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1. Outbreak of toxic anterior segment syndrome following vitreoretinal surgery – A retrospective analysis

Author

Naresh B Kannan, M Sivadarshan, Avik Dey Sarkar, MuthuKrishnan Vallinayagam, and Kim Ramaswamy

Subjects
tass, toxic anterior segment syndrome, vitreoretinal surgery, Ophthalmology, RE1-994
Abstract

Background: Toxic anterior segment syndrome (TASS) is an uncommon complication of vitreoretinal surgery and is characterized by severe anterior chamber reaction, hypopyon, and limbus-to-limbus corneal edema. Methods: Twenty-nine vitreoretinal surgeries were performed, of which 14 developed TASS in the early postoperative period. The operative records were reviewed retrospectively. Results: The median age of patients was 49.07 ± 16.75 years and 14.28% of them were female. Also, 71.42% were operated in the left eye and 42.8% were pseudophakic. Recurrent retinal detachment, secondary scleral-fixating intraocular lens (SFIOL), and silicone oil removal (SOR) were the most common procedures. Severe anterior chamber reaction was seen in 14 patients, circumcorneal congestion in eight, corneal edema in 11 (78.6%), hypopyon in 13 (92.8%), and severe fibrin membrane in two patients. Conclusion: We describe the largest series of TASS following uneventful vitreoretinal surgery. Balanced salt solution was the instigating agent in this series. A prompt and thorough investigation is critical in obviating recurrences.

Published
2024
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2. Three-Year, Randomized, Sham-Controlled Trial of Dexamethasone Intravitreal Implant in Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema

Author

David S. Boyer, 1 Young Hee Yoon, MD, PhD, 2 Rubens Belfort, Jr, MD, PhD, 3 Francesco Bandello, 4 Raj K. Maturi, 5 Albert J. Augustin, 6 Xiao Yan Li, 7 Harry Cui, 7 Yehia Hashad, 7 Scott M. Whitcup, MDThe MEAD Study Group Principal Investigators: Suel Abujamra, James Acton, Fareed Ali, Andrew Antoszyk, Albert J. Augustin, Carl C. Awh, Adiel Barak, Karl Ulrich Bartz Schmidt, Caroline R. Baumal, Rubens Belfort, J.r., Muna Bhende, William Z. Bridges, David M. Brown, Trevor Carmichael, Ken Carnevale, Antonio M. Casella, Tom Chang, Daniel Chechik, San Ni Chen, Lawrence P. Chong, Victor Chong, Joel Corwin, Catherine Creuzot Garcher, Alan Cruess, Mark Daniell, Marcos P. de Avila, Haroldo Vieira de Moraes, Robert G. Devenyi, Bernard H. Doft, Mark Donaldson, Richard Dreyer, Dean Eliott, Harry M. Engel, Jan Ernest, Thomas F. Essman, Philip M. Falcone, Sharon Fekrat, Joseph R. Ferencz, Joao L. Ferreira, Joao Figueira, Ivan Fiser, Bradley Foster, Gregory M. Fox, William R. Freeman, S. P. Garg, Mark Gillies, David Glaser, Burton G. Goldstein, Andre M. V. Gomes, John R. Gonder, Lingam Gopal, Petrus Gous, Amod Gupta, Anurag Gupta, Lawrence Halperin, Dennis Han, Seenu M. Hariprasad, Frank G. Holz, Peter Kaiser, Bohdana Kalvodova, Barrett Katz, Randy S. Katz, Dariusz Kecik, Judianne Kellaway, Itamar Klemperer, Baruch Kuppermann, Paolo Lanzetta, Rosangela Lattanzio, Won Ki Lee, John Lehr, Monique Leys, Isaac Loose, Andrew Lotery, Da Wen Lu, Paul McCartney, Ajit B. Majji, Jose A. Martinez, Pascale Massin, Raj K. Maturi, Ugo Menchini, Geeta Menon, Mark Michels, Edoardo Midena, James Miller, Paul Mitchell, Joseph Moisseiev, Lawrence Morse, Rafael Navarro, Janos Nemeth, Henry Newland, Richard Newsom, John Nichols, Juan Orellana, Nicola Orzalesi, Augusto Paranhos, Robert Park, Susanna Park, Maurizio Battaglia Parodi, Peter R. Pavan, James Peace, Don J. Perez Ortiz, Ayala Pollack, Kim Ramaswamy, Ramakrishna Ratnakaram, Giuseppe Ravalico, Jiri Rehak, Kourous Rezaei, Stanislao Rizzo, Francisco J. Rodriguez Alvira, Jean Paul Romanet, Steven Rose, Richard B. Rosen, Luca Rossetti, Jose Maria Ruiz Moreno, SriniVas Sadda, Kenneth Sall, Dirk Sandner, Alvaro Fernandez Vega Sanz, Gil Sartani, Stefanie Schmickler, Steven D. Schwartz, Y. R. Sharma, Shwu Jiuan Sheu, Michael Singer, Sobha Sivaprasad, Gisele Soubrane, Petr Soucek, Eric H. Souied, Giovanni Staurenghi, Jan Studnicka, Marta Suarez Figueroa, Walter Y. Takahashi, Patrick L. Tsai, Lawrence J. Ulanski, Harvey Uy, Monica Varano, Miroslav Veith, Igor Vicha, Francesco Viola, Linda Visser, Dov Weinberger, Glenn L. Wing, Edmund Wong, Tien Wong, Edward Wylegala, Jiong Yan, Young Hee Yoon, Lucy H. Young, Hyeong G. Yu, Ingrid E. Zimmer Galler, TOGNETTO, DANIELE, Boyer, D, Yoon, Yh, Belfort, R, Bandello, Francesco, Maturi, Rk, Augustin, Aj, Li, Xy, Cui, H, Hashad, Y, Whitcup, Sm, David S., Boyer, Md, 1 Young Hee, Yoon, Md, Phd, 2 Rubens, Belfort, Jr, Md, Phd, 3 Francesco, Bandello, 4 Raj K., Maturi, 5 Albert J., Augustin, 6 Xiao Yan, Li, 7 Harry, Cui, Ms, 7 Yehia, Hashad, 7 Scott M., Whitcup, MDThe MEAD Study Group Principal Investigators: Suel, Abujamra, James, Acton, Fareed, Ali, Andrew, Antoszyk, Albert J., Augustin, Carl C., Awh, Adiel, Barak, Karl Ulrich Bartz, Schmidt, Caroline R., Baumal, Rubens, Belfort, J., R., Muna, Bhende, William Z., Bridge, David M., Brown, Trevor, Carmichael, Ken, Carnevale, Antonio M., Casella, Tom, Chang, Daniel, Chechik, San Ni, Chen, Lawrence P., Chong, Victor, Chong, Joel, Corwin, Catherine Creuzot, Garcher, Alan, Crue, Mark, Daniell, Marcos P., de Avila, Haroldo Vieira de, Morae, Robert G., Devenyi, Bernard H., Doft, Mark, Donaldson, Richard, Dreyer, Dean, Eliott, Harry M., Engel, Jan, Ernest, Thomas F., Essman, Philip M., Falcone, Sharon, Fekrat, Joseph R., Ferencz, Joao L., Ferreira, Joao, Figueira, Ivan, Fiser, Bradley, Foster, Gregory M., Fox, William R., Freeman, S. P., Garg, Mark, Gillie, David, Glaser, Burton G., Goldstein, Andre M. V., Gome, John R., Gonder, Lingam, Gopal, Petrus, Gou, Amod, Gupta, Anurag, Gupta, Lawrence, Halperin, Dennis, Han, Seenu M., Hariprasad, Frank G., Holz, Peter, Kaiser, Bohdana, Kalvodova, Barrett, Katz, Randy S., Katz, Dariusz, Kecik, Judianne, Kellaway, Itamar, Klemperer, Baruch, Kuppermann, Paolo, Lanzetta, Rosangela, Lattanzio, Won Ki, Lee, John, Lehr, Monique, Ley, Isaac, Loose, Andrew, Lotery, Da Wen, Lu, Paul, Mccartney, Ajit B., Majji, Jose A., Martinez, Pascale, Massin, Raj K., Maturi, Ugo, Menchini, Geeta, Menon, Mark, Michel, Edoardo, Midena, James, Miller, Paul, Mitchell, Joseph, Moisseiev, Lawrence, Morse, Rafael, Navarro, Janos, Nemeth, Henry, Newland, Richard, Newsom, John, Nichol, Juan, Orellana, Nicola, Orzalesi, Augusto, Paranho, Robert, Park, Susanna, Park, Maurizio Battaglia, Parodi, Peter R., Pavan, James, Peace, Don J., Perez Ortiz, Ayala, Pollack, Kim, Ramaswamy, Ramakrishna, Ratnakaram, Giuseppe, Ravalico, Jiri, Rehak, Kourous, Rezaei, Stanislao, Rizzo, Francisco J., Rodriguez Alvira, Jean Paul, Romanet, Steven, Rose, Richard B., Rosen, Luca, Rossetti, Jose Maria Ruiz, Moreno, Srinivas, Sadda, Kenneth, Sall, Dirk, Sandner, Alvaro Fernandez Vega, Sanz, Gil, Sartani, Stefanie, Schmickler, Steven D., Schwartz, Y. R., Sharma, Shwu Jiuan, Sheu, Michael, Singer, Sobha, Sivaprasad, Gisele, Soubrane, Petr, Soucek, Eric H., Souied, Giovanni, Staurenghi, Jan, Studnicka, Marta Suarez, Figueroa, Walter Y., Takahashi, Tognetto, Daniele, Patrick L., Tsai, Lawrence J., Ulanski, Ii, Harvey, Uy, Monica, Varano, Miroslav, Veith, Igor, Vicha, Francesco, Viola, Linda, Visser, Dov, Weinberger, Glenn L., Wing, Edmund, Wong, Tien, Wong, Edward, Wylegala, Jiong, Yan, Young Hee, Yoon, Lucy H., Young, Hyeong G., Yu, and Ingrid E., Zimmer Galler

Subjects
Adult, Male, Intraocular pressure, Triamcinolone acetonide, Visual acuity, genetic structures, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Visual Acuity, Phases of clinical research, Dexamethasone, Macular Edema, law.invention, Randomized controlled trial, law, Health Sciences, Dexamethasone Intravitreal Implant (Ozurdex, Dexamethasone Intravitreal Implant, Humans, Medicine, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Drug Implants, Diabetic Retinopathy, business.industry, Area under the curve, Middle Aged, Ophthalmology, DEX implant Diabetic Macular Edemat, Area Under Curve, Anesthesia, Intravitreal Injections, Dexamethasone Intravitreal Implant (Ozurdex, DEX implant Diabetic Macular Edemat, Female, Implant, medicine.symptom, business, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, medicine.drug
Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of dexamethasone intravitreal implant (Ozurdex, DEX implant) 0.7 and 0.35 mg in the treatment of patients with diabetic macular edema (DME).Design: Two randomized, multicenter, masked, sham-controlled, phase III clinical trials with identical protocols were conducted. Data were pooled for analysis.Participants: Patients (n = 1048) with DME, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/50 to 20/200 Snellen equivalent, and central retinal thickness (CRT) of ≥300 μm by optical coherence tomography.Methods: Patients were randomized in a 1:1:1 ratio to study treatment with DEX implant 0.7 mg, DEX implant 0.35 mg, or sham procedure and followed for 3 years (or 39 months for patients treated at month 36) at ≤40 scheduled visits. Patients who met retreatment eligibility criteria could be retreated no more often than every 6 months.Main Outcome Measures: The predefined primary efficacy endpoint for the United States Food and Drug Administration was achievement of ≥15-letter improvement in BCVA from baseline at study end. Safety measures included adverse events and intraocular pressure (IOP).Results: Mean number of treatments received over 3 years was 4.1, 4.4, and 3.3 with DEX implant 0.7 mg, DEX implant 0.35 mg, and sham, respectively. The percentage of patients with ≥15-letter improvement in BCVA from baseline at study end was greater with DEX implant 0.7 mg (22.2%) and DEX implant 0.35 mg (18.4%) than sham (12.0%; P ≤ 0.018). Mean average reduction in CRT from baseline was greater with DEX implant 0.7 mg (−111.6 μm) and DEX implant 0.35 mg (−107.9 μm) than sham (−41.9 μm; P < 0.001). Rates of cataract-related adverse events in phakic eyes were 67.9%, 64.1%, and 20.4% in the DEX implant 0.7 mg, DEX implant 0.35 mg, and sham groups, respectively. Increases in IOP were usually controlled with medication or no therapy; only 2 patients (0.6%) in the DEX implant 0.7 mg group and 1 (0.3%) in the DEX implant 0.35 mg group required trabeculectomy.Conclusions: The DEX implant 0.7 mg and 0.35 mg met the primary efficacy endpoint for improvement in BCVA. The safety profile was acceptable and consistent with previous reports.

Published
2014
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