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1. Gas puff imaging of plasma turbulence in the magnetic island scrape-off layer of W7-X

Author

Baek, S. G., Ballinger, S., Grulke, O., Killer, C., von Stechow, A., Terry, J. L., Scharmer, F., and Shanahan, B.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

The turbulence characteristics of the scrape-off-layer (SOL) plasma in the W7-X stellarator are investigated using a gas-puff-imaging (GPI) diagnostic, newly installed and operated during the OP 2.1 campaign. The SOL plasma on W7-X features a chain of magnetic islands intersected by discrete divertor plates at five separate toroidal locations, forming a set of island divertors for heat and particle exhaust. GPI measures 2D emission fluctuations in the magnetic island plasma. A dedicated experiment was conducted to characterize the broadband turbulence and filament dynamics in the island divertor SOL in the standard magnetic configuration. This involves shifting the poloidal location of the magnetic island with respect to the GPI field of view. Overall, initial analyses confirm minimal intermittent type fluctuations, compared to tokamaks. A relationship between the radial profile of the connection length and the sheared poloidal flow structure is discussed. Turbulence statistical analyses reveal poloidal asymmetry of the fluctuation properties and a birth region of intermittent fluctuations indicated by skewness reversal. Their birth locations appear sensitive to plasma conditions. Finally, 2D cross-correlation analysis is presented to study turbulence propagation in the presence of multiple shear layers in the poloidal flows, showing a dominant poloidal motion and evidencing a shear effect.

Published
2024

2. Impact of spatially varying transport coefficients in EMC3-Eirene simulations of W7-X and assessment of drifts

Author

Bold, David, Reimold, Felix, Niemann, Holger, Gao, Yu, Jakubowski, Marcin, Killer, Carsten, Winters, Victoria R., Maaziz, Nassim, and team, the W7-X

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

Modelling the scrape-off layer of a stellarator is challenging due to the complex magnetic 3D geometry. The here presented study analyses simulations of the scrape-off layer (SOL) of the stellarator Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) using spatially varying diffusion coefficients for the magnetic standard configuration, extending our previous study. Comparing the EMC3-Eirene simulations with experimental observations, an inconsistency between the strike-line width (SLW) and the upstream parameters was observed. While to match the experimental SLW a particle diffusion coefficient $D \approx 0.2$ is needed, $D \approx 1$ is needed to get experimental separatrix temperatures of 50\,eV at the given experimental heating power. We asses the impact of physically motivated spatially varying transport coeffients. Agreement with experimental data can be improved, but various differences remain. We show that drifts are expected to help overcome the discrepancies and, thus, the development of SOL transport models including drifts is a necessary next step to study the SOL transport of the W7-X stellarator., Comment: 15 pages, 13 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2201.06341

Published
2024

3. Information system for managing the register of serialized items based on a cloud service for enterprise economic development

Author

Bondarev Oleg, Killer Artyom, Abakumov Alexey, Solovyov Alexander, and Lelyuk Daniil

Subjects
Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

This article describes the development of an information system for managing the register of serialized items based on a cloud service. Cloud services provide the ability to access computer equipment, hardware resources, disk memory and databases via the Internet in a remote format. The developed information system belongs to the type of information retrieval system. Examples of cloud services include: renting a virtual server; virtual contact center; application rental; data store; private cloud. For development, you need to use the services of cloud services for renting a virtual server.

Published
2023
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4. Incidence and clinical outcomes of perforations during mechanical thrombectomy for medium vessel occlusion in acute ischemic stroke: A retrospective, multicenter, and multinational study.

Author

Dmytriw, Adam, Musmar, Basel, Salim, Hamza, Ghozy, Sherief, Siegler, James, Kobeissi, Hassan, Shaikh, Hamza, Khalife, Jane, Abdalkader, Mohamad, Klein, Piers, Nguyen, Thanh, Heit, Jeremy, Regenhardt, Robert, Cancelliere, Nicole, Bernstock, Joshua, Naamani, Kareem, Amllay, Abdelaziz, Meyer, Lukas, Dusart, Anne, Bellante, Flavio, Forestier, Géraud, Rouchaud, Aymeric, Saleme, Suzana, Mounayer, Charbel, Fiehler, Jens, Kühn, Anna, Puri, Ajit, Dyzmann, Christian, Kan, Peter, Colasurdo, Marco, Marnat, Gaultier, Berge, Jérôme, Barreau, Xavier, Sibon, Igor, Nedelcu, Simona, Henninger, Nils, Marotta, Thomas, Stapleton, Christopher, Rabinov, James, Ota, Takahiro, Dofuku, Shogo, Yeo, Leonard, Tan, Benjamin, Gopinathan, Anil, Martinez-Gutierrez, Juan, Salazar-Marioni, Sergio, Sheth, Sunil, Renieri, Leonardo, Capirossi, Carolina, Mowla, Ashkan, Chervak, Lina, Vagal, Achala, Adeeb, Nimer, Cuellar-Saenz, Hugo, Tjoumakaris, Stavropoula, Jabbour, Pascal, Khandelwal, Priyank, Biswas, Arundhati, Clarençon, Frédéric, Elhorany, Mahmoud, Premat, Kevin, Valente, Iacopo, Pedicelli, Alessandro, Filipe, João, Varela, Ricardo, Quintero-Consuegra, Miguel, Gonzalez, Nestor, Möhlenbruch, Markus, Jesser, Jessica, Costalat, Vincent, Ter Schiphorst, Adrien, Yedavalli, Vivek, Harker, Pablo, Aziz, Yasmin, Gory, Benjamin, Stracke, Christian, Hecker, Constantin, Kadirvel, Ramanathan, Killer-Oberpfalzer, Monika, Griessenauer, Christoph, Thomas, Ajith, Hsieh, Cheng-Yang, Liebeskind, David, Alexandru Radu, Răzvan, Alexandre, Andrea, Tancredi, Illario, Faizy, Tobias, Fahed, Robert, Weyland, Charlotte, Lubicz, Boris, Patel, Aman, Pereira, Vitor, and Guenego, Adrien

Subjects
AIS, MT, MeVo, Stroke, mechanical thrombectomy, perforation, Humans, Ischemic Stroke, Male, Retrospective Studies, Female, Aged, Middle Aged, Incidence, Thrombectomy, Treatment Outcome, Aged, 80 and over
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) has revolutionized the treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to large vessel occlusion (LVO), but its efficacy and safety in medium vessel occlusion (MeVO) remain less explored. This multicenter, retrospective study aims to investigate the incidence and clinical outcomes of vessel perforations (confirmed by extravasation during an angiographic series) during MT for AIS caused by MeVO. METHODS: Data were collected from 37 academic centers across North America, Asia, and Europe between September 2017 and July 2021. A total of 1373 AIS patients with MeVO underwent MT. Baseline characteristics, procedural details, and clinical outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: The incidence of vessel perforation was 4.8% (66/1373). Notably, our analysis indicates variations in perforation rates across different arterial segments: 8.9% in M3 segments, 4.3% in M2 segments, and 8.3% in A2 segments (p = 0.612). Patients with perforation had significantly worse outcomes, with lower rates of favorable angiographic outcomes (TICI 2c-3: 23% vs 58.9%, p

Published
2024

5. The Realization of a Gas Puff Imaging System on the Wendelstein 7-X Stellarator

Author

Terry, J. L., von Stechow, A., Baek, S. G., Ballinger, S. B., Grulke, O., von Sehren, C., Laube, R., Killer, C., Scharmer, F., Brunner, K. J., Knauer, J., Bois, S., and Team, the W7-X

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

A system for studying the spatio-temporal dynamics of fluctuations in the boundary of the W7-X plasma using the Gas-Puff Imaging (GPI) technique has been designed, constructed, installed, and operated. This GPI system addresses a number of challenges specific to long-pulse superconducting devices like W7-X, including the long distance between the plasma and the vacuum vessel wall, the long distance between the plasma and diagnostic ports, the range of last closed flux surface locations for different magnetic configurations in W7-X, and management of heat loads on the system's plasma-facing components. The system features a pair of "converging-diverging" nozzles for partially collimating the gas puffed locally $\approx$135 mm radially outboard of the plasma boundary, a pop-up turning mirror for viewing the gas puff emission from the side (also acting as a shutter for the re-entrant vacuum window), and a high-throughput optical system that collects visible emission resulting from the interaction between the puffed gas and the plasma and directs it along a water-cooled re-entrant tube directly onto the 8 x 16 pixel detector array of the fast camera. The DEGAS 2 neutrals code was used to simulate the H$_\alpha$ (656 nm) and the HeI (587 nm) line emission expected from well-characterized gas-puffs of H$_2$ and He and excited within typical edge plasma profiles in W7-X, thereby predicting line brightnesses used to reduce the risks associated with system sensitivity and placement of the field of view. Operation of GPI on W7-X shows excellent signal to noise ratios (>100) over the field of view for minimally perturbing gas puffs. The GPI system provides detailed measurements of the 2-dimensional (radial and poloidal) dynamics of plasma fluctuations in the W7-X edge, scrape-off layer, and in and around the magnetic islands that make up the island divertor configuration employed on W7-X., Comment: 30 pages, 23 figures, submitted to Review of Scientific Instruments

Published
2024

6. SoK: Decentralized Finance (DeFi) -- Fundamentals, Taxonomy and Risks

Author

Gogol, Krzysztof, Killer, Christian, Schlosser, Malte, Bocek, Thomas, Stiller, Burkhard, and Tessone, Claudio

Subjects
Computer Science - Cryptography and Security
Abstract

Decentralized Finance (DeFi) refers to financial services that are not necessarily related to crypto-currencies. By employing blockchain for security and integrity, DeFi creates new possibilities that attract retail and institution users, including central banks. Given its novel applications and sophisticated designs, the distinction between DeFi services and understanding the risk involved is often complex. This work systematically presents the major categories of DeFi protocols that cover over 90\% of total value locked (TVL) in DeFi. It establishes a structured methodology to differentiate between DeFi protocols based on their design and architecture. Every DeFi protocol is classified into one of three groups: liquidity pools, pegged and synthetic tokens, and aggregator protocols, followed by risk analysis. In particular, we classify stablecoins, liquid staking tokens, and bridged (wrapped) assets as pegged tokens resembling similar risks. The full risk exposure of DeFi users is derived not only from the DeFi protocol design but also from how it is used and with which tokens.

Published
2024

7. Performance Analysis of Decentralized Physical Infrastructure Networks and Centralized Clouds

Author

von der Assen, Jan, Killer, Christian, De Carli, Alessandro, and Stiller, Burkhard

Subjects
Computer Science - Cryptography and Security, Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing
Abstract

The advent of Decentralized Physical Infrastructure Networks (DePIN) represents a shift in the digital infrastructure of today's Internet. While Centralized Service Providers (CSP) monopolize cloud computing, DePINs aim to enhance data sovereignty and confidentiality and increase resilience against a single point of failure. Due to the novelty of the emerging field of DePIN, this work focuses on the potential of DePINs to disrupt traditional centralized architectures by taking advantage of the Internet of Things (IoT) devices and crypto-economic design in combination with blockchains. This combination yields Acurast, a more distributed, resilient, and user-centric physical infrastructure deployment. Through comparative analysis with centralized systems, particularly in serverless computing contexts, this work seeks to lay the first steps in scientifically evaluating DePINs and quantitatively comparing them in terms of efficiency and effectiveness in real-world applications. The findings suggest DePINs' potential to (i) reduce trust assumptions and physically decentralized infrastructure, (ii) increase efficiency and performance simultaneously while improving the computation's (iii) confidentiality and verifiability.

Published
2024

8. Asset-centric Threat Modeling for AI-based Systems

Author

von der Assen, Jan, Sharif, Jamo, Feng, Chao, Killer, Christian, Bovet, Gérôme, and Stiller, Burkhard

Subjects
Computer Science - Cryptography and Security, Computer Science - Software Engineering
Abstract

Threat modeling is a popular method to securely develop systems by achieving awareness of potential areas of future damage caused by adversaries. However, threat modeling for systems relying on Artificial Intelligence is still not well explored. While conventional threat modeling methods and tools did not address AI-related threats, research on this amalgamation still lacks solutions capable of guiding and automating the process, as well as providing evidence that the methods hold up in practice. Consequently, this paper presents ThreatFinderAI, an approach and tool providing guidance and automation to model AI-related assets, threats, countermeasures, and quantify residual risks. To evaluate the practicality of the approach, participants were tasked to recreate a threat model developed by cybersecurity experts of an AI-based healthcare platform. Secondly, the approach was used to identify and discuss strategic risks in an LLM-based application through a case study. Overall, the solution's usability was well-perceived and effectively supports threat identification and risk discussion.

Published
2024

10. Multicenter evaluation of mechanical thrombectomy for distal medium vessel occlusions with National Institute of Health Stroke Scale Scores ≥ 6 and ≤ 6

Author

Kühn, Anna Luisa, Puri, Ajit S., Salim, Hamza Adel, Musmar, Basel, Ghozy, Sherief, Siegler, James, Shaikh, Hamza, Khalife, Jane, Abdalkader, Mohamad, Klein, Piers, Nguyen, Thanh N., Heit, Jeremy J., Regenhardt, Robert W., Diestro, Jose Danilo Bengzon, Cancelliere, Nicole M., Sweid, Ahmad, Naamani, Kareem El, Hasan, Zuha, Gopinathan, Anil, Amllay, Abdelaziz, Meyer, Lukas, Dusart, Anne, Bellante, Flavio, Forestier, Géraud, Rouchaud, Aymeric, Saleme, Suzana, Mounayer, Charbel, Fiehler, Jens, Dyzmann, Christian, Kan, Peter T., Singh, Jasmeet, Colasurdo, Marco, Marnat, Gaultier, Berge, Jérôme, Barreau, Xavier, Sibon, Igor, Nedelcu, Simona, Henninger, Nils, Marotta, Thomas R., Stapleton, Christopher J., Rabinov, James D., Ota, Takahiro, Dofuku, Shogo, Yeo, Leonard LL., Tan, Benjamin Y. Q., Martinez-Gutierrez, Juan Carlos, Salazar-Marioni, Sergio, Sheth, Sunil, Renieri, Leonardo, Capirossi, Carolina, Mowla, Ashkan, Tjoumakaris, Stavropoula I., Jabbour, Pascal, Khandelwal, Priyank, Biswas, Arundhati, Clarençon, Frédéric, Elhorany, Mahmoud, Premat, Kevin, Valente, Iacopo, Pedicelli, Alessandro, Filipe, João Pedro, Varela, Ricardo, Quintero-Consuegra, Miguel, Gonzalez, Nestor R., Möhlenbruch, Markus A., Jesser, Jessica, Costalat, Vincent, ter Schiphorst, Adrien, Yedavalli, Vivek, Harker, Pablo, Chervak, Lina, Aziz, Yasmin, Gory, Benjamin, Stracke, Christian Paul, Hecker, Constantin, Killer-Oberpfalzer, Monika, Griessenauer, Christoph J., Thomas, Ajith, Hsieh, Cheng-Yang, Liebeskind, David S., Radu, Răzvan Alexandru, Alexandre, Andrea M., Fahed, Robert, Tancredi, Illario, Faizy, Tobias D., Weyland, Charlotte, Lubicz, Boris, Patel, Aman B., Pereira, Vitor Mendes, Guenego, Adrien, and Dmytriw, Adam A.

Published
2024
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11. First pass effect as an independent predictor of functional outcomes in medium vessel occlusions: An analysis of an international multicenter study.

Author

Radu, Răzvan, Costalat, Vincent, Fahed, Robert, Ghozy, Sherief, Siegler, James, Shaikh, Hamza, Khalife, Jane, Abdalkader, Mohamad, Klein, Piers, Nguyen, Thanh, Heit, Jeremy, Sweid, Ahmad, El Naamani, Kareem, Regenhardt, Robert, Diestro, Jose, Cancelliere, Nicole, Amllay, Abdelaziz, Meyer, Lukas, Dusart, Anne, Bellante, Flavio, Forestier, Géraud, Rouchaud, Aymeric, Saleme, Suzana, Mounayer, Charbel, Fiehler, Jens, Kühn, Anna, Puri, Ajit, Dyzmann, Christian, Kan, Peter, Colasurdo, Marco, Marnat, Gaultier, Berge, Jérôme, Barreau, Xavier, Sibon, Igor, Nedelcu, Simona, Henninger, Nils, Kyheng, Maéva, Marotta, Thomas, Stapleton, Christopher, Rabinov, James, Ota, Takahiro, Dofuku, Shogo, Yeo, Leonard, Tan, Benjamin, Martinez-Gutierrez, Juan, Salazar-Marioni, Sergio, Sheth, Sunil, Renieri, Leonardo, Capirossi, Carolina, Mowla, Ashkan, Tjoumakaris, Stavropoula, Jabbour, Pascal, Khandelwal, Priyank, Biswas, Arundhati, Clarençon, Frédéric, Elhorany, Mahmoud, Premat, Kevin, Valente, Iacopo, Pedicelli, Alessandro, Pedro Filipe, João, Varela, Ricardo, Quintero-Consuegra, Miguel, Gonzalez, Nestor, Möhlenbruch, Markus, Jesser, Jessica, Tancredi, Illario, Ter Schiphorst, Adrien, Yedavalli, Vivek, Harker, Pablo, Chervak, Lina, Aziz, Yasmin, Gory, Benjamin, Paul Stracke, Christian, Hecker, Constantin, Killer-Oberpfalzer, Monika, Griessenauer, Christoph, Thomas, Ajith, Hsieh, Cheng-Yang, Liebeskind, David, Alexandre, Andrea, Faizy, Tobias, Weyland, Charlotte, Patel, Aman, Pereira, Vitor, Lubicz, Boris, Dmytriw, Adam, and Guenego, Adrien

Subjects
MeVO, Stroke, outcomes research, reperfusion, thrombectomy, Humans, Stroke, Brain Ischemia, Retrospective Studies, Thrombectomy, Treatment Outcome, Intracranial Hemorrhages
Abstract

INTRODUCTION: First pass effect (FPE), achievement of complete recanalization (mTICI 2c/3) with a single pass, is a significant predictor of favorable outcomes for endovascular treatment (EVT) in large vessel occlusion stroke (LVO). However, data concerning the impact on functional outcomes and predictors of FPE in medium vessel occlusions (MeVO) are scarce. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted an international retrospective study on MeVO cases. Multivariable logistic modeling was used to establish independent predictors of FPE. Clinical and safety outcomes were compared between the two study groups (FPE vs non-FPE) using logistic regression models. Good outcome was defined as modified Rankin Scale 0-2 at 3 months. RESULTS: Eight hundred thirty-six patients with a final mTICI ⩾ 2b were included in this analysis. FPE was observed in 302 patients (36.1%). In multivariable analysis, hypertension (aOR 1.55, 95% CI 1.10-2.20) and lower baseline NIHSS score (aOR 0.95, 95% CI 0.93-0.97) were independently associated with an FPE. Good outcomes were more common in the FPE versus non-FPE group (72.8% vs 52.8%), and FPE was independently associated with favorable outcome (aOR 2.20, 95% CI 1.59-3.05). 90-day mortality and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) were significantly lower in the FPE group, 0.43 (95% CI, 0.25-0.72) and 0.55 (95% CI, 0.39-0.77), respectively. CONCLUSION: Over 2/3 of patients with MeVOs and FPE in our cohort had a favorable outcome at 90 days. FPE is independently associated with favorable outcomes, it may reduce the risk of any intracranial hemorrhage, and 3-month mortality.

Published
2024

14. Early combination therapy of COVID-19 in high-risk patients

Author

Orth, Hans Martin, Flasshove, Charlotte, Berger, Moritz, Hattenhauer, Tessa, Biederbick, Kaja D., Mispelbaum, Rebekka, Klein, Uwe, Stemler, Jannik, Fisahn, Matthis, Doleschall, Anna D., Baermann, Ben-Niklas, Koenigshausen, Eva, Tselikmann, Olga, Killer, Alexander, de Angelis, Clara, Gliga, Smaranda, Stegbauer, Johannes, Spuck, Nikolai, Silling, Gerda, Rockstroh, Jürgen K., Strassburg, Christian P., Brossart, Peter, Panse, Jens P., Jensen, Björn-Erik Ole, Luedde, Tom, Boesecke, Christoph, Heine, Annkristin, Cornely, Oliver A., and Monin, Malte B.

Published
2024
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15. Maximizing Seaweed Growth on Autonomous Farms: A Dynamic Programming Approach for Underactuated Systems Navigating on Uncertain Ocean Currents

Author

Killer, Matthias, Wiggert, Marius, Krasowski, Hanna, Doshi, Manan, Lermusiaux, Pierre F. J., and Tomlin, Claire J.

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and Control, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Robotics
Abstract

Seaweed biomass offers significant potential for climate mitigation, but large-scale, autonomous open-ocean farms are required to fully exploit it. Such farms typically have low propulsion and are heavily influenced by ocean currents. We want to design a controller that maximizes seaweed growth over months by taking advantage of the non-linear time-varying ocean currents for reaching high-growth regions. The complex dynamics and underactuation make this challenging even when the currents are known. This is even harder when only short-term imperfect forecasts with increasing uncertainty are available. We propose a dynamic programming-based method to efficiently solve for the optimal growth value function when true currents are known. We additionally present three extensions when as in reality only forecasts are known: (1) our methods resulting value function can be used as feedback policy to obtain the growth-optimal control for all states and times, allowing closed-loop control equivalent to re-planning at every time step hence mitigating forecast errors, (2) a feedback policy for long-term optimal growth beyond forecast horizons using seasonal average current data as terminal reward, and (3) a discounted finite-time Dynamic Programming (DP) formulation to account for increasing ocean current estimate uncertainty. We evaluate our approach through 30-day simulations of floating seaweed farms in realistic Pacific Ocean current scenarios. Our method demonstrates an achievement of 95.8% of the best possible growth using only 5-day forecasts. This confirms the feasibility of using low-power propulsion and optimal control for enhanced seaweed growth on floating farms under real-world conditions., Comment: 8 pages, submitted to 2023 IEEE 62th Annual Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) Matthias Killer and Marius Wiggert contributed equally to this work

Published
2023

16. Dual Layer vs Single Layer Woven EndoBridge Device in the Treatment of Intracranial Aneurysms: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis

Author

Dmytriw, Adam A., Salim, Hamza, Musmar, Basel, Aslan, Assala, Cancelliere, Nicole M., McLellan, Rachel M., Algin, Oktay, Ghozy, Sherief, Dibas, Mahmoud, Lay, Sovann V., Guenego, Adrien, Renieri, Leonardo, Carnevale, Joseph, Saliou, Guillaume, Mastorakos, Panagiotis, Naamani, Kareem El, Shotar, Eimad, Premat, Kevin, Möhlenbruch, Markus, Kral, Michael, Doron, Omer, Chung, Charlotte, Salem, Mohamed M., Lylyk, Ivan, Foreman, Paul M., Vachhani, Jay A., Shaikh, Hamza, Župančić, Vedran, Hafeez, Muhammad U., Catapano, Joshua, Waqas, Muhammad, Tutino, Vincent M., Ibrahim, Mohamed K., Mohammed, Marwa A., Imamoglu, Cetin, Bayrak, Ahmet, Rabinov, James D., Ren, Yifan, Schirmer, Clemens M., Piano, Mariangela, Kühn, Anna L., Michelozzi, Caterina, Elens, Stéphanie, Starke, Robert M., Hassan, Ameer E., Ogilvie, Mark, Sporns, Peter, Jones, Jesse, Brinjikji, Waleed, Nawka, Marie T., Psychogios, Marios, Ulfert, Christian, Diestro, Jose Danilo Bengzon, Pukenas, Bryan, Burkhardt, Jan-Karl, Huynh, Thien, Martinez-Gutierrez, Juan Carlos, Essibayi, Muhammed Amir, Sheth, Sunil A., Spiegel, Gary, Tawk, Rabih, Lubicz, Boris, Panni, Pietro, Puri, Ajit S., Pero, Guglielmo, Nossek, Erez, Raz, Eytan, Killer-Oberfalzer, Monika, Griessenauer, Christoph J., Asadi, Hamed, Siddiqui, Adnan, Brook, Allan L., Altschul, David, Ducruet, Andrew F., Albuquerque, Felipe C., Regenhardt, Robert W., Stapleton, Christopher J., Kan, Peter, Kalousek, Vladimir, Lylyk, Pedro, Boddu, Srikanth, Knopman, Jared, Aziz-Sultan, Mohammad A., Tjoumakaris, Stavropoula I., Clarençon, Frédéric, Limbucci, Nicola, Cuellar-Saenz, Hugo H., Jabbour, Pascal M., Pereira, Vitor Mendes, Patel, Aman B., and Adeeb, Nimer

Published
2024
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19. Outcomes with General Anesthesia Compared to Conscious Sedation for Endovascular Treatment of Medium Vessel Occlusions: Results of an International Multicentric Study

Author

Radu, Răzvan Alexandru, Costalat, Vincent, Romoli, Michele, Musmar, Basel, Siegler, James E., Ghozy, Sherief, Khalife, Jane, Salim, Hamza, Shaikh, Hamza, Adeeb, Nimer, Cuellar-Saenz, Hugo H., Thomas, Ajith J., Kadirvel, Ramanathan, Abdalkader, Mohamad, Klein, Piers, Nguyen, Thanh N., Heit, Jeremy J., Regenhardt, Robert W., Bernstock, Joshua D., Patel, Aman B., Rabinov, James D., Stapleton, Christopher J., Cancelliere, Nicole M., Marotta, Thomas R., Mendes Pereira, Vitor, El Naamani, Kareem, Amllay, Abdelaziz, Tjoumakaris, Stavropoula I., Jabbour, Pascal, Meyer, Lukas, Fiehler, Jens, Faizy, Tobias D., Guerreiro, Helena, Dusart, Anne, Bellante, Flavio, Forestier, Géraud, Rouchaud, Aymeric, Mounayer, Charbel, Kühn, Anna Luisa, Puri, Ajit S., Dyzmann, Christian, Kan, Peter T., Colasurdo, Marco, Marnat, Gaultier, Berge, Jérôme, Barreau, Xavier, Sibon, Igor, Nedelcu, Simona, Henninger, Nils, Ota, Takahiro, Dofuku, Shogo, Yeo, Leonard L. L., Tan, Benjamin YQ, Gopinathan, Anil, Martinez-Gutierrez, Juan Carlos, Salazar-Marioni, Sergio, Sheth, Sunil, Renieri, Leonardo, Capirossi, Carolina, Mowla, Ashkan, Chervak, Lina M., Vagal, Achala, Khandelwal, Priyank, Biswas, Arundhati, Clarençon, Frédéric, Elhorany, Mahmoud, Premat, Kevin, Valente, Iacopo, Pedicelli, Alessandro, Alexandre, Andrea M., Filipe, João Pedro, Varela, Ricardo, Quintero-Consuegra, Miguel, Gonzalez, Nestor R., YMD, Markus A., Jesser, Jessica, Weyland, Charlotte, ter Schiphorst, Adrien, Yedavalli, Vivek, Harker, Pablo, Aziz, Yasmin, Gory, Benjamin, Paul Stracke, Christian, Hecker, Constantin, Killer-Oberpfalzer, Monika, Griessenauer, Christoph J., Hsieh, Cheng-Yang, Liebeskind, David S., Tancredi, Illario, Fahed, Robert, Lubicz, Boris, Essibayi, Muhammed Amir, Baker, Amanda, Altschul, David, Scarcia, Luca, Kalsoum, Erwah, Dmytriw, Adam A., and Guenego, Adrien

Published
2024
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20. Use of the pRESET LITE thrombectomy device in combined approach for medium vessel occlusions: A multicenter evaluation

Author

Wang, Maud, Henkes, Hans, Ghozy, Sherief, Siegler, James E., Shaikh, Hamza, Khalife, Jane, Abdalkader, Mohamad, Klein, Piers, Nguyen, Thanh N., Heit, Jeremy J., Sweid, Ahmad, Naamani, Kareem El, Regenhardt, Robert W., Diestro, Jose Danilo Bengzon, Cancelliere, Nicole M., Amllay, Abdelaziz, Meyer, Lukas, Dusart, Anne, Bellante, Flavio, Forestier, Géraud, Rouchaud, Aymeric, Saleme, Suzana, Mounayer, Charbel, Fiehler, Jens, Kühn, Anna Luisa, Puri, Ajit S., Dyzmann, Christian, Kan, Peter T., Colasurdo, Marco, Marnat, Gaultier, Berge, Jérôme, Barreau, Xavier, Sibon, Igor, Nedelcu, Simona, Henninger, Nils, Weyland, Charlotte, Marotta, Thomas R., Stapleton, Christopher J., Rabinov, James D., Ota, Takahiro, Dofuku, Shogo, Yeo, Leonard LL., Tan, Benjamin Y. Q., Martinez-Gutierrez, Juan Carlos, Salazar-Marioni, Sergio, Sheth, Sunil, Renieri, Leonardo, Capirossi, Carolina, Mowla, Ashkan, Tjoumakaris, Stavropoula I., Jabbour, Pascal, Khandelwal, Priyank, Biswas, Arundhati, Clarençon, Frédéric, Elhorany, Mahmoud, Premat, Kevin, Valente, Iacopo, Pedicelli, Alessandro, Filipe, João Pedro, Varela, Ricardo, Quintero-Consuegra, Miguel, Gonzalez, Nestor R., Möhlenbruch, Markus A., Jesser, Jessica, Costalat, Vincent, ter Schiphorst, Adrien, Yedavalli, Vivek, Harker, Pablo, Chervak, Lina M., Aziz, Yasmin, Gory, Benjamin, Stracke, Christian Paul, Hecker, Constantin, Killer-Oberpfalzer, Monika, Griessenauer, Christoph J., Thomas, Ajith J., Hsieh, Cheng-Yang, Liebeskind, David S., Radu, Răzvan Alexandru, Alexandre, Andrea M., Tancredi, Illario, Faizy, Tobias D., Patel, Aman B., Pereira, Vitor Mendes, Fahed, Robert, Lubicz, Boris, Dmytriw, Adam A., and Guenego, Adrien

Published
2024
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21. Safety and effectiveness of SOFIA/SOFIA PLUS for direct aspiration as first line treatment in patients with acute anterior ischemic stroke: results from the prospective, multicentric SESAME study

Author

Ulf Neuberger, Gaultier Marnat, Xavier Barreau, Antonio Pitrone, Antonio A. Caragliano, Monika Killer-Oberpfalzer, Johannes A. R. Pfaff, Christoph J. Maurer, Ansgar Berlis, Reinoud Bokkers, Maarten Uyttenboogaart, Nader Sourour, Frédéric Clarençon, Fritz Wodarg, Christophe Cognard, Georg Bohner, Johannes Trenkler, Laurent Spelle, Werner Weber, Nasreddine Nouri, Susanne Bonekamp, Götz Thomalla, Jens Fiehler, Martin Bendszus, and Markus A. Möhlenbruch

Subjects
stroke, thrombectomy, aspiration (MeSH), good clinical practice (GCP), prospective observational study, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract

BackgroundMechanical thrombectomy is a cornerstone treatment for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) with large vessel occlusion (LVO), yet the optimal technique remains debated. The SOFIA/SOFIA PLUS catheter has emerged as a promising tool for direct aspiration thrombectomy.PurposeThis prospective multi-center study, adhering Good-Clinical-Practice guidelines, aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the SOFIA/SOFIA PLUS catheter for direct aspiration as a first-line treatment technique in patients with acute anterior circulation LVO.Materials and methodsBetween 10/2017 and 12/2021, 246 consecutive patients presenting with AIS due to anterior circulation LVO were enrolled from 14 European centers. Primary treatment with SOFIA catheters was performed within 6 h of symptom onset. Clinical and radiological data were collected, and statistical analyses were conducted.ResultsThe mean age of the included patients was 71.6 ± 13.9 years, with 44.7% being male. Primary aspiration achieved complete recanalization in 72.8% of patients, with functional independence observed in 63.8% after 90 days. Secondary outcomes included a median NIHSS of 4 at 24 h post-procedure, median ASPECTS of 7 on follow-up imaging, and a mortality rate of 24.4% at 90 days. No device malfunctions were observed, and the rate of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage was 4.4%.ConclusionPrimary aspiration with the SOFIA/SOFIA PLUS catheter demonstrates favorable safety and efficacy profiles in the treatment of anterior circulation LVO. These findings support the utilization of this technique as a first-line approach in mechanical thrombectomy for AIS, contributing to the growing body of evidence endorsing the effectiveness of direct aspiration thrombectomy in stroke management.

Published
2024
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25. On the interaction between the island divertor heat fluxes, the scrape-off layer radial electric field and the edge turbulence in Wendelstein 7-X plasmas

Author

Maragkoudakis, E., Carralero, D., Estrada, T., Windisch, T., Gao, Y., Killer, C., Jakubowski, M., Sitjes, A. Puig, Pisano, F., Sándor, H., Vecsei, M., Zoletnik, S., Cappa, A., and team, the Wendelstein 7-X

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

The formation of the radial electric field, $E_{\rm r}$ in the SOL has been experimentally studied for attached divertor conditions in stellarator W7-X. The main objective of this study is to test the validity in a complex 3D island divertor of simple models, typically developed in tokamaks, relating $E_{\rm r}$ to the sheath potential drop gradient at the target. Additionally, we investigate the effect of the edge $E_{\rm r}$ shear on the reduction of density fluctuation amplitude, a well-established phenomenon according to the existing bibliography. The main diagnostic for measurements in the SOL is a V-band Doppler reflectometer that can provide the measurement of the $E_{\rm r}$ and density fluctuations with good spatial resolution. Three-dimensional measurements of divertor parameters has been carried out using infrared cameras, with $\lambda_{\rm q}$ resulting a suitable proxy for the model-relevant $\lambda_{\rm T}$. In the investigated attached regimes, it is shown for the first time that the formation of the $E_{\rm r}$ in the SOL depends on parameters at the divertor, following a $E_{\rm r} \propto T_{\rm e} /\lambda_q$ qualitatively similar to that found in a tokamak. Then, from the analyzed plasmas, the observed $E_{\rm r}$ shear at the edge is linked to a moderate local reduction of the amplitude of density fluctuations.

Published
2022
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26. Properties of boron layers deposited during boronisations in W7-X

Author

M. Mayer, M. Balden, T. Bräuer, D. Cipciar, C.P. Dhard, P. Drews, S. Elgeti, D. Höschen, C. Killer, D. Naujoks, N. Sandri, J.-H. Schmid-Dencker, L. Vanó, H. Viebke, and O. Volzke

Subjects
W7-X, Boronisation, Wall conditioning, Ion beam analysis, Multi-purpose manipulator, Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, TK9001-9401
Abstract

Boronisation was first used for wall conditioning in W7-X during the OP 1.2b operational period, which was characterized by the use of the fine-grain graphite Test Divertor Unit (TDU) and inertial cooling only. After this period, deposited layers were observed on all inner surfaces. Deposited layers were analyzed on 21 inner wall tiles using ion beam analysis methods, the deposited layers consisted mostly of boron with additional carbon and oxygen. During the operational period OP 2.1 with an actively water cooled divertor made of carbon fiber reinforced carbon, different materials were exposed during two individual boronisations using the multi-purpose manipulator. Deposited boronisation layers on the samples were analyzed using nuclear reaction analysis. The deposited layer thicknesses showed some variation depending on substrate material and surface roughness, but a systematic dependence on material and/or roughness was not observed. Under the typical boronisation conditions at W7-X, one A × h (Ampere times hour) of boronisation results in a boronisation layer with a thickness of about 30 ± 15 × 1015 B-atoms/cm2 (about 3 ± 1.5 nm) at the position of the multi-purpose manipulator. The oxygen gettering capacity of the layers is up to 0.5 – 0.9O/B.

Published
2024
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27. Impact of postoperative necrotizing enterocolitis after neonatal cardiac surgery on neurodevelopmental outcome at 1 year of age

Author

Walter Knirsch, Alexandra De Silvestro, Verena Rathke, Christelle L’Ebraly, Julia C. Natterer, Juliane Schneider, Nicole Sekarski, Beatrice Latal, Cristina Borradori-Tolsa, Maya S. Bouhabib, Katharina Fuhrer Kradolfer, Martin Glöckler, Damian Hutter, Marc R. Pfluger, Lena Kaiser, Angelo Polito, Janet F. Kelly-Geyer, Michael von Rhein, the Swiss ORCHID group, Rene Pretre, Amir-Reza Hosseinpour, Tornike Sologashvili, Marc Raphael Pfluger, Katharina Fuhrer-Kradolfer, Sebastian Grunt, Therese Fahrni, Alexander Kadner, Ruth Etter, Hitendu Dave, Robert Cesnjevar, Mark Brotzmann, Hannah Kümin, Rachel Kusche, Christa Killer, Ursula Speckle, Regula Schmid, Barbara Goeggel-Simonetti, Letizia von Laer, Seraina Calonder Faas, Margreet Duetz, Marc Ecoffey, Marie Pascale Metrailler, David Wille, and Berenice Bubl

Subjects
congenital heart disease, neurodevelopmental outcome, neonates, cardiopulmonary bypass surgery, complications, Pediatrics, RJ1-570
Abstract

ObjectivesWe analyzed the impact of postoperative necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) after cardiac surgery in neonatal age on neurodevelopmental (ND) outcome at 1 year of age.MethodsUsing data from the Swiss Neurodevelopmental Outcome Registry for Children with Congenital Heart Disease (ORCHID), we analyzed perioperative variables including postoperative NEC (Bell's stage ≥2) and 1-year ND outcome (Bayley III).ResultsThe included patients (n = 101) had congenital heart disease (CHD), categorized as follows: 77 underwent biventricular repair for CHD with two functional chambers, 22 underwent staged palliation until the Fontan procedure for CHD with single ventricle physiology (n = 22), or 4 underwent single ventricle palliation or biventricular repair for borderline CHD (n = 4). Neonatal cardiopulmonary bypass (CBP) surgery was performed at a median age (IQR) of 8 (6) days. NEC occurred in 16 patients. Intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS) and the total duration of the hospitalization were longer in children with NEC than those in others (14 with vs. 8 days without NEC, p

Published
2024
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28. Off-Label use of Woven EndoBridge device for intracranial brain aneurysm treatment: Modeling of occlusion outcome

Author

Dibas, Mahmoud, Spears, Julian, Sundararajan, Sri Hari, Al Balush, Ali, Vranic, Justin E., Inoue, Yasuaki, Mirshahi, Shervin, Alotaibi, Naif M., Harker, Pablo, Tutino, Vincent M., Sporns, Peter, Brehm, Alex, Essibayi, Muhammed Amir, Jabal, Mohamed Sobhi, Musmar, Basel, Adeeb, Nimer, Salim, Hamza, Aslan, Assala, Cancelliere, Nicole M., McLellan, Rachel M., Algin, Oktay, Ghozy, Sherief, Lay, Sovann V., Guenego, Adrien, Renieri, Leonardo, Carnevale, Joseph, Saliou, Guillaume, Mastorakos, Panagiotis, Naamani, Kareem El, Shotar, Eimad, Premat, Kevin, Möhlenbruch, Markus, Kral, Michael, Doron, Omer, Chung, Charlotte, Salem, Mohamed M, Lylyk, Ivan, Foreman, Paul M., Vachhani, Jay A., Shaikh, Hamza, Župančić, Vedran, Hafeez, Muhammad U., Catapano, Joshua, Waqas, Muhammad, Yavuz, Kivilcim, Gunes, Yasin Celal, Rabinov, James D., Ren, Yifan, Schirmer, Clemens M., Piano, Mariangela, Kühn, Anna L., Michelozzi, Caterina, Starke, Robert M., Hassan, Ameer, Ogilvie, Mark, Nguyen, Anh, Jones, Jesse, Brinjikji, Waleed, Nawka, Marie T., Psychogios, Marios, Ulfert, Christian, Diestro, Jose Danilo Bengzon, Pukenas, Bryan, Burkhardt, Jan-Karl, Huynh, Thien, Gutierrez, Juan Carlos Martinez, Sheth, Sunil A., Spiegel, Gary, Tawk, Rabih, Lubicz, Boris, Panni, Pietro, Puri, Ajit S., Pero, Guglielmo, Nossek, Erez, Raz, Eytan, Killer-Oberfalzer, Monika, Griessenauer, Christoph J., Asadi, Hamed, Siddiqui, Adnan, Brook, Allan L., Haranhalli, Neil, Ducruet, Andrew F., Albuquerque, Felipe C., Regenhardt, Robert W., Stapleton, Christopher J., Kan, Peter, Kalousek, Vladimir, Lylyk, Pedro, Boddu, Srikanth, Knopman, Jared, Aziz-Sultan, Mohammad A., Tjoumakaris, Stavropoula I., Clarençon, Frédéric, Limbucci, Nicola, Cuellar-Saenz, Hugo H., Jabbour, Pascal M, Pereira, Vitor Mendes, Patel, Aman B., Altschul, David, and Dmytriw, Adam A.

Published
2024
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29. Endovascular thrombectomy for acute ischaemic stroke with established large infarct (TENSION): 12-month outcomes of a multicentre, open-label, randomised trial

Author

Aamodt, Anne Hege, Adamczewski, Olaf, Alektoror, Kirill, Alexander, März, Alexandrou, Maria, Alias, Quentin, Al-Kuzae, Fadha Elawi, Allard, Julien, Al-Schameri, Rahman, Álvarez, Alberto, Andersen, Grethe, AnkerlundBlaufeldt, Rolf, Antje, Riedel, Appelbohm, Hannes, Argren, Maria, Assmann, Anne, Augustin, Michael, Bach, Elke, Bar, Michal, Barleben, Maria, Baronnet, Flore, Barrios, Andrés, Bavúzová, Xénia, BayThomsen, Rikke, Becker, Sandra, Beer, Sylvia, Behme, Daniel, Bellut, Maximilian, Bendszus, Martin, Berkefeld, Joachim, Bester, Maximillian, Bode, Felix J., Boehme, Christian, Boese, Ramona, Bohmann, Ferdinand, Bonekamp, Susanne, Borggrefe, Jan, Boss, Erendira Gabriela, Boutchakova, Maria, Boxhammer, Elfi, Brandhofe, Annemarie, Breckwoldt, Michael, Brekenfeld, Casper, Brehm, Alex, Brem, Christian, Breuer, Stella, Breyer, Tobias, Brodová, Petra, Broocks, Gabriel, Brosinski, Christoph, Bubel, Nele, Búřil, Jiří, Čábal, Martin, Casado, Laura, de Celis, Elena, Chabert, Emmanuel, Charisse, Daniel, Cheng, Bastian, Chovanec, Vendelín, Cidlinsky, Peter, Cisár, Juraj, Clarençon, Fréderic, Crozier, Sophie, Čurdová, Nina, Damaskinos, Michele, Damgaard, Dorte, Daniš, Martin, Dazinger, Florian, Deb-Chatterji, Milani, Delalic, Asima, Delekta, Agnieszka, Delorme, Stephen, Deutschmann, Hannes, Diamandis, Elie, Diedrichsen, Tove, Doležalová, Irena, Dorn, Franziska, du Mesnil de Rochemont, Richard, DupontHougaard, Kristina, Ebrahimi, Taraneh, Eff, Florian, Eliášová, Ilona, Enriquez, Brian, Ergawy, Mostafa, Essig, Fabian, Falkesgaard, Maiken, Fandler-Höfler, Simon, Fernández, Andrés, Ferré, Jean-Christophe, Ferrier, Anna, Fiehler, Jens, Figlewski, Krystian, Fischer, Sebastian, Fischer, Urs, Flottmann, Fabian, Forbrig, Robert, Förch, Christian, Fromm, Annette, Fuentes, Blanca, Gaedke, Ines, Galczak, Romana, Galijasevic, Malik, Ganser, Bernhard, Gattringer, Thomas, Gawlitza, Matthias, Gelhard, Sarah, Gellißen, Susanne, Gerber, Johannes, Giannakakis, Michail Panagiotis, Gindlhuber, Karin, Gizewski, Elke R., Glodny, Bernhard, Godel, Tim, Goebell, Einar, Goldemund, David, Görtler, Michael, Goyal, Mayank, Grams, Astrid E., Gruber, Joachim, Gruber, Katharina, Günthner-Lengsfeld, Thomas, Haase, Kathrin, Hacker-Ivan, Floriana, Hallerstig, Erika, Hametner, Christian, Hanning, Uta, Haring, Jozef, Haršány, Michal, Haršány, Ján, Hartmann, Christian, Hassler, Eva Maria, Hauptmann, Kristina, Haeusler, Karl Georg, Hecker, Constantin, Hellstern, Victoria, Henkes, Hans, Hernández, Victoria, Herweh, Christian, Hilgenfeld, Tim, Hill, Michael D., Hjort, Niels, HjortJensen, Nina, Hoelter, Maya, Hoffmann, Karl-Titus, Holst, Brigitte, Holtmannspoetter, Markus, Hopf-Jensen, Silke, Hoppe, Julia, Horner, Susanne, HougaardSoerensen, Leif, Hua, Vi Tuan, Hubert, Alexander, Hurtíková, Eva, Jakubíček, Stanislava, Janjic, Tanja, Jaramillo, Kirsten, Jedlitschka, Angela, Jensen, Schiela, Jensen, Märit, Jesser, Jessica, Jestaedt, Leonie, Johnson, Sabine, Jonszta, Tomáš, Kalmar, Peter, Karabegovic, Sanja, Karen, Kollo, Kastrup, Andreas, Katja, Hopp, Keeba, Natalia, Keese, Petra, Kefaloykos, Christina, Keil, Fee, Kellert, Lars, Kellinghaus, Christoph, Kestner, Roxane-Isabelle, Kiechl, Stefan, Killer-Oberpfalzer, Monika, Klepanec, Andrej, Knispel, Casjupea, Knoflach, Michael, Kohler, Sabine, Kohlhase, Konstantin, Kollikowski, Alexander Marco, Kovář, Martin, Krajina, Antonín, Kral, Michael, Krastev, Georgi, Krause, Lars Udo, Kreidenhuber, Rudolf, Křivka, Tomáš, Krkoška, Adam, Kröger, Jan Robert, Kronlage, Moritz, Krukowski, Pawel, Kühn, Julia, Kurča, Egon, Kurka, Natalia, Kuschnerow, Michael, Lachmund, Rita, Lamprecht, Susanne, Lange, Rüdiger, Lauer, Monika, de Leciñana, Alonso, Leder, Sara, Leger, Anne, Lehnen, Nils, Lehrieder, Dominik, Leißner, Maximilian, Leitinger, Markus, Leitner, Ursula, Lenck, Stéphanie, Lenzenweger, Eva, Liebig, Thomas, Lowens, Stephan, Lunzer, Manuel, Maegerlein, Christian, Magyar, Marton, Marques, Leonardo, Matyáš, David, Maurer, Gabriele, Mauritz, Matthias, Maximilian, Thormann, Mayer-Süß, Lukas, Meckel, Stephan, Medek, Oldřich, Meissner, Julius N., Mencl, Pavel, Merkle, Andrea, Mesche, Birte, Michalski, Dominik, Mikulík, Robert, Modrau, Boris, Möhlenbruch, Markus A., Mohr, Alexander, Mönninghoff, Christoph, Moser, Tobias, Mücke, Ramona, Müller-Hülsbeck, Stefan, Müller-Thies-Broussalis, Erasmia, Mutzenbach, Sebastian, Navia, Pedro, Neuberger, Ulf, Neugebauer, Hermann, Neumann, Jens, Nguyên, Anh, Niederkorn, Kurt, Nosál', Vladimír, Novobilský, Richard, Ntoulias, Nikos, Nussbaum, Lukas, Oder, Joanna, Oldag, Andreas, Ondrejkovič, Marián, Otto, Ferdinand, Otto, Dagmar, Paech, Daniel, Pagano, Paolo, Pallesen, Lars-Peder, Panský, Michal, Papanagiotou, Panagiotis, Patrick, Samp, Paukisch, Harald, Pelz, Johann, Petersen, Inga, Petersen, Martina, Petzold, Gabor C., Pfaff, Johannes, Pfeilschifter, Waltraud, Pham, Mirko, Pichler, Alexander, Pierot, Laurent, Pikija, Slaven, PlougmannPovlsen, Jan, Polkowski, Christoph, Polomac, Nenad, Portugaller, Rupert Horst, Poulsen, Marika, Preiß, Michael, Premat, Kévin, Prestsæter, Sjur, Prieto-Pérez, Rocio, Psychogios, Marios, Puetz, Volker, Purrucker, Jan, Rai, Heike, Rauch, Maximilian, Raupach, Jan, Reimann, Gernot, Reimann, Georg, Reitz, Sarah, Renc, Ondřej, Retzlaff, Jasmin, Rigual, Ricardo, Ringleb, Peter Arthur, Rivera-Bengoa, Carlota, Rodríguez, Jorge, Rohde, Stefan, Rohler, Siegfried, Rosso, Charlotte, Roth, Christian, Röttcher, Thomas, Roubec, Martin, Roztočilová, Milada, Rudnicka, Svetlana, Ruiz, Gerardo, Ryan, Stephen, Ryckborst, Karla J., Sandvik, Simen, Schäfer, Jan-Hendrik, Schaller-Paule, Martin, Schell, Maximillian, Schellinger, Peter, Schlemm, Eckhard, Schmid, Florian, Schmidt, Christoph, Schmitz, Marie Louise, Schneider, Claus, Scholtz, Jan-Erik, Schönenberger, Silvia, Schröter, Andreas, Schwarz, Daniel, Schwarz, Stephan, Schwarzenhofer, Daniel, Seifert-Held, Thomas, Seiler, Alexander, Seker, Fatih, Shotar, Eimad, Simonsen, Claus Z., Simonsen, Maria Theresa, Sivák, Jozef, Skagen, Karolina, Skjelland, Mona, Šnajdrová, Alena, Solymosi, Lazlo, Sømark, Jesper, Sonnberger, Michael, Soršák, Jakub, Sourour, Nader, Søyland, Jogrim, Spitzer, Daniel, Sporns, Peter, Städt, Michael, Steidl, Eike, Størdal, Anne Margrethe Kaalaas, Stösser, Sebastian, Strickmann, Sarah, Strýček, Ondřej, Suškevič, Igor, Sýkora, Jan, Tennøe, Bjørn, Thaler, Daniela, Theisen, Sara, Thomalla, Götz, Trendafilov, Petar, Trenkler, Johannes, Trumm, Christoph, Tsogkas, Ioannis, Tunold, Jon-Anders, Tveit, Lars, Ulfert, Christian, Vališ, Kateřina, Vaníček, Jiří, Vassilev, Christine, Vítková, Eva, Voit-Höhne, Heinz-Leonhard, Vojtíšek, Bohuslav, Volderauer, Karoline, Vollherbst, Dominik, Vollmuth, Christoph, Volna, Kamila, Volný, Ondřej, VonWeitzel-Mudersbach, Poul, Vorčák, Martin, Wagner, Marlies, Wathle, Gaute Kjellevold, Weber, Werner, Weber, Anushe, Weiss, Viktor, Weller, Johannes M., Wenger-Alakmeh, Katharina, Weyland, Cyrill, Weymayr, Friedrich, Wießpeiner, Ulrike, Willeit, Johannes, Wittwer, Aymeric, Wollenweber, Frank, Wortmann, Ginette, Wunderlich, Silke, Xiong, Yanyan, You, Se-Jong, ZachoSpeiser, Lasse, Zamani, Mahtab, Zelenak, Kamil, Zeleňáková, Jana, Zubel, Seraphine, Subtil, Fabien, Gizewski, Elke R, Hill, Michael D, Krajina, Antonin, Simonsen, Claus Z, Zeleňák, Kamil, Blauenfeldt, Rolf A, Denis, Angélique, Gerber, Johannes C, Keil, Christiane Fee, Mikkelsen, Ronni, Möhlenbruch, Markus, Münnich, Nico, Petzold, Gabor C, Schell, Maximilian, Vollherbst, Dominik F, and Wick, Wolfgang

Published
2024
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30. Large-scale in-silico analysis of CSF dynamics within the subarachnoid space of the optic nerve

Author

Diego Rossinelli, Gilles Fourestey, Hanspeter Esriel Killer, Albert Neutzner, Gianluca Iaccarino, Luca Remonda, and Jatta Berberat

Subjects
Cerebrospinal fluid, Subarachnoid space, Optic nerve, Intracranial pressure, Computational fluid dynamics, Optic nerve compartment syndrome, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract

Abstract Background Impaired cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics is involved in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system and the optic nerve (ON), including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, as well as frontotemporal dementia. The smallness and intricate architecture of the optic nerve subarachnoid space (ONSAS) hamper accurate measurements of CSF dynamics in this space, and effects of geometrical changes due to pathophysiological processes remain unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate CSF dynamics and its response to structural alterations of the ONSAS, from first principles, with supercomputers. Methods Large-scale in-silico investigations were performed by means of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. High-order direct numerical simulations (DNS) have been carried out on ONSAS geometry at a resolution of 1.625 μm/pixel. Morphological changes on the ONSAS microstructure have been examined in relation to CSF pressure gradient (CSFPG) and wall strain rate, a quantitative proxy for mass transfer of solutes. Results A physiological flow speed of 0.5 mm/s is achieved by imposing a hydrostatic pressure gradient of 0.37–0.67 Pa/mm across the ONSAS structure. At constant volumetric rate, the relationship between pressure gradient and CSF-accessible volume is well captured by an exponential curve. The ONSAS microstructure exhibits superior mass transfer compared to other geometrical shapes considered. An ONSAS featuring no microstructure displays a threefold smaller surface area, and a 17-fold decrease in mass transfer rate. Moreover, ONSAS trabeculae seem key players in mass transfer. Conclusions The present analysis suggests that a pressure drop of 0.1–0.2 mmHg over 4 cm is sufficient to steadily drive CSF through the entire subarachnoid space. Despite low hydraulic resistance, great heterogeneity in flow speeds puts certain areas of the ONSAS at risk of stagnation. Alterations of the ONSAS architecture aimed at mimicking pathological conditions highlight direct relationships between CSF volume and drainage capability. Compared to the morphological manipulations considered herein, the original ONSAS architecture seems optimized towards providing maximum mass transfer across a wide range of pressure gradients and volumetric rates, with emphasis on trabecular structures. This might shed light on pathophysiological processes leading to damage associated with insufficient CSF flow in patients with optic nerve compartment syndrome.

Published
2024
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31. Dynamics of Virological and Clinical Response Parameters of Bulevirtide Treatment for Hepatitis D: Real-World Data

Author

Alexander Killer, Smaranda Gliga, Carolin Lohr, Christian Weigel, Björn-Erik Ole Jensen, Nadine Lübke, Andreas Walker, Jörg Timm, Johannes Bode, Tom Luedde, and Hans H. Bock

Subjects
Antiviral-Treatment, Entry-Inhibitor, Delta, Treatment Kinetics, Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology, RC799-869
Abstract

Background and Aims: The entry inhibitor bulevirtide represents the first specific treatment for hepatitis-D virus (HDV)-infected patients. In clinical trials, around 80% of patients achieve normalization of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) with about 60% virological response after 1 year, but little is known about the dynamics of responses and clinical predictors of treatment outcomes. We report our single-center data from 15 patients and describe response dynamics, clinical outcomes, and predictive factors for treatment response. Methods: Retrospective data from 15 patients have been analyzed at our department who started treatment with bulevirtide between 10/2020 and 08/2022. According to our standard procedures, laboratory parameters were controlled monthly; transient elastography was performed every 3 months, and the treatment duration was 12 months. Results: Treatment response rates after 1 year of treatment were similar to published data from clinical trials. ALT normalization usually occurs between months 2–6 of treatment, followed by a virological response after ≥6 months. Patients with more severe hepatitis at the start of treatment were less likely to respond in the first year of treatment. Loss of HDV-RNA was observed in one-third of patients after ≥1 year of treatment. Low body mass index and high alpha-fetoprotein at baseline were possible predictors of a delayed treatment response. Conclusion: Bulevirtide is a safe treatment option for HDV, leading to a fast hepatological response. Of note, decrease in transaminases precedes virological response. Patients with high viral load and ALT levels respond slower, but nonresponders (as classified by Food and Drug Administration criteria) still show a reduction in viremia. Longer observation periods are required to determine the optimal duration of bulevirtide monotherapy.

Published
2024
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32. Parametrisation of target heat flux distribution and study of transport parameters for boundary modelling in W7-X

Author

Bold, David, Reimold, Felix, Niemann, Holger, Gao, Yu, Jakubowski, Marcin, Killer, Carsten, Winters, Victoria R., and team, the W7-X

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

Modelling the scrape-off layer of a stellarator is challenging due to the complex magnetic 3D geometry. The here presented study analyses simulations of the scrape-off layer (SOL) of the stellarator Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) using the EMC3-EIRENE code for the magnetic standard configuration. Comparing with experimental observations, the transport model is validated. Based on the experimentally observed strike line width, the anomalous transport coefficients, used as input to the code are determined to around $0.2\,$m$^2/$s. This is however in disagreement with upstream measurements, where such small cross-field transport leads to temperatures higher than measured experimentally.

Published
2022
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34. Reciprocating probe measurements in the test divertor operation phase of Wendelstein 7-X

Author

Killer, Carsten, Drews, Philipp, Grulke, Olaf, Knieps, Alexander, Nicolai, Dirk, Satheeswaren, Guruparan, and Team, W7-X

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

Reciprocating probes are a classic and widespread tool for the investigation of the edge and Scrape-Off Layer of magnetic fusion plasmas. In the Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) stellarator, the Multi-Purpose Manipulator serves as a multi-user platform for probe measurements of various kinds. This paper presents a review on reciprocating probe operation during the first operation phase of W7-X with a test divertor (2017-2018). It gives an overview of the diverse zoo of probe heads and presents lessons learned about probe operation in complex magnetic geometries, operation safety, and probe head design. A few examples of probe measurements with a focus on unexpected observations are presented.

Published
2021
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39. Decline in subarachnoid haemorrhage volumes associated with the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic

Author

Nguyen, Thanh N, Haussen, Diogo C, Qureshi, Muhammad M, Yamagami, Hiroshi, Fujinaka, Toshiyuki, Mansour, Ossama Y, Abdalkader, Mohamad, Frankel, Michael, Qiu, Zhongming, Taylor, Allan, Lylyk, Pedro, Eker, Omer F, Mechtouff, Laura, Piotin, Michel, Lima, Fabricio Oliveira, Mont'Alverne, Francisco, Izzath, Wazim, Sakai, Nobuyuki, Mohammaden, Mahmoud, Al-Bayati, Alhamza R, Renieri, Leonardo, Mangiafico, Salvatore, Ozretic, David, Chalumeau, Vanessa, Ahmad, Saima, Rashid, Umair, Hussain, Syed Irteza, John, Seby, Griffin, Emma, Thornton, John, Fiorot, Jose Antonio, Rivera, Rodrigo, Hammami, Nadia, Cervantes-Arslanian, Anna M, Dasenbrock, Hormuzdiyar H, Vu, Huynh Le, Nguyen, Viet Quy, Hetts, Steven, Bourcier, Romain, Guile, Romain, Walker, Melanie, Sharma, Malveeka, Frei, Don, Jabbour, Pascal, Herial, Nabeel, Al-Mufti, Fawaz, Ozdemir, Atilla Ozcan, Aykac, Ozlem, Gandhi, Dheeraj, Chugh, Chandril, Matouk, Charles, Lavoie, Pascale, Edgell, Randall, Beer-Furlan, Andre, Chen, Michael, Killer-Oberpfalzer, Monika, Pereira, Vitor Mendes, Nicholson, Patrick, Huded, Vikram, Ohara, Nobuyuki, Watanabe, Daisuke, Shin, Dong Hun, Magalhaes, Pedro SC, Kikano, Raghid, Ortega-Gutierrez, Santiago, Farooqui, Mudassir, Abou-Hamden, Amal, Amano, Tatsuo, Yamamoto, Ryoo, Weeks, Adrienne, Cora, Elena A, Sivan-Hoffmann, Rotem, Crosa, Roberto, Möhlenbruch, Markus, Nagel, Simon, Al-Jehani, Hosam, Sheth, Sunil A, Lopez Rivera, Victor S, Siegler, James E, Sani, Achmad Fidaus, Puri, Ajit S, Kuhn, Anna Luisa, Bernava, Gianmarco, Machi, Paolo, Abud, Daniel G, Pontes-Neto, Octavio M, Wakhloo, Ajay K, Voetsch, Barbara, Raz, Eytan, Yaghi, Shadi, Mehta, Brijesh P, Kimura, Naoto, Murakami, Mamoru, Lee, Jin Soo, Hong, Ji Man, Fahed, Robert, Walker, Gregory, Hagashi, Eiji, Cordina, Steve M, and Roh, Hong Gee

Subjects
Brain Disorders, Stroke, Clinical Research, Neurosciences, COVID-19, Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, Intracranial Aneurysm, Pandemics, Prospective Studies, Retrospective Studies, SARS-CoV-2, Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, Treatment Outcome, aneurysm, coil, haemorrhage, infection, subarachnoid, SVIN COVID-19 Registry, the Middle East North Africa Stroke and Interventional Neurotherapies Organization, Japanese Society of Vascular and Interventional Neurology Society
Abstract

BackgroundDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, decreased volumes of stroke admissions and mechanical thrombectomy were reported. The study's objective was to examine whether subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) hospitalisations and ruptured aneurysm coiling interventions demonstrated similar declines.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional, retrospective, observational study across 6 continents, 37 countries and 140 comprehensive stroke centres. Patients with the diagnosis of SAH, aneurysmal SAH, ruptured aneurysm coiling interventions and COVID-19 were identified by prospective aneurysm databases or by International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, codes. The 3-month cumulative volume, monthly volumes for SAH hospitalisations and ruptured aneurysm coiling procedures were compared for the period before (1 year and immediately before) and during the pandemic, defined as 1 March-31 May 2020. The prior 1-year control period (1 March-31 May 2019) was obtained to account for seasonal variation.FindingsThere was a significant decline in SAH hospitalisations, with 2044 admissions in the 3 months immediately before and 1585 admissions during the pandemic, representing a relative decline of 22.5% (95% CI -24.3% to -20.7%, p

Published
2021

40. Predictors of In-Hospital Mortality after Thrombectomy in Anterior Circulation Large Vessel Occlusion: A Retrospective, Machine Learning Study

Author

Ivan Petrović, Serena Broggi, Monika Killer-Oberpfalzer, Johannes A. R. Pfaff, Christoph J. Griessenauer, Isidora Milosavljević, Ana Balenović, Johannes S. Mutzenbach, and Slaven Pikija

Subjects
ischemic stroke, machine learning, mechanical thrombectomy, in-hospital mortality, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Background: Despite the increased use of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in recent years, there remains a lack of research on in-hospital mortality rates following the procedure, the primary factors influencing these rates, and the potential for predicting them. This study aimed to utilize interpretable machine learning (ML) to help clarify these uncertainties. Methods: This retrospective study involved patients with anterior circulation large vessel occlusion (LVO)-related ischemic stroke who underwent MT. The patient division was made into two groups: (I) the in-hospital death group, referred to as miserable outcome, and (II) the in-hospital survival group, or favorable outcome. Python 3.10.9 was utilized to develop the machine learning models, which consisted of two types based on input features: (I) the Pre-MT model, incorporating baseline features, and (II) the Post-MT model, which included both baseline and MT-related features. After a feature selection process, the models were trained, internally evaluated, and tested, after which interpretation frameworks were employed to clarify the decision-making processes. Results: This study included 602 patients with a median age of 76 years (interquartile range (IQR) 65–83), out of which 54% (n = 328) were female, and 22% (n = 133) had miserable outcomes. Selected baseline features were age, baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) value, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), international normalized ratio (INR), the type of the affected vessel (‘Vessel type’), peripheral arterial disease (PAD), baseline glycemia, and premorbid modified Rankin scale (pre-mRS). The highest odds ratio of 4.504 was observed with the presence of peripheral arterial disease (95% confidence interval (CI), 2.120–9.569). The Pre-MT model achieved an area under the curve (AUC) value of around 79% utilizing these features, and the interpretable framework discovered the baseline NIHSS value as the most influential factor. In the second data set, selected features were the same, excluding pre-mRS and including puncture-to-procedure-end time (PET) and onset-to-puncture time (OPT). The AUC value of the Post-MT model was around 84% with age being the highest-ranked feature. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the moderate to strong effectiveness of interpretable machine learning models in predicting in-hospital mortality following mechanical thrombectomy for ischemic stroke, with AUCs of 0.792 for the Pre-MT model and 0.837 for the Post-MT model. Key predictors included patient age, baseline NIHSS, NLR, INR, occluded vessel type, PAD, baseline glycemia, pre-mRS, PET, and OPT. These findings provide valuable insights into risk factors and could improve post-procedural patient management.

Published
2024
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43. Effect of concomitant usage of alteplase and mechanical thrombectomy for M1 middle cerebral artery occlusion on clinical outcome: a retrospective analysis of 457 patients from two centers

Author

Slaven Pikija, Monika Killer-Oberpfalzer, Johannes A. R. Pfaff, Christoph J. Griessenauer, Michael Sonnberger, Milan Vosko, Johannes S. Mutzenbach, Daniel Schwarzenhofer, and Constantin Hecker

Subjects
stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, alteplase (rt-PA), mechanical thrombectomy (MT), modified Rankin scale (mRS), Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract

IntroductionEndovascular thrombectomy (EVT) and concomitant usage of intravenous alteplase (alteplase) in large vessel occlusion stroke may produce unwanted excess intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Whether this applies specifically to isolated occlusion of the M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) is unknown.MethodsA retrospective study from two tertiary thrombectomy centers. ICH was determined according to Heidelberg Bleeding Classification (HBC). Factors associated with the occurrence of ICH in EVT alone vs. EVT with alteplase were evaluated using logistic regression analysis. Factors related to the clinical outcome as determined with a modified Rankin scale (mRS) were investigated with univariate and adjusted multivariate logistic regression analysis. The interaction between clinical variables and the usage of alteplase on the occurrence of ICH was evaluated.ResultsAny ICH occurred in 156/457 (34.1%) patients Class 1a bleeding in 37 (8.1%), type 2 in 45 (9.8%) Class 1c in 22 (4.8%), Class 2 in 25 (5.5%), and Class 3 (extraparenchymal) in 27 (5.9%). ICH occurred in similar frequency between alteplase-treated patients vs. EVT alone (85/262 [32%] vs. 71/195 [36%]; OR 1.19 (95% CI 0.81–1.76). After adjustment, odds for clinical outcome were lower in ICH patients (OR 0.44 [95% CI 0.25–0.74]), p = 0.002). Higher ICH rate was associated with more EVT steps (p for interaction −0.005), and usage of only stent-retriever (p for interaction =0.005).ConclusionUtilization of alteplase alongside EVT for MCA M1 occlusion did not result in excessive ICH occurrences or clinical deterioration.

Published
2024
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44. Proverum: A Hybrid Public Verifiability and Decentralized Identity Management

Author

Killer, Christian, Thorbecke, Lucas, Rodrigues, Bruno, Scheid, Eder, Franco, Muriel, and Stiller, Burkhard

Subjects
Computer Science - Cryptography and Security, Computer Science - Networking and Internet Architecture
Abstract

Trust in electoral processes is fundamental for democracies. Further, the identity management of citizen data is crucial, because final tallies cannot be guaranteed without the assurance that every final vote was cast by an eligible voter. In order to establish a basis for a hybrid public verifiability of voting, this work (1) introduces Proverum, an approach combining a private environment based on private permissioned Distributed Ledgers with a public environment based on public Blockchains, (2) describes the application of the Proverum architecture to the Swiss Remote Postal Voting system, mitigating threats present in the current system, and (3) addresses successfully the decentralized identity management in a federalistic state.

Published
2020

45. WeTrace -- A Privacy-preserving Mobile COVID-19 Tracing Approach and Application

Author

De Carli, A., Franco, M., Gassmann, A., Killer, C., Rodrigues, B., Scheid, E., Schoenbaechler, D., and Stiller, B.

Subjects
Computer Science - Cryptography and Security
Abstract

For the protection of people and society against harm and health threats -- especially for the COVID-19 pandemic -- a variety of different disciplines needs to be involved. The data collection of very basic and health-related data of individuals in today's highly mobile society does help to plan, protect, and identify next steps health authorities and governments can, shall, or need to plan for or even implement. Thus, every individual, every human, and every inhabitant of the world is the key player -- very different to many past crises'. And since the individual is involved -- all individuals -- his/her (a) health and (b) privacy shall be considered in a very carefully crafted balance, not overruling one aspect with another one or even prioritizing certain aspects. Privacy remains the key. Thus, the solution of the current pandemic's data collection can be based on a fully privacy-preserving application, which can be used by individuals on their mobile devices, such as smartphones, while maintaining at the same time their privacy. Additionally, respective data collected in such a fully distributed setting does help to confine the pandemic and can be achieved in a democratic and very open, but still and especially privacy-protecting world. Therefore, the WeTrace approach and application as described in this paper utilizes the Bluetooth Low Energy (BTE) communication channel, many modern mobile devices offer, where asymmetric cryptography is being applied to allows for the decyphering of a message for that destination it had been intended for. Since literally every other potential participant only listens to random data, even a brute force attack will not succeed. WeTrace and its Open Source implementation is the only known approach so far, which ensures that any receiver of a message knows that this is for him/her, but does not know who the original sender was.

Published
2020

46. Endovascular thrombectomy for acute ischaemic stroke with established large infarct: multicentre, open-label, randomised trial

Author

Aamodt, Anne Hege, Adamczewski, Olaf, Alektoror, Kirill, Alexander, März, Alexandrou, Maria, Alias, Quentin, Al-Kuzae, Fadha Elawi, Allard, Julien, Al-Schameri, Rahman, Álvarez, Alberto, Andersen, Grethe, AnkerlundBlaufeldt, Rolf, Antje, Riedel, Appelbohm, Hannes, Argren, Maria, Assmann, Anne, Augustin, Michael, Bach, Elke, Bar, Michal, Barleben, Maria, Baronnet, Flore, Barrios, Andrés, Bavúzová, Xénia, BayThomsen, Rikke, Becker, Sandra, Beer, Sylvia, Behme, Daniel, Bellut, Maximilian, Bendszus, Martin, Berkefeld, Joachim, Bester, Maximillian, Bode, Felix J., Boehme, Christian, Boese, Ramona, Bohmann, Ferdinand, Bonekamp, Susanne, Borggrefe, Jan, Boss, Erendira Gabriela, Boutchakova, Maria, Boxhammer, Elfi, Brandhofe, Annemarie, Breckwoldt, Michael, Brekenfeld, Casper, Brehm, Alex, Brem, Christian, Breuer, Stella, Breyer, Tobias, Brodová, Petra, Broocks, Gabriel, Brosinski, Christoph, Bubel, Nele, Búřil, Jiří, Čábal, Martin, Casado, Laura, Celis, Elena de, Chabert, Emmanuel, Charisse, Daniel, Cheng, Bastian, Chovanec, Vendelín, Cidlinsky, Peter, Cisár, Juraj, Clarençon, Fréderic, Crozier, Sophie, Čurdová, Nina, Damaskinos, Michele, Damgaard, Dorte, Daniš, Martin, Dazinger, Florian, Deb-Chatterji, Milani, Delalic, Asima, Delekta, Agnieszka, Delorme, Stephen, Deutschmann, Hannes, Diamandis, Elie, Diedrichsen, Tove, Doležalová, Irena, Dorn, Franziska, du Mesnil de Rochemont, Richard, DupontHougaard, Kristina, Ebrahimi, Taraneh, Eff, Florian, Eliášová, Ilona, Enriquez, Brian, Ergawy, Mostafa, Essig, Fabian, Falkesgaard, Maiken, Fandler-Höfler, Simon, Fernández, Andrés, Ferré, Jean-Christophe, Ferrier, Anna, Fiehler, Jens, Figlewski, Krystian, Fischer, Sebastian, Fischer, Urs, Flottmann, Fabian, Forbig, Robert, Förch, Christian, Fromm, Annette, Fuentes, Blanca, Gaedke, Ines, Galczak, Romana, Galijasevic, Malik, Ganser, Bernhard, Gattringer, Thomas, Gawlitza, Matthias, Gelhard, Sarah, Gellißen, Susanne, Gerber, Johannes, Giannakakis, Michail Panagiotis, Gindlhuber, Karin, Gizewski, Elke R., Glodny, Bernhard, Godel, Tim, Goebell, Einar, Goldemund, David, Görtler, Michael, Goyal, Mayank, Grams, Astrid E., Gruber, Joachim, Gruber, Katharina, Günthner-Lengsfeld, Thomas, Haase, Kathrin, Hacker-Ivan, Floriana, Hallerstig, Erika, Hanning, Uta, Haring, Jozef, Haršány, Michal, Haršány, Ján, Hartmann, Christian, Hassler, Eva Maria, Hauptmann, Kristina, Häusler, Karl Georg, Hecker, Constantin, Hellstern, Victoria, Henkes, Hans, Hernández, Victoria, Herweh, Christian, Hilgenfeld, Tim, Hill, Michael D., Hjort, Niels, HjortJensen, Nina, Hoelter, Maya, Hoffmann, Karl-Titus, Holst, Brigitte, Holtmannspoetter, Markus, Hopf-Jensen, Silke, Hoppe, Julia, Horner, Susanne, HougaardSoerensen, Leif, Hua, Vi Tuan, Hubert, Alexander, Hurtíková, Eva, Jakubíček, Stanislava, Janjic, Tanja, Jaramillo, Kirsten, Jedlitschka, Angela, Jensen, Schiela, Jensen, Märit, Jesser, Jessica, Jestaedt, Leonie, Johnson, Sabine, Jonszta, Tomáš, Kalmar, Peter, Karabegovic, Sanja, Karen, Kollo, Kastrup, Andreas, Katja, Hopp, Keeba, Natalia, Keese, Petra, Kefalaykos, Christina, Keil, Fee, Kellert, Lars, Kellinghaus, Christoph, Kestner, Roxane-Isabelle, Kiechl, Stefan, Killer-Oberpfalzer, Monika, Klepanec, Andrej, Knispel, Casjupea, Knoflach, Michael, Kohler, Sabine, Kohlhase, Konstantin, Kollikowski, Alexander Marco, Kovář, Martin, Krajina, Antonín, Kral, Michael, Krastev, Georgi, Krause, Lars Udo, Kreidenhuber, Rudolf, Křivka, Tomáš, Krkoška, Adam, Kröger, Jan Robert, Kronlage, Moritz, Krukowski, Pawel, Kühn, Julia, Kurča, Egon, Kurka, Natalia, Kuschnerow, Michael, Lachmund, Rita, Lamprecht, Susanne, Lange, Rüdiger, Lauer, Monika, Leciñana, Alonso de, Leder, Sara, Leger, Anne, Lehnen, Nils, Lehrieder, Dominik, Leißner, Maximilian, Leitinger, Markus, Leitner, Ursula, Lenck, Stéphanie, Lenzenweger, Eva, Liebig, Thomas, Lowens, Stephan, Lunzer, Manuel, Maegerlein, Christian, Magyar, Marton, Marques, Leonardo, Matyáš, David, Maurer, Gabriele, Mauritz, Matthias, Maximilian, Thormann, Mayer-Süß, Lukas, Meckel, Stephan, Medek, Oldřich, Meissner, Julius N., Mencl, Pavel, Merkle, Andrea, Mesche, Birte, Michalski, Dominik, Mikulík, Robert, Modrau, Boris, Möhlenbruch, Markus A., Mohr, Alexander, Mönninghoff, Christoph, Moser, Tobias, Mücke, Ramona, Müller-Hülsbeck, Stefan, Müller-Thies-Broussalis, Erasmia, Mutzenbach, Sebastian, Navia, Pedro, Neuberger, Ulf, Neugebauer, Hermann, Neumann, Jens, Nguyên, Anh, Niederkorn, Kurt, Nosál', Vladimír, Novobilský, Richard, Ntoulias, Nikos, Nussbaum, Lukas, Oder, Joanna, Oldag, Andreas, Ondrejkovič, Marián, Otto, Ferdinand, Otto, Dagmar, Paech, Daniel, Pagano, Paolo, Pallesen, Lars-Peder, Panský, Michal, Papanagiotou, Panagiotis, Patrick, Samp, Paukisch, Harald, Pelz, Johann, Petersen, Inga, Petersen, Martina, Petzold, Gabor C., Pfaff, Johannes, Pfeilschifter, Waltraud, Pham, Mirko, Pichler, Alexander, Pierot, Laurent, Pikija, Slaven, PlougmannPovlsen, Jan, Polkowski, Christoph, Polomac, Nenad, Portugaller, Rupert Horst, Poulsen, Marika, Preiß, Michael, Premat, Kévin, Prestsæter, Sjur, Prieto-Pérez, Rocio, Psychogios, Marios, Puetz, Volker, Purrucker, Jan, Rai, Heike, Rauch, Maximilian, Raupach, Jan, Reimann, Gernot, Reimann, Georg, Reitz, Sarah, Renc, Ondřej, Retzlaff, Jasmin, Rigual, Ricardo, Ringleb, Peter Arthur, Rivera-Bengoa, Carlota, Rodríguez, Jorge, Rohde, Stefan, Rohler, Siegfried, Rosso, Charlotte, Roth, Christian, Röttcher, Thomas, Roubec, Martin, Roztočilová, Milada, Rudnicka, Svetlana, Ruiz, Gerardo, Ryan, Stephen, Ryckborst, Karla J., Sandvik, Simen, Schäfer, Jan-Hendrik, Schaller-Paule, Martin, Schell, Maximillian, Schellinger, Peter, Schlemm, Eckhard, Schmid, Florian, Schmidt, Christoph, Schmitz, Marie Louise, Schneider, Claus, Scholtz, Jan-Erik, Schönenberger, Silvia, Schröter, Andreas, Schwarz, Daniel, Schwarz, Stephan, Schwarzenhofer, Daniel, Seifert-Held, Thomas, Seiler, Alexander, Seker, Fatih, Shotar, Eimad, Simonsen, Claus Z., Simonsen, Maria Theresa, Sivák, Jozef, Skagen, Karolina, Skjelland, Mona, Šnajdrová, Alena, Solymosi, Lazlo, Sømark, Jesper, Sonnberger, Michael, Soršák, Jakub, Sourour, Nader, Søyland, Jogrim, Spitzer, Daniel, Sporns, Peter, Städt, Michael, Steidl, Eike, Størdal, Anne Margrethe Kaalaas, Stösser, Sebastian, Strickmann, Sarah, Strýček, Ondřej, Suškevič, Igor, Sýkora, Jan, Tennøe, Bjørn, Thaler, Daniela, Theisen, Sara, Thomalla, Götz, Trendafilov, Petar, Trenkler, Johannes, Trumm, Christoph, Tsogkas, Ioannis, Tunold, Jon-Anders, Tveit, Lars, Ulfert, Christian, Vališ, Kateřina, Vaníček, Jiří, Vassilev, Christine, Vítková, Eva, Voit-Höhne, Heinz-Leonhard, Vojtíšek, Bohuslav, Volderauer, Karoline, Vollherbst, Dominik, Vollmuth, Christoph, Volna, Kamila, Volný, Ondřej, VonWeitzel-Mudersbach, Poul, Vorčák, Martin, Wagner, Marlies, Wathle, Gaute Kjellevold, Weber, Werner, Weber, Anushe, Weiss, Viktor, Weller, Johannes M., Wenger-Alakmeh, Katharina, Weyland, Cyrill, Weymayr, Friedrich, Wießpeiner, Ulrike, Willeit, Johannes, Wittwer, Aymeric, Wollenweber, Frank, Wortmann, Ginette, Wunderlich, Silke, Xiong, Yanyan, You, Se-Jong, ZachoSpeiser, Lasse, Zelenak, Kamil, Zeleňáková, Jana, Zubel, Seraphine, Subtil, Fabien, Gizewski, Elke R, Hill, Michael D, Krajina, Antonin, Simonsen, Claus Z, Zeleňák, Kamil, Blauenfeldt, Rolf A, Denis, Angélique, Gerber, Johannes C, Keil, Christiane Fee, Mikkelsen, Ronni, Möhlenbruch, Markus, Münnich, Nico, Petzold, Gabor C, Schell, Maximilian, Vollherbst, Dominik F, and Wick, Wolfgang

Published
2023
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48. Validating the ASCOT modelling of NBI fast ions in Wendelstein 7-X stellarator

Author

Äkäslompolo, S., Drewelow, P., Gao, Y., Ali, A., Biedermann, C., Bozhenkov, S., Dhard, C. P., Endler, M., Fellinger, J., Ford, O. P., Geiger, B., Geiger, J., Harderd, N. den, Hartmann, D., Hathiramani, D., Isobe, M., Jakubowski, M., Kazakov, Y., Killer, C., Lazerson, S., Mayerd, M., McNeely, P., Naujoks, D., Neelis, T. W. C., Kontula, J., Kurki-Suonio, T., Niemann, H., Ogawa, K., Pisano, F., Poloskei, P. Zs., Sitjes, A. Puig, Rahbarnia, K., Rust, N., Schmitt, J. C., Sleczka, M., Vano, L., van Vuuren, A., Wurden, G., Wolf, R. C., and Team, the W7-X

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics, Physics - Computational Physics
Abstract

The first fast ion experiments in Wendelstein 7-X were performed in 2018. They are one of the first steps in demonstrating the optimised fast ion confinement of the stellarator. The fast ions were produced with a neutral beam injection (NBI) system and detected with infrared cameras (IR), a fast ion loss detector (FILD), fast ion charge exchange spectroscopy (FIDA), and post-mortem analysis of plasma facing components. The fast ion distribution function in the plasma and at the wall is being modelled with the ASCOT suite of codes. They calculate the ionisation of the injected neutrals and the consecutive slowing down process of the fast ions. The primary output of the code is the multidimensional fast ion distribution function within the plasma and the distribution of particle hit locations and velocities on the wall. Synthetic measurements based on ASCOT output are compared to experimental results to assess the validity of the modelling. This contribution presents an overview of the various fast ion measurements in 2018 and the current modelling status. The validation and data-analysis is on-going, but the wall load IR modelling already yield results that match with the experiments., Comment: Presented in the 3rd European Conference on Plasma Diagnostics; 6th to 9th of May 2019; Lisbon, Portugal

Published
2019
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