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13. Cellulose-Based Printed Power Sources

Author

Lee, Sang-Young, Kim, Jung-Hwan, Lee, Donggue, Avouris, Phaedon, Series Editor, Bhushan, Bharat, Series Editor, Bimberg, Dieter, Series Editor, Ning, Cun-Zheng, Series Editor, von Klitzing, Klaus, Series Editor, Wiesendanger, Roland, Series Editor, Hu, Liangbing, editor, Jiang, Feng, editor, and Chen, Chaoji, editor

Published
2023
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19. Lysosomal SLC46A3 modulates hepatic cytosolic copper homeostasis.

Author

Kim, Jung-Hwan, Matsubara, Tsutomu, Lee, Jaekwon, Fenollar-Ferrer, Cristina, Han, Kyungreem, Kim, Donghwan, Jia, Shang, Chang, Christopher J, Yang, Heejung, Nagano, Tomokazu, Krausz, Kristopher W, Yim, Sun-Hee, and Gonzalez, Frank J

Subjects
Liver, Lysosomes, Cytosol, Hepatocytes, Animals, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Knockout, Ions, Copper, Superoxide Dismutase, Triglycerides, Green Fluorescent Proteins, Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon, Substrate Specificity, Homeostasis, Models, Biological, Male, Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial, Proton-Coupled Folate Transporter, Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins, Copper Transport Proteins
Abstract

The environmental contaminant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) causes hepatic toxicity associated with prominent lipid accumulation in humans. Here, the authors report that the lysosomal copper transporter SLC46A3 is induced by TCDD and underlies the hepatic lipid accumulation in mice, potentially via effects on mitochondrial function. SLC46A3 was localized to the lysosome where it modulated intracellular copper levels. Forced expression of hepatic SLC46A3 resulted in decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and abnormal mitochondria morphology consistent with lower copper levels. SLC46A3 expression increased hepatic lipid accumulation similar to the known effects of TCDD exposure in mice and humans. The TCDD-induced hepatic triglyceride accumulation was significantly decreased in Slc46a3-/- mice and was more pronounced when these mice were fed a high-fat diet, as compared to wild-type mice. These data are consistent with a model where lysosomal SLC46A3 induction by TCDD leads to cytosolic copper deficiency resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction leading to lower lipid catabolism, thus linking copper status to mitochondrial function, lipid metabolism and TCDD-induced liver toxicity.

Published
2021

20. Depth relationships and measures of tissue thickness in dorsal midbrain

Author

Truong, Paulina, Kim, Jung Hwan, Savjani, Ricky, Sitek, Kevin R, Hagberg, Gisela E, Scheffler, Klaus, and Ress, David

Subjects
Adult, Cerebral Aqueduct, Functional Neuroimaging, Humans, Inferior Colliculi, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Neuroimaging, Periaqueductal Gray, Saccades, Superior Colliculi, colliculus, depth, midbrain, MRI, periaqueductal gray, Neurosciences, Cognitive Sciences, Experimental Psychology
Abstract

Dorsal human midbrain contains two nuclei with clear laminar organization, the superior and inferior colliculi. These nuclei extend in depth between the superficial dorsal surface of midbrain and a deep midbrain nucleus, the periaqueductal gray matter (PAG). The PAG, in turn, surrounds the cerebral aqueduct (CA). This study examined the use of two depth metrics to characterize depth and thickness relationships within dorsal midbrain using the superficial surface of midbrain and CA as references. The first utilized nearest-neighbor Euclidean distance from one reference surface, while the second used a level-set approach that combines signed distances from both reference surfaces. Both depth methods provided similar functional depth profiles generated by saccadic eye movements in a functional MRI task, confirming their efficacy for delineating depth for superficial functional activity. Next, the boundaries of the PAG were estimated using Euclidean distance together with elliptical fitting, indicating that the PAG can be readily characterized by a smooth surface surrounding PAG. Finally, we used the level-set approach to measure tissue depth between the superficial surface and the PAG, thus characterizing the variable thickness of the colliculi. Overall, this study demonstrates depth-mapping schemes for human midbrain that enables accurate segmentation of the PAG and consistent depth and thickness estimates of the superior and inferior colliculi.

Published
2020

32. Combined IgE neutralization and Bifidobacterium longum supplementation reduces the allergic response in models of food allergy

Author

An, Seong Beom, Yang, Bo-Gie, Jang, Gyeonghui, Kim, Do-Yeon, Kim, Jiyoung, Oh, Sung-Man, Oh, Nahyun, Lee, Sanghee, Moon, Ji-Yeong, Kim, Jeong-Ah, Kim, Ji-Hyun, Song, Yoo-Jeong, Hyun, Hye-Won, Kim, Jisoo, Lee, Kyungwha, Lee, Dajeong, Kwak, Min-Jung, Kim, Byung Kwon, Park, Young-Kyu, Hong, Chun-Pyo, Kim, Jung Hwan, Lim, Hye Seong, Ryu, Min Sook, Jin, Hyun-Tak, Lee, Seung-Woo, Chang, Yoon-Seok, Park, Hae-Sim, Sung, Young Chul, and Jang, Myoung Ho

Published
2022
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34. Activation of Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor-2 by Oxylipin from Mangifera indica Leaves.

Author

Khalil, Atif Ali Khan, Woo, Min-Seok, Kang, Dong-Min, Ahn, Mi-Jeong, Kim, Jeong-Ah, Yang, Heejung, and Kim, Jung-Hwan

Subjects
HELA cells, BIOACTIVE compounds, OXIDATIVE stress, OXYLIPINS, NUCLEAR factor E2 related factor, MANGO
Abstract

Mangifera indica L., a member of the Anacardiaceae family, is widely cultivated across the globe. The leaves of M. indica are renowned for their medicinal properties, attributed to the abundance of bioactive compounds. This study investigated the effects of mango leaf extract on oxidative stress in HeLa cells. Notably, the n-hexane fraction (MLHx) significantly enhanced antioxidant response element (ARE)-luciferase activity at a concentration of 100 µg/mL, surpassing other fractions. MLHx also promoted the expression of HO-1 mRNA by increasing nuclear NRF2 levels. The molecular mechanism of MLHx involves increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and stabilization of NRF2. Bioactivity-guided isolation resulted in the identification of six oxylipins: 13(R)-hydroxy-octadeca-(9Z,11E,15Z)-trienoic acid (C-1), 9(R)-hydroxy-octadeca-(10E,12Z,15Z)-trienoic acid (C-2), 13(R)-hydroxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoic acid (C-3), 9(R)-hydroxy-(10E,12Z)-octadecadienoic acid (C-4), 9-oxo-(10E,12E)-octadecadienoic acid (C-5), and 9-oxo-(10E,12Z)-octadecadienoic acid (C-6). These structures were elucidated using comprehensive spectroscopic techniques, including MS and 1H NMR. Additionally, compounds C-7 (9-oxo-(10E,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoic acid) and 8 (13-oxo-(9E,11E)-octadecadienoic acid) were characterized by LC-MS/MS mass fragmentation. This study reports the isolation of compounds 1–6 from M. indica for the first time. When tested for their effect on NRF2 activity in HeLa cells, compounds 3, 5, and 6 showed strong stimulation of ARE-luciferase activity in a dose-dependent manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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46. The lung is a host defense niche for immediate neutrophil-mediated vascular protection

Author

Yipp, Bryan G, Kim, Jung Hwan, Lima, Ronald, Zbytnuik, Lori D, Petri, Bjӧrn, Swanlund, Nick, Ho, May, Szeto, Vivian G, Tak, Tamar, Koenderman, Leo, Pickkers, Peter, Tool, Anton TJ, Kuijpers, Taco W, van den Berg, Timo K, Looney, Mark R, Krummel, Matthew F, and Kubes, Paul

Subjects
Sepsis, Lung, Prevention, Vaccine Related, Hematology, Biodefense, Infectious Diseases, Infection
Abstract

Bloodstream infection is a hallmark of sepsis, a medically emergent condition requiring rapid treatment. However, upregulation of host defense proteins through toll-like receptors and NFκB requires hours after endotoxin detection. Using confocal pulmonary intravital microscopy, we identified that the lung provides a TLR4-Myd88-and abl tyrosine kinase-dependent niche for immediate CD11b-dependent neutrophil responses to endotoxin and Gram-negative bloodstream pathogens. In an in vivo model of bacteremia, neutrophils crawled to and rapidly phagocytosed Escherichia coli sequestered to the lung endothelium. Therefore, the lung capillaries provide a vascular defensive niche whereby endothelium and neutrophils cooperate for immediate detection and capture of disseminating pathogens.

Published
2017

49. An NN-Aided Near-and-Far-Field Classifier via Channel Hankelization in XL-MIMO Systems

Author

Kim, Jung-Hwan, Kim, Dong-Hwan, Özger, Mustafa, Lee, Woong-Hee, Kim, Jung-Hwan, Kim, Dong-Hwan, Özger, Mustafa, and Lee, Woong-Hee

Abstract

Compared to classical communication systems, sixth-generation (6G) communication requires higher data rates, lower latency, improved energy efficiency, and more diverse users. To satisfy these many requirements, the extremely large-scale massive multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) system is attracting attention as a promising technology in 6G communication. Depending on the distance between a transmitter and a receiver, the electromagnetic radiation channels in XL-MIMO systems are divided into two models: near-field and far-field channels. The main difference between far-field and near-field is the phase-linearity, resulting in a need for a differentiated system design such as beam management. As a consequence, it is essential to classify near-field and far-field. This paper presents a new neural network (NN)-aided framework for classifying near-field and far-field using the partially captured channel in downlink scenarios in XL-MIMO systems. It is based on the mathematical reasoning that an effective latent space can be constructed with a small amount of data by using the singular values of the channel Hankelization. Briefly, it is to determine the one-hot encoding vector corresponding to each field and learn the singular values of the Hankelized channel matrix. It is noteworthy that this framework operates using the short length of input vectors and the small size of the training dataset. Simulation results show that the proposed method shows the detection rate of about 90% in almost all scenarios. Interestingly, the proposed method shows almost 100% of detection ratio in high SNR environments. It is believed that the proposed method shows superior performance than naive approaches in various environments, discovering the suitable domain to classify near-field and far-field channels.

Published
2024
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