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This research aimed to determine the prevalence rate of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from raw cow milk samples in Albania and Serbia. A total of 100 raw milk samples, 50 from Albania and 50 from Serbia, have been collected from randomly selected cattle farms. Twelve samples (12%) were positive for S. aureus, five of those originating from Albania (41.66%) and seven from Serbia (58.33%). Resistance of isolated S. aureus strains to ampicillin in milk samples from Albania (36.7%) and Serbia (34.1%) was the most common. Some of S. aureus strains from milk samples from Albania were resistant to tetracycline (16.9%), while isolates from milk samples from Serbia were more resistant towards oxacillin (18%). The recorded resistance towards erythromycin (13.2%; 13.1%), and sulfatrim (7.6%; 6.9%) was similar between both milk samples, respectively. The obtained results have shown higher resistance of S. aureus strains towards cephalothin in milk samples from Serbia (3.9%) compared to milk samples from Albania (1.6%), respectively. All isolates tested for antibiotic sensitivity were susceptible to methicillin, vancomycin, chloramphenicol, and ciprofloxacin. The obtained results regarding the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of antibiotics indicated that isolates were resistant to tetracycline, oxacillin, erythromycin, and ampicillin, respectively. Results of our investigation have shown that the found antibiotics residues are related to the usage of erythromycin (72.6% and 73.9%), followed by ampicillin (70.4% and 71.2%) while residues of ciprofloxacin in the analysed milk samples was not registered., Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi stopu prevalencije antimikrobne rezistencije (AMR) Staphylococcus aureus izoliranog iz uzoraka sirovog kravljeg mlijeka u Albaniji i Srbiji. Na nasumično odabranim farmama krava prikupljeno je ukupno 100 uzoraka sirovog mlijeka, 50 iz Albanije i 50 iz Srbije. Dvanaest uzoraka (12 %) je bilo pozitivno na S. aureus, od čega je pet bilo porijeklom iz Albanije (41,66 %) i sedam iz Srbije (58,33%). Rezistentnost izoliranih sojeva S. aureus na ampicilin u oba uzorka mlijeka iz Albanije (36,7 %) i Srbije (34,1 %) bio je najčešći. Neki sojevi S. aureus iz uzoraka mlijeka iz Albanije bili su rezistentni na tetraciklin (16,9 %), dok su izolati iz uzoraka mlijeka iz Srbije bili rezistentni na oksacilin (18 %). Zabilježena rezistencija na eritromicin (13,2 %; 13,1 %) i sulfatrim (7,6 %; 6,9 %) bila je slična između oba uzorka mlijeka. Dobiveni rezultati pokazali su veću rezistentnost sojeva S. aureus prema cefalotinu u uzorcima mlijeka iz Srbije (3,9 %), u odnosu na uzorke mlijeka iz Albanije (1,6 %). Svi izolati testirani na rezistentnost na antibiotike bili su osjetljivi na meticilin, vankomicin, kloramfenikol i ciprofloksacin. Rezultati dobiveni određivanjem minimalnih inhibitornih koncentracija (MIC) antibiotika pokazali su da su izolati rezistentni na tetraciklin, oksacilin, eritromicin i ampicilin. Rezultati našeg istraživanja pokazali su kako su pronađeni ostaci antibiotika povezani s upotrebom eritromicina (72,6 % i 73,9 %) i ampicilina (70,4% i 71,2%), dok ostaci ciprofloksacina u ispitivanim uzorcima mlijeka nisu registrirani.

The aim of this research was the visual characterization and investigating the effects of Alternaria spp. contaminated wheat grains in the starter stage of broilers nutrition on productive parameters and oxidative stress. The research was divided into two phases. Bunches of wheat in post-harvest period of year 2020 was collected from a various locality in Serbia and Albania. In the first phase, collected samples were visual characterized by Alternaria spp. presence by color measurement methods. Gained results are conferred in the range of the color properties of grain color properties of Alternaria toxins. Wheat grain samples were significantly different (p < 0.05) in terms of all measured color parameters (L*, a*, b*). Classification of field fungi in analyzed wheat grain samples showed that the significant field fungi were Rhizopus spp., followed by Alternaria spp., and Fusarium spp. In the second phase, biological tests with chickens were carried out during the broiler chickens’ dietary starter period in the first 14th days of age. At the beginning of the experiment, a total of 180-day-old Ross 308 strain broilers were equally distributed into three dietary treatments, with four replicates each. Dietary treatments in the experiments were as follows: basal diet without visual contamination of Alternaria spp. with 25% wheat (A1), a basal diet with visual contamination of Alternaria spp. with 25% wheat from Serbia (A2), basal diet with visual contamination of Alternaria spp. with 25% wheat from Albania (A3). The trial with chickens lasted for 14 days. After the first experimental week, wheat infected with Alternaria spp. in treatment A2 and A3 expressed adverse effects. The highest body weight of chickens of 140.40 g was recorded in broilers on control treatment A1 with statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) compared to treatments A2 (137.32 g) and A3 (135.35 g). At the end of the second week of test period, a statistically significant (p < 0.05) differenc