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1. Predicting anxiety treatment outcome in community mental health services using linked health administrative data

Author: Kevin E. K. Chai, Kyran Graham-Schmidt, Crystal M. Y. Lee, Daniel Rock, Mathew Coleman, Kim S. Betts, Suzanne Robinson, and Peter M. McEvoy
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Abstract Anxiety disorders is ranked as the most common class of mental illness disorders globally, affecting hundreds of millions of people and significantly impacting daily life. Developing reliable predictive models for anxiety treatment outcomes holds immense potential to help guide the development of personalised care, optimise resource allocation and improve patient outcomes. This research investigates whether community mental health treatment for anxiety disorder is associated with reliable changes in Kessler psychological distress scale (K10) scores and whether pre-treatment K10 scores and past health service interactions can accurately predict reliable change (improvement). The K10 assessment was administered to 46,938 public patients in a community setting within the Western Australia dataset in 2005–2022; of whom 3794 in 4067 episodes of care were reassessed at least twice for anxiety disorders, obsessive–compulsive disorder, or reaction to severe stress and adjustment disorders (ICD-10 codes F40–F43). Reliable change on the K10 was calculated and used with the post-treatment score as the outcome variables. Machine learning models were developed using features from a large health service administrative linked dataset that includes the pre-treatment K10 assessment as well as community mental health episodes of care, emergency department presentations, and inpatient admissions for prediction. The classification model achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.76 as well as an F1 score, precision and recall of 0.69, and the regression model achieved an R2 of 0.37 with mean absolute error of 5.58 on the test dataset. While the prediction models achieved moderate performance, they also underscore the necessity for regular patient monitoring and the collection of more clinically relevant and contextual patient data to further improve prediction of treatment outcomes.
Published: 2024
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2. Will I fit? The impact of social and identity determinants on teamwork in engineering education

Author: Shayna Earle, Madison McDonald, Esra Bengizi, and Kim S. Jones
Subjects: gender, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, teamwork, focus groups, Education (General), L7-991
Abstract: In engineering as with many STEM spaces, the environment delivers many cues that affect psychological fit, which affects choices students make. Teamwork experiences can be particularly challenging for equity-deserving students. Using focus groups at a medium-sized multi-cultural Canadian university, we examined how engineering students navigated and experienced teamwork and how that interacted with social determinants (e.g., money and time constraints) and identity, including gender, race, and sexuality. We used the framework of State Authenticity as Fit to Environment to develop themes of teamwork choices, experiences, and outcomes. Social fit (respect from peers) and self-concept fit (whether self-image matches stereotype) affected many choices and experiences including selection of teammates with similar identities or allies. Women and low socio-economic status students sought self-concept fit by avoiding coding within teams. Visibly under-represented students felt pressure to excel to validate self-concept fit. The team environment itself sent messages about social and self-concept fit to many students, though the focus on collaboration and applications with social benefits often aligned with goal fit. These fit-guided choices and threats to fit nudged many students away from engineering careers. Interventions to address factors that cause negative experiences for marginalized students include strategic group composition, supporting mentorship and affinity groups, rotating group roles, structured collaboration, inclusive teamwork training and increasing diversity.
Published: 2024
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3. Factors impacting the timing of reproductive development in female Antarctic krill at the northwestern Antarctic Peninsula

Author: Kirsten B. Steinke, Kim S. Bernard, Christian S. Reiss, Jennifer Walsh, Giancarlo M. Correa, and Sharon E. Stammerjohn
Subjects: Antarctic krill, reproduction, environmental variability, climate, ecology, Science, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, QH1-199.5
Abstract: The northwestern Antarctic Peninsula is an important spawning, recruitment, and overwintering ground for Antarctic krill. The region is warming rapidly, and the current impacts of climate and environmental variability on the reproductive cycle of krill remain unclear. Here, we examine the reproductive stage of female krill in the austral winter from 2012 to 2016 in relation to climate and environmental data to assess what factors influence the timing of reproductive development. We observed significant interannual variability in the degree of maturation in female krill, ranging from 48% of female krill measured at a station in 2016 to a maximum of 94% of female krill measured at a station in 2014. On average, across all five years, three-quarters of the female krill sampled were in the stage known as previtellogenesis, the point at which the onset of sexual maturity begins. The preceding spring, summer, and autumn Southern Annular Mode and the Multivariate El Niño Index explained most of the variance in the data and indicated a strong, preconditioning storm-related effect on environmental conditions leading up to winter, affecting krill maturation status at the end of the winter season. Results from our study can be used to improve krill population models that are necessary for the management of the krill fishery and for conservation at the northwestern Antarctic Peninsula.
Published: 2024
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4. The state of the science on the health benefits of blueberries: a perspective

Author: April J. Stull, Aedín Cassidy, Luc Djousse, Sarah A. Johnson, Robert Krikorian, Johanna W. Lampe, Kenneth J. Mukamal, David C. Nieman, Kathryn N. Porter Starr, Heather Rasmussen, Eric B. Rimm, Kim S. Stote, and Christy Tangney
Subjects: blueberry, anthocyanins, cardiovascular disease, cognitive function, exercise, gut microbiome, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641
Abstract: Mounting evidence indicates that blueberry consumption is associated with a variety of health benefits. It has been suggested that regular consumption of blueberries can support and/or protect against cardiovascular disease and function, pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes, and brain and cognitive function in individuals with health conditions and age-related decline. Further, mechanistic investigations highlight the role of blueberry anthocyanins in mediating these health benefits, in part through interactions with gut microbiota. Also, nutritional interventions with blueberries have demonstrated the ability to improve recovery following exercise-induced muscle damage, attributable to anti-inflammatory effects. Despite these advancements in blueberry health research, research gaps persist which affects the generalizability of findings from clinical trials. To evaluate the current state of knowledge and research gaps, a blueberry health roundtable with scientific experts convened in Washington, DC (December 6–7, 2022). Discussions centered around five research domains: cardiovascular health, pre-diabetes and diabetes, brain health and cognitive function, gut health, and exercise recovery. This article synthesizes the outcomes of a blueberry research roundtable discussion among researchers in these domains, offering insights into the health benefits of blueberries and delineating research gaps and future research directions.
Published: 2024
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5. Whole transcriptome screening for novel genes involved in meiosis and fertility in Drosophila melanogaster

Author: Siqi Sun, Tyler Defosse, Ayla Boyd, Joel Sop, Faith Verderose, Diya Surray, Mark Aziz, Margaret Howland, Siwen Wu, Neha Changela, Janet Jang, Karen Schindler, Jinchuan Xing, and Kim S. McKim
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Abstract Reproductive success requires the development of viable oocytes and the accurate segregation of chromosomes during meiosis. Failure to segregate chromosomes properly can lead to infertility, miscarriages, or developmental disorders. A variety of factors contribute to accurate chromosome segregation and oocyte development, such as spindle assembly and sister chromatid cohesion. However, many proteins required for meiosis remain unknown. In this study, we aimed to develop a screening pipeline for identifying novel meiotic and fertility genes using the genome of Drosophila melanogaster. To accomplish this goal, genes upregulated within meiotically active tissues were identified. More than 240 genes with no known function were silenced using RNA interference (RNAi) and the effects on meiosis and fertility were assessed. We identified 94 genes that when silenced caused infertility and/or high levels of chromosomal nondisjunction. The vast majority of these genes have human and mouse homologs that are also poorly studied. Through this screening process, we identified novel genes that are crucial for meiosis and oocyte development but have not been extensively studied in human or model organisms. Understanding the function of these genes will be an important step towards the understanding of their biological significance during reproduction.
Published: 2024
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6. Observing change in pelagic animals as sampling methods shift: the case of Antarctic krill

Author: Simeon L. Hill, Angus Atkinson, Javier A. Arata, Anna Belcher, Susan Bengtson Nash, Kim S. Bernard, Alison Cleary, John A. Conroy, Ryan Driscoll, Sophie Fielding, Hauke Flores, Jaume Forcada, Svenja Halfter, Jefferson T. Hinke, Luis Hückstädt, Nadine M. Johnston, Mary Kane, So Kawaguchi, Bjørn A. Krafft, Lucas Krüger, Hyoung Sul La, Cecilia M. Liszka, Bettina Meyer, Eugene J. Murphy, Evgeny A. Pakhomov, Frances Perry, Andrea Piñones, Michael J. Polito, Keith Reid, Christian Reiss, Emilce Rombola, Ryan A. Saunders, Katrin Schmidt, Zephyr T. Sylvester, Akinori Takahashi, Geraint A. Tarling, Phil N. Trathan, Devi Veytia, George M. Watters, José C. Xavier, and Guang Yang
Subjects: ecosystem monitoring, population change, Antarctic kill, fishery management, new technologies, Science, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, QH1-199.5
Abstract: Understanding and managing the response of marine ecosystems to human pressures including climate change requires reliable large-scale and multi-decadal information on the state of key populations. These populations include the pelagic animals that support ecosystem services including carbon export and fisheries. The use of research vessels to collect information using scientific nets and acoustics is being replaced with technologies such as autonomous moorings, gliders, and meta-genetics. Paradoxically, these newer methods sample pelagic populations at ever-smaller spatial scales, and ecological change might go undetected in the time needed to build up large-scale, long time series. These global-scale issues are epitomised by Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba), which is concentrated in rapidly warming areas, exports substantial quantities of carbon and supports an expanding fishery, but opinion is divided on how resilient their stocks are to climatic change. Based on a workshop of 137 krill experts we identify the challenges of observing climate change impacts with shifting sampling methods and suggest three tractable solutions. These are to: improve overlap and calibration of new with traditional methods; improve communication to harmonise, link and scale up the capacity of new but localised sampling programs; and expand opportunities from other research platforms and data sources, including the fishing industry. Contrasting evidence for both change and stability in krill stocks illustrates how the risks of false negative and false positive diagnoses of change are related to the temporal and spatial scale of sampling. Given the uncertainty about how krill are responding to rapid warming we recommend a shift towards a fishery management approach that prioritises monitoring of stock status and can adapt to variability and change.
Published: 2024
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7. Editorial: Industrialization and commercialization in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: 2022/2023

Author: Kim S. Siow, Wen Shi, and Behnam Akhavan
Subjects: skin regeneration, nanofiber, antibaceterial, tissue engineering, bioprinting, Biotechnology, TP248.13-248.65
Published: 2024
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8. Hyperlipasemia in dogs with acute kidney injury treated with and without hemodialysis

Author: Kim S. Bendeler, Judith Howard, Thierry Francey, Ariane Schweighauser, and Laureen M. Peters
Subjects: acute pancreatitis, canine, lipase, pancreatic enzymes, renal replacement therapy, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
Abstract: Abstract Background Hyperlipasemia has been reported in dogs with acute kidney injury (AKI) but associations with AKI severity, hemodialysis (HD) treatment, and outcome have not been extensively evaluated. Objectives Investigate the prevalence and clinical relevance of hyperlipasemia in dogs with AKI, treated with and without HD. Animals Client‐owned dogs (n = 125) with AKI. Methods Retrospective data extraction from medical records, including signalment, cause of AKI, duration of hospitalization, survival, plasma creatinine concentration, and 1,2‐o‐dilauryl‐rac‐glycero‐3‐glutaric acid‐(6′‐methyresorufin) ester (DGGR) lipase activity at admission and throughout hospitalization. Results A DGGR‐lipase activity >3× the upper reference limit (URL) was found in 28.8% and 55.4% of dogs at admission and during hospitalization, respectively, but only 8.8% and 14.9% of dogs, respectively, were diagnosed with acute pancreatitis. Hyperlipasemia >10 × URL was observed in 32.7% of dogs during hospitalization. The DGGR‐lipase activity was higher in dogs with International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) Grades 4–5 than Grades 1–3, but correlation between DGGR‐lipase activity and creatinine concentration was poor (rs = .22; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 0.04–0.38). Treatment with HD was not associated with DGGR‐lipase activity independent of IRIS grade. Survival to discharge and 30 days after admission was 65.6% and 59.6%, respectively. High IRIS grades (P = .03) and high DGGR‐lipase activity at admission (P = .02) and during hospitalization (P = .003) were associated with nonsurvival. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Hyperlipasemia is frequent and often marked in dogs with AKI despite only a minority being diagnosed with pancreatitis. Hyperlipasemia is associated with AKI severity but not independently with HD treatment. High IRIS grade and hyperlipasemia were associated with nonsurvival.
Published: 2023
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9. Superior sinterability of copper oxalate-coated Cu particles in a double reductant system and rapid compression sinter-bonding characteristics between Cu finishes

Author: Doyeop Namgoong, Yeongjung Kim, Kim S. Siow, and Jong-Hyun Lee
Subjects: Copper oxalate coating, Cu particle filler, High-speed sinter-bonding, In situ decomposition, Near-full-density, Shear strength, Mining engineering. Metallurgy, TN1-997
Abstract: High-speed die attachment by compression (2 MPa) sinter-bonding at 300 °C in air was accomplished using a paste containing bimodal-sized (average sizes: 2 μm and 340 nm) copper oxalate-coated Cu particles, yielding a Cu-to-Cu bonding owing to the formation of a Cu bond line that can provide mechanical durability at high temperatures and excellent thermal conductivity. The particles were fabricated by immersing Cu particles in an oxalic acid solution, and a double reductant recipe was adopted to minimize the oxidation of the Cu particles and Cu finishes. The copper oxalate coatings inhibited the oxidation of Cu particles until decomposition at 290 °C, and the in-situ decomposition induced the generation of active Cu atoms, which significantly elevated the sinterability. Therefore, a sufficient shear strength exceeding 20 MPa and a near-full-density bond-line structure were achieved after bonding for only 1 and 3 min, respectively. Furthermore, the bond line did not contain an organic residue, differently observed in a paste directly including carboxylic acid. Therefore, the suggested paste formulation demonstrates the feasibility of a rapid solid-state sinter-bonding technique using low-cost Cu particles.
Published: 2023
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10. Estimating the Impact of Climate and Vegetation Changes on Runoff Risk across the Hawaiian Landscape

Author: Lucas Berio Fortini, Lauren R. Kaiser, Kim S. Perkins, Lulin Xue, and Yaping Wang
Subjects: infiltration, excess rainfall, rainfall intensity, runoff, ecohydrology, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract: In Hawai’i, ecosystem conservation practitioners are increasingly considering the potential ecohydrological benefits from applied conservation action to mitigate the degrading impacts of runoff on native and restored ecosystems. One determinant of runoff is excess rainfall events where rainfall rates exceed the infiltration capacity of soils. To help understand runoff risks, we calculated the probability of excess rainfall events across the Hawaiian landscape by comparing the probability distributions of projected rainfall frequency and land-cover-specific infiltration capacity. We characterized soil infiltration capacity based on different land cover types (bare soil, grasses, and woody vegetation) and compared them to the frequency of large rainfall events under current and future climate scenarios. We then mapped the potential risk of excess rainfall across the main Hawaiian Islands. Our results show that land cover type has a very large effect on runoff risk as excess rainfall conditions are 234% more likely in bare soil and 75% more likely in grasslands compared to woody forests and shrublands. In contrast, projected shifts in rainfall intensity by end-of-century show little impact on these probabilities and thus, the risk of runoff. This indicates that the probability of excess rainfall is primarily driven by differences in land cover and not by current or potential shifts in rainfall patterns across the Hawaiian landscape. The ability to estimate the risk of potentially ecologically and economically costly runoff based on changes of land cover is useful for managers focused on invasive species control and restoration planning, especially for native and endemic ecosystems unique to the State of Hawai’i.
Published: 2023
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11. Peripheral nerve injuries in children—prevalence, mechanisms and concomitant injuries: a major trauma center’s experience

Author: Martin Aman, Kim S. Zimmermann, Arne H. Boecker, Mirjam Thielen, Florian Falkner, Simeon Daeschler, Annette Stolle, Ulrich Kneser, and Leila Harhaus
Subjects: Peripheral nerve injury, Pediatric nerve injury, Trauma, Epidemiology, Reconstruction, Nerve treatment, Medicine
Abstract: Abstract Background Peripheral nerve injuries are severe conditions with potential lifelong impairment, which is especially meaningful for the pediatric population. Knowledge on prevalence, injury mechanisms and concomitant injuries is, therefore, of utmost importance to increase clinician awareness and enable early diagnosis and treatment. As current literature on pediatric nerve lesions and concomitant injuries is scarce, we aimed to analyze all details of our patient population. Methods A total of 110 667 patients treated at our level 1 trauma center from 2012 to 2021 were evaluated for pediatric peripheral nerve injuries, causes, concomitant injuries and assessed for lesion classification (in continuity, partial lesion, dissection) and further relevant intraoperative findings. Results We found 5026 patients of all ages with peripheral nerve lesions, whereof 288 were pediatric, resulting in a prevalence of 5.7% of pediatric patients with nerve injuries. Mean age was 12.4 ± 4.6 years. Most common lesions were digital nerves (48.2%), followed by median (14.9%), ulnar (14.6%), radial (8.8%), peroneal nerve (5.2%) and brachial plexus injuries (2.1%). Of all pediatric nerve injuries, 3.8% were iatrogenic, only 30.2% had preserved continuity and 47.3% a concomitant vessel injury. Fractures were accompanied in 22.6%. Discussion We observed that a large proportion of injures had complete transections, often accompanied by concomitant vessel injuries especially in distally located injuries, highlighting the importance of early surgical exploration. Radial, ulnar and lower extremity nerve injuries were often associated with fractures. Early surgical nerve repair is key to improve motor and sensory outcomes. Knowledge on mechanisms and concomitant injuries facilitates timely diagnosis and treatment, thereby potentially preventing lifelong impairment.
Published: 2023
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12. Extracellular matrix complexity in biomarker studies: a novel assay detecting total serum tenascin-C reveals different distribution to isoform-specific assays

Author: James Ozanne, Mel Lewis, Anja Schwenzer, Dominic Kurian, Jeff Brady, David Pritchard, Gerry McLachlan, Colin Farquharson, and Kim S. Midwood
Subjects: extracellular matrix, tenascin-C, alternative splicing, citrullination, biomarker, serum, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract: Serum biomarkers are the gold standard in non-invasive disease diagnosis and have tremendous potential as prognostic and theranostic tools for patient stratification. Circulating levels of extracellular matrix molecules are gaining traction as an easily accessible means to assess tissue pathology. However, matrix molecules are large, multimodular proteins that are subject to a vast array of post-transcriptional and post-translational modifications. These modifications often occur in a tissue- and/or disease-specific manner, generating hundreds of different variants, each with distinct biological roles. Whilst this complexity can offer unique insight into disease processes, it also has the potential to confound biomarker studies. Tenascin-C is a pro-inflammatory matrix protein expressed at low levels in most healthy tissues but elevated in, and associated with the pathogenesis of, a wide range of autoimmune diseases, fibrosis, and cancer. Analysis of circulating tenascin-C has been widely explored as a disease biomarker. Hundreds of different tenascin-C isoforms can be generated by alternative splicing, and this protein is also modified by glycosylation and citrullination. Current enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) are used to measure serum tenascin-C using antibodies, recognising sites within domains that are alternatively spliced. These studies, therefore, report only levels of specific isoforms that contain these domains, and studies on the detection of total tenascin-C are lacking. As such, circulating tenascin-C levels may be underestimated and/or biologically relevant isoforms overlooked. We developed a highly specific and sensitive ELISA measuring total tenascin-C down to 0.78ng/ml, using antibodies that recognise sites in constitutively expressed domains. In cohorts of people with different inflammatory and musculoskeletal diseases, levels of splice-specific tenascin-C variants were lower than and distributed differently from total tenascin-C. Neither total nor splice-specific tenascin-C levels correlated with the presence of autoantibodies to citrullinated tenascin-C in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Elevated tenascin-C was not restricted to any one disease and levels were heterogeneous amongst patients with the same disease. These data confirm that its upregulation is not disease-specific, instead suggest that different molecular endotypes or disease stages exist in which pathology is associated with, or independent of, tenascin-C. This immunoassay provides a novel tool for the detection of total tenascin-C that is critical for further biomarker studies. Differences between the distribution of tenascin-C variants and total tenascin-C have implications for the interpretation of studies using isoform-targeted assays. These data highlight the importance of assay design for the detection of multimodular matrix molecules and reveal that there is still much to learn about the intriguingly complex biological roles of distinct matrix proteoforms.
Published: 2023
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13. The long‐term safety of topical corticosteroids in atopic dermatitis: A systematic review

Author: Jane Harvey, Stephanie J. Lax, Alison Lowe, Miriam Santer, Sandra Lawton, Sinead M. Langan, Amanda Roberts, Beth Stuart, Hywel C. Williams, and Kim S. Thomas
Subjects: Dermatology, RL1-803
Abstract: Abstract Background Topical corticosteroids (TCS) are a first‐line treatment for eczema, but there are concerns about their safety when used long‐term. Objectives To systematically review adverse effects associated with longer‐term use of TCS for eczema. Methods Randomised controlled trials (RCTs), cohort and case‐control studies reporting adverse effects of TCS (comparators: no TCS treatment, other topicals) in patients with eczema were identified. Included studies had greater than one year of follow‐up, minimum cohort size of 50 participants, or minimum 50 per arm for RCTs. Evidence was GRADE‐assessed. Prospero registration CRD42021286413. Results We found seven studies (two randomised, five observational); two RCTs (n = 2570, including 1288 receiving TCS), two cohort (all received TCS n = 148) and three case‐control studies (cases n = 10 322, controls n = 12 201). Evidence from two RCTS (n = 2570, children, three and five years' duration) comparing TCS to topical calcineurin inhibitors found intermittent TCS use probably results in little to no difference in risk of growth abnormalities, non‐skin infections, impaired vaccine response and lymphoma/non lymphoma malignancies. The five‐year RCT reported only one episode of skin atrophy (n = 1213 TCS arm; mild/moderate potency), suggesting TCS use probably results in little to no difference in skin thinning when used intermittently to treat flares. No cases of clinical adrenal insufficiency were reported in 75 patients using mild/moderate TCS in the three‐year RCT. Small associations between TCS and type‐2 diabetes and lymphoma were identified in two case‐control studies compared to no TCS, but the evidence is very uncertain. No long‐term studies concerning topical steroid withdrawal or eye problems were identified. Conclusion This review provides some reassuring data on growth and skin thinning when TCS are used intermittently for up to 5 years, but many knowledge gaps remain.
Published: 2023
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14. Antimicrobial property of polyethersulfone (PES) membrane by plasma copolymerization of TEOS and oxazoline for organic dyes filtration

Author: Naeem Ahmed, Akmal Suhaimi, Asad Masood, Ebrahim Mahmoudi, Kim S. Siow, and M.F. Mohd Razip Wee
Subjects: Antibacterial activity, Oxazoline, PES membrane, Plasma copolymerization, Superhydrophilic, TEOS, Technology
Abstract: Plasma-based surface modification has been regarded as a green method to avoid the usage of toxic solvents in order to introduce various functional groups on the filtration membrane. In this paper, we employ plasma polymerization on the polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltration membrane by using simultaneously Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and Oxazoline precursor exhibiting superhydrophilic and antibacterial properties to be used for organic dyes filtration. The addition of nanoscale coatings produced by the proposed plasma copolymerization of TEOS and Oxazoline could enhance the overall performance of the membrane in terms of pure water flux and antimicrobial properties compared to untreated sample. We evaluate its chemical composition by using Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR/ATR) and XPS spectroscopy to ensure the presence of Oxazoline ring and Silicate functional group. Thus, our proposed plasma-modified membrane could be promising to solve specific issues regarding antibiofouling and improve simultaneously its overall performance.
Published: 2023
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15. Adaptive evolution of a minimal organism with a synthetic genome

Author: Troy E. Sandberg, Kim S. Wise, Christopher Dalldorf, Richard Szubin, Adam M. Feist, John I. Glass, and Bernhard O. Palsson
Subjects: Evolutionary biology, Bioengineering, Synthetic biology, Science
Abstract: Summary: The bacterial strain JCVI-syn3.0 stands as the first example of a living organism with a minimized synthetic genome, derived from the Mycoplasma mycoides genome and chemically synthesized in vitro. Here, we report the experimental evolution of a syn3.0- derived strain. Ten independent replicates were evolved for several hundred generations, leading to growth rate improvements of > 15%. Endpoint strains possessed an average of 8 mutations composed of indels and SNPs, with a pronounced C/G- > A/T transversion bias. Multiple genes were repeated mutational targets across the independent lineages, including phase variable lipoprotein activation, 5 distinct; nonsynonymous substitutions in the same membrane transporter protein, and inactivation of an uncharacterized gene. Transcriptomic analysis revealed an overall tradeoff reflected in upregulated ribosomal proteins and downregulated DNA and RNA related proteins during adaptation. This work establishes the suitability of synthetic, minimal strains for laboratory evolution, providing a means to optimize strain growth characteristics and elucidate gene functionality.
Published: 2023
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16. Monitoring and modelling marine zooplankton in a changing climate

Author: Lavenia Ratnarajah, Rana Abu-Alhaija, Angus Atkinson, Sonia Batten, Nicholas J. Bax, Kim S. Bernard, Gabrielle Canonico, Astrid Cornils, Jason D. Everett, Maria Grigoratou, Nurul Huda Ahmad Ishak, David Johns, Fabien Lombard, Erik Muxagata, Clare Ostle, Sophie Pitois, Anthony J. Richardson, Katrin Schmidt, Lars Stemmann, Kerrie M. Swadling, Guang Yang, and Lidia Yebra
Subjects: Science
Abstract: Zooplankton are a critical link to higher trophic levels and play an important role in global biogeochemical cycles. This Review examines key responses of zooplankton to ocean warming, highlights key knowledge and geographic gaps that need to be addressed, and discusses how better use of observations and long-term zooplankton monitoring programmes can help fill these gaps.
Published: 2023
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17. A study to examine the ageing behaviour of cold plasma-treated agricultural seeds

Author: Naeem Ahmed, Kim S. Siow, M. F. Mohd Razip Wee, and Anuttam Patra
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Abstract Cold plasma (low pressure) technology has been effectively used to boost the germination and growth of various crops in recent decades. The durability of these plasma-treated seeds is essential because of the need to store and distribute the seeds at different locations. However, these ageing effects are often not ascertained and reported because germination and related tests are carried out within a short time after the plasma-treatment. This research aims to fill that knowledge gap by subjecting three different types of seeds (and precursors): Bambara groundnuts (water), chilli (oxygen), and papaya (oxygen) to cold plasma-treatment. Common mechanisms found for these diverse seed types and treatment conditions were the physical and chemical changes induced by the physical etching and the cold plasma on the seeds and subsequent oxidation, which promoted germination and growth. The high glass transition temperature of the lignin-cellulose prevented any physical restructuring of the surfaces while maintaining the chemical changes to continue to promote the seeds germination and growth. These changes were monitored over 60 days of ageing using water contact angle (WCA), water uptake, electrical conductivity, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The vacuum effect was also investigated to separate its effect from cold plasma (low pressure). This finding offers a framework for determining how long agricultural seeds that have received plasma treatment can be used. Additionally, there is a need to transfer this research from the lab to the field. Once the impact of plasma treatment on seeds has been estimated, it will be simple to do so.
Published: 2023
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18. Enabling FAIR data in Earth and environmental science with community-centric (meta)data reporting formats

Author: Robert Crystal-Ornelas, Charuleka Varadharajan, Dylan O’Ryan, Kathleen Beilsmith, Benjamin Bond-Lamberty, Kristin Boye, Madison Burrus, Shreyas Cholia, Danielle S. Christianson, Michael Crow, Joan Damerow, Kim S. Ely, Amy E. Goldman, Susan L. Heinz, Valerie C. Hendrix, Zarine Kakalia, Kayla Mathes, Fianna O’Brien, Stephanie C. Pennington, Emily Robles, Alistair Rogers, Maegen Simmonds, Terri Velliquette, Pamela Weisenhorn, Jessica Nicole Welch, Karen Whitenack, and Deborah A. Agarwal
Subjects: Science
Abstract: Abstract Research can be more transparent and collaborative by using Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (FAIR) principles to publish Earth and environmental science data. Reporting formats—instructions, templates, and tools for consistently formatting data within a discipline—can help make data more accessible and reusable. However, the immense diversity of data types across Earth science disciplines makes development and adoption challenging. Here, we describe 11 community reporting formats for a diverse set of Earth science (meta)data including cross-domain metadata (dataset metadata, location metadata, sample metadata), file-formatting guidelines (file-level metadata, CSV files, terrestrial model data archiving), and domain-specific reporting formats for some biological, geochemical, and hydrological data (amplicon abundance tables, leaf-level gas exchange, soil respiration, water and sediment chemistry, sensor-based hydrologic measurements). More broadly, we provide guidelines that communities can use to create new (meta)data formats that integrate with their scientific workflows. Such reporting formats have the potential to accelerate scientific discovery and predictions by making it easier for data contributors to provide (meta)data that are more interoperable and reusable.
Published: 2022
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19. A practical guide to implementing a successful social media recruitment strategy: lessons from the Eczema Monitoring Online trial

Author: Arabella Baker, Eleanor J. Mitchell, and Kim S. Thomas
Subjects: Atopic dermatitis, Eczema, Online recruitment, Randomised controlled trial, Social media, Facebook, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Abstract Background Participant recruitment into clinical trials remains challenging. The global increase in the number of social media users has accelerated the use of social media as a modality of recruitment, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic when traditional recruitment methods were reduced. However, there is limited evidence on the performance of social media recruitment strategies into eczema clinical trials. Methods From September 2021 to January 2022, we recruited participants with eczema into an online randomised controlled trial using free advertising on Twitter, Facebook, Instagram and Reddit (unpaid methods), followed by paid Facebook advertisements (paid method). Unpaid methods were used periodically for 63 days, whilst the paid method for 16 days. Interested individuals who clicked on the advertisement link were directed to the study website, where they could sign up to participate. Consenting, randomisation and data collection occurred exclusively online, using a database management web platform. Evaluation of the social media recruitment methods was performed, including the number of expression of interests, enrolment yield, cost, baseline characteristics and retention. Results Our multi-platform based social media recruitment strategy resulted in 400 expressions of interests, leading to 296 participants. Unpaid methods accounted for 136 (45.9%) of participants, incurring no financial cost. Paid Facebook adverts reached 154,370 individuals, resulting in 123 (41.6%) trial participants for a total cost of £259.93 (£2.11 per participant) and other recruitment methods resulted in 37 (12.5%) enrolments. Paid advertisements predominantly attracted younger participants below the age of 20, whereas unpaid methods mainly drew in participants between 20–29 years of age. The social media platforms recruited an ethnically diverse participant population. Completion rate of follow-up was slightly higher for the paid method (n = 103, 83.7%) compared with the unpaid methods (n = 111, 81.6%). Conclusions Unpaid social media posts recruited the most participants; however, it was time consuming for the researcher. Paid Facebook adverts rapidly recruited a large number of participants for a low cost and provided flexibility to target specific audiences. Our findings indicate that social media is an efficient tool that can potentially support recruitment to clinical trials. Trial registration ISRCTN45167024. Registered on 29 June 2021.
Published: 2022
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20. The interindividual variability of multimodal brain connectivity maintains spatial heterogeneity and relates to tissue microstructure

Author: Esin Karahan, Luke Tait, Ruoguang Si, Ayşegül Özkan, Maciek J. Szul, Kim S. Graham, Andrew D. Lawrence, and Jiaxiang Zhang
Subjects: Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: A multimodal imaging approach highlights the role of tissue microstructure underpinning the inter-individual variability in the connectome
Published: 2022
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21. Vessels of Opportunity in Marine Science Outreach and Education: Case Study and Caveats

Author: Ashley M. Hann, Kim S. Bernard, and Lindsay J. Carroll
Subjects: opportunistic data, outreach and education, virtual programs, career-connected learning, covid-19 response, researcher-educator partnerships, Naval Science, Oceanography, GC1-1581
Abstract: Studying unexpected, ephemeral, or transient events in ocean ecosystems, such as gelatinous zooplankton blooms, is important because it provides us with valuable data on how our oceans may be changing in response to climate change and other anthropogenic activities. However, planning for such events is nearly impossible and making use of opportunistically acquired data allows the marine science community to be adaptive and efficient given the logistical and financial constraints of time at sea and in the field. Because such sampling events are often responsive rather than planned, they are typically not accompanied by outreach and education efforts. This commentary considers if opportunistically acquired data sets can be applied to generate opportunistic outreach and education activities. A case study is provided with successes and caveats outlined.
Published: 2023
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22. Animal behavior is central in shaping the realized diel light niche

Author: N. Sören Häfker, Stacey Connan-McGinty, Laura Hobbs, David McKee, Jonathan H. Cohen, and Kim S. Last
Subjects: Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: Investigating the light as experienced by zooplankton undergoing synchronized diel vertical migration in an Arctic fjord around the spring equinox provides insights into how animal behavior shapes the Realized Diel Light Niche.
Published: 2022
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23. COSINE-100U: Upgrading the COSINE-100 Experiment for Enhanced Sensitivity to Low-Mass Dark Matter Detection

Author: Lee, D. H., Cho, J. Y., Ha, C., Jeon, E. J., Kim, H. J., Kim, J., Kim, K. W., Kim, S. H., Kim, S. K., Kim, W. K., Kim, Y. D., Ko, Y. J., Lee, H., Lee, H. S., Lee, I. S., Lee, J., Lee, S. H., Lee, S. M., Maruyama, R. H., Park, J. C., Park, K. S., Park, K., Park, S. D., Seo, K. M., Son, M. K., and Yu, G. H.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: An upgrade of the COSINE-100 experiment, COSINE-100U, has been prepared for installation at Yemilab, a new underground laboratory in Korea, following 6.4 years of operation at the Yangyang Underground Laboratory. The COSINE-100 experiment aimed to investigate the annual modulation signals reported by the DAMA/LIBRA but observed a null result, revealing a more than 3$\sigma$ discrepancy. COSINE-100U seeks to explore new parameter spaces for dark matter detection using NaI(Tl) detectors. All eight NaI(Tl) crystals, with a total mass of 99.1 kg, have been upgraded to improve light collection efficiency, significantly enhancing dark matter detection sensitivity. This paper describes the detector upgrades, performance improvements, and the enhanced sensitivity to low-mass dark matter detection in the COSINE-100U experiment., Comment: 14 pages, 17 figures
Published: 2024

24. COSINE-100 Full Dataset Challenges the Annual Modulation Signal of DAMA/LIBRA

Author: Carlin, N., Cho, J. Y., Choi, J. J., Choi, S., Ezeribe, A. C., Franca, L. E., Ha, C., Hahn, I. S., Hollick, S. J., Jeon, E. J., Joo, H. W., Kang, W. G., Kauer, M., Kim, B. H., Kim, H. J., Kim, J., Kim, K. W., Kim, S. H., Kim, S. K., Kim, W. K., Kim, Y. D., Kim, Y. H., Ko, Y. J., Lee, D. H., Lee, E. K., Lee, H., Lee, H. S., Lee, H. Y., Lee, I. S., Lee, J., Lee, J. Y., Lee, M. H., Lee, S. H., Lee, S. M., Lee, Y. J., Leonard, D. S., Luan, N. T., Machado, V. H. A., Manzato, B. B., Maruyama, R. H., Neal, R. J., Olsen, S. L., Park, B. J., Park, H. K., Park, H. S., Park, J. C., Park, K. S., Park, S. D., Pitta, R. L. C., Prihtiadi, H., Ra, S. J., Rott, C., Shin, K. A., Cavalcante, D. F. F. S., Son, M. K., Spooner, N. J. C., Truc, L. T., Yang, L., and Yu, G. H.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: For over 25 years, the DAMA/LIBRA collaboration has claimed to observe an annual modulation signal, suggesting the existence of dark matter interactions. However, no other experiments have replicated their result using different detector materials. To address this puzzle, the COSINE-100 collaboration conducted a model-independent test using 106 kg of sodium iodide as detectors, the same target material as DAMA/LIBRA. Analyzing data collected over 6.4 years, with improved energy calibration and time-dependent background description, we found no evidence of an annual modulation signal, challenging the DAMA/LIBRA result with a confidence level greater than 3$\sigma$. This finding represents a significant step toward resolving the long-standing debate surrounding DAMA/LIBRA's dark matter claim, indicating that the observed modulation is unlikely to be caused by dark matter interactions.
Published: 2024

25. First Measurement of Missing Energy Due to Nuclear Effects in Monoenergetic Neutrino Charged Current Interactions

Author: Marzec, E., Ajimura, S., Antonakis, A., Botran, M., Cheoun, M. K., Choi, J. H., Choi, J. W., Choi, J. Y., Dodo, T., Furuta, H., Goh, J. H., Haga, K., Harada, M., Hasegawa, S., Hino, Y., Hiraiwa, T., Hwang, W., Iida, T., Iwai, E., Iwata, S., Jang, H. I., Jang, J. S., Jang, M. C., Jeon, H. K., Jeon, S. H., Joo, K. K., Jung, D. E., Kang, S. K., Kasugai, Y., Kawasaki, T., Kim, E. J., Kim, J. Y., Kim, E. M., Kim, S. Y., Kim, W., Kim, S. B., Kinoshita, H., Konno, T., Kuwata, K., Lee, D. H., Lee, S., Lim, I. T., Little, C., Maruyama, T., Masuda, S., Meigo, S., Monjushiro, S., Moon, D. H., Nakano, T., Niiyama, M., Nishikawa, K., Noumachi, M., Pac, M. Y., Park, B. J., Park, H. W., Park, J. B., Park, J. S., Park, R. G., Peeters, S. J. M., Roellinghoff, G., Rott, C., Ryu, J. W., Sakai, K., Sakamoto, S., Shima, T., Shin, C. D., Spitz, J., Stancu, I., Suekane, F., Sugaya, Y., Suzuya, K., Taira, M., Takeuchi, Y., Wang, W., Waterfield, J., Wei, W., White, R., Yamaguchi, Y., Yeh, M., Yeo, I. S., Yoo, C., Yu, I., and Zohaib, A.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We present the first measurement of the missing energy due to nuclear effects in monoenergetic, muon neutrino charged-current interactions on carbon, originating from $K^+ \rightarrow \mu^+ \nu_\mu$ decay-at-rest ($E_{\nu_\mu}=235.5$ MeV), performed with the JSNS$^2$ liquid scintillator based experiment. Towards characterizing the neutrino interaction, ostensibly $\nu_\mu n \rightarrow \mu^- p$ or $\nu_\mu$$^{12}\mathrm{C}$ $\rightarrow \mu^-$$^{12}\mathrm{N}$, and in analogy to similar electron scattering based measurements, we define the missing energy as the energy transferred to the nucleus ($\omega$) minus the kinetic energy of the outgoing proton(s), $E_{m} \equiv \omega-\sum T_p$, and relate this to visible energy in the detector, $E_{m}=E_{\nu_\mu}~(235.5~\mathrm{MeV})-m_\mu~(105.7~\mathrm{MeV}) - E_{vis}$. The missing energy, which is naively expected to be zero in the absence of nuclear effects (e.g. nucleon separation energy, Fermi momenta, and final-state interactions), is uniquely sensitive to many aspects of the interaction, and has previously been inaccessible with neutrinos. The shape-only, differential cross section measurement reported, based on a $(77\pm3)$% pure double-coincidence KDAR signal (621 total events), provides an important benchmark for models and event generators at 100s-of-MeV neutrino energies, characterized by the difficult-to-model transition region between neutrino-nucleus and neutrino-nucleon scattering, and relevant for applications in nuclear physics, neutrino oscillation measurements, and Type-II supernova studies.
Published: 2024

26. CPEB1 directs muscle stem cell activation by reprogramming the translational landscape

Author: Wenshu Zeng, Lu Yue, Kim S. W. Lam, Wenxin Zhang, Wai-Kin So, Erin H. Y. Tse, and Tom H. Cheung
Subjects: Science
Abstract: Skeletal muscle stem cells are actively maintained in quiescence, but can activate quickly upon extrinsic stimulation. Here the authors show that CPEB1 promotes muscle stem cell activation by reprogramming the translational landscape.
Published: 2022
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27. ‘Cordial’ Strawberry

Author: Kim S. Lewers and John M. Enns
Subjects: fragaria ananassa, fruit breeding, disease resistance, postharvest, shelf life, Plant culture, SB1-1110
Published: 2022
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28. Modeling Post‐Wildfire Hydrologic Response: Review and Future Directions for Applications of Physically Based Distributed Simulation

Author: Brian A. Ebel, Zachary M. Shephard, Michelle A. Walvoord, Sheila F. Murphy, Trevor F. Partridge, and Kim S. Perkins
Subjects: wildfire, wildland fire, hydrologic model, streamflow, groundwater, water supply, Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract: Abstract Wildfire is a growing concern as climate shifts. The hydrologic effects of wildfire, which include elevated hazards and changes in water quantity and quality, are increasingly assessed using numerical models. Post‐wildfire application of physically based distributed models provides unique insight into the underlying processes that affect water resources after wildfire. This work reviews and synthesizes post‐wildfire applications of physically based distributed models by examining the scales and geographic/ecohydrologic distribution of model applications, hydrologic response process representation, model parameterization, and model performance metrics. Highlighted gaps and opportunities for advancing physically based distributed hydrologic response modeling after wildfire include the following: (a) applying models in under‐represented geographic (S. America, Africa, Asia) and ecohydrologic regions (arid or dry subhumid climates), (b) incorporating all four major streamflow generation mechanisms (infiltration excess, saturation excess, subsurface storm flow, and groundwater flow), (c) representing integrated vadose zone and saturated zone processes to better capture subsurface streamflow generation, (d) building new remotely sensed model parameterization methods for precipitation interception, infiltration, and overland flow that account for burn severity and recovery, (e) incorporating distributed state variables (e.g., soil moisture, groundwater levels) in model performance assessment, (f) designing model intercomparison studies, including field datasets specifically for post‐wildfire model development and validation, (g) linking mechanistic vegetation regrowth models with hydrologic models to improve simulation of process shifts as ecosystems recover, and (h) creating a new community modeling framework to integrate modeling advances across the wildfire science community.
Published: 2023
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29. Case example of a jail-based cancer prevention clinical trial: Social determinants of health framework, novel experimental design, and retention strategies to facilitate long-term follow-up of clinical trial participants

Author: Pablo Kennedy, Rubina Ratnaparkhi, Jaehoon Lee, Jason E. Glenn, Patricia J. Kelly, Kim S. Kimminau, Stephanie Assimonye, and Megha Ramaswamy
Subjects: Jail, clinical trial, social determinants of health, cancer prevention, Medicine
Abstract: Clinical trials conducted with incarcerated populations are rare. We present a case example of one such jail-based cancer prevention clinical trial to demonstrate the importance of including a theory-driven approach to intervention framing, novel experimental designs to boost access to low-risk trials, and retention strategies for long-term follow-up of hard-to-reach populations. As such we offer a social determinant of health framework to ensure cancer prevention research is conducted through the lenses of health promotion and health equity. Deviations from the gold-standard randomized control design, transparent systematic allotment, and street-based outreach retention strategies contribute to the feasibility of conducting clinical trials in carceral settings and after people leave jail. Best practices presented can be used in design and conduct of future clinical trials with criminal legal system-involved populations.
Published: 2023
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30. Roadmap to engagement: Bringing patient partners into cancer research and beyond

Author: Kim S. Kimminau, Cheryl Jernigan, Hope Krebill, Sara Douglas, Jill Peltzer, Jill Hamilton-Reeves, Ronald C. Chen, and Roy Jensen
Subjects: Cancer, patient, engagement model, education, team science, Medicine
Abstract: The University of Kansas Cancer Center (KU Cancer Center) initiated an engagement program to leverage the lived experience of individuals and families with cancer. KU Cancer Center faculty, staff, and patient partners built an infrastructure to achieve a patient-designed, patient-led, and research-informed engagement program called Patient and Investigator Voices Organizing Together (PIVOT). This special communication offers an engagement roadmap that can be replicated, scaled, and adopted at other cancer centers and academic health systems. PIVOT demonstrates that collaboration among academic leaders, investigators, and people with a lived experience yields a patient-centered, vibrant environment that enriches the research enterprise.
Published: 2023
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31. New insight into Salpa thompsoni distribution via glider-borne acoustics

Author: Ashley M. Hann, Kim S. Bernard, Josh Kohut, Matthew J. Oliver, and Hank Statscewich
Subjects: acoustic detection, zooplankton, salps, Western Antarctic Peninsula, autonomous underwater glider, gelatinous blooms, Science, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, QH1-199.5
Abstract: Salpa thompsoni is an ephemerally abundant pelagic tunicate in the waters of the Southern Ocean that makes significant contributions to carbon flux and nutrient recycling in the region. While S. thompsoni, hereafter referred to as “salps”, was historically described as a polar-temperate species with a latitudinal range of 40 – 60°S, observations of salps in coastal waters of the Western Antarctic Peninsula have become more common in the last 50 years. There is a need to better understand the variability in salp densities and vertical distribution patterns in Antarctic waters to improve predictions of their contribution to the global carbon cycle. We used acoustic data obtained from an echosounder mounted to an autonomous underwater Slocum glider to investigate the anomalously high densities of salps observed in Palmer Deep Canyon, at the Western Antarctic Peninsula, in the austral summer of 2020. Acoustic measurements of salps were made synchronously with temperature and salinity recordings (all made on the glider downcasts), and asynchronously with chlorophyll-a measurements (made on the glider upcasts and matched to salp measurements by profile) across the depth of the water column near Palmer Deep Canyon for 60 days. Using this approach, we collected high-resolution data on the vertical and temporal distributions of salps, their association with key water masses, their diel vertical migration patterns, and their correlation with chlorophyll-a. While salps were recorded throughout the water column, they were most prevalent in Antarctic Surface Water. A peak in vertical distribution was detected from 0 – 50 m regardless of time of day or point in the summer season. We found salps did not undergo diel vertical migration in the early season, but following the breakdown of the remnant Winter Water layer in late January, marginal diel vertical migration was initiated and sustained through to the end of our study. There was a significant, positive correlation between salp densities and chlorophyll-a. To our knowledge, this is the first high resolution assessment of salp spatial (on the vertical) and temporal distributions in the Southern Ocean as well as the first to use glider-borne acoustics to assess salps in situ.
Published: 2023
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32. Drivers of human–black caiman (Melanosuchus niger) conflict in Indigenous communities in the North Rupununi wetlands, southwestern Guyana

Author: Meshach A. Pierre, Kim S. Jacobsen, Matthew T. Hallett, Arianne‐Elise M. Harris, Alyssa Melville, Howard Barnabus, and Claudio Sillero‐Zubiri
Subjects: attacks, black caiman, crocodilians, fisheries, human–wildlife coexistence, human–wildlife conflict, Ecology, QH540-549.5, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, QH1-199.5
Abstract: Abstract Recovering populations of large carnivores impact the people that live alongside them, sometimes leading to conflict and lethal retaliation. One such carnivore, the black caiman (Melanosuchus niger) has been implicated in the destruction of fishing equipment, depredation of livestock and pets, and attacks on humans. In order to understand how various stakeholder groups are affected by the negative impacts of living alongside caiman, and their resulting attitudes and behaviors towards caiman, we conducted semistructured interviews in seven Indigenous communities in southwestern Guyana from November 2017 to October 2019. We used logistic and ordinal regression to identify demographic indicators of fishing behavior and factors that are associated with negative attitudes and antagonistic behavior. Loss of pets in addition to an effect of gender, rather than competition overfishing resources (as hypothesized) may drive conflict between Indigenous communities and black caiman. We propose site differences, such as ecotourism may affect attitudes about and behavior towards caiman. The presence of impacts on communities and retaliatory behavior indicates that human–wildlife and wildlife–human impacts involving black caiman may be a concern for the recovery of the species' populations, and the communities that coexist with them.
Published: 2023
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33. The energetic cost of early reproductive development in juvenile Antarctic krill at the Western Antarctic Peninsula

Author: Kirsten B. Steinke, Kim S. Bernard, Julia M. Fontana, Louise A. Copeman, and Lani M. Garcia
Subjects: Antarctic krill, reproduction, energy, juvenile, trade-off, body condition, Science, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, QH1-199.5
Abstract: The overwinter survival mechanisms of Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, are poorly characterized, especially for juveniles. It has been suggested that juveniles adopt a mix of strategies characteristic of both larvae and adults. Like larvae, they may feed opportunistically throughout winter when food is available, and like adults they may be able to suppress their metabolism when food is scarce. In this study we look at the overwinter strategies of juvenile krill and how their reproductive development changes when energy input exceeds what is necessary for survival. We take a closer look at how the sexual maturation of juvenile krill progresses in response to different environmental conditions throughout the fall and winter. We exposed juvenile Antarctic krill to four different “food environment scenarios”, supplementing them with various diets from May to September 2019 that were representative of environmental conditions that they may encounter in different regions of the Western Antarctic Peninsula during autumn and winter. Each month, we measured the physiology and condition of the krill, and assessed the reproductive development of females. We found that when female juvenile krill have greater energy reserves than what is needed to survive the winter, they will begin to sexually mature. Further, when there are sufficient levels of the fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and 16:4 (n-1), krill are likely to be in a more reproductive advanced stage. However, when lipids, EPA, DHA and 16:4 (n-1) are depleted throughout the winter, juvenile female krill lose their ability to develop reproductively. We also found that sexual development is an energy intensive process that requires high respiration rates in juvenile krill. Furthermore, when juvenile females expend energy maturing, their physiological condition declines. This trade-off between early reproductive development and condition in juvenile female krill has important implications for individual health and population fecundity. Gaining a better understanding of the mechanisms behind juvenile krill winter survival strategies and their consequences will allow us to predict how future change at the western Antarctic Peninsula may affect krill population dynamics, especially in light of a warming climate.
Published: 2022
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34. Tract-specific differences in white matter microstructure between young adult APOE ε4 carriers and non-carriers: A replication and extension study

Author: Rikki Lissaman, Thomas M. Lancaster, Greg D. Parker, Kim S. Graham, Andrew D. Lawrence, and Carl J. Hodgetts
Subjects: APOE, Alzheimer's disease, Parahippocampal cingulum bundle, Inferior longitudinal fasciculus, Diffusion MRI, Structural connectivity, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract: The parahippocampal cingulum bundle (PHCB) interconnects regions known to be vulnerable to early Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, including posteromedial cortex and medial temporal lobe. While AD-related pathology has been robustly associated with alterations in PHCB microstructure, specifically lower fractional anisotropy (FA) and higher mean diffusivity (MD), emerging evidence indicates that the reverse pattern is evident in younger adults at increased risk of AD. In one such study, Hodgetts et al. (2019) reported that healthy young adult carriers of the apolipoprotein-E (APOE) ε4 allele – the strongest common genetic risk factor for AD – showed higher FA and lower MD in the PHCB but not the inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF). These results are consistent with proposals claiming that heightened neural activity and intrinsic connectivity play a significant role in increasing posteromedial cortex vulnerability to amyloid-β and tau spread beyond the medial temporal lobe. Given the implications for understanding AD risk, here we sought to replicate Hodgetts et al.‘s finding in a larger sample (N = 128; 40 APOE ε4 carriers, 88 APOE ε4 non-carriers) of young adults (age range = 19–33). Extending this work, we also conducted an exploratory analysis using a more advanced measure of white matter microstructure: hindrance modulated orientational anisotropy (HMOA). Contrary to the original study, we did not observe higher FA or lower MD in the PHCB of APOE ε4 carriers relative to non-carriers. Bayes factors (BFs) further revealed moderate-to-strong evidence in support of these null findings. In addition, we observed no APOE ε4-related differences in PHCB HMOA. Our findings indicate that young adult APOE ε4 carriers and non-carriers do not differ in PHCB microstructure, casting some doubt on the notion that early-life variation in PHCB tract microstructure might enhance vulnerability to amyloid-β accumulation and/or tau spread.
Published: 2022
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35. Radiopurity measurements of liquid scintillator for the COSINE-100 Upgrade

Author: Kim, J., Ha, C., Kim, S. H., Kim, W. K., Kim, Y. D., Ko, Y. J., Lee, E. K., Lee, H., Lee, H. S., Lee, I. S., Lee, J., Lee, S. H., Lee, S. M., Lee, Y. J., and Yu, G. H.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: A new 2,400 L liquid scintillator has been produced for the COSINE-100 Upgrade, which is under construction at Yemilab for the next COSINE dark matter experiment phase. The linear-alkyl-benzene-based scintillator is designed to serve as a veto for NaI(Tl) crystal targets and a separate platform for rare event searches. We measured using a sample consisting of a custom-made 445 mL cylindrical Teflon container equipped with two 3-inch photomultiplier tubes. Analyses show activity levels of $0.091 \pm 0.042$ mBq/kg for $^{238}$U and $0.012 \pm 0.007$ mBq/kg for $^{232}$Th.
Published: 2024

36. Search for gravitational waves emitted from SN 2023ixf

Author: The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, the Virgo Collaboration, the KAGRA Collaboration, Abac, A. G., Abbott, R., Abouelfettouh, I., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adhicary, S., Adhikari, N., Adhikari, R. X., Adkins, V. K., Agarwal, D., Agathos, M., Abchouyeh, M. Aghaei, Aguiar, O. D., Aguilar, I., Aiello, L., Ain, A., Akutsu, T., Albanesi, S., Alfaidi, R. A., Al-Jodah, A., Alléné, C., Allocca, A., Al-Shammari, S., Altin, P. A., Alvarez-Lopez, S., Amato, A., Amez-Droz, L., Amorosi, A., Amra, C., Ananyeva, A., Anderson, S. B., Anderson, W. G., Andia, M., Ando, M., Andrade, T., Andres, N., Andrés-Carcasona, M., Andrić, T., Anglin, J., Ansoldi, S., Antelis, J. M., Antier, S., Aoumi, M., Appavuravther, E. Z., Appert, S., Apple, S. K., Arai, K., Araya, A., Araya, M. C., Areeda, J. S., Argianas, L., Aritomi, N., Armato, F., Arnaud, N., Arogeti, M., Aronson, S. M., Ashton, G., Aso, Y., Assiduo, M., Melo, S. Assis de Souza, Aston, S. M., Astone, P., Attadio, F., Aubin, F., AultONeal, K., Avallone, G., Babak, S., Badaracco, F., Badger, C., Bae, S., Bagnasco, S., Bagui, E., Baier, J. G., Baiotti, L., Bajpai, R., Baka, T., Ball, M., Ballardin, G., Ballmer, S. W., Banagiri, S., Banerjee, B., Bankar, D., Baral, P., Barayoga, J. C., Barish, B. C., Barker, D., Barneo, P., Barone, F., Barr, B., Barsotti, L., Barsuglia, M., Barta, D., Bartoletti, A. M., Barton, M. A., Bartos, I., Basak, S., Basalaev, A., Bassiri, R., Basti, A., Bates, D. E., Bawaj, M., Baxi, P., Bayley, J. C., Baylor, A. C., Baynard II, P. A., Bazzan, M., Bedakihale, V. M., Beirnaert, F., Bejger, M., Belardinelli, D., Bell, A. S., Benedetto, V., Benoit, W., Bentley, J. D., Yaala, M. Ben, Bera, S., Berbel, M., Bergamin, F., Berger, B. K., Bernuzzi, S., Beroiz, M., Bersanetti, D., Bertolini, A., Betzwieser, J., Beveridge, D., Bevins, N., Bhandare, R., Bhardwaj, U., Bhatt, R., Bhattacharjee, D., Bhaumik, S., Bhowmick, S., Bianchi, A., Bilenko, I. A., Billingsley, G., Binetti, A., Bini, S., Birnholtz, O., Biscoveanu, S., Bisht, A., Bitossi, M., Bizouard, M. -A., Blackburn, J. K., Blagg, L. A., Blair, C. D., Blair, D. G., Bobba, F., Bode, N., Boileau, G., Boldrini, M., Bolingbroke, G. N., Bolliand, A., Bonavena, L. D., Bondarescu, R., Bondu, F., Bonilla, E., Bonilla, M. S., Bonino, A., Bonnand, R., Booker, P., Borchers, A., Boschi, V., Bose, S., Bossilkov, V., Boudart, V., Boudon, A., Bozzi, A., Bradaschia, C., Brady, P. R., Braglia, M., Branch, A., Branchesi, M., Brandt, J., Braun, I., Breschi, M., Briant, T., Brillet, A., Brinkmann, M., Brockill, P., Brockmueller, E., Brooks, A. F., Brown, B. C., Brown, D. D., Brozzetti, M. L., Brunett, S., Bruno, G., Bruntz, R., Bryant, J., Bucci, F., Buchanan, J., Bulashenko, O., Bulik, T., Bulten, H. J., Buonanno, A., Burtnyk, K., Buscicchio, R., Buskulic, D., Buy, C., Byer, R. L., Davies, G. S. Cabourn, Cabras, G., Cabrita, R., Cáceres-Barbosa, V., Cadonati, L., Cagnoli, G., Cahillane, C., Bustillo, J. Calderón, Callister, T. A., Calloni, E., Camp, J. B., Canepa, M., Santoro, G. Caneva, Cannon, K. C., Cao, H., Capistran, L. A., Capocasa, E., Capote, E., Carapella, G., Carbognani, F., Carlassara, M., Carlin, J. B., Carpinelli, M., Carrillo, G., Carter, J. J., Carullo, G., Diaz, J. Casanueva, Casentini, C., Castro-Lucas, S. Y., Caudill, S., Cavaglià, M., Cavalieri, R., Cella, G., Cerdá-Durán, P., Cesarini, E., Chaibi, W., Chakraborty, P., Subrahmanya, S. Chalathadka, Chan, J. C. L., Chan, M., Chandra, K., Chang, R. -J., Chao, S., Charlton, E. L., Charlton, P., Chassande-Mottin, E., Chatterjee, C., Chatterjee, Debarati, Chatterjee, Deep, Chaturvedi, M., Chaty, S., Chen, A., Chen, A. H. -Y., Chen, D., Chen, H., Chen, H. Y., Chen, J., Chen, K. H., Chen, Y., Chen, Yanbei, Chen, Yitian, Cheng, H. P., Chessa, P., Cheung, H. T., Cheung, S. Y., Chiadini, F., Chiarini, G., Chierici, R., Chincarini, A., Chiofalo, M. L., Chiummo, A., Chou, C., Choudhary, S., Christensen, N., Chua, S. S. Y., Chugh, P., Ciani, G., Ciecielag, P., Cieślar, M., Cifaldi, M., Ciolfi, R., Clara, F., Clark, J. A., Clarke, J., Clarke, T. A., Clearwater, P., Clesse, S., Coccia, E., Codazzo, E., Cohadon, P. -F., Colace, S., Colleoni, M., Collette, C. G., Collins, J., Colloms, S., Colombo, A., Colpi, M., Compton, C. M., Connolly, G., Conti, L., Corbitt, T. R., Cordero-Carrión, I., Corezzi, S., Cornish, N. J., Corsi, A., Cortese, S., Costa, C. A., Cottingham, R., Coughlin, M. W., Couineaux, A., Coulon, J. -P., Countryman, S. T., Coupechoux, J. -F., Couvares, P., Coward, D. M., Cowart, M. J., Coyne, R., Craig, K., Creed, R., Creighton, J. D. E., Creighton, T. D., Cremonese, P., Criswell, A. W., Crockett-Gray, J. C. G., Crook, S., Crouch, R., Csizmazia, J., Cudell, J. R., Cullen, T. J., Cumming, A., Cuoco, E., Cusinato, M., Dabadie, P., Canton, T. 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C., Takahashi, H., Takahashi, R., Takamori, A., Takase, T., Takatani, K., Takeda, H., Takeshita, K., Talbot, C., Tamaki, M., Tamanini, N., Tanabe, D., Tanaka, K., Tanaka, S. J., Tanaka, T., Tang, D., Tanioka, S., Tanner, D. B., Tao, L., Tapia, R. D., Martín, E. N. Tapia San, Tarafder, R., Taranto, C., Taruya, A., Tasson, J. D., Teloi, M., Tenorio, R., Themann, H., Theodoropoulos, A., Thirugnanasambandam, M. P., Thomas, L. M., Thomas, M., Thomas, P., Thompson, J. E., Thondapu, S. R., Thorne, K. A., Thrane, E., Tissino, J., Tiwari, A., Tiwari, P., Tiwari, S., Tiwari, V., Todd, M. R., Toivonen, A. M., Toland, K., Tolley, A. E., Tomaru, T., Tomita, K., Tomura, T., Tong-Yu, C., Toriyama, A., Toropov, N., Torres-Forné, A., Torrie, C. I., Toscani, M., Melo, I. Tosta e, Tournefier, E., Trapananti, A., Travasso, F., Traylor, G., Trevor, M., Tringali, M. C., Tripathee, A., Troian, G., Troiano, L., Trovato, A., Trozzo, L., Trudeau, R. J., Tsang, T. T. 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S., Wu, H., Wuchner, E., Wysocki, D. M., Xu, V. A., Xu, Y., Yadav, N., Yamamoto, H., Yamamoto, K., Yamamoto, T. S., Yamamoto, T., Yamamura, S., Yamazaki, R., Yan, S., Yan, T., Yang, F. W., Yang, F., Yang, K. Z., Yang, Y., Yarbrough, Z., Yasui, H., Yeh, S. -W., Yelikar, A. B., Yin, X., Yokoyama, J., Yokozawa, T., Yoo, J., Yu, H., Yuan, S., Yuzurihara, H., Zadrożny, A., Zanolin, M., Zeeshan, M., Zelenova, T., Zendri, J. -P., Zeoli, M., Zerrad, M., Zevin, M., Zhang, A. C., Zhang, L., Zhang, R., Zhang, T., Zhang, Y., Zhao, C., Zhao, Yue, Zhao, Yuhang, Zheng, Y., Zhong, H., Zhou, R., Zhu, X. -J., Zhu, Z. -H., Zimmerman, A. B., Zucker, M. E., and Zweizig, J.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: We present the results of a search for gravitational-wave transients associated with core-collapse supernova SN 2023ixf, which was observed in the galaxy Messier 101 via optical emission on 2023 May 19th, during the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA 15th Engineering Run. We define a five-day on-source window during which an accompanying gravitational-wave signal may have occurred. No gravitational waves have been identified in data when at least two gravitational-wave observatories were operating, which covered $\sim 14\%$ of this five-day window. We report the search detection efficiency for various possible gravitational-wave emission models. Considering the distance to M101 (6.7 Mpc), we derive constraints on the gravitational-wave emission mechanism of core-collapse supernovae across a broad frequency spectrum, ranging from 50 Hz to 2 kHz where we assume the GW emission occurred when coincident data are available in the on-source window. Considering an ellipsoid model for a rotating proto-neutron star, our search is sensitive to gravitational-wave energy $1 \times 10^{-5} M_{\odot} c^2$ and luminosity $4 \times 10^{-5} M_{\odot} c^2/\text{s}$ for a source emitting at 50 Hz. These constraints are around an order of magnitude more stringent than those obtained so far with gravitational-wave data. The constraint on the ellipticity of the proto-neutron star that is formed is as low as $1.04$, at frequencies above $1200$ Hz, surpassing results from SN 2019ejj., Comment: Main paper: 6 pages, 4 figures and 1 table. Total with appendices: 20 pages, 4 figures, and 1 table
Published: 2024

37. A search using GEO600 for gravitational waves coincident with fast radio bursts from SGR 1935+2154

Author: The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, the Virgo Collaboration, the KAGRA Collaboration, Abac, A. G., Abbott, R., Abouelfettouh, I., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adhicary, S., Adhikari, N., Adhikari, R. X., Adkins, V. K., Agarwal, D., Agathos, M., Abchouyeh, M. Aghaei, Aguiar, O. D., Aguilar, I., Aiello, L., Ain, A., Ajith, P., Akutsu, T., Albanesi, S., Alfaidi, R. A., Al-Jodah, A., Alléné, C., Allocca, A., Al-Shammari, S., Altin, P. A., Alvarez-Lopez, S., Amato, A., Amez-Droz, L., Amorosi, A., Amra, C., Ananyeva, A., Anderson, S. B., Anderson, W. G., Andia, M., Ando, M., Andrade, T., Andres, N., Andrés-Carcasona, M., Andrić, T., Anglin, J., Ansoldi, S., Antelis, J. M., Antier, S., Aoumi, M., Appavuravther, E. Z., Appert, S., Apple, S. K., Arai, K., Araya, A., Araya, M. C., Areeda, J. S., Argianas, L., Aritomi, N., Armato, F., Arnaud, N., Arogeti, M., Aronson, S. M., Ashton, G., Aso, Y., Assiduo, M., Melo, S. Assis de Souza, Aston, S. M., Astone, P., Attadio, F., Aubin, F., AultONeal, K., Avallone, G., Azrad, D., Babak, S., Badaracco, F., Badger, C., Bae, S., Bagnasco, S., Bagui, E., Baier, J. G., Baiotti, L., Bajpai, R., Baka, T., Ball, M., Ballardin, G., Ballmer, S. W., Banagiri, S., Banerjee, B., Bankar, D., Baral, P., Barayoga, J. C., Barish, B. C., Barker, D., Barneo, P., Barone, F., Barr, B., Barsotti, L., Barsuglia, M., Barta, D., Bartoletti, A. M., Barton, M. A., Bartos, I., Basak, S., Basalaev, A., Bassiri, R., Basti, A., Bates, D. E., Bawaj, M., Baxi, P., Bayley, J. C., Baylor, A. C., Baynard II, P. A., Bazzan, M., Bedakihale, V. M., Beirnaert, F., Bejger, M., Belardinelli, D., Bell, A. S., Benedetto, V., Benoit, W., Bentley, J. D., Yaala, M. Ben, Bera, S., Berbel, M., Bergamin, F., Berger, B. K., Bernuzzi, S., Beroiz, M., Bersanetti, D., Bertolini, A., Betzwieser, J., Beveridge, D., Bevins, N., Bhandare, R., Bhardwaj, U., Bhatt, R., Bhattacharjee, D., Bhaumik, S., Bhowmick, S., Bianchi, A., Bilenko, I. 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Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: The magnetar SGR 1935+2154 is the only known Galactic source of fast radio bursts (FRBs). FRBs from SGR 1935+2154 were first detected by CHIME/FRB and STARE2 in 2020 April, after the conclusion of the LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA Collaborations' O3 observing run. Here we analyze four periods of gravitational wave (GW) data from the GEO600 detector coincident with four periods of FRB activity detected by CHIME/FRB, as well as X-ray glitches and X-ray bursts detected by NICER and NuSTAR close to the time of one of the FRBs. We do not detect any significant GW emission from any of the events. Instead, using a short-duration GW search (for bursts $\leq$ 1 s) we derive 50\% (90\%) upper limits of $10^{48}$ ($10^{49}$) erg for GWs at 300 Hz and $10^{49}$ ($10^{50}$) erg at 2 kHz, and constrain the GW-to-radio energy ratio to $\leq 10^{14} - 10^{16}$. We also derive upper limits from a long-duration search for bursts with durations between 1 and 10 s. These represent the strictest upper limits on concurrent GW emission from FRBs., Comment: 15 pages of text including references, 4 figures, 5 tables
Published: 2024

38. Search for proton decay via $p\rightarrow{e^+\eta}$ and $p\rightarrow{\mu^+\eta}$ with a 0.37 Mton-year exposure of Super-Kamiokande

Author: Collaboration, Super-Kamiokande, Taniuchi, N., Abe, K., Abe, S., Asaoka, Y., Bronner, C., Harada, M., Hayato, Y., Hiraide, K., Hosokawa, K., Ieki, K., Ikeda, M., Kameda, J., Kanemura, Y., Kaneshima, R., Kashiwagi, Y., Kataoka, Y., Miki, S., Mine, S., Miura, M., Moriyama, S., Nakahata, M., Nakayama, S., Noguchi, Y., Pronost, G., Okamoto, K., Sato, K., Sekiya, H., Shiba, H., Shimizu, K., Shiozawa, M., Sonoda, Y., Suzuki, Y., Takeda, A., Takemoto, Y., Takenaka, A., Tanaka, H., Watanabe, S., Yano, T., Kajita, T., Okumura, K., Tashiro, T., Tomiya, T., Wang, X., Yoshida, S., Megias, G. D., Fernandez, P., Labarga, L., Ospina, N., Zaldivar, B., Pointon, B. W., Kearns, E., Mirabito, J., Raaf, J. L., Wan, L., Wester, T., Bian, J., Griskevich, N. J., Kropp, W. R., Locke, S., Smy, M. B., Sobel, H. W., Takhistov, V., Yankelevich, A., Hill, J., Jang, M. C., Kim, J. Y., Lee, S. H., Lim, I. T., Moon, D. H., Park, R. G., Yang, B. S., Bodur, B., Scholberg, K., Walter, C. W., Beauchêne, A., Bernard, L., Coffani, A., Drapier, O., Hedri, S. El, Giampaolo, A., Mueller, Th. A., Santos, A. D., Paganini, P., Rogly, R., Nakamura, T., Jang, J. S., Machado, L. N., Learned, J. G., Choi, K., Iovine, N., Cao, S., Anthony, L. H. V., Martin, D., Prouse, N. W., Scott, M., Sztuc, A. A., Uchida, Y., Berardi, V., Calabria, N. F., Catanesi, M. G., Radicioni, E., Langella, A., De Rosa, G., Collazuol, G., Feltre, M., Iacob, F., Lamoureux, M., Mattiazzi, M., Ludovici, L., Gonin, M., Périssé, L., Quilain, B., Fujisawa, C., Horiuchi, S., Kobayashi, M., Liu, Y. M., Maekawa, Y., Nishimura, Y., Okazaki, R., Akutsu, R., Friend, M., Hasegawa, T., Ishida, T., Kobayashi, T., Jakkapu, M., Matsubara, T., Nakadaira, T., Nakamura, K., Oyama, Y., Yrey, A. Portocarrero, Sakashita, K., Sekiguchi, T., Tsukamoto, T., Bhuiyan, N., Boschi, T., Burton, G. T., Di Lodovico, F., Gao, J., Goldsack, A., Katori, T., Migenda, J., Ramsden, R. M., Taani, M., Xie, Z., Zsoldos, S., Kotsar, Y., Ozaki, H., Suzuki, A. T., Takagi, Y., Takeuchi, Y., Yamamoto, S., Zhong, H., Feng, J., Feng, L., Han, S., Hu, J. R., Hu, Z., Kawaue, M., Kikawa, T., Mori, M., Nakaya, T., Wendell, R. A., Yasutome, K., Jenkins, S. J., McCauley, N., Mehta, P., Tarrant, A., Wilking, M. J., Fukuda, Y., Itow, Y., Menjo, H., Ninomiya, K., Yoshioka, Y., Lagoda, J., Mandal, M., Mijakowski, P., Prabhu, Y. S., Zalipska, J., Jia, M., Jiang, J., Jung, C. K., Shi, W., Yanagisawa, C., Hino, Y., Ishino, H., Ito, S., Kitagawa, H., Koshio, Y., Ma, W., Nakanishi, F., Sakai, S., Tada, T., Tano, T., Ishizuka, T., Barr, G., Barrow, D., Cook, L., Samani, S., Wark, D., Holin, A., Nova, F., Jung, S., Yang, J. Y., Yoo, J., Fannon, J. E. P., Kneale, L., Malek, M., McElwee, J. M., Stone, O., Stowell, P., Thiesse, M. D., Thompson, L. F., Wilson, S. T., Okazawa, H., Lakshmi, S. M., Kim, S. B., Kwon, E., Lee, M. W., Seo, J. W., Yu, I., Ichikawa, A. K., Nakamura, K. D., Tairafune, S., Nishijima, K., Koshiba, M., Eguchi, A., Goto, S., Iwamoto, K., Mizuno, Y., Muro, T., Nakagiri, K., Nakajima, Y., Shima, S., Watanabe, E., Yokoyama, M., de Perio, P., Fujita, S., Jesús-Valls, C., Martens, K., Marti, Ll., Tsui, K. M., Vagins, M. R., Xia, J., Izumiyama, S., Kuze, M., Matsumoto, R., Terada, K., Asaka, R., Inomoto, M., Ishitsuka, M., Ito, H., Kinoshita, T., Ommura, Y., Shigeta, N., Shinoki, M., Suganuma, T., Yamauchi, K., Yoshida, T., Nakano, Y., Martin, J. F., Tanaka, H. A., Towstego, T., Gaur, R., Gousy-Leblanc, V., Hartz, M., Konaka, A., Li, X., Chen, S., Wu, Y., Xu, B. D., Zhang, A. Q., Zhang, B., Posiadala-Zezula, M., Boyd, S. B., Edwards, R., Hadley, D., Nicholson, M., O'Flaherty, M., Richards, B., Ali, A., Jamieson, B., Amanai, S., Minamino, A., Pintaudi, G., Sano, S., Sasaki, R., Shibayama, R., Shimamura, R., Suzuki, S., and Wada, K.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: A search for proton decay into $e^+/\mu^+$ and a $\eta$ meson has been performed using data from a 0.373 Mton$\cdot$year exposure (6050.3 live days) of Super-Kamiokande. Compared to previous searches this work introduces an improved model of the intranuclear $\eta$ interaction cross section, resulting in a factor of two reduction in uncertainties from this source and $\sim$10\% increase in signal efficiency. No significant data excess was found above the expected number of atmospheric neutrino background events resulting in no indication of proton decay into either mode. Lower limits on the proton partial lifetime of $1.4\times\mathrm{10^{34}~years}$ for $p\rightarrow e^+\eta$ and $7.3\times\mathrm{10^{33}~years}$ for $p\rightarrow \mu^+\eta$ at the 90$\%$ C.L. were set. These limits are around 1.5 times longer than our previous study and are the most stringent to date.
Published: 2024

39. Constraining cosmological parameters using the pairwise kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect with CMB-S4 and future galaxy cluster surveys

Author: Schiappucci, E., Raghunathan, S., To, C., Bianchini, F., Reichardt, C. L., Battaglia, N., Hadzhiyska, B., Kim, S., Melin, J. B., Sifón, C., and Vavagiakis, E. M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We present a forecast of the pairwise kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (kSZ) measurement that will be achievable with the future CMB-S4 experiment. CMB-S4 is the next stage for ground-based cosmic microwave background experiments, with a planned wide area survey that will observe approximately $50\%$ of the sky. We construct a simulated sample of galaxy clusters that have been optically selected in an LSST-like survey and have spectroscopic redshifts. For this cluster sample, we predict that CMB-S4 will reject the null hypothesis of zero pairwise kSZ signal at $36 \,\sigma$. We estimate the effects of systematic uncertainties such as scatter in the mass-richness scaling relation and cluster mis-centering. We find that these effects can reduce the signal-to-noise ratio of the CMB-S4 pairwise kSZ measurement by $20\%$. We explore the constraining power of the measured kSZ signal in combination with measurements of the galaxy clusters' thermal SZ emission on two extensions to the standard cosmological model. The first extension allows the dark energy equation of state $w$ to vary. We find the CMB-S4 pairwise kSZ measurement yields a modest reduction in the uncertainty on $w$ by a factor of 1.36 over the \Planck's 2018 uncertainty. The second extension tests General Relativity by varying the growth index $\gamma$. We find that CMB-S4's pairwise kSZ measurement will yield a $28\sigma$ constraint on $\gamma$, and strongly constrain alternative theories of gravity., Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2207.11937
Published: 2024

40. Observations of microlensed images with dual-field interferometry: on-sky demonstration and prospects

Author: Mroz, P., Dong, S., Merand, A., Shangguan, J., Woillez, J., Gould, A., Udalski, A., Eisenhauer, F., Ryu, Y. -H., Wu, Z., Liu, Z., Yang, H., Bourdarot, G., Defrere, D., Drescher, A., Fabricius, M., Garcia, P., Genzel, R., Gillessen, S., Honig, S. F., Kreidberg, L., Bouquin, J. -B. Le, Lutz, D., Millour, F., Ott, T., Paumard, T., Sauter, J., Shimizu, T. T., Straubmeier, C., Subroweit, M., Widmann, F., Szymanski, M. K., Soszynski, I., Pietrukowicz, P., Kozlowski, S., Poleski, R., Skowron, J., Ulaczyk, K., Gromadzki, M., Rybicki, K., Iwanek, P., Wrona, M., Mroz, M. J, Albrow, M. D., Chung, S. -J., Han, C., Hwang, K. -H., Jung, Y. K., Shin, I. -G., Shvartzvald, Y., Yee, J. C., Zang, W., Cha, S. -M., Kim, D. -J., Kim, S. -L., Lee, C. -U., Lee, D. -J., Lee, Y., Park, B. -G., and Pogge, R. W.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: Interferometric observations of gravitational microlensing events offer an opportunity for precise, efficient, and direct mass and distance measurements of lensing objects, especially those of isolated neutron stars and black holes. However, such observations were previously possible for only a handful of extremely bright events. The recent development of a dual-field interferometer, GRAVITY Wide, has made it possible to reach out to significantly fainter objects, and increase the pool of microlensing events amenable to interferometric observations by two orders of magnitude. Here, we present the first successful observation of a microlensing event with GRAVITY Wide and the resolution of microlensed images in the event OGLE-2023-BLG-0061/KMT-2023-BLG-0496. We measure the angular Einstein radius of the lens with a sub-percent precision, $\theta_{\rm E} = 1.280 \pm 0.009$ mas. Combined with the microlensing parallax detected from the event light curve, the mass and distance to the lens are found to be $0.472 \pm 0.012 M_{\odot}$ and $1.81 \pm 0.05$ kpc, respectively. We present the procedure for the selection of targets for interferometric observations, and discuss possible systematic effects affecting GRAVITY Wide data. This detection demonstrates the capabilities of the new instrument and it opens up completely new possibilities for the follow-up of microlensing events, and future routine discoveries of isolated neutron stars and black holes., Comment: submitted to AAS Journals
Published: 2024

41. Uptake of sympagic organic carbon by the Barents Sea benthos linked to sea ice seasonality

Author: Ivan J. Cautain, Kim S. Last, David McKee, Bodil A. Bluhm, Paul E. Renaud, Amanda F. Ziegler, and Bhavani E. Narayanaswamy
Subjects: highly branched isoprenoids (HBI), sympagic-benthic coupling, biomarker, organic matter, seasonal ice cover, Arctic megabenthos, Science, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, QH1-199.5
Abstract: On Arctic shelves, where primary production occurs in both the pelagic and sympagic (ice-associated) habitats, sympagic organic material (OM) can constitute a disproportionate fraction of benthic diets due to higher sinking rates and lower grazing pressure than pelagic OM. Less documented is how sympagic OM assimilation across feeding guilds varies seasonally and in relation to sea ice duation. We therefore investigated the relative abundance of sympagic vs pelagic OM in Barents Sea shelf megabenthos in the summer and winter of 2018 and 2019, from 10 stations where sea ice duration ranged from 0 to 245 days per year. We use highly branched isoprenoids, which are lipid biomarkers produced with distinct molecular structures by diatoms in sea ice and the water column, to determine the ratio of sympagic-to-pelagic OM assimilated by benthic organisms. From 114 samples of 25 taxa analysed, we found that the proportion of sympagic OM assimilated ranged from 0.4% to 95.8% and correlated strongly (r2 = 0.754) with the duration of sea ice cover. The effect of sea ice duration was more evident in fauna collected during summer than winter, indicating that sympagic signals are more evident in the summer than in the winter at higher latitudes. Our data show that sympagic production can supply a high fraction of carbon for Barents Sea benthos, although this is highly variable and likely dependent on availability and patchiness of sympagic OM deposition. These results are comparable to similar studies conducted on benthos in the Pacific Arctic and highlight the variable importance of sympagic OM in the seasonal ice zone of Arctic inflow shelves, which are the Arctic regions with highest rates of sea ice loss.
Published: 2022
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42. Disentangling species-specific krill responses to local oceanography and predator’s biomass: The case of the Humboldt krill and the Peruvian anchovy

Author: Macarena Díaz-Astudillo, Ramiro Riquelme-Bugueño, Kim S. Bernard, Gonzalo S. Saldías, Reinaldo Rivera, and Jaime Letelier
Subjects: euphausiids, upwelling, El Niño, generalized additive models, trophic interactions, planktivorous fish, Science, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, QH1-199.5
Abstract: Euphausiids (hereafter “krill”) are one of the main components of the pelagic communities of the Humboldt Current System (HCS). Their community dynamics have been well studied in central-southern Chile where upwelling is strongly seasonal, but little is known about the permanent-upwelling area of the HCS, which yields the largest fishery in the world, the Peruvian anchovy. We applied hierarchical generalized additive models with environmental and biological predictors to determine the main drivers of krill abundance, adjusting species-specific functions. We used a time series of 16 bi-annual surveys to study annual, seasonal, and spatial scales of variability of the four numerically dominant taxa: Euphausia mucronata (Humboldt krill), E. eximia, Stylocheiron affine, and Nematoscelis spp. The spatial pattern of the Humboldt krill (the dominant species) proved it is an upwelling-associated species, with higher abundances within 10 km from the coast. The other 3 taxa showed opposite spatial patterns with higher abundances offshore. The main covariates explaining krill abundances were the depth of the upper limit of the oxygen minimum zone (dOMZ) and the mean temperature of the water column. Humboldt krill was negatively correlated to both drivers, and the opposite effect was observed for the other taxa. Although many krill species are metabolically adapted to cope with the severe hypoxic conditions of this system, the Humboldt krill was the only species with higher modeled abundances when dOMZ was shallower. Chlorophyll-a remained high during all sampling periods, and it was an insignificant predictor for all taxa, suggesting food is not a limitation for krill in this highly productive system. The acoustic biomass of the Peruvian anchovy had a negative non-linear effect on the abundances of the Humboldt krill, and higher Humboldt krill abundances were found in areas with no anchovy hotspots. Our results indicate that krill in this system are susceptible to changes in temperature, oxygen, and upwelling conditions. Extreme events (e.g. heatwaves and ENSO events) are expected to increase in frequency and intensity, while climate change scenarios show a potential intensification of upwelling. These conditions could lead to distribution displacements and alter trophic interactions by modifying the distribution and biomass of the predator.
Published: 2022
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43. Winter condition, physiology, and growth potential of juvenile Antarctic krill

Author: Kim S. Bernard, Kirsten B. Steinke, and Julia M. Fontana
Subjects: Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, winter, energy budget, physiology, condition, Science, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, QH1-199.5
Abstract: In recent years, substantial efforts have been made to understand the implications of climate change on Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, because of their pivotal role in the Southern Ocean food web and in biogeochemical cycling. Winter is one of the least studied seasons in Antarctica and we have limited understanding about the strategies Antarctic krill use to survive the winter. In particular, data on the winter physiology and condition of juvenile Antarctic krill are severely lacking. From May to September (the austral autumn-winter) of 2019, we maintained juvenile Antarctic krill in large (1,330 L) aquarium tanks at Palmer Station, Antarctica and, at monthly time intervals, measured their physiology and condition. Each tank served as a “food environment scenario”, representing possible food environments the krill may encounter during winter along the Western Antarctic Peninsula. We found that, unlike adults, juvenile krill maintain relatively high respiration rates through the winter and respond positively to increased food concentrations by increasing their ingestion rates. Unlike larval krill, juveniles use lipid stores accumulated during the summer and autumn to sustain themselves through periods of starvation in the winter. We used our empirically derived measurements of physiology and condition to estimate the energy budget and growth potential of juvenile krill during the winter. We found that, given their comparatively high respiration rates, small juvenile krill (20 mg dry weight) would need to encounter food at concentrations of ~ 0.15 mg C L-1 daily to avoid loss of body carbon. Without sufficient lipid reserves, this value increases to ~ 0.54 mg C L-1, daily. The health of juvenile krill in the wintertime is dependent on their ability to accumulate lipid stores in the summer and autumn and to find sufficient food during the winter. Changes in food availability to Antarctic krill throughout the year may become problematic to juvenile krill in the future. Understanding the variability in the winter energy budget of juvenile Antarctic krill will allow us to improve population models that make assumptions on seasonal growth patterns.
Published: 2022
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44. Lowering threshold of NaI(Tl) scintillator to 0.7 keV in the COSINE-100 experiment

Author: Yu, G. H., Carlin, N., Cho, J. Y., Choi, J. J., Choi, S., Ezeribe, A. C., França, L. E., Ha, C., Hahn, I. S., Hollick, S. J., Jeon, E. J., Joo, H. W., Kang, W. G., Kauer, M., Kim, B. H., Kim, H. J., Kim, J., Kim, K. W., Kim, S. H., Kim, S. K., Kim, W. K., Kim, Y. D., Kim, Y. H., Ko, Y. J., Lee, D. H., Lee, E. K., Lee, H., Lee, H. S., Lee, H. Y., Lee, I. S., Lee, J., Lee, J. Y., Lee, M. H., Lee, S. H., Lee, S. M., Lee, Y. J., Leonard, D. S., Luan, N. T., Machado, V. H. A., Manzato, B. B., Maruyama, R. H., Neal, R. J., Olsen, S. L., Park, B. J., Park, H. K., Park, H. S., Park, J. C., Park, K. S., Park, S. D., Pitta, R. L. C., Prihtiadi, H., Ra, S. J., Rott, C., Shin, K. A., Cavalcante, D. F. F. S., Son, M. K., Spooner, N. J. C., Truc, L. T., and Yang, L.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: COSINE-100 is a direct dark matter search experiment, with the primary goal of testing the annual modulation signal observed by DAMA/LIBRA, using the same target material, NaI(Tl). In previous analyses, we achieved the same 1 keV energy threshold used in the DAMA/LIBRA's analysis that reported an annual modulation signal with 11.6$\sigma$ significance. In this article, we report an improved analysis that lowered the threshold to 0.7 keV, thanks to the application of Multi-Layer Perception network and a new likelihood parameter with waveforms in the frequency domain. The lower threshold would enable a better comparison of COSINE-100 with new DAMA results with a 0.75 keV threshold and account for differences in quenching factors. Furthermore the lower threshold can enhance COSINE-100's sensitivity to sub-GeV dark matter searches.
Published: 2024

45. Improved background modeling for dark matter search with COSINE-100

Author: Yu, G. H., Carlin, N., Cho, J. Y., Choi, J. J., Choi, S., Ezeribe, A. C., Franca, L. E., Ha, C., Hahn, I. S., Hollick, S. J., Jeon, E. J., Joo, H. W., Kang, W. G., Kauer, M., Kim, B. H., Kim, H. J., Kim, J., Kim, K. W., Kim, S. H., Kim, S. K., Kim, W. K., Kim, Y. D., Kim, Y. H., Ko, Y. J., Lee, D. H., Lee, E. K., Lee, H., Lee, H. S., Lee, H. Y., Lee, I. S., Lee, J., Lee, J. Y., Lee, M. H., Lee, S. H., Lee, S. M., Lee, Y. J., Leonard, D. S., Luan, N. T., Manzato, B. B., Maruyama, R. H., Neal, R. J., Olsen, S. L., Park, B. J., Park, H. K., Park, H. S., Park, J. C., Park, K. S., Park, S. D., Pitta, R. L. C., Prihtiadi, H., Ra, S. J., Rott, C., Shin, K. A., Cavalcante, D. F. F. S., Son, M. K., Spooner, N. J. C., Truc, L. T., and Yang, L.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: COSINE-100 aims to conclusively test the claimed dark matter annual modulation signal detected by DAMA/LIBRA collaboration. DAMA/LIBRA has released updated analysis results by lowering the energy threshold to 0.75 keV through various upgrades. They have consistently claimed to have observed the annual modulation. In COSINE-100, it is crucial to lower the energy threshold for a direct comparison with DAMA/LIBRA, which also enhances the sensitivity of the search for low-mass dark matter, enabling COSINE-100 to explore this area. Therefore, it is essential to have a precise and quantitative understanding of the background spectrum across all energy ranges. This study expands the background modeling from 0.7 to 4000 keV using 2.82 years of COSINE-100 data. The modeling has been improved to describe the background spectrum across all energy ranges accurately. Assessments of the background spectrum are presented, considering the nonproportionality of NaI(Tl) crystals at both low and high energies and the characteristic X-rays produced by the interaction of external backgrounds with materials such as copper. Additionally, constraints on the fit parameters obtained from the alpha spectrum modeling fit are integrated into this model. These improvements are detailed in the paper.
Published: 2024

46. First Direct Search for Light Dark Matter Using the NEON Experiment at a Nuclear Reactor

Author: Choi, J. J., Ha, C., Jeon, E. J., Kim, J. Y., Kim, K. W., Kim, S. H., Kim, S. K., Kim, Y. D., Ko, Y. J., Koh, B. C., Lee, S. H., Lee, I. S., Lee, H., Lee, H. S., Lee, J. S., Oh, Y. M., and Park, B. J.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We report new results from the Neutrino Elastic Scattering Observation with NaI (NEON) experiment in the search for light dark matter (LDM) using 2,636 kg$\cdot$days of NaI(Tl) exposure. The experiment employs an array of NaI(Tl) crystals with a total mass of 16.7 kg, located 23.7 meters away from a 2.8 GW thermal power nuclear reactor. We investigated LDM produced by the $\textit{invisible decay}$ of dark photons generated by high-flux photons during reactor operation. The energy spectra collected during reactor-on and reactor-off periods were compared within the LDM signal region of $1-10$ keV. No signal consistent with LDM interaction with electrons was observed, allowing us to set 90% confidence level exclusion limits for the dark matter-electron scattering cross-section ($\sigma_e$) across dark matter masses ranging from 1 keV/c$^2$ to 1 MeV/c$^2$. Our results set a 90% confidence level upper limit of $\sigma_e = 3.17\times10^{-35}~\mathrm{cm^2}$ for a dark matter mass of 100 keV/c$^2$, marking the best laboratory result in this mass range. Additionally, our search extends the coverage of LDM below 100 keV/c$^2$ first time.
Published: 2024

47. Development of MMC-based lithium molybdate cryogenic calorimeters for AMoRE-II

Author: Agrawal, A., Alenkov, V. V., Aryal, P., Bae, H., Beyer, J., Bhandari, B., Boiko, R. S., Boonin, K., Buzanov, O., Byeon, C. R., Chanthima, N., Cheoun, M. K., Choe, J. S., Choi, S., Choudhury, S., Chung, J. S., Danevich, F. A., Djamal, M., Drung, D., Enss, C., Fleischmann, A., Gangapshev, A. M., Gastaldo, L., Gavrilyuk, Y. M., Gezhaev, A. M., Gileva, O., Grigorieva, V. D., Gurentsov, V. I., Ha, C., Ha, D. H., Ha, E. J., Hwang, D. H., Jeon, E. J., Jeon, J. A., Jo, H. S., Kaewkhao, J., Kang, C. S., Kang, W. G., Kazalov, V. V., Kempf, S., Khan, A., Khan, S., Kim, D. Y., Kim, G. W., Kim, H. B., Kim, H. J., Kim, H. L., Kim, H. S., Kim, M. B., Kim, S. C., Kim, S. K., Kim, S. R., Kim, W. T., Kim, Y. D., Kim, Y. H., Kirdsiri, K., Ko, Y. J., Kobychev, V. V., Kornoukhov, V., Kuzminov, V. V., Kwon, D. H., Lee, C. H., Lee, D. Y., Lee, E. K., Lee, H. J., Lee, H. S., Lee, J., Lee, J. Y., Lee, K. B., Lee, M. H., Lee, M. K., Lee, S. W., Lee, Y. C., Leonard, D. S., Lim, H. S., Mailyan, B., Makarov, E. P., Nyanda, P., Oh, Y., Olsen, S. L., Panasenko, S. I., Park, H. K., Park, H. S., Park, K. S., Park, S. Y., Polischuk, O. G., Prihtiadi, H., Ra, S., Ratkevich, S. S., Rooh, G., Sari, M. B., Seo, J., Seo, K. M., Sharma, B., Shin, K. A., Shlegel, V. N., Siyeon, K., So, J., Sokur, N. V., Son, J. K., Song, J. W., Srisittipokakun, N., Tretyak, V. I., Wirawan, R., Woo, K. R., Yeon, H. J., Yoon, Y. S., and Yue, Q.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The AMoRE collaboration searches for neutrinoless double beta decay of $^{100}$Mo using molybdate scintillating crystals via low temperature thermal calorimetric detection. The early phases of the experiment, AMoRE-pilot and AMoRE-I, have demonstrated competitive discovery potential. Presently, the AMoRE-II experiment, featuring a large detector array with about 90 kg of $^{100}$Mo isotope, is under construction.This paper discusses the baseline design and characterization of the lithium molybdate cryogenic calorimeters to be used in the AMoRE-II detector modules. The results from prototype setups that incorporate new housing structures and two different crystal masses (316 g and 517 - 521 g), operated at 10 mK temperature, show energy resolutions (FWHM) of 7.55 - 8.82 keV at the 2.615 MeV $^{208}$Tl $\gamma$ line, and effective light detection of 0.79 - 0.96 keV/MeV. The simultaneous heat and light detection enables clear separation of alpha particles with a discrimination power of 12.37 - 19.50 at the energy region around $^6$Li(n, $\alpha$)$^3$H with Q-value = 4.785 MeV. Promising detector performances were demonstrated at temperatures as high as 30 mK, which relaxes the temperature constraints for operating the large AMoRE-II array.
Published: 2024

48. Improved limit on neutrinoless double beta decay of $^{100}$Mo from AMoRE-I

Author: Agrawal, A., Alenkov, V. V., Aryal, P., Beyer, J., Bhandari, B., Boiko, R. S., Boonin, K., Buzanov, O., Byeon, C. R., Chanthima, N., Cheoun, M. K., Choe, J. S., Choi, Seonho, Choudhury, S., Chung, J. S., Danevich, F. A., Djamal, M., Drung, D., Enss, C., Fleischmann, A., Gangapshev, A. M., Gastaldo, L., Gavrilyuk, Y. M., Gezhaev, A. M., Gileva, O., Grigorieva, V. D., Gurentsov, V. I., Ha, C., Ha, D. H., Ha, E. J., Hwang, D. H., Jeon, E. J., Jeon, J. A., Jo, H. S., Kaewkhao, J., Kang, C. S., Kang, W. G., Kazalov, V. V., Kempf, S., Khan, A., Khan, S., Kim, D. Y., Kim, G. W., Kim, H. B., Kim, Ho-Jong, Kim, H. J., Kim, H. L., Kim, H. S., Kim, M. B., Kim, S. C., Kim, S. K., Kim, S. R., Kim, W. T., Kim, Y. D., Kim, Y. H., Kirdsiri, K., Ko, Y. J., Kobychev, V. V., Kornoukhov, V., Kuzminov, V. V., Kwon, D. H., Lee, C. H., Lee, DongYeup, Lee, E. K., Lee, H. J., Lee, H. S., Lee, J., Lee, J. Y., Lee, K. B., Lee, M. H., Lee, M. K., Lee, S. W., Lee, Y. C., Leonard, D. S., Lim, H. S., Mailyan, B., Makarov, E. P., Nyanda, P., Oh, Y., Olsen, S. L., Panasenko, S. I., Park, H. K., Park, H. S., Park, K. S., Park, S. Y., Polischuk, O. G., Prihtiadi, H., Ra, S., Ratkevich, S. S., Rooh, G., Sari, M. B., Seo, J., Seo, K. M., Sharma, B., Shin, K. A., Shlegel, V. N., Siyeon, K., So, J., Sokur, N. V., Son, J. K., Song, J. W., Srisittipokakun, N., Tretyak, V. I., Wirawan, R., Woo, K. R., Yeon, H. J., Yoon, Y. S., and Yue, Q.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: AMoRE searches for the signature of neutrinoless double beta decay of $^{100}$Mo with a 100 kg sample of enriched $^{100}$Mo. Scintillating molybdate crystals coupled with a metallic magnetic calorimeter operate at milli-Kelvin temperatures to measure the energy of electrons emitted in the decay. As a demonstration of the full-scale AMoRE, we conducted AMoRE-I, a pre-experiment with 18 molybdate crystals, at the Yangyang Underground Laboratory for over two years. The exposure was 8.02 kg$\cdot$year (or 3.89 kg$_{\mathrm{^{100}Mo}}\cdot$year) and the total background rate near the Q-value was 0.025 $\pm$ 0.002 counts/keV/kg/year. We observed no indication of $0\nu\beta\beta$ decay and report a new lower limit of the half-life of $^{100}$Mo $0\nu\beta\beta$ decay as $ T^{0\nu}_{1/2}>3.0\times10^{24}~\mathrm{years}$ at 90\% confidence level. The effective Majorana mass limit range is $m_{\beta\beta}<$(210--610) meV using nuclear matrix elements estimated in the framework of different models, including the recent shell model calculations., Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2024

49. Projected background and sensitivity of AMoRE-II

Author: Agrawal, A., Alenkov, V. V., Aryal, P., Beyer, J., Bhandari, B., Boiko, R. S., Boonin, K., Buzanov, O., Byeon, C. R., Chanthima, N., Cheoun, M. K., Choe, J. S., Choi, Seonho, Choudhury, S., Chung, J. S., Danevich, F. A., Djamal, M., Drung, D., Enss, C., Fleischmann, A., Gangapshev, A. M., Gastaldo, L., Gavrilyuk, Y. M., Gezhaev, A. M., Gileva, O., Grigorieva, V. D., Gurentsov, V. I., Ha, C., Ha, D. H., Ha, E. J., Hwnag, D. H., Jeon, E. J., Jeon, J. A., Jo, H. S., Kaewkhao, J., Kang, C. S., Kang, W. G., Kazalov, V. V., Kempf, S., Khan, A., Khan, S., Kim, D. Y., Kim, G. W., Kim, H. B., Kim, Ho-Jong, Kim, H. J., Kim, H. L., Kim, H. S., Kim, M. B., Kim, S. C., Kim, S. K., Kim, S. R., Kim, W. T., Kim, Y. D., Kim, Y. H., Kirdsiri, K., Ko, Y. J., Kobychev, V. V., Kuzminov, V. Kornoukhov V. V., Kwon, D. H., Lee, C. H., Lee, D. Y., Lee, E. K., Lee, H. J., Lee, H. S., Lee, J., Lee, J. Y., Lee, K. B., Lee, M. H., Lee, M. K., Lee, S. W., Lee, Y. C., Leonard, D. S., Lim, H. S., Mailyan, B., Makarov, E. P., Nyanda, P., Oh, Y., Olsen, S. L., Panasenko, S. I., Park, H. K., Park, H. S., Park, K. S., Park, S. Y., Polischuk, O. G., Prihtiadi, H., Ra, S., Rooh, S. S. Ratkevich G., Sari, M. B., Seo, J., Seo, K. M., Sharma, B., Shin, K. A., Shlegel, V. N., Siyeon, K., So, J., Sokur, N. V., Son, J. K., Song, J. W., Srisittipokakun, N., Tretyak, V. I., Wirawan, R., Woo, K. R., Yeon, H. J., Yoon, Y. S., and Yue, Q.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: AMoRE-II aims to search for neutrinoless double beta decay with an array of 423 Li$_2$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ crystals operating in the cryogenic system as the main phase of the Advanced Molybdenum-based Rare process Experiment (AMoRE). AMoRE has been planned to operate in three phases: AMoRE-pilot, AMoRE-I, and AMoRE-II. AMoRE-II is currently being installed at the Yemi Underground Laboratory, located approximately 1000 meters deep in Jeongseon, Korea. The goal of AMoRE-II is to reach up to $T^{0\nu\beta\beta}_{1/2}$ $\sim$ 6 $\times$ 10$^{26}$ years, corresponding to an effective Majorana mass of 15 - 29 meV, covering all the inverted mass hierarchy regions. To achieve this, the background level of the experimental configurations and possible background sources of gamma and beta events should be well understood. We have intensively performed Monte Carlo simulations using the GEANT4 toolkit in all the experimental configurations with potential sources. We report the estimated background level that meets the 10$^{-4}$counts/(keV$\cdot$kg$\cdot$yr) requirement for AMoRE-II in the region of interest (ROI) and show the projected half-life sensitivity based on the simulation study.
Published: 2024

50. The Cornell COVID-19 Testing Laboratory: A Model to High-Capacity Testing Hubs for Infectious Disease Emergency Response and Preparedness

Author: Melissa Laverack, Rebecca L. Tallmadge, Roopa Venugopalan, Daniel Sheehan, Scott Ross, Rahim Rustamov, Casey Frederici, Kim S. Potter, François Elvinger, Lorin D. Warnick, Gary A. Koretzky, Robert Lawlis, Elizabeth Plocharczyk, and Diego G. Diel
Subjects: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, diagnostic workflow, surveillance, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract: The unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic posed major challenges to local, regional, and global economies and health systems, and fast clinical diagnostic workflows were urgently needed to contain the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Here, we describe the platform and workflow established at the Cornell COVID-19 Testing Laboratory (CCTL) for the high-throughput testing of clinical samples from the university and the surrounding community. This workflow enabled efficient and rapid detection and the successful control of SARS-CoV-2 infection on campus and its surrounding communities. Our cost-effective and fully automated workflow enabled the testing of over 8000 pooled samples per day and provided results for over 2 million samples. The automation of time- and effort-intensive sample processing steps such as accessioning and pooling increased laboratory efficiency. Customized software applications were developed to track and store samples, deconvolute positive pools, track and report results, and for workflow integration from sample receipt to result reporting. Additionally, quality control dashboards and turnaround-time tracking applications were built to monitor assay and laboratory performance. As infectious disease outbreaks pose a constant threat to both human and animal health, the highly effective workflow implemented at CCTL could be modeled to establish regional high-capacity testing hubs for infectious disease preparedness and emergency response.
Published: 2023
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