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6. Methods for Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment

Author

Smith, Joel, Iglesias, Ana, Leatherman, Stephen, Strzepek, Kenneth, Smith, Thomas, Baker, Barry, Balbus, John, Malcolm, Jay, Hlohowskyj, Ihor, Rosenzweig, Cynthia, Jones, Jim, Kiker, Greg, Ritchie, Joe J., Hartig, Ellen, Smith, Joel B., editor, Huq, Saleemul, editor, Lenhart, Stephanie, editor, Mata, Luis Jose, editor, Nemešová, Ivana, editor, and Toure, Sekou, editor

Published
1996
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7. SNAPS: Sensor aNAlytics Point Solutions for detection and decision support systems

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Auto-ID Laboratory, McLamore, Eric S., Datta, Shoumen Pa, Morgan, Victoria, Cavallaro, Nicholas, Kiker, Greg, Jenkins, Daniel M., Rong, Yue, Gomes, Carmen, Claussen, Jonathan, Vanegas, Diana, Alocilja, Evangelyn C., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Auto-ID Laboratory, McLamore, Eric S., Datta, Shoumen Pa, Morgan, Victoria, Cavallaro, Nicholas, Kiker, Greg, Jenkins, Daniel M., Rong, Yue, Gomes, Carmen, Claussen, Jonathan, Vanegas, Diana, and Alocilja, Evangelyn C.

Abstract

In this review, we discuss the role of sensor analytics point solutions (SNAPS), a reduced complexity machine-assisted decision support tool. We summarize the approaches used for mobile phone-based chemical/biological sensors, including general hardware and software requirements for signal transduction and acquisition. We introduce SNAPS, part of a platform approach to converge sensor data and analytics. The platform is designed to consist of a portfolio of modular tools which may lend itself to dynamic composability by enabling context-specific selection of relevant units, resulting in case-based working modules. SNAPS is an element of this platform where data analytics, statistical characterization and algorithms may be delivered to the data either via embedded systems in devices, or sourced, in near real-time, from mist, fog or cloud computing resources. Convergence of the physical systems with the cyber components paves the path for SNAPS to progress to higher levels of artificial reasoning tools (ART) and emerge as data-informed decision support, as a service for general societal needs. Proof of concept examples of SNAPS are demonstrated both for quantitative data and qualitative data, each operated using a mobile device (smartphone or tablet) for data acquisition and analytics. We discuss the challenges and opportunities for SNAPS, centered around the value to users/stakeholders and the key performance indicators users may find helpful, for these types of machine-assisted tools. Keywords: sensor; smart systems; data analytics; cyber-physical systems; artificial reasoning tools; ART; drag and drop analytics; DADA; sensor-analytics point solutions; SNAPS; sense-analyze-respond-actuate; SARA; machine-assisted tools; MAT; machine-assisted platform; MAP; knowledge graphs; trans-disciplinary convergence, Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grant (grant no. 2018-67016-27578), NSF (project no. 1805512), NSF (project no. 1511953)

Published
2020

11. Decision Support System for Soybean Rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) Management using QnD

Author

Kiker, Greg and Ranjan, Ram

Subjects
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
Abstract

The objective of this project is to design a decision support system for soybean rust management using gaming software that incorporates farmer's decision making in the face of risks from soybean rust. Learning from past actions and neighbor's actions are also incorporated. Farmers observe rust outbreak in the current and past periods and decide over how much of land to allocate between soybean, corn and other crops. This decision is influenced by maximization of expected profits criterion which entails crop rotation choices that are based upon perceived risks, yield drags and input costs from altering optimum rotation patterns. Adoption of new technology in terms of selecting better rust management practices is also analyzed in an adaptive management framework. The software meets the need of guiding policy formulation besides training stakeholders in making economically sound choices in the absence of empirical data over pest infestation.

Published
2006

12. Brief summary of a North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) advanced research workshop on global climate change and local adaptation

Author

Linkov, Igor, primary, Bridges, Todd S, additional, Hady, Ahmed, additional, Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg, additional, Kiker, Greg, additional, Lambert, James, additional, MacBride, Marvin, additional, Palma‐Oliveira, José Manuel, additional, Ranger, Nicola, additional, Russo, Edmond, additional, and Troccoli, Alberto, additional

Published
2010
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14. Challenges and Advances in Development of Active Components to Modify Headspace Gases in Packaging of Fresh Produce and Muscle Foods.

Author

Boz, Ziynet, Welt, Bruce A., Brecht, Jeffrey K., Pelletier, William, McLamore, Eric, Kiker, Greg, and Butler, Jason E.

Subjects
*CONTROLLED atmosphere packaging, *FOOD preservation, *CARBON dioxide analysis, *CHEMICAL scavengers, *FOOD quality
Abstract

Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) has been widely used as an effective way to preserve foods. Fresh produce, meat and meat products, seafood, and dairy products can benefit from modified gaseous atmospheres, which are usually achieved by reducing oxygen and increasing carbon dioxide concentrations, within limits, defined by product tolerances. MAP of fresh produce is particularly challenging because products are living and respiring. Respiration rates depend on several factors including temperature, oxygen, and carbon dioxide concentrations. Balancing package permeation with respiration is challenging, often due to limited selection of practical packaging materials. Failing to remain within tolerance limits of products leads to rapid quality loss. Gas barrier properties of packages determined rate of gas exchange with the external environment and is a critical factor for achieving tolerable levels. Availability of packaging materials that meet requirement of specific produce is essential. Relative permeability of common films to carbon dioxide is about 3 to 6 times of that to oxygen, often leading to package collapse for package atmospheres that benefit from carbon dioxide. Films often fail to provide desired oxygen transmission rates, high carbon dioxide to oxygen selectivity and desired mechanical properties simultaneously. Despite advances, minimal availability and high cost of selective barrier films limit applications of MAP for fresh produce packaging. Therefore, active packaging components and films are being developed and designed to overcome these limitations. Inserts or films that contain active mixtures as gas emitters and/or scavengers are now commercially available. "Clean label" trends are motivating alternative approaches using active packaging components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018

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