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Performance testing of a cross flow heat exchanger operating under the atmosphere of flue gas particulate from combustion was carried out in this work. This heat exchanger exchanges heat between flue gas from the fuel oil combustion and cold water. The heat exchanger is composed of a spiral finned tube bank having 3 rows and 8 tubes per row with a staggered arrangement. The fin spacings considered are 2.85 and 6.10 mm. The theories of thermodynamics and heat transfer are used for analyzing the performance of this system.In this experiment, the flue gas temperature of 200ºC from combustion having 0.35 kg/s mass flow rate flows along outside surface of the heat exchanger and transfers heat to the 25ºC cooling water having 0.15 kg/s mass flow rate flowing in the tube side. Each experiment uses 750 hr for testing. During the testing, part of flue gas condenses on the heat transfer surface.From the experiment, it was found that the heat transfer rate of both heat exchangers tended to decrease with time while the airside pressure drop increased. These results come from the fouling on the heat transfer surface. Moreover, it is found that the heat exchanger having 2.85 mm fin spacing has an approximately 4 times higher fouling resistance than that of the 6.10 mm fin spacing.In this work a model for calculating the fouling resistance is also developed as a the function of time. The model is developed from that of Kern and Seaton and the mean deviation of the model is 0.789.

The gas phase synthesis of octahedral Pt3Ni/C electrocatalysts using several carbon substrates (Ketjen black, Graphene, and Vulcan XC-72R) was investigated. Different carbon substrates altered the morphology and alloy of Pt3Ni nanoparticles, with octahedral morphology and alloy metal preferentially developing on Ketjen black and Graphene, while spherical shape and bimetallic metal preferentially developing on Vulcan. Furthermore, the shape was shown to be regulated throughout the reduction process, with the H2:CO ratio playing a crucial role in controlling octahedral morphology and carrying out the ORR activity. At a 1:3 H2:CO ratio, the Pt3Ni/Ketjen black exhibited the highest ORR activity for both mass activity (1.02 A mgPt−1) and specific activity (5.09 mA cm−2) that were 16.5 and 66.1 times larger than commercial Pt/C catalysts, respectively (0.062 A mgPt−1 and 0.077 mA cm−2). The best ORR activity of Pt3Ni onto Graphene and Vulcan XC-72R was exhibited with a 1:1 H2:CO mixture. The catalysts were tested using a 4000-voltage-cycle accelerated durability test, and the Pt3Ni/Ketjen catalyst fared the best in terms of ORR stability and durability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a performance evaluation of an adsorption cooling system using activated carbon–methanol as the working pair. The desorption process was enhanced by a sonic-wave generator attached to the center of the side of the adsorber. The results show that the sonic-wave activation reduced the cycle time of the heating–condensation process and improved the system performance in terms of coefficient of performance, specific cooling power, and volumetric capacity power, of which the highest achieved for this system were 0.619, 229.15 W/kg, and 17.61 cm3/W, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermal performance of a thermosyphon heat pipe using ethanol-water and TEG-water with variations of parameters such as the mixture content, the pipe diameter, and the working temperature have been studied in this research work. From the experiments, it is found that at low temperature of heat source (less than 80[sup o]C), the ethanol-water mixture has a higher heat transfer rate than that of water and close to that of pure ethanol. In the case of TEG-water mixture, the heat transfer rate of the thermosyphon varies with the content of TEG in the mixture, and it is found that TEG in the mixture can increase the critical heat flux due to the flooding limit in a small thermosyphon. The boiling equation of Rohsenow and the condensation equation of Nusselt are modified to predict the heat transfer coefficients inside the thermosyphon. For the mixtures, the weighted average of the heat transfer coefficient of each component can be used to predict the total heat transfer coefficient. Furthermore, it is found that Faghri's equation can be used to predict the critical heat flux due to the flooding limit of the thermosyphon with the binary mixtures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]