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Abstract Background Dietary patterns are important factors associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). We examined the association between dietary patterns derived from factor analysis and CVD risk factors. Methods In the present cross-sectional study, a total of 3,687 adults (aged 40 to 70 years) with one or more types of CVDs were enrolled as participants. A validated semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire was utilized to assess food intakes, and then dietary patterns were extracted by factor analysis. Fasting blood sugar (FBS), lipid profile, anthropometric indices, and blood pressure (BP) were measured. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analysis was employed to ascertain the odds ratio (OR) of CVD risk factors associated with posteriori dietary patterns. In this study, healthy and unhealthy dietary patterns were identified. Results Adherence to a healthy dietary pattern was associated with a decrease in systolic BP (SBP) (OR = 0.78; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.62–0.99) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (OR = 1.32; 95% CI: 1.06–1.64). Additionally, greater adherence to the unhealthy dietary pattern was positively associated with SBP (OR = 1.43; 95% CI: 1.13–1.80) and diastolic BP (DBP) (OR = 1.33; 95% CI: 1.01–1.76). Conclusions We concluded that greater adherence to an unhealthy dietary pattern was associated with an increase in SBP and DBP. On the other hand, greater adherence to a healthy dietary pattern could be effective in reducing SBP. Further investigation is recommended to validate these findings.

Background: Obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are considered as the main causes of liver-associatedmorbidity and mortality. Antioxidant administration was proposed as a remedy for liver problems such as steatohepatitis. This systematic review aimed to examine the effects of supplementation with various forms of Vitamin E on liver enzymes.Methods: To find relevant articles, in our systematic review article, we searched PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane library, and Web of Science up to 20 MAY, 2021. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effects of vitamin E supplementation, in isolation or combined with other nutrients, on liver health were included. After excluding irrelevant records, 21 studies remained.Results: According to the results of the included studies, vitamin E, especially α-Tocopherol or its co-supplementation with other antioxidants, at specific dosage could possibly have positive effects on improving liver functions and levels of Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) enzymes.Conclusion: Vitamin E,could possibly have positive effects on improving the liver function and the levels of ALT and AST enzymes.

Background: Due to the increasing prevalence of body image concern (BIC), especially in adolescent girls, and its potential associations with lifestyle factors and anthropometric indices, the present study was designed to evaluate the associations between BIC with anthropometric indices and dietary intake in adolescent girls. Methods: In this cross-section study, 210 adolescent girls aged 14-16 years were selected from high schools in Shiraz, Iran. Their anthropometric and demographic information were carefully recorded. Physical activity data were recorded through the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and information on dietary intake was collected using a 24-hour recall. To assess BIC, Littleton BIC questionnaire was applied. Regression analysis was used to assess the associations between variables. Results: Based on the results, 121 girls (55.8%) of the participants had no BIC, 70 (32.3%) had little, and 26 (12.0%) had medium BIC. Mean values of BMI, BMI for age centile, and z-scores were significantly different between BIC subgroups (P=0.008, 0.023, and 0.009, respectively). Mean values of height, and height for age centile, and z-scores were significantly different between BIC subgroups (P=0.018, 0.021, and 0.029, respectively). Risk of BIC increased, by 77% with 1 unit increase in z-score of height for age. Also, 1 kcal increase in daily energy intake led to 1% decrease in the risk of BIC. Conclusion: BIC was associated with lower calorie intake and higher z-score of height for age in adolescent girls.

Abstract Proper nutrition plays a vital role in modulating oxidative status. There is an increasing popularity of plant-based dietary patterns among athletes. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the plant-based diet index (PDI) score among male footballers and their non-athlete controls, as well as its relationship with oxidative biomarkers by evaluating the urinary excretion of F2alpha-isoprostane (F2a-IP) and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). A group of footballers (n = 45) and a healthy non-athlete group (n = 45) were selected. The two groups were matched based on body mass index (BMI) and age. The mean (standard deviation (SD)) age of the subjects was 22.88 (2.41) years, and their BMI was 22.08 (1.35) kg/m2. Anthropometric indices were evaluated, and fasting morning urine samples were analyzed to measure oxidative biomarkers. The PDI, unhealthy plant-based diet index (uPDI), and healthy plant-based diet index (hPDI) were calculated using valid food frequency questionnaire data. Generalized estimating equation models were used for all analyses. Compared to the non-athlete group, the PDI score was significantly greater in the footballer group (β = 9.8; P

Abstract Background The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) has increased in Iran, and determining the dietary patterns that can contribute to reducing or increasing the risk of CRC will help better control this disease. Therefore, in the current study, we assessed the association between the empirical lifestyle index for hyperinsulinemia (ELIH) and the empirical dietary index for hyperinsulinemia (EDIH) with the CRC odds. Methods The present case (n = 71)-control (n = 142) study was carried out in several CRC surgical units of hospitals in Tehran, Iran. A semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire containing 168 items was used to assess participants’ dietary intakes. The EDIH and ELIH scores were calculated by food groups and some variables such as body mass index and physical activity. Logistic regression models were applied to evaluate the association between the EDIH and ELIH scores with CRC odds. Results According to baseline features of the study participants, there were significant differences between the controls and cases in ELIH score, fiber intake, taking aspirin, and family history of CRC in first- and second-degree relatives. Also, we found that the odds of CRC increased significantly in the last tertile compared to the first tertile in EDIH and ELIH in the adjusted model (odds ratio (OR) = 3.12; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.30–7.48 and OR = 4.72; 95% CI: 1.15–19.39, respectively). Conclusions In conclusion, the result of this study indicated that CRC odds was significantly greater in subjects with higher EDIH and ELIH scores. Also, according to the results of this study, lifestyle and diet with insulinemic potential can influence the CRC risk.

Abstract Objective This study aimed to determine the quality of life (QOL), in patients with endometriosis ± infertility (B and C groups) and compare those to healthy women, and also infertile groups without endometriosis as a control groups (A and D), considering the fact that endometriosis and infertility reduces the quality of life in patients. Methods The present prospective comparative study was carried out between January 2018 and September 2020. A total of 400 women were included (100 women in each group). The participants filled in a validated questionnaire of quality of life, Endometriosis Health Profile-30 (EHP-30), and a visual analog scale of pain used, at the first visit, and 3 months after the medical or surgical treatment in the endometriosis group without infertility, additionally. Results The majority of the patients were married, categorized in the middle-class of socio-economic state and housewives. They were of Persian descent. BMI was high in the infertile groups; however, the time of infertility was not different between the two groups of B and C (P = 0.054). The mean score of QOL was significantly lower in B, C, and D groups in comparison to the healthy women as the control group (A) (P

Abstract Background: Infertility has been a major problem for young couples in recent years. One way to assay the diet quality is the healthy eating index (HEI), related to infertility. Objective: This study aims to assess the association between the HEI score with semen parameters in Iranian infertile men. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and sixty eligible men (18-55 yr), were referred to the major infertility clinic in the summer of 2018 and entered this cross-sectional study. Based on the 5 th edition of the world health organization laboratory manual, semen parameters including sperm concentration, volume, motility, and morphology were analyzed, and to specify the dietary intake of individuals a 168-item questionnaire was used. Also, to calculate the total HEI score, all 13 components based on HEI-2015 components and scoring standards were summed up. Results: Participants in the highest tertile, had no difference in mean sperm parameters with those in the lowest tertile in the crude model. No significant association was found between sperm parameters and HEI score tertiles in the crude model, even after adjustment for potential confounders, except for concentration (OR: 0.39 and CI: 0.15, 0.99, p = 0.04). Participants in the highest tertile had a lower risk of abnormal concentration and motility in the crude model. The risk of abnormal concentration decreased, and motility increased in the adjusted model. Conclusion: In this cross-sectional study, there was no significant relationship between HEI and sperm indexes, except for sperm concentration. Therefore, more studies need to be done in the future.

Background: Infertility is a major clinical problem that affects people psychologically and medically. For the past 40 years, studies have linked nearly 50% of childlessness to male infertility. It is worth noting that unlike other factors contributing to infertility, diet is a tunable factor and can be applied in counseling infertile men. The goal of this study was to determine the relationship between plant diet index (PDI) and semen parameters in Iranian infertile men.Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, dietary intake was determined by a valid 168-item questionnaire (FFQ). In this study, four dependent semen parameters, including total sperm motility (TSM), sperm concentration (SC), normal sperm morphology (NSM), and semen volume (SV) were measured.Results: Results of this study stated that greater adherence to the healthful plant-based diet index (hPDI), can significantly increase sperm density and motility in men, as well as greater adherence to the PDI dietary pattern is related to a lower risk of sperm volume deficiency, and ultimately more adherence to the unhealthful plant-based diet index (uPDI), can reduce the risk of sperm motility.Conclusion: In this study, for the first time, the relationship between PDI, hPDI, uPDI and male infertility was evaluated. Altogether, this study demonstrated that nutrition has an impact on semen quality and fertility of men.

The global number of hemodialysis patients has an increasing trend and is still one of the most important protein-energy malnutrition with high morbidity and mortality. Therefore, proper assessment of nutritional status of these patients seems essential. In this review, we compared several methods of nutritional assessment in these patients. It was shown that subjective methods such as subjective global assessment (SGA) were widely used with good validity and accuracy. Malnutrition-inflammation score (MIS) as another common method evaluated the patient’s physical and mental condition based on the level of inflammation. Mini Nutrition Assessment (MNA) as another method assessed the nutritional status of elderly hemodialysis patients, but the interpretation of the results is based on the specific conditions of renal patients. Assessment of body composition by bioelectrical impedance has been one of the most accurate nutritional assessment methods predicting the risk of malnutrition based on the amount of lean tissue loss in the body, but it requires advanced equipment and high financial cost. There are other assessment methods, such as normalized protein catabolic ratio (nPCR) that tries to determine malnutrition based on the amount of dietary protein intake, which is nearly the metabolized protein in the body. Using them alone or in combination with other methods was demonstrated to be beneficial.