Search

Cosmetic and laser procedures are increasingly popular among patients and are skills in which dermatologists are regarded as well trained. Most dermatology residents intend to incorporate cosmetic procedures into their practice and prefer to learn such procedures during residency through direct patient care. However, there are notable challenges in optimizing how residents are trained in cosmetic and laser dermatology. To address these barriers and elevate the practice of cosmetic dermatology in academic medicine, the Association of Academic Cosmetic Dermatology (AACD) was founded in 2021 as the lead professional society for dermatologists who direct the education of resident trainees in cosmetic and laser dermatology. The AACD,a group of board-certified dermatologists who teach cosmetic and laser dermatology to residents, aims to improve cosmetic dermatology education through collaboration, research, and advocacy.

Cosmetic dermatology is a key subspecialty of academic dermatology. As such, academic centers are expected to demonstrate excellence in the teaching of cosmetic dermatology skills to trainees, the clinical delivery of cosmetic dermatology services to patients, and the performance of clinical research that advances knowledge and uncovers new therapies in cosmetic dermatology. The Association of Academic Cosmetic Dermatology (AACD), a newly formed medical professional society, includes as its principal aims the support of all of these areas. AACD is comprised of group of board-certified dermatologists who teach cosmetic and laser dermatology at US dermatology residency programs. An expert panel constituted by the AACD recently convened a workshop to review gaps pertaining to academic cosmetic dermatology. This panel considered needs and potential corrective initiatives in three domains: resident education, patient experience, and clinical research. The work of the panel was used to develop a roadmap, which was adopted by consensus, and which will serve to guide the AACD moving forward.

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection has become the gold standard for diagnosis and typing of enterovirus (EV) and human parechovirus (HPeV) infections. Its effectiveness depends critically on using the appropriate sample types and high assay sensitivity as viral loads in cerebrospinal fluid samples from meningitis and sepsis clinical presentation can be extremely low. This study evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of currently used commercial and in‐house diagnostic and typing assays. Accurately quantified RNA transcript controls were distributed to 27 diagnostic and 12 reference laboratories in 17 European countries for blinded testing. Transcripts represented the four human EV species (EV‐A71, echovirus 30, coxsackie A virus 21, and EV‐D68), HPeV3, and specificity controls. Reported results from 48 in‐house and 15 commercial assays showed 98% detection frequencies of high copy (1000 RNA copies/5 µL) transcripts. In‐house assays showed significantly greater detection frequencies of the low copy (10 copies/5 µL) EV and HPeV transcripts (81% and 86%, respectively) compared with commercial assays (56%, 50%; P = 7 × 10−5). EV‐specific PCRs showed low cross‐reactivity with human rhinovirus C (3 of 42 tests) and infrequent positivity in the negative control (2 of 63 tests). Most or all high copy EV and HPeV controls were successfully typed (88%, 100%) by reference laboratories, but showed reduced effectiveness for low copy controls (41%, 67%). Stabilized RNA transcripts provide an effective, logistically simple and inexpensive reagent for evaluation of diagnostic assay performance. The study provides reassurance of the performance of the many in‐house assay formats used across Europe. However, it identified often substantially reduced sensitivities of commercial assays often used as point‐of‐care tests. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Medical Virology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Ein Hindernis auf dem Weg zur Nutzung von nachwachsenden Rohstoffen zur Herstellung von Kraftstoffen ist der Mangel an optimalen Katalysatoren. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit besteht darin, die Aktivität der Katalysatoren für die Teerreformierung und die Methanisierung durch die Verwendung eines gemeinsamen aktiven Metalls auf einem neuartigen Katalysatorträger zu verbessern. Als Trägermaterial wird Carbon Aerogel aus mikrofibrillierter Cellulose verwendet. Durch Formgebung, Gefrieren, Gefriertrocknen und Karbonisieren wurde ein monolithischer Katalysatorträger hergestellt. Der Träger wurde mit Nickel durch verschiedene Methoden präpariert. Der Katalysator und der Träger wurden charakterisiert und in verschiedenen Katalysatorprüfständen bezüglich der katalytischen Teerreformierung und CO-Methanisierung getestet. Durch die Anpassung der Synthese wurde der Carbon-Aerogel-Katalysatorträger auf einen kommerziellen Maßstab hochskaliert.

Sedentary behaviour is a risk factor for comorbidities and mortality regardless of physicalactivity level. Experimental data show interrupting prolonged sitting is beneficially associatedwith metabolic risk. This study therefore investigated the acute effects of interruptingprolonged sitting with light-intensity walking on postprandial hyperglycemia in healthy adults.This study involved thirty normoglycemic participants. Each of the study participants weregiven a standard 75-grams glucose. The treatment of the participants was divided into twotrials. First, the control trial, the participants were instructed to sit for five straight hours. Theprofile of changes in blood glucose was taken at an inverval of 30 minutes from minutes 0, 30,90, 120, 180, 240, and 300. Second, the experimental trial where the participants wereinstructed to take a short walk for 3 minutes then sit for 27 minutes. Data were analyzed usingpaired T-test. There were no significant data difference at the baseline between trials. Therewere no significant changes in all the point of blood glucose recordings except at 120 minutes,where the postprandial blood glucose of the experimental trial with light-intensity walking wassignificantly lower than that of control trial. The main finding of this study was that breakingup sitting time with short bouts of light-intensity activity attenuated postprandialhyperglycemia. The light-intensity walking attenuated the postprandial hyperglycemia albeitnot significant statistically except at the 120 minutes time point. Postprandial hyperglycemiais a cardiovascular risk factor in people with Type 2 diabetes and even in nondiabetics.Reducing postprandial hyperglycemia improves inflammation and endothelial function andreduces carotid intima-media thickness. Frequent brief interruptions to prolonged sitting withlight-intensity walking, impart beneficial postprandial responses. Further study isrecommended on more prolonged light-intensity bouts of activity and shorter period of sitting.

Individuals with high levels of sedentary time may have significantly increased the relative riskof diabetes, cardiovascular events, cardiovascular mortality, and all-cause mortality,respectively. This study examined the acute effects of interrupting prolonged sitting with lightintensity calisthenics on postprandial hyperglycemia in healthy adults. Thirty normoglycemicuniversity students participated in this research. Each participant consumed standard 75-gramsglucose. The treatment was divided into two trials. First, the control trial, the participants wereinstructed to sit for five straight hours. The profile of changes in blood glucose was taken at aninterval of 30 minutes from minutes 0, 30, 90, 120, 180, 240, and 300. Second, theexperimental trial was the same with the control trial except that the participants did lightintensity calisthenics for 3 minutes then sit for 27 minutes, repeating this activity at the 30-minute intervals. Data were analyzed using a paired T-test. The baseline data between trialswere not significantly different in some points of blood glucose recording. There was adecrease in the blood glucose level of the experimental group. However, those decrementswere not significant statistically. This study found that interrupting sitting time with shortbouts of light-intensity calisthenics reduced postprandial hyperglycemia. However, this lightintensity activity reduced the postprandial hyperglycemia although not at a significant level.Given these positive effects observed in healthy participants, it seems prudent to regularlybreak periods of prolonged sitting with brief bouts of activity. Further study is recommendedon more frequent light-intensity bouts of exercise and shorter periods of uninterrupted sittingand at a higher intensity.

Since childhood obesity is linked with an increased risk of obesity in adulthood, obesity inchildren and adolescence brings a multitude of adverse health outcomes including, but notlimited to cardiovascular disease, sleep apnea, diabetes, some forms of cancer, hypertension,and death. This study focuses on analytical evaluation of disparities of childhood obesity inlow socioeconomic status and racial/ethnic populations. The analytical review was conductedon the literature available online focusing five dimensions for the analysis is expressed in thefollowing points: (1) What is evel of incidence of childhood obesity in the United States, (2)What is definition of childhood obesity? (3) What are the factors that impact obesity? (4) Whatis the appropriate theoretical framework for research on childhood obesity? (5) What are theknowledge gaps and the recommended future research? The prevalence of obesity in childrenand adolescents is very alarming and needs to be addressed because this health status, beingoverweight/obese, has a significant and unfavorable impact on not only the health of youngAmericans today but also the future health of young Americans. Using the percentile categoriesto determine childhood obesity, there are noteworthy differences when comparing obesity ratesby race/ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic status. There was no significant correlationbetween race/ethnicity and overweight/obese when controlling the income. When addressingdisparities in childhood obesity it is important to understand not only the causes of obesity, butalso other factors which may amplify the causes of obesity. Socioeconomic status duringchildhood, being male, white, has a high possibility of adiposity in adolescence. Exposure tomedia and marketing, the reduced access and availability of quality and affordable foodproducts is an example of a factor that may amplify the cause of obesity.

Summary Background Enteroviruses can cause severe infections, especially in young children. Non-polio enterovirus infections are not notifiable in most countries in the EU and European Economic Area (EEA) region, and surveillance varies substantially between countries. We collected and analysed available enterovirus data across EU and EEA countries to assess the current epidemiological situation and need for standardising surveillance. Methods Aggregated data on any enterovirus detected between Jan 1, 2015, and Dec 31, 2017, through national enterovirus reference laboratories were requested from representatives in all 31 EU and EEA countries. Information collected included enterovirus types detected by month, patient age group, symptom, and specimen type. We also collected sequence data on viral capsid sequences for the three most clinically relevant enterovirus types, as identified from the data. Findings Aggregated data were provided by representatives from 24 (77%) of 31 countries. 9914 (66%) of 14 999 enterovirus infections with information about age were in children younger than 5 years, and 3197 (45%) of 7139 individuals for whom symptoms were reported had neurological symptoms. Other symptoms were non-specific fever (in 1607 [23%] patients), respiratory symptoms (in 1197 [17%] patients), hand, foot, and mouth disease (in 528 [7% patients), and myocarditis (in 39 [1%] patients). 68 deaths were temporally associated with enterovirus infection. Typing for 11 559 (67%) of 17 136 specimens revealed 66 enterovirus types. Coxsackievirus A6 was the most frequently detected enterovirus type (in 1556 [13%] of 11 559 typed enteroviruses), and 292 (65%) of 448 patients with coxsackievirus A6 infection with available clinical data presented with hand, foot, and mouth disease. Echovirus 30 was the second most frequently detected enterovirus type, representing 1412 (12%) of 11 559 typed enteroviruses, and 384 (82%) of 467 individuals with echovirus 30 infection with available clinical data had neurological symptoms. Sequences available from 18 countries showed circulation of newly emerging strains of enterovirus A71 and enterovirus D68. Interpretation To our knowledge, this study is the largest investigation of enterovirus circulation in EU and EEA countries and confirms the availability of non-polio enterovirus data in the region. Our study highlights the wide circulation of non-polio enteroviruses in Europe, mostly affecting young children and leading to neurological symptoms. Collecting data on morbidity and mortality related to enterovirus infections, as well as harmonising case definition for surveillance, should be encouraged. Funding None.

International audience; In 2016, an upsurge of neurologic disease associated with infection with multirecombinant enterovirus A71 subgenogroup C1 lineage viruses was reported in France. These viruses emerged in the 2000s; 1 recombinant is widespread. This virus lineage has the potential to be associated with a long-term risk for severe disease among children.

Recent parechovirus A3 (PeV-A3) outbreaks in Australia suggest lower population immunity compared with regions that have endemic PeV-A3 circulation. A serosurvey among populations in the Netherlands, the United States, and Australia before and after the 2013 Australia outbreak showed high PeV-A3 neutralizing antibody prevalence across all regions and time periods, indicating widespread circulation.

Rapid detection of infection is essential for stopping the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The Roche SD Biosensor rapid antigen test for SARS-CoV-2 was evaluated in a nonhospitalized symptomatic population. We rapid-tested a sample onsite and compared results with those from reverse transcription PCR and virus culture. We analyzed date of onset and symptoms using data from a clinical questionnaire. Overall test sensitivity was 84.9% (95% CI 79.1-89.4) and specifi city was 99.5% (95% CI 98.7-99.8). Sensitivity increased to 95.8% (95% CI 90.5-98.2) for persons who sought care within 7 days of symptom onset. Test band intensity and time to result correlated strongly with viral load; thus, strong positive results could be read before the recommended time. Approximately 98% of all viable specimens with cycle threshold