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Yoona Choi,1,2,* Bo Kyung Kim,3,4,* Jung-Hyun Won,2,5 Jae Won Yoo,6 Wona Choi,7 Surin Jung,7 Jae Yoon Kim,7,8 In Young Choi,7 Nack-Gyun Chung,6 Jae Wook Lee,6 Jung Yoon Choi,3,4 Hyoung Jin Kang,3,4,9 Howard Lee1,2,5,10,11 1Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 2Center for Convergence Approaches in Drug Development, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 3Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 4Seoul National University Cancer Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 5Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 6Department of Pediatrics, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 7Department of Medical Informatics, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 8Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 9Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 10Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon, Republic of Korea; 11Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Howard Lee, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea, Email howardlee@snu.ac.kr Hyoung Jin Kang, Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea, Email kanghj@snu.ac.krBackground: Rapid reduction of leukemic cells in the bone marrow during remission induction chemotherapy (RIC) can lead to significant complications such as tumor lysis syndrome (TLS). We investigated whether prephase steroid treatment before RIC could decrease TLS incidence and improve overall survival in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).Methods: Data were extracted from the Common Data Model databases in two tertiary-care hospitals in Seoul, South Korea. Patients were classified into the treated or untreated group if they had received RIC with prephase steroid treatment ≥ 7 days before RIC in 2012– 2021 or not, respectively. Stabilized Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting (sIPTW) was applied to ensure compatibility between the treated and untreated groups. The incidence of TLS within 14 days of starting RIC, overall survival (OS), and the incidence of adverse events of special interest were the primary endpoints. Multiple sensitivity analyses were performed.Results: Baseline characteristics were effectively balanced between the treated (n=308.4) and untreated (n=246.6) groups after sIPTW. Prephase steroid treatment was associated with a significant 88% reduction in the risk of TLS (OR 0.12, 95% CI: 0.03– 0.41). OS was numerically greater in the treated group than in the untreated group although the difference was not statistically significant (HR 0.64, 95% CI 0.25– 1.64). The treated group experienced significantly elevated risks for hyperbilirubinemia and hyperglycemia. The reduction in TLS risk by prephase steroid treatment was maintained in all of the sensitivity analyses.Conclusion: Prephase steroid treatment for ≥ 7 days before RIC in pediatric patients with ALL reduces the risk of TLS, while careful monitoring for toxicities is necessary. If adequately analyzed, real-world data can provide crucial effectiveness and safety information for proper management of pediatric patients with ALL, for whom prospective randomized studies may be difficult to perform for ethical and practical reasons.Keywords: pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia, tumor lysis syndrome, remission induction chemotherapy, prephase steroid treatment, common data model

Hyewon Seo,1 Yun Su Sim,2 Kyung Hoon Min,3 Jae Ha Lee,4 Byung-Keun Kim,5 Yeon Mok Oh,6 Seung Won Ra,7 Tae-Hyung Kim,8 Yong Il Hwang,9 Jeong-Woong Park10 1Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; 2Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 3Division of Pulmonology, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 4Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea; 5Division of Pulmonology, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 6Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 7Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea; 8Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Republic of Korea; 9Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea; 10Department of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of KoreaCorrespondence: Jeong-Woong Park, Department of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Namdong-daero 774 beon-gil, Namdong, Incheon, 21565, Republic of Korea, Tel +82-10-5574-0164, Fax +82-32-469-4320, Email jwpark@gilhospital.comPurpose: Data regarding the relationship between microbiologic features and comorbidities in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) are limited. The aim of this study was to correlate microbiologic findings with comorbidities in patients with moderate to severe AECOPD.Patients and Methods: This multicenter observational study included patients with AECOPD seen at 28 hospitals in South Korea between January 2015 and December 2018, and the data were retrospectively collected. Pathogens were examined in patients with either pulmonary or extrapulmonary comorbidities, and compared to those of patients without comorbidities. The relationship between pathogen type and the number of comorbidities was also evaluated.Results: Bacterial infections (178 [37.2%] vs 203 [28.7%], p = 0.002) and co-infections with bacteria and viruses (65 [13.6%] vs 57 [8.1%], p = 0.002) were more prevalent in patients with pulmonary comorbidities. Bacterial pathogens (280 [34.7%] vs 101 [26.7%], p=0.006) were detected at a higher rate in patients with extrapulmonary comorbidities. Previous pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), bronchiectasis, and diabetes mellitus were risk factors for bacterial infection, and congestive heart failure was a risk factor for bacterial and viral co-infection. As the number of comorbidities increased, the risk of bacterial infection increased considerably. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was more frequently identified in patients with previous PTB (57 [15.3%] vs 59 [7.4%], p < 0.001) and bronchiectasis (33 [19.6%] vs 83 [8.3%], p < 0.001).Conclusion: AECOPD patients with comorbidities were more likely to experience infection-related exacerbations compared to those without comorbidities. As the overall number of comorbidities increased, the risk of bacterial infection increased significantly.Keywords: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, acute exacerbation, comorbidity, bacteria, virus

Hye Won Lee,1– 3,* Hyun Woong Lee,4,* Jae Seung Lee,1– 3 Yun Ho Roh,5 Hyein Lee,3 Seung Up Kim,1– 3 Jun Yong Park,1– 3 Do Young Kim,1– 3 Sang Hoon Ahn,1– 3 Beom Kyung Kim1– 3 1Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 2Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 3Yonsei Liver Center, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 4Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 5Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Beom Kyung KimDepartment of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun–Gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of KoreaTel +82-2-2228-1930Fax +82-2-393-6884Email beomkkim@yuhs.acBackground: Dynamic changes in fibrosis markers occur under long-term antiviral treatment (AVT) for chronic hepatitis B. We evaluated prognostic values of on-treatment liver stiffness (LS) compared to ultrasonography findings and determined its optimal cutoff.Methods: The cumulative probability of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was assessed among 880 patients receiving entecavir or tenofovir for ≥ 2 years. LS was measured using transient elastography.Results: After ≥ 2 years’ AVT, the proportion of patients with cirrhosis on ultrasonography decreased from 54.7% to 44.9% and the mean LS decreased from 13.6 to 8.2 kPa (both p< 0.001). However, unlike cirrhosis on ultrasonography before AVT (p< 0.001), that after ≥ 2 years’ AVT did not discriminate HCC risk (p=0.792). Using the Contal and O’Quigley’s method, pre-AVT and on-treatment LS of 12.0 and 6.4 kPa, respectively, were chosen as optimal cutoffs to successfully discriminate HCC risk (both p< 0.001). However, through stratification using both pre-AVT and on-treatment LS, the prognosis was finally determined according to on-treatment LS of 6.4 kPa, regardless of pre-AVT LS of 12.0 kPa. Using on-treatment LS of 12 kPa suggested by Caucasians with CHB receiving long-term AVT, patients with higher LS were more likely to develop HCC than those with lower LS (p=0.017); however, there was no significant difference between those with on-treatment LS of 6.4– 11.9 and ≥ 12.0 kPa (p=0.920).Conclusion: For HCC risk stratification in patients receiving long-term AVT, on-treatment LS cutoff should be lowered to 6.4 kPa, which is more predictive than 12 kPa or cirrhosis on ultrasonography. Further studies are required for validation.Keywords: antiviral treatment, hepatitis B, liver stiffness, hepatocellular carcinoma

Chi Young Kim,1,2 Beong Ki Kim,1 Yu Jin Kim,1 Seung Heon Lee,1 Young Sam Kim,3 Je Hyeong Kim1 1Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea; 2Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 3Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Chest Diseases, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of KoreaCorrespondence: Je Hyeong KimDivision of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, 123, Jeogguem-ro, Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 15355, Republic of KoreaTel +82-31-412-5950Fax +82-31-413-5950, Email chepraxis@korea.ac.krBackground: Socioeconomic status (SES) is a strong determinant in the development of various diseases. We evaluated the relationship between SES and the incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by using a community-based cohort data.Patients and Methods: Four-year follow-up data of 6341 adults (aged ≥ 40 years), who underwent serial pulmonary function test were analyzed. Incidence of COPD in the participants was defined as the absence of airflow obstruction compatible with COPD (pre-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity ratio of < 0.7) at baseline but documentation of airflow obstruction in serial testing. SES of patients was divided into quartiles according to household income and educational level. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate the association between SES and COPD incidence.Results: A total of 280 (4.4%) patients developed COPD during the follow-up. The proportion of subjects with lowest education (elementary school) and lowest household income levels (1st quartile) was significantly higher in the COPD group than in the non-COPD group (37.9% vs 29.5%, p< 0.011 and 48.4% vs 30.8%, p< 0.001, respectively). Logistic regression analysis revealed that education level of elementary school was independently associated with COPD incidence after adjustment for sex, age, body mass index, white blood cell count, residence area, and occupation (odds ratio 1.879, 95% confidence interval 1.124– 3.141, p=0.016).Conclusion: In the general population, educational level of elementary school was an independent risk factor for COPD among the components comprising SES. Our results indicate that the implementation of preventive strategies for COPD in those with low educational status could be beneficial.Keywords: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, socioeconomic status, education level, incidence, prevalence

Sojung Han,1,2 Hye Won Lee,1– 3 Jun Yong Park,1– 3 Seung Up Kim,1– 3 Do Young Kim,1– 3 Sang Hoon Ahn,1– 3 Kwang-Hyub Han,1 Jinsil Seong,4 Jong Yun Won,5 Dai Hoon Han,2,6,7,* Beom Kyung Kim1– 3,* 1Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 2Yonsei Liver Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 3Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 4Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 5Department of Radiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 6Liver Cancer Center, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 7Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea*These authors contributed equally to this work.Correspondence: Dai Hoon HanDepartment of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun–Gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of KoreaTel +82-2-2228-2139Fax +82-2-313-8289Email dhhan@yuhs.acBeom Kyung KimDepartment of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun–gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of KoreaTel +82-2-2228-1930Fax +82-2-393-6884Email beomkkim@yuhs.acBackgrounds and Aims: Molecular-targeted agents are acceptable standards to treat advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), however, their therapeutic benefit, ie, sorafenib, was significantly offset in case of major vessel invasion. Liver-directed concurrent chemo-radiotherapy (LD-CCRT) provided favorable outcomes in terms of survivals and tumor shrinkage, so, we appraised its long-term therapeutic efficacy.Patients and Methods: Advanced HCC patients with portal vein invasion (main trunk or the 1st order branch) were enrolled. During a 5-week radiotherapy course, concurrent hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) with 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin was administered through an implanted port on the first and last 5 days. Four weeks after LD-CCRT, a maintenance HAIC using 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin was administered every 4 weeks.Results: Among 152 patients, the objective response rates as the best response by modified Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors were 48.0% after LD-CCRT and 55.3% during subsequent HAIC maintenance. After LD-CCRT, biological responses in alpha-fetoprotein and protein induced by the absence of vitamin K or antagonist-II levels were achieved in 46.2% and 52.6%, respectively. Sixteen patients (10.5%) underwent curative resection or liver transplantation after down-staging. Median overall survival and progression-free survival were 13.5 and 6.9 months, respectively.Conclusion: LD-CCRT followed by maintenance HAIC yielded favorable survival outcomes in advanced HCC patients with major portal vein invasion. Through initial tumor reduction, LD-CCRT induced down-staging with subsequent curative treatment feasible in 10.5% of patients, resulting in long-term survival. Further prospective trials are warranted to confirm these results.Keywords: hepatocellular carcinoma, portal vein invasion, concurrent chemoradiotherapy, prognosis, response

Boram Lee,1 Bo-Kyung Kim,2 Hyeong-Jun Kim,3 In Chul Jung,4 Ae-Ran Kim,1 Hyo-Ju Park,1 O-Jin Kwon,1 Jun-Hwan Lee,1,5 Joo-Hee Kim6,7 1Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; 2Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea; 3Department of Oriental Gynecology, Jecheon Oriental Hospital of Semyung University, Jecheon, Republic of Korea; 4Department of Neuropsychiatry, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; 5Korean Medicine Life Science, University of Science & Technology (UST), Campus of Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; 6Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea; 7Research Institute of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do 26339, Republic of KoreaCorrespondence: Joo-Hee KimDepartment of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, 83, Sangjidae-gil, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of KoreaTel +82 33 741 9268Fax +82 33 741 9141Email jhkim714v@gmail.comPurpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of electroacupuncture in treating insomnia.Patients and Methods: In a multicenter, randomized, assessor-blinded, controlled trial, 150 patients with DSM-5-diagnosed insomnia with Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) scores ≥ 15 were randomly assigned to three different groups that underwent 10 sessions of electroacupuncture, sham-electroacupuncture, or usual care for 4 weeks from October 2015 to June 2016 at four Korean medicine hospitals, Republic of Korea. The primary outcome included the ISI score at Week 4; the secondary outcomes included evaluations of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), sleep diary, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), EuroQoL five dimension (EQ-5D), Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC), and salivary melatonin and cortisol levels. Assessments were performed at baseline (Week 0) and at Weeks 2, 4, 8, and 12.Results: Compared with the usual care group, electroacupuncture group showed a greater improvement in ISI, PSQI, sleep diary-derived variables and HADS and EQ-5D scores at Week 4. The effects mostly persisted until Week 12. There were no significant differences between electroacupuncture and sham-electroacupuncture groups at Week 4 in all outcome measures, except sleep diary-derived sleep efficiency. However, the ISI score showed a significant difference between these groups at Weeks 8 and 12. Treatment success as per PGIC was significantly and borderline higher for electroacupuncture compared with usual care and sham-electroacupuncture, respectively. No significant changes in salivary melatonin and cortisol levels before and after treatment were observed in all groups. No serious adverse events were reported. Blinding was maintained in the sham-electroacupuncture group.Conclusion: Ten sessions of electroacupuncture can improve the sleep quality of patients with insomnia without serious adverse effects. Thus, it can be recommended as an effective, safe, and well-tolerated intervention.Keywords: electroacupuncture, insomnia, sleep initiation and maintenance disorders, randomized controlled trial

Bu Ki Kim,1 Young Taek Chung2 1Onnuri Smile Eye Clinic, Gangnam-Daero 65 Gil, Seoul, Seocho-gu, Republic of Korea; 2Onnuri Eye Hospital, Baekje-Daero, Wansan-Gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of KoreaCorrespondence: Young Taek Chung 325, Baekje-Daero, Wansan-Gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of KoreaTel +82 63 277 2774Email ytchungc@hanmail.netPurpose: To report 12-month results of small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) in the treatment of myopia with corneal guttae (CG).Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 12 eyes from six patients who had preoperative CG without clinical sign of Fuchs’ endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) and had SMILE for correction of myopia. Preoperative and 12-month postoperative measurements included uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), spherical equivalent (SE), endothelial cell density (ECD), the coefficient of variation (CV), the percentage of hexagonal cells (HEX), and central corneal thickness (CCT). The changes in ECD, CV, HEX, and CCT after SMILE were subjected to statistical analysis.Results: Twelve months postoperatively, the mean SE was − 0.10 ± 0.32 D and all eyes had a UDVA of 0 logMAR or better. No eyes developed corneal edema or other complication during the follow-up period. There were no significant changes in the ECD, CV, or HEX at 12 months (all p> 0.05).Conclusion: SMILE yielded improvement in visual acuity and no adverse effects to corneal endothelial cells were found when correcting myopia or myopic astigmatism in patients with CG. However, studies with a greater number of patients and longer follow-up periods are needed to establish the long-term outcomes and safety.Keywords: small incision lenticule extraction, SMILE, corneal guttae, Fuchs’ endothelial corneal dystrophy

Hae Won Lee*,1,2, Sook Jin Seong*,1,2, Woo Youl Kang1,2, Boram Ohk1,2, Mi-Ri Gwon1,2, Bo Kyung Kim1,2, Seungil Cho1,2, Kyunghee Cho3, Yong Kyung Sung4, Young-Ran Yoon1,2, Jong Gwang Kim5 1Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; 2Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea; 3Analytical Research Division, Biocore Co. Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea; 4Department of R&D, Myungmoon Pharm. Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea; 5Department of Oncology/Hematology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Cancer Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Young-Ran YoonDepartment of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 130 Dongduk-Ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of KoreaTel +82 53 420 4950Fax +82 53 426 4944Email yry@knu.ac.krJong Gwang KimDepartment of Oncology/Hematology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Cancer Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, 130 Dongduk-Ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of KoreaTel +82 53 200 6522Fax +82 53 420 5218Email jkk21c@knu.ac.krPurpose: S-1 is an oral fluoropyrimidine anticancer drug consisting of the 5-fluorouracil prodrug tegafur combined with gimeracil and oteracil. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic (PK), bioequivalence, and safety of a newly developed generic formulation of S-1 compared with the branded reference formulation, in Korean gastric cancer patients.Methods: This was a single-center, randomized, open-label, single-dose, two-treatment, two-way crossover study. Eligible subjects were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive the test formulation or reference formulation, followed by a one-week washout period and administration of the alternate formulation. Serial blood samples were collected at 0 hrs (predose), 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 36, and 48 hrs after dosing in each period. The plasma concentrations of tegafur, 5-FU, gimeracil, and oteracil were analyzed using a validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. The PK parameters were calculated using a non-compartmental method.Results: In total, 29 subjects completed the study. All of the 90% confidence intervals (CIs) of the geometric mean ratios (GMRs) fell within the predetermined acceptance range. No serious adverse events were reported during the study.Conclusion: The new S-1 formulation met the Korean regulatory requirement for bioequivalence. Both S-1 formulations were well tolerated in all subjects.Clinical trial registry: https://cris.nih.go.kr CRIS KCT0003855.Keywords: S-1, pharmacokinetics, bioequivalence, tegafur, gimeracil, oteracil

Woo Youl Kang,1,2,* Sook Jin Seong,1,2,* Boram Ohk,1,2 Mi-Ri Gwon,1,2 Bo Kyung Kim,1,2 Seungil Cho,1,2 Wang-Seob Shim,3 Kyung-Tae Lee,4 Eun Hee Kim,5 Dong Heon Yang,6 Hae Won Lee,1,2 Young-Ran Yoon1,2 1Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; 2Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea; 3Kyung Hee Drug Analysis Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 4College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 5College of Nursing, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea; 6Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea *These authors contributed equally to this work Purpose: A new fixed-dose combination (FDC) formulation of 120 mg fimasartan and 20 mg rosuvastatin was developed to increase therapeutic convenience and improve treatment compliance. Methods: A randomized, open-label, single-dose, two-treatment, two-way crossover study with a 7-day washout period was conducted to compare the pharmacokinetic (PK) characteristics and bioequivalence between an FDC of fimasartan/rosuvastatin and the separate co-administration of fimasartan and rosuvastatin in healthy Korean volunteers. The plasma concentrations of fimasartan and rosuvastatin were analyzed by a validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method, for which serial blood samples were collected for up to 48 hours post-administration of fimasartan and 72 hours post-administration of rosuvastatin, in each period. The PK parameters were calculated using a non-compartmental method. Results: A total of 78 subjects completed the study. All the 90% CIs of the geometric mean ratios (GMRs) fell within the predetermined acceptance range. The GMR and 90% CI for the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time 0 to the last measurement (AUC0–t) and the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) for fimasartan were 0.9999 (0.9391–1.0646) and 1.0399 (0.8665–1.2479), respectively. The GMR and 90% CI for the AUC0–t and Cmax for rosuvastatin were 1.0075 (0.9468–1.0722) and 1.0856 (0.9944–1.1852), respectively. Treatment with fimasartan and rosuvastatin was generally well tolerated without serious adverse events. Conclusion: The new FDC formulation of 120 mg fimasartan and 20 mg rosuvastatin can be substituted for the separate co-administration of fimasartan and rosuvastatin, for the advantage of better compliance with convenient therapeutic administration. Keywords: fixed-dose combination, pharmacokinetics, bioequivalence, fimasartan, rosuvastatin

Woo Youl Kang,1,2,* Sook Jin Seong,1,* Boram Ohk,1,2 Mi-Ri Gwon,1,3 Bo Kyung Kim,1,2 Sookie La,4 Hyun-Ju Kim,3 Seungil Cho,1 Young-Ran Yoon,1,2 Dong Heon Yang,5 Hae Won Lee1 1Clinical Trial Center, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea; 2Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus KNU Bio-Medical Convergence Program for Creative Talent, Kyungpook National University Graduate School, Daegu, Republic of Korea; 3Department of Molecular Medicine, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea; 4Analytical Research Division, Biocore Co Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 5Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine & Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea *These authors contributed equally to this work Purpose: A new fixed-dose combination (FDC) formulation of telmisartan 80 mg and S-amlodipine 5 mg (CKD-828) has been developed to increase convenience (as only one tablet is required per day) and improve treatment compliance.Methods: The pharmacokinetic characteristics and tolerability of an FDC of telmisartan and S-amlodipine were compared to those after coadministration of the individual agents in this randomized, open-label, single-dose, two-way, four-period, crossover study. To analyze the telmisartan and S-amlodipine plasma concentrations using a validated liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method, serial blood samples were collected up to 48 hours post-dose for telmisartan and 144 hours post-dose for S-amlodipine, in each period.Results: Forty-eight healthy subjects were enrolled, and 43 completed the study. The mean peak plasma concentration (Cmax) and the area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time 0 to the last measurement (AUC0–t) values of telmisartan were 522.29 ng/mL and 2,475.16 ng⋅h/mL for the FDC, and 540.45 ng/mL and 2,559.57 ng⋅h/mL for the individual agents concomitantly administered, respectively. The mean Cmax and AUC0–t values of S-amlodipine were 2.71 ng/mL and 130.69 ng⋅h/mL for the FDC, and 2.74 ng/mL and 129.81 ng⋅h/mL for the individual agents concomitantly administered, respectively. The geometric mean ratio (GMR) and 90% confidence interval (CI) for the telmisartan Cmax and AUC0–t (FDC of telmisartan and S-amlodipine/concomitant administration) were 0.8509 (0.7353–0.9846) and 0.9431 (0.8698–1.0226), respectively. The GMR and 90% CI for the S-amlodipine Cmax and AUC0–t (FDC/concomitant administration) were 0.9829 (0.9143–1.0567) and 0.9632 (0.8798–1.0546), respectively. As the intrasubject variability of the Cmax for telmisartan administered individually was 42.94%, all 90% CIs of the GMRs fell within the predetermined acceptance range. Both treatments were well tolerated in this study. Conclusion: CKD-828 FDC tablets were shown to be bioequivalent to coadministration of the individual agents with the respective strength, in healthy subjects under fasting conditions. There was no significant difference in safety profile between the two treatments. Keywords: fixed-dose combination, pharmacokinetics, S-amlodipine, telmisartan, safety

Hae Won Lee,1,* Sook Jin Seong,1,* Boram Ohk,1,2 Woo Youl Kang,1,2 Mi-Ri Gwon,1 Bo Kyung Kim,1,2 Hyun-Ju Kim,3 Young-Ran Yoon1,2 1Clinical Trial Center, Kyungpook National University Hospital, 2Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus KNU Bio-Medical Convergence Program for Creative Talent, Kyungpook National University Graduate School, 3Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea *These authors contributed equally to this work Objective: This study evaluated the pharmacokinetics (PKs) and safety of a newly developed β-lapachone (MB12066) tablet, a natural NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) substrate, in healthy male volunteers.Methods: In a randomized, double-blind, multiple-dose, two-treatment study, 100 mg MB12066 or placebo was given twice daily for 8 days to groups of eight or three fasted healthy male subjects, respectively, followed by serial blood sampling. Plasma concentrations for β-lapachone were determined using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. PK parameters were obtained with non-compartmental analysis. Tolerability was assessed based on physical examinations, vital signs, clinical laboratory tests, and electrocardiograms.Results: Following a single 100 mg MB12066 oral dose, maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of β-lapachone was 3.56±1.55 ng/mL, and the median (range) time to reach Cmax was 3 h (2–5 h). After the 8 days of 100 mg twice daily repeated dosing was completed, mean terminal half-life was determined to be 18.16±3.14 h, and the mean area under the plasma concentration vs time curve at steady state was 50.44±29.68 ng·h/mL. Accumulation index was 2.72±0.37. No serious adverse events (AEs) were reported, and all reported intensities of AEs were mild.Conclusion: The results demonstrated that MB12066 was safe and well tolerated in healthy volunteers and that there were no serious AEs. Accumulation in plasma with twice-daily administration was associated with a 2.72 accumulation ratio. Keywords: β-lapachone, healthy volunteers, MB12066, pharmacokinetics, safety

Bu Ki Kim, Su Joung Mun, Hyun Tae Choi, Young Hoon Yang, Ji Sun Kim, Jun Hyung Moon, Young Taek Chung Onnuri Smile Eye Clinic, Seoul, Korea Abstract: This study describes a new one-handed revolving technique for soft cataract extraction. Following hydrodissection, the endonucleus is removed piecemeal while the lens is rotated using a phaco tip. A peripheral groove is created in the 6 o’clock direction and, after lens rotation through 180° using the phaco tip, another 6 o’clock groove is created. After a further 90° of lens rotation, the residual plate is readily flipped over and emulsified. The entire procedure requires only a phaco tip; it is not necessary to create a corneal side port or use any instrument. Keywords: cataract, phacoemulsification, one-handed technique, revolving technique, soft cataract

Sangheun Lee,1,* Beom Kyung Kim,2–5,* Seung Up Kim,2–5 Jun Yong Park,2–5 Do Young Kim,2–5 Sang Hoon Ahn,2–6 Kwang-Hyub Han2–6 1Department of Internal Medicine, International St Mary’s Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon Metropolitan City, Republic of Korea; 2Department of Internal Medicine, 3Institute of Gastroenterology, 4Liver Cancer Special Clinic, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 5Liver Cirrhosis Clinical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 6Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea. *These authors contributed equally to this work Background: It is not clear whether tumor marker responses can predict survival during sorafenib treatment in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We investigated whether the α-fetoprotein (AFP) response is associated with survival in patients with advanced HCC treated with sorafenib. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 126 patients with advanced HCC treated with sorafenib between 2007 and 2012. An AFP response was defined as >20% decrease from baseline. At 6–8 weeks after commencing sorafenib, AFP and radiological responses were assessed by modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. Results: The median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were 6.2 and 3.5 months, respectively. Of the study population, a partial response (PR) was identified in 5 patients (4.0%), stable disease (SD) in 65 patients (51.6%), and progressive disease (PD) in 57 patients (44.4%), respectively. AFP non-response was an independent prognostic factor for poor OS (median 10.9 months for AFP response vs 5.2 months for AFP non-response), together with Child-Pugh B, tumor diameter ≥10 cm, and portal vein invasion (all P

High-quality implementation is important for preventive intervention effectiveness. Although this implies fidelity to a practice model, some adaptation may be inevitable or even advantageous in routine practice settings. In order to organize the study of adaptation and its effect on intervention outcomes, scholars have proposed various adaptation taxonomies. This paper examines how four published taxonomies retrospectively classify adaptations: the Ecological Validity Framework (EVF; Bernal et al. in J Abnorm Child Psychol 23(1):67-82, 1995), the Hybrid Prevention Program Model (HPPM; Castro et al. in Prev Sci 5(1):41-45, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:PREV.0000013980.12412.cd ), the Moore et al. (J Prim Prev 34(3):147-161, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10935-013-0303-6 ) taxonomy, and the Stirman et al. (Implement Sci 8:65, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1186/1748-5908-8-65 ) taxonomy. We used these taxonomies to classify teacher-reported adaptations made during the implementation of TOOLBOX™, a social emotional learning program implemented in 11 elementary schools during the 2014-2015 academic year. Post-implementation, 271 teachers and staff responded to an online survey that included questions about adaptation, yielding 98 adaptation descriptions provided by 42 respondents. Four raters used each taxonomy to try to classify these descriptions. We assessed the extent to which raters agreed they could classify the descriptions using each taxonomy (coverage), as well as the extent to which raters agreed on the subcategory they assigned (clarity). Results indicated variance among taxonomies, and tensions between the ideals of coverage and clarity emerged. Further studies of adaptation taxonomies as coding instruments may improve their performance, helping scholars more consistently assess adaptations and their effects on preventive intervention outcomes.

Objective: Monitoring the implementation of preventive interventions in schools is challenging for educators and school social workers. This study sought to verify the implementation–outcome relationship; determine whether implementer characteristics predict participation in implementation-monitoring protocols; and suggest the number of (a) implementers requiring monitoring, (b) planned observations per implementer, and (c) items rated within each observation that are necessary to monitor program implementation. Method: Data are from a district-wide implementation of the Promoting Alternative Thinking Strategies (PATHS) curriculum. Two technical-assistance providers attempted to make 8 observations of 170 classroom teachers across 15 elementary schools while they delivered the PATHS program. Teacher characteristics, adherence, participant responsiveness, overall implementation quality, and other implementation aspects were observed. Student social–emotional competence was assessed with the Devereux Student Strengths Assessment-Mini at 3 time points to verify the implementation– outcome relationship. Results: Growth of student social–emotional competence was predicted by the overall quality of PATHS implementation. Teacher compliance with implementation-monitoring protocols declined over time, and teachers who demonstrated an initial commitment to implementation participated more fully in monitoring, regardless of their initial implementation quality. A teacher’s initial implementation quality, however, predicted their long-term implementation quality. Items within a single observation were highly intercorrelated. Conclusions: Findings suggest strategies that can be used to improve teacher participation and reduce inefficiencies in implementation-monitoring protocols.

The Devereux Student Strengths Assessment Mini (DESSA-Mini; Naglieri, LeBuffe, & Shapiro, 2011/2014) was designed to overcome practical obstacles to universal prevention screening. This article seeks to determine whether an entirely strength-based, 8-item screening instrument achieves technical accuracy in routine practice. Data come from a district-wide implementation of a new social emotional learning (SEL) initiative designed to promote students' social-emotional competence. All students, kindergarten through Grade 8, were screened using the DESSA-Mini. A random 5 students per classroom received additional assessment. Concurrent and predictive criterion studies were conducted using the full DESSA as well as administrative records of serious disciplinary infraction. The DESSA-Mini showed excellent internal reliability, exceeding .90. Negligible to small differences were found between scores on the DESSA-Mini screen and the DESSA full assessment. Classification consistency between the DESSA-Mini and the DESSA was high (87%-94%) in routine practice, with sensitivity and specificity estimates exceeding Glascoe's (2005) standards. Finally, predictive validity of the DESSA-Mini was reliable; students screened as having a Need for SEL Instruction at the beginning of the year were 4.5 times more likely to have a record of serious disciplinary infraction at the end of the school year compared with those who were not identified (p < .001). These findings compare quite favorably with other instruments used in schools to screen entire student populations, in cases where such analyses have been conducted, and is consistent with a practice preference of identifying, but not overidentifying, students for accelerated preventative interventions for mental, emotional, and behavioral problems. (PsycINFO Database Record

Youth with severe emotional and behavioral problems receiving services in public behavioral health systems have strengths that are understudied in research and underutilized in practice. This study explores four alternative strategies (individual item scores, the number of "actionable" strengths, subscales, and a total composite) for summarizing the strengths of youth assessed with the Child and Adolescent Needs and Strengths (CANS) in a large, urban, public behavioral health system. The paper examines whether these summarization strategies produce divergent understandings of the prevalence of strengths across gender, age, and racial groups. Analyses suggest that youth enter this system with high levels of strengths. There are few group differences in strengths across the diverse summarization strategies. Though the practice-preferred method of using individual strengths items provides the most interpretable information about strengths, the aggregation strategies may be useful for programs and systems. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.

The Devereux Student Strengths Assessment Mini (DESSA-Mini) (LeBuffe, Shapiro, & Naglieri, 2014) efficiently monitors the growth of Social-Emotional Competence (SEC) in the routine implementation of Social Emotional Learning programs. The DESSAMini is used to assess approximately half a million children around the world. Since behavior rating scales can have 'rater bias', this paper examines rater characteristics that contribute to DESSA-Mini ratings. Rater characteristics and DESSA-Mini ratings were collected from elementary school classroom teachers (n=72) implementing TOOLBOX in a racially/ethnically diverse California school district. Teachers rated 1,676 students, who scored similarly to a national reference group. Multilevel modeling analysis showed that only 16% of variance in DESSA-mini ratings was attributable to raters. Relationships between teacher characteristics and ratings were estimated to examine rater variance. Collectively, four characteristics of teachers (perceived barriers to student learning, sense of their 'typical' student's level of SEC, anticipation of SEL program implementation challenges, and intentions to fully implement a newly adopted SEL program) accounted for bias in teacher-generated DESSA scores, leaving only 10% of the variance unexplained. Identified sources of 'rater bias' can be controlled for in research and addressed through thoughtful program selection, training, and implementation.

ObjectiveThe Communities That Care (CTC) prevention system seeks to build community capacity for a science-based approach to the promotion of healthy youth development. Prior research shows the positive effects of CTC on youth protective factors during CTC implementation. This research tests sustained effects of CTC on youth protective factors 1 year after external support to communities for CTC implementation ended.MethodData come from a community-randomized trial of CTC in 24 communities across 7 states. A panel of 4,407 youth in CTC and control communities was surveyed annually from Grade 5 through Grade 10. Youth reported their exposure to protective factors identified in the social development model. Global test statistics are calculated to examine effects of CTC across 15 protective factors in 5 domains (community, school, family, peer, and individual) assessed in Grade 10, 1 year after study support for CTC implementation ended. Analyses also examine variation in sustained effects by gender and baseline risk levels.ResultsGlobal effects of CTC on protective factors across all domains are not sustained in Grade 10. However, sustained domain-specific effects are observed in the individual domain for males, in the peer domain for females, and in the individual domain for youth with low-to-medium risk at baseline.ConclusionsGreater emphasis on strengthening protective factors during high school might be needed to sustain broad effects of CTC on protective factors observed during middle school.

Radiative decays of the radially excited charmonium resonance, (Formula presented) into (Formula presented) (Formula presented) and (Formula presented) final states have been measured in a sample of (Formula presented) (Formula presented) events collected by the BES Collaboration. The branching ratios (Formula presented) and (Formula presented) are obtained. When compared to the corresponding radiative (Formula presented) decays, the observed (Formula presented) radiative decay rates into (Formula presented) and (Formula presented) are consistent with the prediction of the “12%” rule. © 2003 The American Physical Society.

Radiative decays of the radially excited charmonium resonance, (Formula presented) into (Formula presented) (Formula presented) and (Formula presented) final states have been measured in a sample of (Formula presented) (Formula presented) events collected by the BES Collaboration. The branching ratios (Formula presented) and (Formula presented) are obtained. When compared to the corresponding radiative (Formula presented) decays, the observed (Formula presented) radiative decay rates into (Formula presented) and (Formula presented) are consistent with the prediction of the “12%” rule. © 2003 The American Physical Society.

The branching fraction of the ψ(2S) decay into τ+τ - has been measured for the first time using the BES detector at the Beijing Electron-Positron Collider. The result is Bττ=(2.710. 43±0.55)× 10-3, where the first error is statistical and the second is systematic. This value, along with those for the branching fractions into e+e- and μ+ μ- of this resonance, satisfy well the relation predicted by the sequential lepton hypothesis. Combining all these values with the leptonic width of the resonance, the total width of the ψ(25) is determined to be (252±37) keV. ©2002 The American Physical Society.

The Beijing Spectrometer (BES) detector is a general purpose solenoid detector at the Beijing Electron Positron Collider in Beijing, China. The recent upgrade of the initial BES detector to the improved BES II detector is described. A new drift chamber, time-of-flight counter, luminosity monitor compatible with a low-β lattice was built as well as the vertex chamber.

The Beijing Spectrometer (BES) detector is a general purpose solenoid detector at the Beijing Electron Positron Collider in Beijing, China. The recent upgrade of the initial BES detector to the improved BES II detector is described. A new drift chamber, time-of-flight counter, luminosity monitor compatible with a low-β lattice was built as well as the vertex chamber.

The first measurement of (Formula presented) and an upper limit for (Formula presented) are determined from 22.3 (Formula presented) of (Formula presented) annihilation data at a c.m. energy of 4.03 GeV. The data were recorded by the Beijing Spectrometer (BES) at BEPC. A recoil charge method is applied to charm threshold data to determine the charge of the D meson in the recoil from (Formula presented) reconstructed (Formula presented) (Formula presented) mesons. The branching fractions (Formula presented) and (Formula presented) are determined from 10 events with a reconstructed D and a recoiling (Formula presented) In addition, a 90% C.L. upper limit of (Formula presented) is determined from a search for semileptonic decays of the (Formula presented) © 2000 The American Physical Society.

Using a sample of 3.8 M (Formula presented) events accumulated with the BES detector, the process (Formula presented) is studied. The angular distributions are compared with the general decay amplitude analysis of Cahn. We find that the dipion system requires some D wave amplitude, as well as S wave. On the other hand, the (Formula presented) relative angular momentum is consistent with being pure S wave. The decay distributions have been fit to heavy quarkonium models, including the Novikov-Shifman model. This model, which is written in terms of the parameter (Formula presented) predicts that D wave pions should be present. We determine (Formula presented) based on the joint (Formula presented) distribution. The fraction of D wave amplitude as a function of (Formula presented) is found to decrease with increasing (Formula presented) in agreement with the model. We have also fit the Mannel-Yan model, which is another model that allows D wave pions. © 2000 The American Physical Society.

The cross section for charmed meson production at √s=4.03 and 4.14 GeV has been measured with the Beijing Spectrometer. The measurement was made using 22.3 pb-1 of e+e- data collected at 4.03 GeV and 1.5 pb-1 of e+e- data collected at 4.14 GeV. Inclusive observed cross sections for the production of charged and neutral D mesons and momentum spectra are presented. Observed cross sections were radiatively corrected to obtain tree level cross sections. Measurements of the total hadronic cross section are obtained from the charmed meson cross section and an extrapolation of results from below the charm threshold. ©2000 The American Physical Society.

Using a sample of 3.8 M (Formula presented) events accumulated with the BES detector, the process (Formula presented) is studied. The angular distributions are compared with the general decay amplitude analysis of Cahn. We find that the dipion system requires some D wave amplitude, as well as S wave. On the other hand, the (Formula presented) relative angular momentum is consistent with being pure S wave. The decay distributions have been fit to heavy quarkonium models, including the Novikov-Shifman model. This model, which is written in terms of the parameter (Formula presented) predicts that D wave pions should be present. We determine (Formula presented) based on the joint (Formula presented) distribution. The fraction of D wave amplitude as a function of (Formula presented) is found to decrease with increasing (Formula presented) in agreement with the model. We have also fit the Mannel-Yan model, which is another model that allows D wave pions. © 2000 The American Physical Society.

The first measurement of (Formula presented) and an upper limit for (Formula presented) are determined from 22.3 (Formula presented) of (Formula presented) annihilation data at a c.m. energy of 4.03 GeV. The data were recorded by the Beijing Spectrometer (BES) at BEPC. A recoil charge method is applied to charm threshold data to determine the charge of the D meson in the recoil from (Formula presented) reconstructed (Formula presented) (Formula presented) mesons. The branching fractions (Formula presented) and (Formula presented) are determined from 10 events with a reconstructed D and a recoiling (Formula presented) In addition, a 90% C.L. upper limit of (Formula presented) is determined from a search for semileptonic decays of the (Formula presented) © 2000 The American Physical Society.

Hadronic decays of the P-wave spin-triplet charmonium states (Formula presented) are studied using a sample of (Formula presented) decays collected by the BES detector operating at the BEPC storage ring. Branching fractions for the decays (Formula presented) (Formula presented) (Formula presented) (Formula presented) (Formula presented) and (Formula presented) are measured for the first time, and those for (Formula presented) (Formula presented) (Formula presented) and (Formula presented) are measured with improved precision. In addition, we determine the masses of the (Formula presented) and (Formula presented) to be (Formula presented) and (Formula presented) © 1999 The American Physical Society.

A sample of 3.79 × 106ψ(2S) events is used to study the decays of charmonium to axial-vector plus pseudoscalar mesons. The branching fraction for the decay ψ(2S) → b±1(1235)π∓ agrees with expectations based on scaling the corresponding J/ψ branching fraction. Flavor-SU(3)-violating K1(1270)- K1(1400) asymmetries with opposite character for ψ(2S) and J/ψ decays are observed. This contrasting behavior cannot be accommodated by adjustments of the singlet-triplet mixing angle. © 1999 The American Physical Society.

Hadronic decays of the P-wave spin-triplet charmonium states (Formula presented) are studied using a sample of (Formula presented) decays collected by the BES detector operating at the BEPC storage ring. Branching fractions for the decays (Formula presented) (Formula presented) (Formula presented) (Formula presented) (Formula presented) and (Formula presented) are measured for the first time, and those for (Formula presented) (Formula presented) (Formula presented) and (Formula presented) are measured with improved precision. In addition, we determine the masses of the (Formula presented) and (Formula presented) to be (Formula presented) and (Formula presented) © 1999 The American Physical Society.

The decays of the ψ(2S) into vector plus tensor meson final states have been studied for the first time using the BES detector. We determine upper limits on branching fractions for ψ(2S) decays into ωf2, ρa2, K*0K*02 + c.c., and φf'2(1525) that are, in each case, significantly smaller than the corresponding branching fractions for the J/ψ meson, scaled according to the expectations of perturbative QCD. © 1998 The American Physical Society.

The processes ψ(2S) → I π+ π−, γK+ K−, and γpp¯ have been studied using a sample of 3.79 × 106 ψ(2S) decays. We determine the total width of the χc0 to be γtotχc0 = 14.3 ± 2.0 ± 3.0 MeV. We present the first measurement of the branching fraction B(χc0 → pp¯) = (15.9 ± 4.3 ± 5.3) × 10−5, where the first error is statistical and the second one is systematic. Branching fractions of χc0, 2 → π+ π− and K+ K− are also reported. © 1998 American Physical Society.

Purely leptonic decays of the charged D meson have been studied using the reaction e+e- → D*+D- at a center of mass energy of 4.03 GeV. A search was performed for D → μνμ recoiling against a D0 or D+ which had been reconstructed from its hadronic decay products. A single event candidate was found in the reaction e+e- → D*+D-, where D*+ → π+D0 with the D0 → K-π+, and the recoiling D- decaying via D- → μ-ν̄μ. This yields a branching fraction value B(D → μνμ) = 0.08+0.16+0.05-0.05-0.02%, and a corresponding value of the pseudoscalar decay constant fD = 300+180+80-150-40 MeV. © 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Purely leptonic decays of the charged D meson have been studied using the reaction e+e- → D*+D- at a center of mass energy of 4.03 GeV. A search was performed for D → μνμ recoiling against a D0 or D+ which had been reconstructed from its hadronic decay products. A single event candidate was found in the reaction e+e- → D*+D-, where D*+ → π+D0 with the D0 → K-π+, and the recoiling D- decaying via D- → μ-ν̄μ. This yields a branching fraction value B(D → μνμ) = 0.08+0.16+0.05-0.05-0.02%, and a corresponding value of the pseudoscalar decay constant fD = 300+180+80-150-40 MeV. © 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

A search is performed for the production of the (Formula presented) in (Formula presented) annihilation at a center-of-mass energy of 4.03 GeV using the BES detector operated at the Beijing Electron Positron Collider (BEPC). The kinematic features of the reconstructed (Formula presented) signal are consistent with its being produced only in association with an energetic photon resulting from initial state radiation (ISR). Limits are placed on (Formula presented) production from the decay of unknown charmonia or metastable hybrids that might be produced in (Formula presented) annihilations at 4.03 GeV. Under the assumption that the observed cross section for (Formula presented) production is due entirely to ISR, the partial width (Formula presented) of the (Formula presented) is measured to be (Formula presented). © 1998 The American Physical Society.

The absolute inclusive branching fraction of (Formula presented) has been measured from data collected by the BES detector at a center-of-mass energy of 4.03 GeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 22.3 pb(Formula presented). At this energy, direct pair production (Formula presented) has been observed. We have selected (Formula presented) candidate events by reconstructing five hadronic decay modes (Formula presented), (Formula presented), (Formula presented), (Formula presented) and (Formula presented) and have searched for inclusive (Formula presented)’s in the recoiling (Formula presented). We observed three recoiling (Formula presented)’s in the 166.4 (Formula presented) 31.8 (Formula presented) candidate events, which leads to the absolute branching fraction (Formula presented) and (Formula presented). © 1998 The American Physical Society.

The absolute inclusive branching fraction of (Formula presented) has been measured from data collected by the BES detector at a center-of-mass energy of 4.03 GeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 22.3 pb(Formula presented). At this energy, direct pair production (Formula presented) has been observed. We have selected (Formula presented) candidate events by reconstructing five hadronic decay modes (Formula presented), (Formula presented), (Formula presented), (Formula presented) and (Formula presented) and have searched for inclusive (Formula presented)’s in the recoiling (Formula presented). We observed three recoiling (Formula presented)’s in the 166.4 (Formula presented) 31.8 (Formula presented) candidate events, which leads to the absolute branching fraction (Formula presented) and (Formula presented). © 1998 The American Physical Society.

A search is performed for the production of the (Formula presented) in (Formula presented) annihilation at a center-of-mass energy of 4.03 GeV using the BES detector operated at the Beijing Electron Positron Collider (BEPC). The kinematic features of the reconstructed (Formula presented) signal are consistent with its being produced only in association with an energetic photon resulting from initial state radiation (ISR). Limits are placed on (Formula presented) production from the decay of unknown charmonia or metastable hybrids that might be produced in (Formula presented) annihilations at 4.03 GeV. Under the assumption that the observed cross section for (Formula presented) production is due entirely to ISR, the partial width (Formula presented) of the (Formula presented) is measured to be (Formula presented). © 1998 The American Physical Society.

The absolute inclusive semileptonic branching fraction of the [Formula presented] meson has been measured based on [Formula presented] of [Formula presented] collision data collected with the Beijing Spectrometer at [Formula presented] At this energy, the [Formula presented] are produced in pairs: [Formula presented] We reconstructed [Formula presented] [Formula presented] events in five hadronic decay modes. In the recoil system of these events, several [Formula presented] inclusive semileptonic decays were observed and the branching fraction is estimated to be [Formula presented] © 1997 The American Physical Society.

The absolute inclusive semileptonic branching fraction of the [Formula presented] meson has been measured based on [Formula presented] of [Formula presented] collision data collected with the Beijing Spectrometer at [Formula presented] At this energy, the [Formula presented] are produced in pairs: [Formula presented] We reconstructed [Formula presented] [Formula presented] events in five hadronic decay modes. In the recoil system of these events, several [Formula presented] inclusive semileptonic decays were observed and the branching fraction is estimated to be [Formula presented] © 1997 The American Physical Society.

The cross section for e+e-→ρπ has been measured by the BES detector at BEPC at center-of-mass energies covering a 40 MeV interval spanning the J/ψresonance. The data are used to search for the vector gluonium state hypothesized by Brodsky, Lepage, and Tuan as an explanation of the ρπ puzzle in charmonium physics. The shape of the ρπ cross section is compatible with that of the total hadronic cross section. No distortions indicating the presence of a vector glueball are seen. © 1996 The American Physical Society.

A data-driven energy scan in the immediate vicinity of the τ pair production threshold has been performed using the Beijing Spectrometer at the Beijing Electron-Positron Collider. Approximately 5pb-1 of data, distributed over 12 scan points, have been collected. A previous mass value for the τ lepton, obtained using only the eµ final state, has been published. In this paper, the final BES result on the mass measurement is presented. The analysis is based on the combined data from the ee, eµ, eh, µµ, µh, and hh final states, where h denotes a charged Π or K. A maximum likelihood fit to the τ pair production cross section data yields the value mT=1776.96-0.21 -0.17+0.18+0.25. © 1995 The American Physical Society.

A data-driven energy scan in the immediate vicinity of the τ pair production threshold has been performed using the Beijing Spectrometer at the Beijing Electron-Positron Collider. Approximately 5pb-1 of data, distributed over 12 scan points, have been collected. A previous mass value for the τ lepton, obtained using only the eµ final state, has been published. In this paper, the final BES result on the mass measurement is presented. The analysis is based on the combined data from the ee, eµ, eh, µµ, µh, and hh final states, where h denotes a charged Π or K. A maximum likelihood fit to the τ pair production cross section data yields the value mT=1776.96-0.21 -0.17+0.18+0.25. © 1995 The American Physical Society.

The Beijing Spectrometer (BES) experiment has observed purely leptonic decays of the Ds meson in the reaction e+e-→Ds+Ds- at a c.m. energy of 4.03 GeV. Three events are observed in which one Ds decays hadronically to φπ, K̄*0K, or K̄0K, and the other decays leptonically to μνμ or τντ. With the assumption of μ-τ universality, values of the branching fraction, B(Ds→μνμ)=(1.5-0.6-0.2+1.3+0.3)%, and the Ds pseudoscalar decay constant, fDs=(4.3-1.3-0.4+1.5+0.4)×102 MeV, are obtained. © 1995 The American Physical Society.