一方、人種や文化的な多様性がイノベーションに貢献するメカニズムに関する既存研究によれば、異文化コミュニケーションの障害を克服することができれば、外国人や移民の文化的な多様性から利益を引き出すことが可能であるとの結果が示されている。ところで、代表的な国際比較の結果によれば 、日本のクリエイティブ指数については、技術面は高いものの、人材や寛容性が低いことが示されている。しかしながら、日本の都市レベルを対象とした実証分析は少ない。さらに、文化的多様性と寛容性に着目した経済学的研究はほとんどない。そこで、本研究は、日本の主要都市を対象に、寛容性の果たす役割に着目しつつ、CCの分布を規定する要因とそれらが地域の持続的発展に及ぼす影響を計量経済学的に明らかにすることを目的とする。具体的には、アメニティ、寛容性及び雇用機会に関する諸変数を構築した上で、共分散構造分析を用いて、CCの分布の規定要因を明らかにするとともに、地域経済に及ぼす影響を明らかにする。最後に、持続的な都市発展を実現するための望ましい都市政策のあり方を考察する。

The purpose of this study is to examine the relation of external relationships and entrepreneurial infrastructure on the entrepreneurial orientation (EO) of tea manufacturing firms. An empirical survey was conducted with tea manufacturing firms located in a low grown area in Sri Lanka. Primary data were collected by administering a structured questionnaire at 109 tea factories. The findings indicated the importance of external relationships; specifically, relationships with supply chain partners and relationships with government facilitating institutions enhance the EO of tea manufacturing firms. However, relationships with other tea factories and educational and research institutions are not significant influences on firms’ EO in the context of the Sri Lankan tea industry. When considering the dimensions of EO, risk taking is influenced by external relationships and not innovativeness and proactiveness. Further, the entrepreneurial infrastructure provided by related institutions except other tea factories have positive links with EO. Such contributions are important to managers and policy makers to enhance the EO of tea manufacturing firms when facing competitiveness in the global market.

The aim of farm internships in Japan is to reveal the current status of the agricultural and foodstuffs industry as a place of employment through work experience at agricultural corporations, as well as improving employment through checking the suitability and skills of those prospective agricultural employees, therefore, it is considered that farm internships have the effect of improving the business environment and human resource development in agriculture. Although the number of participants in farm internships in Japan has been on the rise in recent years, on the other hand, the studies of farm internships centering on the current situation, and there is a severe shortage of comprehensive research such as theoretical and empirical analysis on the effectiveness of internships. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to shed light on the relationship between the business impact of farm internships and the business characteristics, based on existing internship theories. Methodology employed in this study is the multiple regression analysis of information from application forms and reports on the experience provided by those who participated in farm internship; reports on implementation status and grant application form provided by the agricultural corporations which received participants, as well as factor analysis of the business impact performed through text mining. The results of analyses show that interns and managers have different expectations in farm internships, and that the factors that define the level of their satisfaction also differ. In addition, factors that define achievement of employment differ from factors that define the satisfaction level of the interns and the managers, suggesting that it is not easy to combine satisfaction level and achieving employment. Therefore, for successful farm internships, it is necessary, first of all, for both interns and managers to understand what is expected from the internship, as well as to assess the content and the implementation method of the internship. Based on this, effective internship plans, guidelines, and manuals in implementing internships would be necessary., 近年、日本では農業インターンシップへの参加者数が増加傾向にあり、人材育成や経営環境の改善に効果があると期待されている。しかしながら、インターンシップの有効性に関する理論的・実証的分析などの総合的研究が極めて不足している。本研究は、インターンシップの理論に基づいて、農業インターンシップの事業効果と事業特性の関係を明らかにすることを目的としている。分析方法は農業インターンシップに参加した体験者の体験申込書、体験報告書および体験者を受け入れた農業法人の実施状況報告書兼交付申請書から得られた情報に基づいて重回帰分析およびテキストマイニングによって事業効果の要因分析を行う。分析の結果から、体験者と経営者とでは、農業インターンシップに期待するものが異なっており、それぞれの満足度を規定する要因も異なっている。また、雇用実現を規定する要因も、体験者満足度や経営者満足度を規定する要因とは異なることから、満足度と雇用実現の両立は容易ではないことが明らかとなった。したがって、農業インターンシップを効果的に実施するには、体験者と経営者がインターンシップに対する期待を把握しておくことが必要であり、効果的な体験メニューの作成、インターンシップ実施のガイドラインやマニュアルの作成が求められる。

Purpose of this study is to reconsider the issue of regional planning from the perspective of a new relationship between multi-functionality of agriculture and community-based business. The following three aspects are clarified using the questionnaire survey intended for the residents in Niigata City, Japan. First, the causal relationship between urbanization and the residents’ quality of life is analyzed. Secondarily, the determinants of overall evaluation of urban residents on the agriculture and farmland are clarified. Thirdly, the determinative factors of residents’intention to community-based business are clarified., 本稿の目的は、住民参加によるまちづくりの実現と農業の多面的機能ならびにコミュニティ・ビジネスの関係を明らかにすることである。そのために、まず、新潟市の住民に対するアンケート調査結果のクロス集計分析を通じて、都市化と生活の質に対する評価、地域資源や地域活動、農業・農地に対する評価の関係について考察を行う。次に、農業・農地の評価の決定要因を明らかにする。そして、住民の多様化したニーズを満たしつつ、地域資源を活かした住民参加によるまちづくりの方策の一つとして注目されているコミュニティ・ビジネスの推進意向の決定要因を明らかにする。