Search

For many decades, scholars assumed voluntary compliance and citizens' commitment to a regime's principles and values to be critical for regime stability. A growing literature argues that indoctrination is essential to achieve this congruence. However, the absence of a clear definition and comprehensive comparative measures of indoctrination have hindered systematic research on such issues. In this paper, we fill this gap by synthesizing literature across disciplines to clarify the concept of indoctrination, focusing particularly on the politicization of education and the media. We then outline how the abstract concept can be operationalized, and introduce and validate an original expert-coded dataset on indoctrination that covers 160 countries from 1945 to the present. The dataset should facilitate a new generation of empirical inquiry on the causes and consequences of indoctrination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In this article, I present a theory of conditional core-swing targeting that focuses on the competition for majority control in legislative elections to explain how presidents use their strong [...]

Party system institutionalization (PSI) is regarded as a critical underpinning of democracies, but its role in non‐democratic systems has been understudied. In this paper, we evaluate whether the concept has meaningful and perhaps unique implications for the durability of competitive authoritarian regimes. We argue that a modified version of electoral volatility – the most common measure of PSI in democracies – conveys useful information about PSI in competitive authoritarian contexts by signalling the ability of the ruling party to manage the opposition. To this end, we construct an original data set that disaggregates electoral volatility into ruling party seat change and opposition party seat volatility and further divides opposition party volatility into Type‐A and Type‐B volatility. We find robust results that democratization becomes more likely when decreases in the ruling party's seat share coincide with an increase in opposition party Type‐B volatility. This paper demonstrates that the concept of PSI has utility for understanding regime dynamics in competitive authoritarian contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary goal is to accurately predict long-term integral abutment bridge (IAB) responses under thermal loads by applying available numerical modeling techniques developed on the basis of a long-term monitoring of in-service IABs. Considered methodologies are: (1) free expansion; (2) empirical approximate; (3) two-dimensional (2D) static analysis; (4) 2D time-history; (5) three-dimensional (3D) static analysis; and (6) 3D time-history. Specific IAB responses evaluated for the comparison are: girder axial force and moment, pile shear, moment, and displacement. The results indicate that the substructure responses predicted by all six analyses are reasonably comparable. However, the superstructure responses predicted by a 2D analysis are significantly different than predictions by a 3D analysis. Both 2D and 3D static analysis predictions tended to form boundaries for 2D and 3D time-history analysis. Therefore, this study concludes that a 3D time-history analysis is preferred for long-term, superstructure response predictions; all 2D and 3D static and time-history analyses are acceptable for substructure response predictions. Key words: integral abutment, bridges, temperature, time-dependent, soil-structure interaction, finite element analysis. Le principal objectif de la presente etude est de predire avec precision le comportement de ponts a culees integrales (PCI) soumis a des contraintes thermiques a l'aide de techniques de modelisation numeriques existantes mises au point grace a l'etude a long terme de PCI deja en service. Les methodes utilisees sont: (1) l'analyse de la dilatation libre; (2) l'approximation empirique; (3) l'analyse statique bidimensionnelle (2D); (4) l'analyse bidimensionnelle (2D) de l'historique temporel; (5) l'analyse statique tridimensionnelle (3D); et (6) l'analyse tridimensionnelle (3D) de l'historique temporel. Les reponses specifiques des PCI evaluees a des fins de comparaison sont : la force axiale et le moment de flexion des poutres et le cisaillement, le moment de flexion et les deplacements des pieux. Les resultats montrent que les reponses de la substructure predites grace aux six analyses ci-dessus sont assez comparables. Cependant, les reponses de la superstructure predites a l'aide des analyses 2D sont tres differentes de celles predites au moyen des analyses 3D. Les analyses statiques 2D et 3D avaient tendance a generer des limites s'appliquant aux analyses 2D et 3D de l'historique temporel. La presente etude arrive a la conclusion qu'il est recommande d'effectuer une analyse 3D de l'historique temporelle pour predire les reponses de la superstructure a long terme. Les analyses 2D et 3D l'historique temporel et les analyses statiques 2D et 3D permettent toutes de predire les reponses de la substructure. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles: culee integrale, ponts, temperature, fonction du temps, interaction sol-structure, analyse par les elements finis., Introduction Integral abutment bridges (IABs) have become the preferred bridge construction configuration in the recent three decades due to the many advantages over jointed bridges (Burke 1990). In spite of [...]