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Moğol İstilası Türk ve İslâm coğrafyasında etkisi yüzyıllar süren ve tarihin hafızasında bugün bile canlılığını koruyan büyük bir yıkımdır. Sultan Alâeddin Muhammed’in yanlış savaş stratejilerine rağmen Harezmşahlar Devleti’nin uhdesinde bulunan şehirlerin tamamına yakının Moğolların saldırılarına karşı topyekün bir mücadele sergilemeleri takdire şayandır. İşte bu direniş örneklerinden biri de şüphesiz Seyhun Nehri kıyısında bulunan Hocend şehrinin savunmasıdır. Şehrin emiri Timur Melik’in az sayıda askeri ile yaptığı savunma ve son ana kadar verdiği mücadeleyle çok kısa süreliğine de olsa Moğolları durdurmuştur. Fakat bu durumTürk ve İslâm coğrafyasında meydana gelen ağır tahribatı engellemeye yetmedi. Timur Melik’in gösterdiği kahramanlık ve Hocend şehrini müdafaa etmesi Harezmşahlar Devleti’nin sınırları içerisinde yer alan şehirlerin Moğollara kolay kolay teslim olmadıklarının da açık bir delilidir. Çalışmamızda bu direnişin detayları ve Timur Melik’in hayatı hakkında kaynaklarda yer alan bilgiler ışığında değerlendirmeler yapılacaktır.

The political power of Ghurids is recognized during the governance era of Shansabaneyah dynasty. They have ruled from 401 to 612 AH after which their successors ruled in Indian subcontinent for long years. The current study conducts a descriptive-analytical investigation in the field of historical literature in order to assess and evaluate the causes of longevity in political and military power of Ghurids and their political establishment in the eastern lands of the Islamic Caliphate. Results of this study demonstrated that these factors in turn contributed to the long-term sustainability Ghurids. Offensive and defensive power of Ghurids, geographic spread, the relative popularity of Shansabaneyah among Ghurids, financial and economic power of Ghurids, their conversion to Islam, the support from Abbasid Caliphate, the governance of the family, the presence of multiple centers and the circumstances surrounding were among the most important factors.

The article continues a series of Beisembiev’s publications [9] [13] [14] on “Jawāmi ul-Hikāyāt wa Lawāmi’ ul-Riwāyāt” by Sadid al-Din Muhammad al-‘Awfi (completed in the second quarter of the 13th century), the largest literary and historical prosaic work in Persian classical literature of pre-Mongol and Mongol periods. It contains a collection of over 2,100 stories (very poorly studied) on diverse subjects. Up to the present, a complete scholarly edition of this greatest historical source is not available. On the basis of all available publications and a MS copy of the early 14th century, Supplément Persan 95 (La Bibliothèque nationale, France), the author presents for the first time his Russian commented translation of 52 Awfi’s stories (hikayat) on Ghaznavids, Samanids, Karakhanids, Seljukids and Khorezmshahs and gives their interpretation. The titles of the stories, absent in the original, are invented by the translator. Each title is indicated by those number in parentheses, which is specified in the fundamental study on ‘Awfi by Muhammad Nizam ud-Din [40]. At the end of each story there is indicated, in square brackets, a bibliographical reference to the source, from which its translation was made. The “Repertoire” of ‘Awfi containing stories about the Samanids, Karakhanids, Seljukids and Khwarezmshahs is followed by a summarized table of all stories by ‘Awfi per-taining to these dynasties (totally 78 stories, from which 27 translated previously, with bibliographical notes to their publication). Analysis of the works on the dynasties in question by the famous academics (V.V. Bartold, V.A. Gordlevsky, C.E. Bosworth, S.G. Aghajanov, Z.M. Buniyatov, N.N. Negmatov and B.D. Kochnev) shows that, unfortunately, none of them pay due attention to the valuable information of ‘Awfi. The author hopes that his publication will provide a deeper understanding in study of Central Asian history as well as that of other regions in pre-Mongol period.

The article continues a series of Beisembiev’s publications [9; 13; 14] on “Jawāmi ul-Hikāyāt wa Lawāmi’ ul-Riwāyāt” by Sadid al-Din Muhammad al-‘Awfi (completed in the second quarter of the 13th century), the largest literary and historical prosaic work in Persian classical literature of pre-Mongol and Mongol periods. It contains a collection of over 2,100 stories (very poorly studied) on diverse subjects. Up to the present, a complete scholarly edition of this greatest historical source is not available. On the basis of all available publications and a manuscript copy of the early 14th century, Supplément Persan 95 (La Bibliothèque nationale de France), the author presents for the first time his Russian commented translation of 52 Awfi’s stories (hikayat) on the Ghaznavids, Samanids, Karakhanids, Seljukids and Khwa­rezmshahs and provides their interpretation. The titles of the stories, absent in the original, are invented by the translator. Each title is indicated by those number in parentheses, which is specified in the fundamental study on ‘Awfi by Muhammad Nizam ud-Din [40]. At the end of each story there is indicated, in square brackets, a bibliographical reference to the source, from which its translation was made. The “Repertoire” of ‘Awfi containing stories about the Samanids, Karakhanids, Seljukids and Khwarezmshahs is followed by a summarized table of all stories by ‘Awfi pertaining to these dynasties (totally 78 stories, from which 27 translated previously, with bibliographical notes to their publication). Analysis of the works on the dynasties in question by the famous academics (V.V. Bartold, V.A. Gordlevsky, C.E. Bosworth, S.G. Agadjanov, Z.M. Bu­niya­tov, N.N. Negmatov and B.D. Kochnev) shows that, unfortunately, none of them pay due attention to the valuable information of ‘Awfi. The author hopes that his publication will provide a deeper understanding in the study of Central Asian history as well as that of other regions in the pre-Mongol period.

The article continues a series of Beisembiev’s publications [9; 13; 14] on “Jawāmi ul-Hikāyāt wa Lawāmi’ ul-Riwāyāt” by Sadid al-Din Muhammad al-‘Awfi (completed in the second quarter of the 13th century), the largest literary and historical prosaic work in Persian classical literature of pre-Mongol and Mongol periods. It contains a collection of over 2,100 stories (very poorly studied) on diverse subjects. Up to the present, a complete scholarly edition of this greatest historical source is not available. On the basis of all available publications and a manuscript copy of the early 14th century, Supplément Persan 95 (La Bibliothèque nationale de France), the author presents for the first time his Russian commented translation of 52 Awfi’s stories (hikayat) on the Ghaznavids, Samanids, Karakhanids, Seljukids and Khwa­rezmshahs and provides their interpretation. The titles of the stories, absent in the original, are invented by the translator. Each title is indicated by those number in parentheses, which is specified in the fundamental study on ‘Awfi by Muhammad Nizam ud-Din [40]. At the end of each story there is indicated, in square brackets, a bibliographical reference to the source, from which its translation was made. The “Repertoire” of ‘Awfi containing stories about the Samanids, Karakhanids, Seljukids and Khwarezmshahs is followed by a summarized table of all stories by ‘Awfi pertaining to these dynasties (totally 78 stories, from which 27 translated previously, with bibliographical notes to their publication). Analysis of the works on the dynasties in question by the famous academics (V.V. Bartold, V.A. Gordlevsky, C.E. Bosworth, S.G. Agadjanov, Z.M. Bu­niya­tov, N.N. Negmatov and B.D. Kochnev) shows that, unfortunately, none of them pay due attention to the valuable information of ‘Awfi. The author hopes that his publication will provide a deeper understanding in the study of Central Asian history as well as that of other regions in the pre-Mongol period.

The political power of Ghurids is recognized during the governance era of Shansabaneyah dynasty. They have ruled from 401 to 612 AH after which their successors ruled in Indian subcontinent for long years. The current study conducts a descriptive-analytical investigation in the field of historical literature in order to assess and evaluate the causes of longevity in political and military power of Ghurids and their political establishment in the eastern lands of the Islamic Caliphate. Results of this study demonstrated that these factors in turn contributed to the long-term sustainability Ghurids. Offensive and defensive power of Ghurids, geographic spread, the relative popularity of Shansabaneyah among Ghurids, financial and economic power of Ghurids, their conversion to Islam, the support from Abbasid Caliphate, the governance of the family, the presence of multiple centers and the circumstances surrounding were among the most important factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]