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The number of automated features in surface vehicles is increasing as new vehicles are released each year. Some features allow drivers to temporarily take their attention off the road to engage in other tasks. However, sometimes it is important for drivers to immediately take control of the vehicle. To take control safely, drivers must understand what is required of them and have the situation awareness (SA) to understand important changes or factors within the environment around them. To achieve this, drivers may be presented with necessary takeover information using a head-up display (HUD), which keeps the driver’s eyes on the road. This study investigated the impact of novel HUDs on driver SA during takeover on highways. Data collection included empirical data for takeover performance metrics, self-reported SA, and participant preferences. To investigate differences between conditions, statistical analyses utilized repeated measure analyses of variance (ANOVAs). The results indicated that HUDs can increase aspects of takeover performance on highways, with participants demonstrating lower response times and higher time-to-collision metrics. There was no significant impact of HUDs on driver SA. Results of this work identified potential use cases and design criteria for new designs of novel HUDs to deliver important information during takeover.

The 2nd International Workshop on the eXtended Reality for Industrial and Occupational Supports (XRIOS) aims to identify the current state of XR research and the gaps in the scope of human factors and ergonomics, mainly related to industrial and occupational tasks, and discuss potential future research directions. XRIOS was held for the first time at IEEE VR 2022, where it served as the first venue to build an interdisciplinary research community that bridges XR developers/practitioners and human factors and ergonomics researchers interested in industrial and occupational XR applications. XRIOS 2023 follows the success of XRIOS 2022 in response to society's growing needs by expanding the XRIOS community and providing more opportunities.

Hyungil Kim,1 Younghoon Jung,2 Mikio Inamura3 1Gyeongju St. Mary’s Eye Clinic, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea; 2Department of Ophthalmology, Pohang Naval Hospital, Pohang, Republic of Korea; 3Inamura Eye Clinic, Yokohama, JapanCorrespondence: Mikio Inamura, Inamura Eye Clinic, 5-125 Isesakicho, Naka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 231-0045, Japan, Email m-ina@sa2.so-net.ne.jpPurpose: To introduce an alternative prechop technique without or with the use of a modified universal chopper (AE-2591, HI Kim chopper, ASICO, Inc. USA).Methods: Patients who underwent cataract surgery using the phaco-chop technique and the modified prechop technique have been grouped and reviewed retrospectively. Endothelial cell count (ECC) and central corneal thickness (CCT) measured 7 days pre-operatively, and 1 month and 3 months post-operatively, were compared between the two groups. In modified prechop technique, a narrow 1.7 mm neck prechopper (AE-4298, HI Kim-Inamura chopper, ASICO, Inc., USA) was used with universal chopper (AE-2591, HI Kim chopper, ASICO, Inc., USA) as an additional device for grade 4 and above cataracts or without it for grade 2 to 3 cataracts. Details of the surgical technique is further described in the Method section.Results: A total of 104 eyes in the modified prechop group and 97 eyes in the phaco-chop group were enrolled in the study. Pre-operative nuclear opacity, ECC, and CCT as well as post-operative ECC (absolute value and the loss) and CCT (absolute value and the change) throughout the follow-up between the two groups did not show statistically significant differences.Conclusion: Counter prechop technique using the modified prechopper and universal chopper is a safe, easy, and versatile surgical technique that can be applied broadly in a wide range of cases with various complexities, including LOCS lll N1 to N6 nuclei, hypermature cataracts, small pupils, and fragile suspensory zonular ligaments, with post-operative result not inferior to that of the conve

Hyungil Kim,1 Sohee Jeon2 1Gyeongju St. Mary’s Eye Clinic, Gyeongju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea; 2Keye Eye Center, Seoul, Republic of KoreaCorrespondence: Sohee JeonKeye Eye Center, 326 Teheran-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, KoreaTel +82-02-6207-1236Fax +82-02-6207-1246Email soheeeee@gmail.comPurpose: To evaluate refractive outcomes after retropupillary iris-claw intraocular lens (IOL) implantation and to compare postoperative astigmatism from (1) a conventional 5.5-mm sclerocorneal incision, (2) an L-shaped scleral tunnel incision, and (3) a frown scleral tunnel incision.Methods: This was a retrospective study of eyes undergoing dislocated IOL exchange for a retropupillary iris-claw IOL. Uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity (UDVA and CDVA) and postoperative complications were evaluated until postoperative months 24. The refractive outcomes and the surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) vector were compared between groups.Results: The medical records of 107 eyes from 107 patients with mean age of 65.31 ± 12.15 years were reviewed. Eyes with a frown incision showed the best UDVA, followed by those with L-shaped and conventional incisions (P = 0.003). Eyes with an L-shaped incision or frown incision had a lower SIA than that of the conventional incision group at postoperative 6 months (mean ± standard deviation [SD] SIA, 0.86 ± 0.85 D, 0.63 ± 0.37 D, and 1.70 ± 1.27 D for frown incision, L-shaped incision, and conventional incisions, respectively; P = 0.004).Conclusion: The frown incision and L-shaped incision induced a significantly smaller SIA than the conventional incisions, which was associated with better UDVA postoperatively.Keywords: aphakia, astigmatism, intraocular lens dislocation, retropupillary iris-claw intraocular lens, scleral tunnel incision, sclerocorneal incision

Optical see-through automotive head-up displays (HUDs) are a form of augmented reality (AR) that is quickly gaining penetration into the consumer market. Despite increasing adoption, demand, and competition among manufacturers to deliver higher quality HUDs with increased fields of view, little work has been done to understand how best to design and assess AR HUD user interfaces, and how to quantify their effects on driver behavior, performance, and ultimately safety. This paper reports on a novel, low-cost, immersive driving simulator created using a myriad of custom hardware and software technologies specifically to examine basic and applied research questions related to AR HUDs usage when driving. We describe our experiences developing simulator hardware and software and detail a user study that examines driver performance, visual attention, and preferences using two AR navigation interfaces. Results suggest that conformal AR graphics may not be inherently better than other HUD interfaces. We include lessons learned from our simulator development experiences, results of the user study and conclude with limitations and future work.