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Copyright of Progress in Plant Protection is the property of Institute of Plant Protection and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In 2013-2016 the possibility of combined application of herbicides with retardants in winter wheat was investigated in Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation in Wrocław. Two retardants (1. chloromequate chloride, 2. trinexapac-ethyl) were used in tank mixture with fluroxypyr and florasulam + aminopyralide. The mixtures were applied on two dates: 1. at the end of tillering, 2. at the stage of 1-2 nodes (florasulam + aminopyralide) or at the stage of flag leaf (fluroxypyr). Efficacy of weed control was affected only by date of treatment. Irrespective of which herbicide-retardant combination was used, the weed suppression was the lowest on plots treated with the mixtures at a later growth stage. It was reflected in the size of grain yield received from these plots, that was comparable to untreated control. Application of the mixture of fluroxypyr with trinexapac-ethyl in winter wheat tillering and flag leaf growth stages contributed to seed uniformity decrease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Progress in Plant Protection is the property of Institute of Plant Protection and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Progress in Plant Protection is the property of Institute of Plant Protection and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Progress in Plant Protection is the property of Institute of Plant Protection and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Progress in Plant Protection is the property of Institute of Plant Protection and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Weeds are a primary factor limiting maize yield. Their occurrence and abundance are affected considerably by environmental factors and farming practices. The variability of weed number in maize depending on the soil type and farm size was investigated. Farms of different sizes vary in farming practices, which affects weediness. Based on this assumption, farm size was considered as indirect factor affecting weed abundance. An investigation of 45 farms that differed in size (5-15 ha, 15-50 ha, >50 ha) and soil type (chernozem, distric cambisol, haplic luvisol) was conducted. Thirteen dominant weed species persistently occurring in maize fields in south-western Poland were examined. Regardless of the soil type and farm size, the most abundant weed species were Echinochloa crus-galli and Chenopodium album. In addition to these species, the most numerous weeds on chernozems were Setaria viridis and Solanum nigrum, while on haplic luvisols and distric cambisols, the most numerous were Viola arvensis and Elymus repens. Additionally, on haplic luvisols, Anthemis arvensis was abundant. Small farms were stronger infested by weeds than large farms due to the implementation of extensive weed-supressing practices, especially low herbicide use. Soil type affected the number of weeds to a greater extent than did farm size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) features high content of bioactive compounds from the group of alkaloids with allelopathic activity. Habitat factors and the harvest time determine the synthesis of chemical compounds required for plant survival in adverse conditions. The aim of the research was to reveal the inhibitory effect of extracts from the reed canary grass on some weed species. The biotypes of the reed canary grass originated from two floristically different habitats. The material was collected in two periods: in spring and in late autumn before the winter dormancy. In each period, aboveground parts and runners of each biotype were collected as raw material for preparation of the extracts. Several series of the tests showed strong inhibitory activity towards Amaranthus retroflexus L., Papaver rhoeas L.,and Stellaria media (L.) Vill of the extract prepared from the runners collected on the bank of a midfield watercourse in Pisarzowice. The strongest inhibitory effect was exhibited by the extracts from runners collected before the winter dormancy period. Extracts derived from both aboveground parts and runners collected from the habitat in Jarnołtów had a considerably weaker phytotoxic and inhibitory effect regardless of the harvest date. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Progress in Plant Protection is the property of Institute of Plant Protection and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Agricultura is the property of University of Technology & Life Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Knowledge about yield variability of crop cultivar is very useful regarding its selection and for cultivation in a target region, as well as under specific cultivation regime. In this study, the yield variability of spring barley cultivars grown on different soils in South-West Poland with respect to herbicides was investigated. Field studies were conducted in over a three-year period (2010-2012). They included four spring barley cultivars (Westminster, Antek, Eunova, Conchita) and three weeding treatment: (i) the mixture of 2.4-D with fluroxypyr (450 g ha-1 + 112.5 g ha-1), (ii) the mixture of aminopyralid with florasulam (9.99 g ha-1 + 4.99 g ha-1), (iii) no herbicide (manually weeded check). Experiment was set up on two different soils - black soil and podsolic soil. Analysis of variance proved greater impact of soil than weather conditions on yield variability of barley cultivars. It also showed the significant genotypic-environmental interaction of the examined cultivars under diversified weeding treatments. On black soil, the highest yield was recorded for Eunova cultivar whereas on podsolic soil it was noted for Conchita cultivar, irrespective of weeding. Eunova cultivar showed significant yield variability for the mixture aminopyralid + florasulam usage and, therefore, this herbicide is not recommended for this cultivar. Among the examined cultivars, Westminster featured distinct reaction to diversified environmental conditions and proved considerable yield variability across years and places, irrespective of weed control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Progress in Plant Protection is the property of Institute of Plant Protection and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Progress in Plant Protection is the property of Institute of Plant Protection and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Progress in Plant Protection is the property of Institute of Plant Protection and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)