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1. Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Clade 2.3.4.4b Infections in Wild Terrestrial Mammals, United States, 2022

Author

Elsmo, Elizabeth J., Wunschmann, Arno, Beckmen, Kimberlee B., Broughton- Neiswanger, Liam E., Buckles, Elizabeth L., Ellis, Jayne, Fitzgerald, Scott D., Gerlach, Robert, Hawkins, Shawna, Ip, Hon S., Lankton, Julia S., Lemley, Erin M., Lenoch, Julianna B., Killian, Mary L., Lantz, Kristina, Long, Lindsey, Maes, Roger, Mainenti, Marta, Melotti, Julie, Moriarty, Megan E., Nakagun, Shotaro, Ruden, Rachel M., Shearn-Bochsler, Valerie, Thompson, Danielle, Torchetti, Mia K., Van Wettere, Arnaud J., Wise, Annabel G., and Lim, Ailam L.

Subjects
United States. Department of Agriculture -- Analysis, Avian influenza -- Development and progression, Avian influenza viruses -- Health aspects -- Analysis, Infection -- Development and progression, Natural resources -- China -- North America -- Wisconsin, Health
Abstract

Since October 2021, outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) virus belonging to A/Goose/Guangdong/1/1996 lineage H5 clade 2.3.4.4b have been reported throughout Europe (1). Transatlantic spread of HPAI H5N1 [...]

Published
2023
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3. Genetic Relatedness of Infectious Hypodermal and Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus Isolates, United States, 2019

Author

Dhar, Arun K., Cruz-Flores, Roberto, Warg, Janet, Killian, Mary L., Orry, Andrew, Ramos, Jorge, Garfias, Michelle, and Lyons, Gregory

Subjects
Parvoviruses -- Genetic aspects -- Identification and classification, Communicable diseases in animals -- Causes of, Shrimps -- Diseases, Pathogenic microorganisms -- Identification and classification -- Genetic aspects, Health
Abstract

The Penstylhamaparvovirus species Decapod penstylhamaparvovirus 1, commonly known as infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV), is the smallest of known shrimp viruses belonging to the family Parvoviridae, subfamily Hamaparvovirinae [...]

Published
2022
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4. SARS-CoV-2 infection in free-ranging white-tailed deer

Author

Hale, Vanessa L., Dennis, Patricia M., McBride, Dillon S., Nolting, Jacqueline M., Madden, Christopher, Huey, Devra, Ehrlich, Margot, Grieser, Jennifer, Winston, Jenessa, Lombardi, Dusty, Gibson, Stormy, Saif, Linda, Killian, Mary L., Lantz, Kristina, Tell, Rachel M., Torchetti, Mia, Robbe-Austerman, Suelee, Nelson, Martha I., Faith, Seth A., and Bowman, Andrew S.

Published
2022
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5. Introduction of Avian metapneumovirus subtype A to the United States: molecular insights and implications.

Author

Goraichuk, Iryna V., Torchetti, Mia K., Killian, Mary L., Kapczynski, Darrell R., Sary, Kathleen, Kulkarni, Arun, and Suarez, David L.

Subjects
WHOLE genome sequencing, AMINO acid analysis, NUCLEOTIDE sequencing, POULTRY industry, SEQUENCE analysis
Abstract

Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) poses a significant threat to the poultry industry worldwide, primarily affecting turkeys and chickens. The recent detection of aMPV-A and -B subtypes in the United States marks a significant shift after a prolonged period free of aMPV following the eradication of the previously circulating subtype C. Hence, the demand for molecular diagnostic tests for aMPV has arisen due to their limited availability in the US market. In this study, we present the molecular characterization based on the complete genome sequence of aMPV subtype A, which was detected in the US for the first time. Four RT-qPCR positive samples were subjected to next-generation sequencing analysis, resulting in the assembly of one complete and one near-complete genome sequences. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolated strains clustered within the aMPV-A subtype and were most closely related to recent Mexican strains. A detailed amino acid analysis identified unique mutations in the G gene of the US isolates compared to Mexican strains. Additionally, we compared the performance, cross-reactivity, and limit of detection of our revised aMPV subtype-specific RT-qPCR test with two commercial kits, demonstrating similar detection and subtyping capabilities. These findings highlight the importance of accurate diagnostic methods for disease management in the poultry industry, provide valuable insights into the epidemiology of aMPV, and underscore the need for continued vigilance and surveillance to mitigate its impact on poultry production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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6. Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H7N3) Virus in Poultry, United States, 2020

Author

Youk, Sungsu, Lee, Dong-Hun, Killian, Mary L., Pantin-Jackwood, Mary J., Swayne, David E., and Torchetti, Mia K.

Subjects
Avian influenza -- Statistics -- Causes of, Epidemics -- Statistics -- Causes of -- United States, Poultry industry -- Statistics -- Health aspects, Health
Abstract

Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) have devastating impacts on the poultry industries. With infections in poultry, H5 and H7 lowpathogenicity avian influenza viruses (LPAIVs) have spontaneously mutated into HPAIVs [...]

Published
2020
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7. Pathogenicity in Chickens and Turkeys of a 2021 United States H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Clade 2.3.4.4b Wild Bird Virus Compared to Two Previous H5N8 Clade 2.3.4.4 Viruses

Author

Pantin-Jackwood, Mary J., primary, Spackman, Erica, additional, Leyson, Christina, additional, Youk, Sungsu, additional, Lee, Scott A., additional, Moon, Linda M., additional, Torchetti, Mia K., additional, Killian, Mary L., additional, Lenoch, Julianna B., additional, Kapczynski, Darrell R., additional, Swayne, David E., additional, and Suarez, David L., additional

Published
2023
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9. Low Pathogenicity Avian Influenza (H5N2) Viruses, Dominican Republic

Author

Chung, David H., Gomez, Dejelia R., Vargas, Julia M., Amador, Belkis L., Torchetti, Mia K., Killian, Mary L., Swayne, David E., and Lee, Dong-Hun

Subjects
Avian influenza viruses -- Distribution -- Identification and classification -- Genetic aspects, Company distribution practices, Health
Abstract

Low pathogenicity avian influenza virus (LPAIV) subtype H5N2 has caused outbreaks in poultry in Mexico since 1993 and mutated into highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N2 during 1994-1995 (1). [...]

Published
2020
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12. Multi‐species outbreak of SARS‐CoV‐2 Delta variant in a zoological institution, with the detection in two new families of carnivores

Author

Allender, Matthew C., primary, Adkesson, Michael J., additional, Langan, Jennifer N., additional, Delk, Katie W., additional, Meehan, Thomas, additional, Aitken‐Palmer, Copper, additional, McEntire, Michael M., additional, Killian, Mary L., additional, Torchetti, Mia, additional, Morales, Shirley A., additional, Austin, Connie, additional, Fredrickson, Richard, additional, Olmstead, Colleen, additional, Ke, Ruian, additional, Smith, Rebecca, additional, Hostnik, Eric T., additional, Terio, Karen, additional, and Wang, Leyi, additional

Published
2022
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14. Swine-to-human transmission of influenza A(H3N2) virus at Agricultural Fairs, Ohio, USA, 2012

Author

Bowman, Andrew S., Nelson, Sarah W., Page, Shannon L., Nolting, Jacqueline M., Killian, Mary L., Sreevatsan, Srinand, and Slemons, Richard D.

Subjects
Genomics -- Analysis -- Health aspects, Swine -- Analysis -- Health aspects, Genomes -- Analysis -- Health aspects, Fairs -- Analysis -- Health aspects, Livestock industry -- Analysis -- Health aspects, Influenza -- Analysis -- Health aspects, Disease transmission -- Analysis -- Health aspects, Public health -- Analysis -- Health aspects, Health
Abstract

In the United States during 2012, approximately 300 cases of human infection with influenza A(H3N2) variant (H3N2v) virus were reported; they resulted in 16 hospitalizations and 1 death (1). The [...]

Published
2014
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15. SARS-CoV-2 infection in free-ranging white-tailed deer

Author

Hale, Vanessa L., primary, Dennis, Patricia M., additional, McBride, Dillon S., additional, Nolting, Jacqueline M., additional, Madden, Christopher, additional, Huey, Devra, additional, Ehrlich, Margot, additional, Grieser, Jennifer, additional, Winston, Jenessa, additional, Lombardi, Dusty, additional, Gibson, Stormy, additional, Saif, Linda, additional, Killian, Mary L., additional, Lantz, Kristina, additional, Tell, Rachel M., additional, Torchetti, Mia, additional, Robbe-Austerman, Suelee, additional, Nelson, Martha I., additional, Faith, Seth A., additional, and Bowman, Andrew S., additional

Published
2021
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16. SARS-CoV-2 infection in free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus)

Author

Hale, Vanessa L., primary, Dennis, Patricia M., additional, McBride, Dillon S., additional, Nolting, Jaqueline M., additional, Madden, Christopher, additional, Huey, Devra, additional, Ehrlich, Margot, additional, Grieser, Jennifer, additional, Winston, Jenessa, additional, Lombardi, Dusty, additional, Gibson, Stormy, additional, Saif, Linda, additional, Killian, Mary L., additional, Lantz, Kristina, additional, Tell, Rachel, additional, Torchetti, Mia, additional, Robbe-Austerman, Suelee, additional, Nelson, Martha I., additional, Faith, Seth A., additional, and Bowman, Andrew S., additional

Published
2021
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17. One Health Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Seropositivity among Pets in Households with Confirmed Human COVID-19 Cases—Utah and Wisconsin, 2020

Author

Goryoka, Grace W., primary, Cossaboom, Caitlin M., additional, Gharpure, Radhika, additional, Dawson, Patrick, additional, Tansey, Cassandra, additional, Rossow, John, additional, Mrotz, Victoria, additional, Rooney, Jane, additional, Torchetti, Mia, additional, Loiacono, Christina M., additional, Killian, Mary L., additional, Jenkins-Moore, Melinda, additional, Lim, Ailam, additional, Poulsen, Keith, additional, Christensen, Dan, additional, Sweet, Emma, additional, Peterson, Dallin, additional, Sangster, Anna L., additional, Young, Erin L., additional, Oakeson, Kelly F., additional, Taylor, Dean, additional, Price, Amanda, additional, Kiphibane, Tair, additional, Klos, Rachel, additional, Konkle, Darlene, additional, Bhattacharyya, Sanjib, additional, Dasu, Trivikram, additional, Chu, Victoria T., additional, Lewis, Nathaniel M., additional, Queen, Krista, additional, Zhang, Jing, additional, Uehara, Anna, additional, Dietrich, Elizabeth A., additional, Tong, Suxiang, additional, Kirking, Hannah L., additional, Doty, Jeffrey B., additional, Murrell, Laura S., additional, Spengler, Jessica R., additional, Straily, Anne, additional, Wallace, Ryan, additional, and Barton Behravesh, Casey, additional

Published
2021
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23. Genetic Evidence Supports Sporadic and Independent Introductions of Subtype H5 Low-Pathogenic Avian Influenza A Viruses from Wild Birds to Domestic Poultry in North America

Author

Li, Lei, primary, Bowman, Andrew S., additional, DeLiberto, Thomas J., additional, Killian, Mary L., additional, Krauss, Scott, additional, Nolting, Jacqueline M., additional, Torchetti, Mia Kim, additional, Ramey, Andrew M., additional, Reeves, Andrew B., additional, Stallknecht, David E., additional, Webby, Richard J., additional, and Wan, Xiu-Feng, additional

Published
2018
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24. Low-Pathogenic Influenza A Viruses in North American Diving Ducks Contribute to the Emergence of a Novel Highly Pathogenic Influenza A(H7N8) Virus

Author

Xu, Yifei, primary, Ramey, Andrew M., additional, Bowman, Andrew S., additional, DeLiberto, Thomas J., additional, Killian, Mary L., additional, Krauss, Scott, additional, Nolting, Jacqueline M., additional, Torchetti, Mia Kim, additional, Reeves, Andrew B., additional, Webby, Richard J., additional, Stallknecht, David E., additional, and Wan, Xiu-Feng, additional

Published
2017
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25. Introduction, Evolution, and Dissemination of Influenza A Viruses in Exhibition Swine in the United States during 2009 to 2013

Author

Nelson, Martha I., primary, Stucker, Karla M., additional, Schobel, Seth A., additional, Trovão, Nídia S., additional, Das, Suman R., additional, Dugan, Vivien G., additional, Nelson, Sarah W., additional, Sreevatsan, Srinand, additional, Killian, Mary L., additional, Nolting, Jacqueline M., additional, Wentworth, David E., additional, and Bowman, Andrew S., additional

Published
2016
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26. Changes in adaptation of H5N2 highly pathogenic avian influenza H5 clade 2.3.4.4 viruses in chickens and mallards

Author

DeJesus, Eric, primary, Costa-Hurtado, Mar, additional, Smith, Diane, additional, Lee, Dong-Hun, additional, Spackman, Erica, additional, Kapczynski, Darrell R., additional, Torchetti, Mia Kim, additional, Killian, Mary L., additional, Suarez, David L., additional, Swayne, David E., additional, and Pantin-Jackwood., Mary J., additional

Published
2016
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27. Outbreak of H5N2 highly pathogenic avian Influenza A virus infection in two commercial layer facilities

Author

Arruda, Paulo H. E., primary, Stevenson, Gregory W., additional, Killian, Mary L., additional, Burrough, Eric R., additional, Gauger, Phillip C., additional, Harmon, Karen M., additional, Magstadt, Drew R., additional, Yoon, Kyoung-Jin, additional, Zhang, Jianqiang, additional, Madson, Darin M., additional, Piñeyro, Pablo, additional, Derscheid, Rachel J., additional, Schwartz, Kent J., additional, Cooper, Vickie L., additional, Halbur, Patrick G., additional, Main, Rodger G., additional, Sato, Yuko, additional, and Arruda, Bailey L., additional

Published
2016
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32. Emergence of Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in the United States: clinical signs, lesions, and viral genomic sequences

Author

Stevenson, Gregory W., primary, Hoang, Hai, additional, Schwartz, Kent J., additional, Burrough, Eric R., additional, Sun, Dong, additional, Madson, Darin, additional, Cooper, Vickie L., additional, Pillatzki, Angela, additional, Gauger, Philip, additional, Schmitt, Beverly J., additional, Koster, Leo G., additional, Killian, Mary L., additional, and Yoon, Kyoungjin J., additional

Published
2013
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35. Natural Cases of 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Influenza A Virus in Pet Ferrets

Author

Swenson, Sabrina L., primary, Koster, Leo G., additional, Jenkins-Moore, Melinda, additional, Killian, Mary L., additional, DeBess, Emilio E., additional, Baker, Rocky J., additional, Mulrooney, Donna, additional, Weiss, Robin, additional, Galeota, Judith, additional, and Bredthauer, Annette, additional

Published
2010
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36. Outbreak of H5N2 highly pathogenic avian Influenza A virusinfection in two commercial layer facilities: lesions and viral antigen distribution

Author

Arruda, Paulo H. E., Stevenson, Gregory W., Killian, Mary L., Burrough, Eric R., Gauger, Phillip C., Harmon, Karen M., Magstadt, Drew R., Yoon, Kyoung-Jin, Zhang, Jianqiang, Madson, Darin M., Piñeyro, Pablo, Derscheid, Rachel J., Schwartz, Kent J., Cooper, Vickie L., Halbur, Patrick G., Main, Rodger G., Sato, Yuko, and Arruda, Bailey L.

Abstract

The largest outbreak of highly pathogenic avian Influenza A virus(HPAIV) infection in U.S. history began in December 2014 resulting in the euthanasia of millions of birds and collateral economic consequences to the U.S. poultry industry. We describe 2 cases of H5N2 HPAIV infection in laying hens in Iowa. Following a sharp increase in mortality with minimal clinical signs, 15 dead birds, from 2 unrelated farms, were submitted to the Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory. Common lesions included diffuse edema and multifocal hemorrhage of the comb, catarrhal exudate in the oropharynx, and multifocal tracheal hemorrhage. Less common lesions included epicardial petechiae, splenic hemorrhage, and pancreatic necrosis. Influenza A virusnucleoprotein was detected by immunohistochemistry in multiple cell types including ependymal cells, the choroid plexus, neurons, respiratory epithelium and macrophages in the lung, cardiac myocytes, endothelial cells, necrotic foci in the spleen, Kupffer cells in the liver, and necrotic acinar cells in the pancreas. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and sequencing confirmed H5N2 HPAIV with molecular characteristics similar to other contemporary U.S. H5N2 HPAIVs in both cases.

Published
2016
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37. Emergence of Porcine epidemic diarrhea virusin the United States: clinical signs, lesions, and viral genomic sequences

Author

Stevenson, Gregory W., Hoang, Hai, Schwartz, Kent J., Burrough, Eric R., Sun, Dong, Madson, Darin, Cooper, Vickie L., Pillatzki, Angela, Gauger, Philip, Schmitt, Beverly J., Koster, Leo G., Killian, Mary L., and Yoon, Kyoungjin J.

Abstract

During the 10 days commencing April 29, 2013, the Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory received the first 4 of many submissions from swine farms experiencing explosive epidemics of diarrhea and vomiting affecting all ages, with 90–95% mortality in suckling pigs. Histology revealed severe atrophy of villi in all segments of the small intestines with occasional villus-epithelial syncytial cells, but testing for rotaviruses and Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (Alphacoronavirus 1) were negative. Negative-staining electron microscopy of feces revealed coronavirus-like particles and a pan-coronavirus polymerase chain reaction (PCR) designed to amplify a conserved region of the polymerase gene for all members in the family Coronaviridaeproduced expected 251-bp amplicons. Subsequent sequencing and analysis revealed 99.6–100% identity among the PCR amplicons from the 4 farms and 97–99% identity to the corresponding portion of the polymerase gene of Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus(PEDV) strains, with the highest identity (99%) to strains from China in 2012. Findings were corroborated at National Veterinary Services Laboratories using 2 nested S-gene and 1 nested N-gene PCR tests where the sequenced amplicons also had the highest identity with 2012 China strains. Whole genome sequence for the virus from 2 farms in 2 different states using next-generation sequencing technique was compared to PEDV sequences available in GenBank. The 2013 U.S. PEDV had 96.6–99.5% identity with all known PEDV strains and the highest identity (>99.0%) to some of the 2011–2012 Chinese strains. The nearly simultaneous outbreaks of disease, and high degree of homology (99.6–100%) between the PEDV strains from the 4 unrelated farms, suggests a common source of virus.

Published
2013
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38. Natural Cases of 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Influenza A Virusin Pet Ferrets

Author

Swenson, Sabrina L., Koster, Leo G., Jenkins-Moore, Melinda, Killian, Mary L., DeBess, Emilio E., Baker, Rocky J., Mulrooney, Donna, Weiss, Robin, Galeota, Judith, and Bredthauer, Annette

Abstract

Respiratory swab samples were collected from 5 pet ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) exhibiting influenza-like illness. The ferrets represented 3 households in 2 states. In each case, the owners reported influenza-like illness in themselves or family members prior to the onset of a similar illness in the ferrets. Realtime reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays designed for the detection of the 2009 H1N1 Influenza A viruswere conducted in the state animal health laboratories. The assays included detection of the matrix gene of Influenza A virusand neuraminidase gene specific for 2009 H1N1 virus. Samples were positive for both screening assays. The samples were confirmed positive by the National Veterinary Services Laboratories. The history of illness in family members prior to illness in the ferrets suggests that Influenza A viruswas transmitted from humans to the ferrets.

Published
2010
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39. Genetic Evidence Supports Sporadic and Independent Introductions of Subtype H5 Low-Pathogenic Avian Influenza A Viruses from Wild Birds to Domestic Poultry in North America.

Author

Lei Li, Bowman, Andrew S., DeLiberto, Thomas J., Killian, Mary L., Krauss, Scott, Nolting, Jacqueline M., Torchetti, Mia Kim, Ramey, Andrew M., Reeves, Andrew B., Stallknecht, David E., Webby, Richard J., and Xiu-Feng Wan

Subjects
*AVIAN influenza, *MIGRATORY birds, *BIOLOGICAL evolution, *EPIDEMICS, *GENETICS
Abstract

Wild-bird origin influenza A viruses (IAVs or avian influenza) have led to sporadic outbreaks among domestic poultry in the United States and Canada, resulting in economic losses through the implementation of costly containment practices and destruction of birds. We used evolutionary analyses of virus sequence data to determine that 78 H5 low-pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIVs) isolated from domestic poultry in the United States and Canada during 2001 to 2017 resulted from 18 independent virus introductions from wild birds. Within the wild-bird reservoir, the hemagglutinin gene segments of H5 LPAIVs exist primarily as two cocirculating genetic sublineages, and our findings suggest that the H5 gene segments flow within each migratory bird flyway and among adjacent flyways, with limited exchange between the nonadjacent Atlantic and Pacific Flyways. Phylogeographic analyses provided evidence that IAVs from dabbling ducks and swans/geese contributed to the emergence of viruses among domestic poultry. H5 LPAIVs isolated from commercial farm poultry (i.e., turkey) that were descended from a single introduction typically remained a single genotype, whereas those from live-bird markets sometimes led to multiple genotypes, reflecting the potential for reassortment with other IAVs circulating within live-bird markets. H5 LPAIVs introduced from wild birds to domestic poultry represent economic threats to the U.S. poultry industry, and our data suggest that such introductions have been sporadic, controlled effectively through production monitoring and a stamping-out policy, and are, therefore, unlikely to result in sustained detections in commercial poultry operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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40. SARS-CoV-2 infection in free-ranging white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ).

Author

Hale VL, Dennis PM, McBride DS, Nolting JM, Madden C, Huey D, Ehrlich M, Grieser J, Winston J, Lombardi D, Gibson S, Saif L, Killian ML, Lantz K, Tell R, Torchetti M, Robbe-Austerman S, Nelson MI, Faith SA, and Bowman AS

Abstract

Human-to-animal spillover of SARS-CoV-2 virus has occurred in a wide range of animals, but thus far, the establishment of a new natural animal reservoir has not been detected. Here, we detected SARS-CoV-2 virus using rRT-PCR in 129 out of 360 (35.8%) free-ranging white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ) from northeast Ohio (USA) sampled between January-March 2021. Deer in 6 locations were infected with at least 3 lineages of SARS-CoV-2 (B.1.2, B.1.596, B.1.582). The B.1.2 viruses, dominant in Ohio at the time, spilled over multiple times into deer populations in different locations. Deer-to-deer transmission may have occurred in three locations. The establishment of a natural reservoir of SARS-CoV-2 in white-tailed deer could facilitate divergent evolutionary trajectories and future spillback to humans, further complicating long-term COVID-19 control strategies., One-Sentence Summary: A significant proportion of SARS-CoV-2 infection in free-ranging US white-tailed deer reveals a potential new reservoir.

Published
2021
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