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The purpose of this study was to assess the awareness and knowledge of professional team sport athletes about ACL injuries, injury prevention programs, and the return to sports after ACL injuries. A total of 419 athletes representing soccer, basketball, volleyball and handball sports were included in the study. We utilized a 15-item self-report survey to assess the awareness of athletes about ACL injury, ACL injury prevention program, and return to sport after ACL injuries. Male and soccer players participated in prevention programs more than female athletes (p = 0.001). Participation in prevention programs was significantly higher in the ≥ 18 years old group than in the < 18 years old group (p = 0.040). Participants who were informed about ACL injuries were 8.4 times more likely to participate in the ACL injuries prevention program than others (OR: 8.38, 95% CI: 3.823–18.376, p < 0.001). The majority of participants believed that return to sport after ACL injury takes 6 months and 81.4% of them thought that it is not possible to do sport without an ACL. This study revealed that the awareness and performance of ACL prevention training programs among professional team sport athletes were insufficient. The athletes' knowledge regarding return to sports after ACL injuries was also inadequate. Improving athletes' knowledge of ACL injuries may lead to increased participation in ACL injury prevention programs. Thus, the provision of tailored educational interventions to athletes could potentially enhance their awareness and understanding of ACL injuries, consequently contributing towards the prevention of such injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to compare the effects of the traditional short- and long-term traction methods on the union and angulation of femoral fractures in pre-school children. Thirty-six patients aged 0-6 years, with diaphyseal femur fractures, who had undergone a conservative treatment, were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups according to their traction times before the application of the hip spica cast: 0-10 days of traction (Group A) and 11-21 days of traction (Group B). After the completion of the union and the removal of the casts, bone scans were performed and the angulations in the coronal and sagittal planes were comparatively evaluated, as well as the lengths of the lower extremities. The mean age of the patients was 4.2 ± 1.94 years. Hip spica casts were applied to 17 patients after short-term traction and 19 patients after long-term traction. The mean length of hospital stays of the patients who were applied the hip spica casts after short-term and long-term tractions were 8.4 and 19.3 days, respectively. A statistically significant difference was observed between groups A and B regarding hospital stay (p < 0.001). After the removal of the casts, the angulation values of groups A and B were 13.5 ± 5.28° and 13.69 ± 8.84° in the coronal plane and 14.75 ± 6.66° and 14.46 ± 10.95° in the sagittal plane, respectively. The shortness value of the groups was 1.67 ± 0.75 and 1.56 ± 0.95 cm, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between both groups in terms of angulation and shortness (p > 0.05). Hip spica casting after short-term traction can be used as a safe alternative method in the treatment of diaphyseal femur fractures in preschool children due to its adequate stability and shorter length of hospital stay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective  To compare the serum levels of vitamin D and minerals in children with or without isolated distal radius fractures. Methods  The present prospective clinical study included 50 children (aged between 5 and 15 years) with isolated distal radius fractures who were admitted to our emergency unit between February and May 2018 as the study group (group A), and 50 healthy children with no history of fracture as the control group (group B). Peripheral venous blood samples were obtained and analyzed for measurements of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and parathyroid hormone (PTH) in both groups. Patient characteristics and peripheral venous blood samples were compared between the groups. Results  The mean age, height, weight, body mass index (BMI) and gender distribution were similar in both groups. There were no statistical differences in the blood analyses, including Ca, Mg, P, ALP, and PTH. However, the serum levels of 25(OH)D were statistically lower in group A when compared to group B ( p  < 0.001), and the number of patients with 25(OH)D insufficiency was statistically higher in group A than in group B (p = 0.012). Conclusion  Children with isolated distal radius fracture should be informed about vitamin D deficiency, and, in children with low levels of vitamin D, supplementation may be considered., Competing Interests: Conflito de Interesses Os autores declaram não haver conflito de interesses., (Sociedade Brasileira de Ortopedia e Traumatologia. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commecial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ).)

Aim: To assess the craniocervical junction (CCJ) by using radiological measurements in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and Scheuermann?s kyphosis (SK), and to compare those reults with healthy adolescent population., Material and Methods: Patients were assigned to three groups. Group 1 consisted of AIS patients, Group 2 consisted of patients with SK, and Group 3 was the control group who did not have any spinal disorder. The groups were matched based on age and gender. Major Cobb angle and kyphosis angle were measured on X-Ray. asion-axial interval (BAI), basion-dens interval (BDI), posterior atlantodental interval (PADI), anterior atlantodental interval (ADI), atlanto-occipital interval (AOI), and Power?s ratio were measured by computerized tomography. The results were compared in each group statistically., Results: A total of 120 participants, comprised of 78 (65%) female and 42 (35%) male were included in the study. There was no statistically difference between 3 groups based on age and gender (p > 0.05). According to the measurements, Group 3 had significantly higher PADI measurements than Group 1 (p=0.01). The ADI measurements of Group 2 were significantly higher than those of Group 1 and Group 3 (p=0.01). Group 3 had significantly higher BDI measurements than Group 1 and Group 2. (p=0.01). The Power ratios of Group 1 and Group 3 were statistically higher than that of Group 2 (p=0.01). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of AOI and BAI measurements (p=0.84, p=0.18, respectively)., Conclusion: The presence of AIS and SK may affect the measurement of CCJ, and it may be considered to evaluate instability of the region.

Aim: To evaluate the changes in the pressure values of the ulnar nerve after in-situ decompression and anterior subcutaneous transposition of the ulnar nerve., Material and Methods: The ulnar nerve was released in the postcondylar groove. An ultrathin (100 lm) force transducer was embedded between the posterior of the ulnar nerve and the anterior of the medial epicondyle. The elbow joint was flexed from full extension position to maximum flexion and was measured to obtain the maximum stress at 0°, 45°, 90°, and 135° of flexion. Then, the ulnar nerve was transposed anterior subcutaneously. The same measurement was applied to the two procedures. Data were compared between the two surgical techniques., Results: Our study was performed on the right upper extremities of eight (seven men and one woman) fresh frozen cadavers. The mean age of the cadavers was 67.25 ± 12.2 years. Mean values of 0°, 45°, 90°, and 135° of flexion after the ulnar nerve insitu decompression were 0.41, 0.9, 1.7, and 4.3 N, respectively. Mean values of 0°, 45°, 90°, and 135° of flexion after anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve were 0.3, 0.73, 1.63, and 2.15 N, respectively. No significant difference was noted between the two groups in terms of 0°, 45°, and 90° of flexion values. However, there was a significant difference between the two groups in the 135° of flexion measurement values., Conclusion: Anterior transposition is a more appropriate technique than in-situ decompression in the treatment of cubital tunnel syndrome that does not respond to conservative treatment regardless of the severity of the symptom.

Moebius Syndrome (MS) is characterized by congenital paralysis of the 6th and 7th cranial nerves, sometimes combined with deficits in cranial nerves and with limb anomalies. We reported that identifying common upper extremity orthopedic manifestations of this syndrome would asist physicians who care for affected patients to promtly establish a dignosis and treatment plan. Our internal medical record system was queried and a keyword search for "Möbius/Moebius Syndrome" was conducted. The clinical data collected for each patient consisted of age at diagnosis, date of first and date of final follow-up, treatment type, treatment duration, and complications from treatment. Clinical data collected for hand and upper limb deformities included effected side, diagnosis, surgical procedures, and any post-op complications. All data was collected from radiographic images including X-ray, ultrasound, CT, and MRI imaging, and clinical, physical therapy, orthotics, and operative notes. As regards older reports, it is realized that abnormalities in upper extremity in MS is associated with PS. We wish that this descriptive study will be helpful for those physicians who encounter this rare disease, in terms of identifying and providing timely treatment for associated upper extremity abnormalities and for assisting in counseling patients.