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2. An evaluation of optical aberrations in underwater hologrammetry

Author

Kilpatrick, J. M.

Subjects
535, Optics & masers & lasers
Abstract

An iterative ray-trace procedure is developed in conjunction with semi-analytic expressions for spherical aberration, coma, and astigmatism in the reconstructed holographic images of underwater objects. An exact expression for the astigmatic difference is obtained, based on the geometry of the caustic for refraction. The geometrical characteristics of the aberrated images associated with axial and non-axial field positions are represented by ray intersection diagrams. A third order expression for the wavefront aberration introduced at a planar air/water boundary is given. The associated third order aberration coefficients are used to obtain analytic expressions for the aberrations observed in underwater hologrammetry. The results of the third order treatment are shown to give good agreement with the results obtained by geometrical ray tracing and by direct measurement on the reconstructed real image. The third order aberration coefficients are employed to estimate the limit of resolution in the presence of the aberrations associated with reconstruction in air. In concurrence with practical observations it is found that the estimated resolution is primarily limited by astigmatism. The limitations of the planar window in underwater imaging applications are outlined and various schemes are considered to effect a reduction in the extent of aberration. The analogous problems encountered in underwater photography are examined in order to establish the grounds for common solution based on a conventional optical corrector. The performance of one such system, the Ivanoff Corrector, is investigated. The spherical aberration associated with axial image formation is evaluated and the image location as a function of aperture determined from ray intersection diagrams. The equivalence of the third order wavefront aberration introduced at a planar air/water boundary to that introduced upon reconstruction by an appropriate wavelength change is shown to provide a basis for the compensation of aberrations in underwater hologrammetry. The results of experimental trials which demonstrate the correction of astigmatism and field curvature are presented. Exact expressions are obtained for the aberrations in wavelength compensated holograms and are employed to determine the conditions for optimum compensation and the degree of residual aberration. Various aspects of the principle are examined, including the effects of the reference beam geometry and factors which determine the level of correction obtained. The practical implementation of a scheme based on wavelength compensation is considered with a view to the design of an underwater holographic camera.

Published
1991

10. Does the Medical Student Performance Evaluation Change the Decision to Invite Residency Applicants?

Author

Thimm, TN, Kiefer, CS, Aloi, MS, Davenport, M, Kilpatrick, J, Bush, JS, Jennings, L, Davis, SM, Quedado, K, Shaver, EB, Thimm, TN, Kiefer, CS, Aloi, MS, Davenport, M, Kilpatrick, J, Bush, JS, Jennings, L, Davis, SM, Quedado, K, and Shaver, EB

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Although emergency medicine (EM) residency program directors (PD) have multiple sources to evaluate each applicant, some programs await the release of the medical student performance evaluation (MSPE) to extend interview offers. While prior studies have demonstrated that MSPE content is variable and selectively positive, no prior work has evaluated the impact of the MSPE on the likelihood to invite (LTI) applicants for a residency interview. This study aimed to evaluate how information in the MSPE impacted LTI, with the hypothesis that changes in LTI would be relatively rare based on MSPE review alone. METHODS: We conducted a prospective, observational study analyzing applications to three EM residency programs during the 2019-2020 match cycle. Reviewers assessed applications and rated the LTI on a five-point Likert scale where LTI was defined as follows: 1 = definitely no; 2 = probably no; 3 = unsure; 4 = probably yes; and 5 = definitely yes. The LTI was recorded before and after MSPE review. A change in LTI was considered meaningful when it changed the overall trajectory of the applicant's likelihood to receive an invitation to interview. RESULTS: We reviewed a total of 877 applications with the LTI changing ≥1 point on the Likert scale 160 (18.2%) times. The LTI was meaningfully impacted in a minority of applications - 48 total (5.5 %, p< 0.01) - with only 1 (0.11%) application changing from 1 or 2 (definitely/probably no) to 4 or 5 (probably/definitely yes) and 34 (3.8%) changing from 3 (unsure) to 4 or 5 (probably/definitely yes). Thirteen (1.5%) applications changed from 4 or 5 (probably/definitely yes) to 3 (unsure or probably/definitely no). CONCLUSION: Review of the MSPE resulted in a meaningful change in LTI in only 5.5% of applications. Given the time required for program leadership to review all parts of the variably formatted MSPEs, this finding supports a more efficient application review, where the PD's focus is on succinct and objective

Published
2021

18. Health professionals' understanding of person-centred communication for risk prevention conversations: an exploratory study.

Author

Kilpatrick, J, Elliott, R, Fry, M, Kilpatrick, J, Elliott, R, and Fry, M

Abstract

Background: Health Professionals are required to balance care practices against patient risk to optimise safety. Communicating clinical risk with the patient requires confidence.Objective: The objective was to explore health professionals understanding and confidence of patient-centred communication during conversations of risk prevention.Design: An exploratory study was conducted.Methods: Nurses, physiotherapists and social workers in a metropolitan hospital in Sydney (New South Wales, Australia) completed face to face interviews (n = 16) regarding person-centred communication and clinical risk.Results: The sample was predominately female and had been a health profession for 11.5 years (mean). Six key themes were generated including: Perceptions of person-centred communication; Preparing for person-centred communication and Understanding and prioritising conversations about preventable clinical risk.Conclusions: Person-centred communication was embedded in clinical practice; the 'patient voice' was considered central. Clinical risk was a priority. Education to improve communication was highlighted as a way to enhance person-centred communication.

Published
2019

20. Piezoelectricity in collagen type II fibrils measured by scanning probe microscopy.

Author

Denning, D., Kilpatrick, J. I., Hsu, T., Habelitz, S., Fertala, A., and Rodriguez, B. J.

Subjects
*PIEZOELECTRICITY, *COLLAGEN, *SCANNING probe microscopy, *PIEZORESPONSE force microscopy, *C-terminal residues, *CANTILEVERS
Abstract

The converse piezoelectric effect in collagen type II fibrils, the main collagen constituent in cartilage, was investigated using piezoresponse force microscopy. The fibrils exhibited shear piezoelectric behavior similar to that previously reported in collagen type I fibrils and followed the same cantilever-fibril angle dependence present for type I. A uniform polarization directed from the amine to carboxyl termini, as seen for collagen type I, was observed in all type II fibrils studied. The shear piezoelectric coefficient, d15, however, for type II was roughly 28–32% of the value measured for type I fibrils. Possible explanations for the reduced piezoelectric coefficient of type II collagen are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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23. Regression of Glioblastoma after Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy

Author

Darya Alizadeh, Behnam Badie, Massimo D'Apuzzo, Harshbarger Tl, Araceli Naranjo, Ressler Ja, Simpson J, Michael E. Barish, Kurien A, Christine E. Brown, Xiuli Wang, Weng L, Saul J. Priceman, Wagner, Renate Starr, Ostberg, Jana Portnow, Michael C. Jensen, Chen M, Melvin Blanchard, Stephen J. Forman, and Kilpatrick J

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, T-Lymphocytes, Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Immunotherapy, Adoptive, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, Cerebrospinal fluid, Antigen, medicine, Humans, Receptor, Cell Engineering, business.industry, Brain Neoplasms, General Medicine, Immunotherapy, Middle Aged, Combined Modality Therapy, Chimeric antigen receptor, Receptors, Antigen, 030104 developmental biology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Cancer research, Interleukin-13 Receptor alpha2 Subunit, Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor, Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, business, Glioblastoma
Abstract

A patient with recurrent multifocal glioblastoma received chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T cells targeting the tumor-associated antigen interleukin-13 receptor alpha 2 (IL13Rα2). Multiple infusions of CAR T cells were administered over 220 days through two intracranial delivery routes - infusions into the resected tumor cavity followed by infusions into the ventricular system. Intracranial infusions of IL13Rα2-targeted CAR T cells were not associated with any toxic effects of grade 3 or higher. After CAR T-cell treatment, regression of all intracranial and spinal tumors was observed, along with corresponding increases in levels of cytokines and immune cells in the cerebrospinal fluid. This clinical response continued for 7.5 months after the initiation of CAR T-cell therapy. (Funded by Gateway for Cancer Research and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02208362 .).

Published
2016

32. Tubby proteins: the plot thickens

Author

Carlos A. Gomez, Kilpatrick J Carroll, and Lawrence Shapiro

Subjects
Mice, Knockout, Regulation of gene expression, Genetics, Point mutation, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Proteins, Signal transducing adaptor protein, Cell Biology, Biology, Tubby protein, Homology (biology), Embryonic and Fetal Development, Mice, Mutation, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, Animals, Point Mutation, Obesity, Eye Proteins, Nervous System Diseases, Intracellular signalling, Molecular Biology, Gene, Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
Abstract

The tubby mouse, which shows late-onset obesity and neurosensory deficits, arises from a mutation in the Tub gene. Tub shares homology with the genes for tubby-like proteins Tulp1, Tulp2 and Tulp3. Ablation of Tub, Tulp1 or Tulp3 causes disease phenotypes that are indicative of their importance in nervous-system function and development. Despite this importance, the biochemical functions of tubby-like proteins are only now beginning to be understood. At present, data indicate that tubby-like proteins might function as heterotrimeric-G-protein-responsive intracellular signalling factors, although an array of data also implicates them in other processes.

Published
2004
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33. Nanoscale Piezoelectric Properties of Self-Assembled Fmoc-FF Peptide Fibrous Networks

Author

Ryan, K., Beirne, J., Redmond, G., Kilpatrick, J. I., Guyonnet, J., Buchete, N. -V., Kholkin, A. L., Rodriguez, B. J., Ryan, K., Beirne, J., Redmond, G., Kilpatrick, J. I., Guyonnet, J., Buchete, N. -V., Kholkin, A. L., and Rodriguez, B. J.

Abstract

Fibrous peptide networks, such as the structural framework of self-assembled fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl diphenylalanine (Fmoc-FF) nanofibrils, have mechanical properties that could successfully mimic natural tissues, making them promising materials for tissue engineering scaffolds. These nanomaterials have been determined to exhibit shear piezoelectricity using piezoresponse force microscopy, as previously reported for FF nanotubes. Structural analyses of Fmoc-FF nanofibrils suggest that the observed piezoelectric response may result from the noncentrosymmetric nature of an underlying β-sheet topology. The observed piezoelectricity of Fmoc-FF fibrous networks is advantageous for a range of biomedical applications where electrical or mechanical stimuli are required. © 2015 American Chemical Society.

Published
2015

39. Two-step adhesive binding by classical cadherins

Author

Phini S Katsamba, Lawrence Shapiro, Kilpatrick J Carroll, Stephen R. Price, Goran Ahlsen, Barry Honig, Fabiana Bahna, Julia Brasch, Xiangshu Jin, O.J. Harrison, and Jeremie Vendome

Subjects
Stereochemistry, Dimer, Mutant, CHO Cells, Protein Structure, Secondary, Article, chemistry.chemical_compound, Cricetulus, Structural Biology, Cricetinae, Cell Adhesion, Molecule, Animals, Surface plasmon resonance, Binding site, Cell adhesion, Molecular Biology, Cadherin, Wild type, Surface Plasmon Resonance, Cadherins, chemistry, Mutation, Protein Multimerization, Ultracentrifugation, Protein Binding
Abstract

Crystal structures of classical cadherins have revealed two dimeric configurations. In the first, N-terminal beta-strands of EC1 domains 'swap' between partner molecules. The second configuration (the 'X dimer'), also observed for T-cadherin, is mediated by residues near the EC1-EC2 calcium binding sites, and N-terminal beta-strands of partner EC1 domains, though held adjacent, do not swap. Here we show that strand-swapping mutants of type I and II classical cadherins form X dimers. Mutant cadherins impaired for X-dimer formation show no binding in short-time frame surface plasmon resonance assays, but in long-time frame experiments, they have homophilic binding affinities close to that of wild type. Further experiments show that exchange between monomers and dimers is slowed in these mutants. These results reconcile apparently disparate results from prior structural studies and suggest that X dimers are binding intermediates that facilitate the formation of strand-swapped dimers.

Published
2009

40. Linking molecular affinity and cellular specificity in cadherin-mediated adhesion

Author

Phinikoula S. Katsamba, Barry Honig, Shoshana Posy, Thomas M. Jessell, Jeremie Vendome, Fabiana Bahna, Lawrence Shapiro, Manisha Rajebhosale, Avinoam Ben-Shaul, Kilpatrick J Carroll, Stephen R. Price, and Goran Ahlsen

Subjects
Models, Molecular, Multidisciplinary, Cadherin, Chemistry, Chinese hamster ovary cell, Plasma protein binding, CHO Cells, Cell sorting, Biological Sciences, Bioinformatics, Cadherins, Affinities, Cell aggregation, Cricetulus, Area Under Curve, Cricetinae, Biophysics, Cell Adhesion, Differential adhesion hypothesis, Animals, Cell adhesion, Dimerization, Cell Aggregation, Protein Binding
Abstract

Many cell–cell adhesive events are mediated by the dimerization of cadherin proteins presented on apposing cell surfaces. Cadherin-mediated processes play a central role in the sorting of cells into separate tissues in vivo, but in vitro assays aimed at mimicking this behavior have yielded inconclusive results. In some cases, cells that express different cadherins exhibit homotypic cell sorting, forming separate cell aggregates, whereas in other cases, intermixed aggregates are formed. A third pattern is observed for mixtures of cells expressing either N- or E-cadherin, which form distinct homotypic aggregates that adhere to one another through a heterotypic interface. The molecular basis of cadherin-mediated cell patterning phenomena is poorly understood, in part because the relationship between cellular adhesive specificity and intermolecular binding free energies has not been established. To clarify this issue, we have measured the dimerization affinities of N-cadherin and E-cadherin. These proteins are similar in sequence and structure, yet are able to mediate homotypic cell patterning behavior in a variety of tissues. N-cadherin is found to form homodimers with higher affinity than does E-cadherin and, unexpectedly, the N/E-cadherin heterophilic binding affinity is intermediate in strength between the 2 homophilic affinities. We can account for observed cell aggregation behaviors by using a theoretical framework that establishes a connection between molecular affinities and cell–cell adhesive specificity. Our results illustrate how graded differences between different homophilic and heterophilic cadherin dimerizaton affinities can result in homotypic cell patterning and, more generally, show how proteins that are closely related can, nevertheless, be responsible for highly specific cellular adhesive behavior.

Published
2009

42. State-Community Partnerships: Eliminating Health Disparities Through Coalition-driven, Asset-based, Community-focused Interventions

Author

Acosta, Michael, Barroso, Cristina, Hoelscher, DM, Kelder, SH, McCullum, C, Ward, JL, Cribb, P, Murray, N, Burroughs, Ericka, Fields, RM, Granner, ML, Sharpe, PA, Chapel, Denise, McCulla, MM, Reinsch, B, Warren, C, Choucair, Bechara, Palmer, T, Coats, Karen, Friedrichs, MD, Ware, JL, Fell, Patricia, Fisher, B, Reger, B, Spicer, D, Drzal, Nicholas, Grost, L, Coke-Haller, E, Murphy, A, Oleksyk, Shannon Carney, Haller, EC, Harrykissoon, Samantha, Wechsler, H, Kaley, Lori, Wigand, D, Whalen, K, Root>, A, Matson-Koffman, Dyann, Anwuri, VA, Orenstein, D, Shore>, K, Agin, L, Garfinkel, SA, Sokler>, LA, Watkins, NB, Mensah>, GA, McGorray, Matt, Veazie, MA, Sauer, Maggie, Michener, JL, Yaggy, SD, Moore, William, Wilson, T, Stephens, A, Eichner, J, Schar, Elizabeth, Gutierrez, KK, Taylor, Cheryl, Cole, L, Ferdinand, D, Arline, S, Wilson, Diane, Porter, JS, Parker, G, Smith, TJ, Kilpatrick, J, Wolf, Marti, Reaves, J, Porterfield, DS, Carlyle, RM, Wang, A, Yancey, Elleen, Goodin, LM, Wang, M, Zhang, Lei, Penman, A, Haydel, C, Sutton, V, Kamali, V, and Fos, P

Subjects
Featured Abstracts, Original Research: Featured Abstract from the 18th National Conference on Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Special Topics in Public Health
Published
2004

44. Studying learners in intercultural contexts

Author

Clements, MA, Bishop, AJ, Keitel, C, Kilpatrick, J, Leung, F, Shimizu, Y, Williams, G, Clements, MA, Bishop, AJ, Keitel, C, Kilpatrick, J, Leung, F, Shimizu, Y, and Williams, G

Abstract

Researchers have increasingly recognized that learning mathematics is a cultural activity. At the same time, research aims, technological advances, and methodological techniques have diversified, enabling more detailed analyses of learners and learning to take place. Increased opportunities to study learners in different cultural, social and political settings have also become available, with ease of access to results of international benchmark testing online. Large-scale quantitative studies in the form of international benchmark tests like Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS), the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), and detailed multi-source (including video) qualitative studies like the international Learners' Perspective Study (LPS), have enabled a broad range of research questions to be investigated. This chapter points to the usefulness of large-scale quantitative studies for stimulating questions that require qualitative research designs for their exploration. Qualitative research has raised awareness of the importance of socio-cultural and historical cultural perspectives when considering learning. This raises questions about uses that could be made of "local" theories in undertaking intercultural analyses.

Published
2013

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