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16. Climate Change and an Agronomic Journey from the Past to the Present for the Future: A Past Reference Investigation and Current Experiment (PRICE) Study.

Author

Min, Hyunkyeong, Lee, Hyeon-Seok, Lee, Chun-Kuen, Choi, Woo-Jung, Ha, Bo-Keun, Lee, Hyeongju, Shin, Seo-Ho, An, Kyu-Nam, Kim, Dong-Kwan, Kwon, Oh-Do, Ko, Jonghan, Cho, Jaeil, and Kim, Han-Yong

Subjects
CLIMATE change, PRICES, RICE, CROP yields, GRAIN yields
Abstract

According to numerous chamber and free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) studies with artificially raised CO2 concentration and/or temperature, it appears that increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations ([CO2]) stimulates crop yield. However, there is still controversy about the extent of the yield stimulation by elevating [CO2] and concern regarding the potential adverse effects when temperature rises concomitantly. Here, we tested the effects of natural elevated [CO2] (ca. 120 ppm above the ambient level in 100 years ago) and warming (ca. 1.7–3.2 °C above the ambient level 100 years ago) on rice growth and yield over three crop seasons via a past reference investigation and current experiment (PRICE) study. In 2020–2022, the rice cultivar Tamanishiki (Oryza sativa, ssp. japonica) was grown in Wagner's pots (1/2000 a) at the experiment fields of Chonnam National University (35°10′ N, 126°53′ E), Gwangju, Korea, according to the pot trial methodology of the reference experiment conducted in 1920–1922. Elevated [CO2] and temperature over the last 100 years significantly stimulated plant height (13.4% on average), tiller number (11.5%), and shoot biomass (10.8%). In addition, elevated [CO2] and warming resulted in a marked acceleration of flowering phenology (6.8% or 5.1 days), potentially leading to adverse effects on tiller number and grain yield. While the harvest index exhibited a dramatic reduction (12.2%), grain yield remained unchanged with elevated [CO2] and warming over the last century. The response of these crop parameters to elevated [CO2] and warming was highly sensitive to sunshine duration during the period from transplanting to heading. Despite the pot-based observations, considering a piecewise response pattern of C3 crop productivity to [CO2] of <500 ppm, our observations demonstrate realistic responses of rice crops to elevated [CO2] (+120 ppm) and moderate warming (+1.7–3.2 °C) in the absence of adaptation measures (e.g., cultivars and agronomic management practices). Hence, our results suggest that the PRICE platform may provide a promising way to better understand and forecast the net impact of climate change on major crops that have historical and experimental archived data, like rice, wheat, and soybean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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26. Coupling of δ13C and δ15N to understand soil organic matter sources and C and N cycling under different land-uses and management: a review and data analysis.

Author

Park, Hyun-Jin, Baek, Nuri, Lim, Sang-Sun, Jeong, Young-Jae, Seo, Bo-Seong, Kwak, Jin-Hyeob, Lee, Sang-Mo, Yun, Seok-In, Kim, Han-Yong, Arshad, Muhammad A., and Choi, Woo-Jung

Subjects
ORGANIC compounds, DATA analysis, ISOTOPE separation, ISOTOPIC signatures, FOREST soils, SOIL depth, GRASSLAND soils
Abstract

This review analyzes the data on co-variations in δ13C and δ15N of soils with land-use types, management, and disturbance obtained from literature to explore potential implications of the dual isotopes in the study of soil organic matter (SOM) sources and C and N processes. Overall, croplands (δ13C and δ15N were − 20.3 ± 4.4‰ and + 7.6 ± 4.4‰, respectively) had greater isotopic values than grasslands (‒26.3 ± 3.0‰ and + 5.4 ± 1.1‰, respectively) and forests (− 26.0 ± 1.1‰ and + 4.3 ± 2.2‰, respectively). For intensively managed lands such as croplands and grasslands, application of organic inputs such as manure and compost of which isotopic signatures differed from the indigenous SOM was the main driver of co-variations in the δ13C and δ15N of SOM. For natural forests, both δ13C and δ15N of SOM co-increased with soil depth, reflecting heavy isotope enrichment during microbial stabilization of SOM and the potential influence of 13C-depleted atmospheric CO2 and 15N-depleted N deposition on the upper soils. Such vertical co-enrichments of 13C and 15N were disturbed by a land-use conversion to other lands including croplands. Though there were indications that land management practices such as tillage in croplands and grazing in grasslands, land-use changes, and land disturbance including forest fire might also affect both δ13C and δ15N, more data need to be accumulated to find a general trend of the isotopic variations of SOM. Analysis of both δ13C and δ15N may enlarge understanding of changes in SOM sources and soil C and N cycling by land-use types, management, change, and disturbance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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48. Land-use management for sustainable rice production and carbon sequestration in reclaimed coastal tideland soils of South Korea: a review

Author

Lim, Sang-Sun, primary, Yang, Hye In, additional, Park, Hyun-Jin, additional, Park, Se-In, additional, Seo, Bo-Seong, additional, Lee, Kwang-Seung, additional, Lee, Seung-Heon, additional, Lee, Sang-Mo, additional, Kim, Han-Yong, additional, Ryu, Jin-Hee, additional, Kwak, Jin-Hyeob, additional, and Choi, Woo-Jung, additional

Published
2019
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